Vibeke Dalberg NAME AND PLACE Ten essays on the dynamics of place-names I Navnestudier udgivet af Afdeling for Navneforskning Nr. 40 II VIBEKE DALBERG III IV Vibeke Dalberg NAME AND PLACE Ten essays on the dynamics of place-names Edited and translated by Gillian Fellows-Jensen, Peder Gammeltoft, Bent Jørgensen and Berit Sandnes on the occasion of Vibeke Dalberg’s 70th birthday, August 22nd 2008 Department of Scandinavian Research Name Research Section Copenhagen 2008 V Fotografisk, mekanisk eller anden gengivelse af denne bog eller dele heraf er ikke tilladt ifølge gældende dansk lov om ophavsret. © Afdeling for Navneforskning, Nordisk Forskningsinstitut Det Humanistiske Fakultet Københavns Universitet Photo by Rob Rentenaar Freely available internet publication, the Faculty of Humanities, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen 2008 ISBN 978-87-992447-1-3 VI Foreword Vibeke Dalberg has been studying place-names and personal names throughout a long and active life of scholarly research. The material she has employed has generally been Danish but the perspective of the research and the scope of its results have normally been of rele- vance for the whole of the Germanic language area. Through her yearlong involvement in ICOS, Vibeke Dalberg has become well- known and highly respected as an onomastician. For those who do not read Danish, however, much of her work and some of her most significant papers have remained a closed book. To remedy this state of affairs, friends and colleagues at Vibeke’s former place of work, the Name Research Section at the University of Copenhagen, have wished to mark her 70th birthday by arranging for ten important papers to be translated into English. The translations have been carried out by Gillian Fellows-Jensen, Peder Gammeltoft and Berit Sandnes in close cooperation. The translation has in principle kept as closely as possible to the original texts and we have therefore normally made no changes to the name-examples cited. Where we have thought it necessary, however, these examples have been supplemented by information about the linguistic content so that Vibeke Dalberg’s examples can form a transparent and adequate complement to the texts in question. The ten works are prefaced by a Tabula gratulatoria listing all the onomasticians and colleagues who have desired to link their birthday greetings to Vibeke Dalberg with the publication of the present translations. The volume concludes with an up-to-date bib- liography of Vibeke Dalberg’s published works. It is with great pleasure that we are able to place a selection of Vibeke Dalberg’s scholarly publications at the disposition of an international readership. Gillian Fellows-Jensen, Peder Gammeltoft, Bent Jørgensen and Berit Sandnes VII BLANK [6] VIII Contents Foreword VII Contents IX Tabula gratulatoria XI The characteristic properties of proper names – a contribution to the discussion 1 On the concept of locality 10 Possible influence of patterns in some Danish place-names 13 Ellipsis in place-names 20 On the question of epexegesis in Danish nature names 28 The psychology of place-name changes 50 Denotation shift and shift in denotatum 61 The role of toponymic analogy in the reshaping of place-names 68 So-called folk-etymological reshaping of place-names 80 The concept of partial place-name replacement 94 List of publications by Vibeke Dalberg 119 IX X Tabula gratulatoria Abteilung für Nordische Philologie Andrea & Silvio Brendler Universität Zürich, Zürich Hamburg Afdeling for Navneforskning Stefan Brink København Aberdeen Jan Agertz Marijke Brunt & Jaap Kruisheer Huskvarna Maarssen Terhi Ainiala Eva Brylla Helsingfors Uppsala Marita Akhøj Nielsen Scott Catledge København Orlando Gunnstein Akselberg Birgit Christensen Bergen Vanløse Gulbrand Alhaug Richard Coates Tromsø Bristol Thorsten Andersson Hans Dalberg & Bente Sørensen Uppsala Kølsen Maria Giovanna Arcamone Karina van Dalen-Oskam Pisa Den Haag Lisa Monica Aslaksen Peder Dam & Birgit Eggert Kárášjohka København Kolbjørn Aune Dialekt- och ortnamnsarkivet i Lund Kyrksæterøra Lund Kristin Bakken Eveline Doelman Oslo Amsterdam Simon Skovgaard Boeck Matthew Driscoll & Ragnheiður Mósesdóttir København København Reina Boerrigter Sheila Embleton Amsterdam Toronto Guus J. Borger Lisbeth Eilersgaard Christensen Amsterdam Odense XI Eli Johanne Ellingsve Frans Gregersen Trondheim Frederiksberg Lennart Elmevik Böðvar Guðmundsson & Eva Rode Uppsala Nivå Hildo van Engen Asgerd Gudiksen Amsterdam Frederiksberg Sonja Entzenberg W.J. Hagoort Uppsala Ermelo Birgit Falck-Kjällquist Lennart Hagåsen Svedala Uppsala Ken Farø Göran Hallberg København Eslöv Gillian Fellows-Jensen Gunilla Harling-Kranck Karlslunde Helsingfors Erzsébet Fercsik Margit Harsson Budapest Oslo Jytte Sander French