UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL 1 LETTER FROM THE DAIS It is our absolute honor and pleasure to receive you Likewise, the three of us in behalf of the amazingly all on the IX edition of the MUN of Universidad del and well-prepared team that backs us up for this Rosario, and consequently, to the United Nations committee, along with Sofía Campos, Egidio Colaianni, Security Council committee itself. We, as members of Gabriela Varela and Juliana Serna, we are thrilled to the committee, have the highest expectations on its hear you discuss the topics that are pretty close to development, and therefore, on you. our attention and our hearts. We want you to be as creative and spontaneous as you possibly can, in the My name is Emilio Camminati Wiese, and I’m an pursuit for solutions for the problematics that threat International Business student at Universidad del us nowadays. We want you to think outside the box, Pacífico. I started participating in MUNs in 2013 when because even though some situations are not affecting I was still in school and since then they became an us directly on our daily basis, that does not mean they integral part of my life. I consider that participating do not exist; be mindful that your voice will position in a MUN is an extremely enriching experience itself for those who have been silent and those who which allows you to develop several skills, ranging cannot speak for themselves. from speaking to negotiating, that are necessary for today’s highly competitive world. Needless to say, as Lastly, as it was previously stated, we want you to feel one of the committee’s Directors and fellow Muner I as comfortable as possible and to enjoy every second hope to see you soon at MUNUR 2018. of this experience because for us, it has become a very important part of our lives. Remember that we are My name is Juan Manuel Rojas Cardona, I’m 18 here for you, at all times. Do not hesitate to contact years old and currently, a Law student at Externado us, if needed. University in Colombia. As one of the committee’s Directors, I would like to inspire every single one of you Kind regards, into giving the best of yourselves and achieving your Security Council of the United Nations’ Board of full potential. Also, you shall remember the whole Directors. time that we, as your Board of Directors, are here as a tool in order to obtain your best performance and the Emilio Camminati. best development inside the commission. Welcome Director UNSC. to MUNUR and welcome to my beloved Colombia! [email protected] My name is Daniela Macedo Arteta and I am truly Juan Manuel Rojas Cardona. excited for the experience we all have waiting Director UNSC. ahead. Currently, I am a ninth semester student at [email protected] Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas with a double major in Business Administration and Hotel Daniela Macedo Arteta. Management, a program that converges all my Crisis Director UNSC. passions at once. Also, in this opportunity, I’ll be the [email protected] Crisis Director for the committee and for that reason, I’m thrilled to show every single one of you the many surprises we have waiting for you. Welcome! 2 LETTER FROM THE UNDERSECRETARY GENERAL FOR CRISIS COMMITTEES United Nations’ Security Council chamber at the UN Headquarters, NYC. Source: Dwell media. In this chamber, the most iconic decisions have been It is a factor of joy, to this wonderful team, to me made. With place for only fifteen delegations, the and to MUNUR, to bring once again the iconic UNSC UN’s Security Council chamber has witnessed the with our traditional taste of crisis. The topics that discussions to the Rwanda crisis, the Syrian conflict, you delegates will discuss are ones of those which the prohibition of nuclear weapons to some countries, endanger the international security and order some embargos to others and other infinity of topics nowadays. In this way, you will find an opportunity to which have shaped the world as we know it. With five virtually be in the Chamber and creatively look for a chairs permanently marked with the name of five UN solution to these problematics. Member States, we find a reminder of the trace of five powerful nations who were victorious to one of We hope you get to find in this experience what has the most terrible wars ever, and a reminder of the make iconic the UNSC in MUNUR. Welcome to the meaning of international sway. This chamber reminds chamber of possibilities. See you soon! to peace, to security, to power. For all these reasons, the UNSC is a main body of the United Nations and, Camilo Ríos Bernal furthermore, of any MUN. Undersecretary General for Crisis Committees 3 ABOUT THE COMMITTEE: BACKGROUND The Security Council of the United Nations is the • to call on Members to apply economic sanctions maximum authority within the United Nations, it is and other measures not involving the use of force one of the five primary organs of the organization. to prevent or stop aggression; Composed by fifteen members, the UN Charter on its • to take military action against an aggressor; Article 27 establishes the voting procedure, therefore • to recommend the admission of new Members; every substantive decision shall be approved by an • to exercise the trusteeship functions of the United affirmative vote of nine members including veto Nations in “strategic areas”; power unanimity; and on the other hand, procedural • to recommend to the General Assembly the matters will be decided with the affirmative vote of appointment of the Secretary-General and, nine members. together with the Assembly, to elect the Judges of the International Court of Justice.” From those fifteen members, five of them are permanent and possess veto power: the People’s Furthermore, it’s worthy to clarify the fact that the Republic of China, the French Republic, the United Security Council will be at all moments submitted Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, to the United Nations Charter, and to the principles the Russian Federation and the United States of it establishes. For example, “the maintenance America. The other ten non-permanent members of international peace and security”; the are elected for a two-year term by the General “development of friendly relations among nations”; Assembly. Currently, those seats are being occupied the “cooperation in solving international problems by: Bolivia, Côte d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, and in promoting respect of human rights”; and Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Netherlands, Peru, Poland and lastly, to “be a center for harmonizing the actions Sweden. (United Nations, 2018) of nations”. [Bolds weren’t included on the original source.] Taking this into account, and as established on the UN Charter, the legal framework of the United Nations, All members of the United Nations agree to accept the main purpose of this Council is the maintenance and carry out the decisions of the Security Council. of peace and international security. Thus, the use While other organs of the United Nations make of military force is sometimes essential to resolve a recommendations to member states, only the crisis if the situation requires so; nonetheless, the Security Council has the power to make decisions Council’s actual purpose is to address the crisis and that member states are then obligated to implement find a peaceful solution first. under the Charter. (United Nations, 2018) According to the United Nations Security Council In virtue of the previous statements, it’s essential to official website, “the main Council’s functions and understand that on the international dynamic, this faculties are: Council represents an incredible force of change. For • to maintain international peace and security in instance, according with the Security Council Report accordance with the principles and purposes of a “visiting mission” it’s programmed in September the United Nations; to the African territory in order to establish a plan • to investigate any dispute or situation which of action to counter the situation of instability in the might lead to international friction; region. (United Nations Security Council, 2018) • to recommend methods of adjusting such disputes or the terms of settlement; Furthermore, it’s imperative to recall the fact that this • to formulate plans for the establishment of a commission in particular works under the leadership system to regulate armaments; of the chosen President, and –as the UN Charter • to determine the existence of a threat to the establishes- works, by its very own procedure and peace or act of aggression and to recommend regulations. what action should be taken; 4 COMMITTEE’S HISTORY. Once World War II ended, the world suffered the repercussions of a long-scaled conflict and it was well-known that a new massive conflict would tear the world apart. In order to prevent that from ever happening again, a desire emerged for creating a new organization. One that (based on the League of Nations) would represent a world in unison for one common goal emerged with the purpose of pursuing peace and international security. In 1944, during the Dumbarton Oaks conference, the creation of the United Nations was decided. And along with it, the Security Council, expecting it to be the answer for potential conflicts that emerged as a consequence of a long and sustained conflict, as was the Second World War. In 1945, during the Yalta Conference the name “United Nations” came up, and with it, the voting procedure for the international organization. Later this year, on the United Nations Conference on international Organization celebrated on San Francisco, the United Nations Charter was approved.