Milan Harvalík Stege Praha Aase Fridorf Vidar Haslum Holte Stavanger Peder Gammeltoft & Berit Sandnes Wolfgang Haubrichs Lund Saarbrücken Alfonso Germani Isolde Hausner Arce Wien Marinel Gerritsen Kaisa Rautio Helander Nijmegen Guovdageaidnu Doreen Gerritzen Botolv Helleland Amsterdam Oslo Dieter Geuenich Ebba Hjorth Denzlingen København Ton Goeman Poul & Birte Hjorth Pedersen Amsterdam Vanløse Luc de Grauwe Jakob Povl Holck Gent Ringsted XII Bente Holmberg Willy Van Langendonck København Leuven Lars Huldén André Lapierre Helsingfors Ottawa Christer Hummelstedt Edwin D. Lawson Åbo Fredonia Lisbeth Imer Katharina Leibring København Uppsala Institutet för språk och folkminnen Michael Lerche Nielsen Uppsala København Hans Jørgen Jensen Carl-Erik Lundbladh Vällingby Lund Tor Erik Jenstad Kristin Magnussen Trondheim Hoyvík Ole-Jørgen Johannessen Ann Marynissen Bergen Köln Anfinnur Johansen Anki Mattisson Hoyvík Uppsala Bent Jørgensen Eva Villarsen Meldgaard København Hareskovby Merete K. Jørgensen Hans-Peter Naumann København Zürich Inge Mette Kirkeby & Lodewijk Wiegersma Gudlaug Nedrelid Holte Kristiansand Eero Kiviniemi Kristina Neumüller Sibbo Uppsala Rosa & Volker Kohlheim Bill Nicolaisen Bayreuth Aberdeen Adrian Koopman Hermann Niebaum Pietermaritzburg Groningen Kristoffer Kruken Ebbe Nielsen Oslo Vanløse Magnus Källström Leif Nilsson Stockholm Uppsala XIII Bo Nissen Knudsen Michel Rentenaar & Pnina Thabet København Kampala Nordisk Forskningsinstitut Nienke Rentenaar København Amsterdam Eva Nyman Rob Rentenaar Härnösand Nivå Staffan Nyström Allan Rostvik Stockholm & Uppsala Enviken Britta Olrik Frederiksen & Niels Stengaard Lennart Ryman Nivå Stockholm Ferjan Ormeling Sámi allaskuvla / Samisk høgskole Utrecht Guovdageaidnu Ellen Palmboom Kari Sandnes Amsterdam Trondheim Aud-Kirsti Pedersen Jørgen Schack Tromsø Dragør Inge Lise Pedersen Tom Schmidt Frederiksberg Oslo Karen Margrethe Pedersen Tanneke Schoonheim Hørsholm Leiden Lena Peterson Seminariet för nordisk namnforskning Uppsala Uppsala Anita Piemonti Svavar Sigmundsson Pisa Reykjavík Martina Pitz Paula Sjöblom Lyon Turku Hanne Pii Pullar & Robert Pullar Peter Slotte Woodley Helsingfors Pieter van Reenen Peter Springborg Amsterdam København Guro Reisæter Rikke Steenholt Olesen Tromsø København Fred Rentenaar Svante Strandberg Enschede Uppsala XIV Agneta Sundström Per Vikstrand Uppsala Uppsala Anne Svanevik Þórhallur Vilmundarson Oslo Reykjavík Ulla Swedell Susanne Vogt Uppsala Frederiksberg Inge Særheim Åse Kari Hansen Wagner Stavanger Stavanger Georg Søndergaard Mats Wahlberg Odense Uppsala Minna Saarelma Doreen J. Waugh Vantaa Edinburgh Simon Taylor Annette Warnez Glasgow Vanløse Heinrich Tiefenbach Anna-Lise & Hugo Wendler Pedersen Regensburg Frederiksberg Ulf Timmermann Åse Wetås Rättvik Oslo Annette C. Torensjö Per-Axel Wiktorsson Gävle Uppsala Jürgen Udolph Henrik Williams Leipzig Uppsala Vakgroep Duits, Taalkunde Benedicta Windt Ghent University, Gent Oslo Paul Videsott Mette Zahle Brixen / Bressanone / Persenon Amersfoort XV XVI The characteristic properties of proper names – a contribution to the discussion¿ As can be seen from the title, this article is a contribution to a debate concerning both the more abstract question of what are the charac- teristics of proper names and the more concrete question of whether particular linguistic categories belong to this word-class or not. Before discussing the presence or absence of proprial characteristics in specific categories, I should like to recapitulate some major points in the discussion concerning the grammatical and semantic features that constitute proper nouns as a linguistic unit. Obviously, the definition of the proper noun is not of onomas- tic concern only; linguists and language philosophers have discussed the delimitation of proper nouns, too. Within place-name research, the question of delimitation has played a minor role with rather few persons engaged in the discussion. Nonetheless, I shall focus on views previously advanced in onomastics, particularly in Nordic place-name research. There is no agreement as to what are, and must be, reckoned as proprial characteristics. Above all, the disagreement pertains to how the semantic properties of the proper noun diverge from those of the appellative. However, there seems to be agreement about one fundamental condition, namely the identifying function of the proper nouns. The proper noun distinguishes one object from other objects of the same kind. Proprial function is assigned to a linguistic unit when it, by convention, is allowed to refer to one item only. This item is in principle unique. The term mono-referential has been used to cover this proprial feature. The mono-referential, individualising property of the proper noun has grammatical implications