Bothalia 31,2 (2001) 195

STEDJE. B. 1996. Hyacinthaceae. In R.M. Polhill, Flora of tropical STEDJE. B. in press. Generic delimitation of Hyacinthaceae, with spe­ East Africa. Balkema, Rotterdam. cial emphasis on sub-Saharan genera. Proceedings of the 16,h STEDJE, B. 1997. Hyacinthaceae. In S. Edwards. Sebsebe Demissew AETFAT Congress, 28 August to 2 September 2000. Systematics & I. Hedberg, Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 6: 138-147. The and geography of plants 71. National Herbarium, Addis Ababa. STEDJE. B. & THULIN, M. 1995. Synopsis of Hyacinthaceae in East STEDJE. B. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships and generic delimitation and North-East Africa. Nordic Journal of Botany 15: 591-601. of sub-Saharan Scilla L. (Hyacinthaceae) and allied African STIRTON, C.H. 1976. Thuranthos: notes on generic status, morpholo­ genera as inferred from morphological and DNA sequence data. gy. phenology and pollination biology. Bothalia 12: 161-165. Plant systematics and evolution 211: 1-11. STUESSY. T.F. 1990. Plant taxonomy: the systematic evaluation of STEDJE, B. 2000. Evolutionary relationships of the genera Drimia, comparative data. Columbia University Press. New York. Thuranthos. Bowiea and Schizobasis, elucidated by morpholog­ ical and chloroplast DNA sequence data. In K.L. Wilson & D.A. B. STEDJE* Morrison. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons, Sydney, * University of Oslo, Botanical Garden and Museum, P.O. Box 1172 Australia, 1998, Vol. 1. Systematics and evolution of Monocots: Blindem. N-0318 Oslo, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] 414-417. CSIRO Publishing. Collingwood, Australia. MS. received: 2000-11-02.

DENNSTAEDTIACEAE-PTEROPSIDA

HYPOLEPIS VILLOSO-VISC1DA NEW TO THE FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA

Recently, a Hypolepis collection from Genadendal Polypodium villoso-viscidum Thouars: 33: (1808). Type: in the Western Cape, differing from H. sparsisora Tristan d* Acunha. Aubert du Petit-Thouars s.n. (P. holo.). (Schrad.) Kuhn came to my attention. This collection differs in the distribution of hairs on the lamina, the Cheilanthes viscosa Carmich.: 511 (1818). Type: Tristan da Cunha. Carmichael s.n. (K. holo.; BM, iso.). presence of glandular and receptacular hairs, and larger stomata and spores. To determine whether the plants Specimens examined may be recent introductions and to determine the size of the population. I have subsequently visited the location. EASTERN CAPE.— 3225 (Somerset East): Somerset East. A review of herbarium collections revealed that this Boschberg. 760 m. Nov. 1875, (-DA). MacO*an 1575 (SAM). species, although scarce, also occurs elsewhere in WESTERN CAPE.— 3418 (Simonstown): Orange Kloof. W-facing South Africa, but has always been erroneously deter­ slopes. ± 220 m. 24 Nov. 2000. (-BD), Roux 3023 (NBG). 3419 mined as H. sparsisora. A morphological study showed (Caledon): Genadendal. Baviaans River, north bank alongside road that these plants are synonymous with H. villoso-visci- upstream of weir. 280 m. 2 June 2000. (-BA). Boucher 6515 (NBG): da (Thouars) Tardieu, a species also occurring on the Genadendal. Baviaans River, above 2nd weir. ± 300 m. 7 July 2000. South Atlantic island groups of Gough and Tristan da (-BA). Roux 3007, 3009, 3010, 3011 (NBG). Cunha. REFERENCES Key to the South African species of Hypolepis CARMICHAEL. D 1818. Some account of the island of Tristan da Cunha and its natural productions. Transactions of the Linnean Lamina with acicular and oblong hairs confined to axes and Society of London 12: 483-513. veins; receptacle nude; stomata 28-(37.11 )-46 (im long; TARDIEU-BLOT. M.L. 1958. Polypodiacees (sensu lato). Dennstaedti- spores 24—(29.04)-38 x 15—(19.63>—26 urn . . . . / / . sparsisora acees-Aspidiacees. In H. Humbert. Flore de Madagascr et des Lamina with acicular and glandular hairs (rarely also oblong Comores, Fam. 5.1: 1-391. Paris. hairs) on axes, veins and lamina surfaces: receptacle THOUARS. L.M. AUBERT DU PETIT 1808. Esquisse de la flore de usually with uniseriate hairs: stomata 38-<50.33)-64 I'Isle de Tristan d ’Acunga. Paris. pm long; spores 32—(38.01 )-46 x 20-(23.95)-30 nm ...... H. villoso-viscida J.P. ROUX*

* Compton Herbarium. National Botanical Institute. Private Bag X7. Hypolepis villoso-viscida (Thouars) Tardieu, Flore 7735 Claremont. Cape Town. de Madagascar et de Comores 5.1: 6. fig. 1. t. 3-5 (1958). MS. received: 2000-09-01.

PORTULACACEAE

TAUNUM PANICVLATUM. A NATURALIZED WEED IN SOUTH AFRICA

Talinum Adans. is a medium-sized genus of semi-suc­ Talinum (Von Poellnitz 1934), occurring mostly in culent herbs and shrubs with annual branches sprouting Africa. Australia, parts of Asia and North and South from a perennial base with tuberous roots. These fleshy America. In the African species the pedicels are always underground parts tend to draw the attention of succulent swollen below the fruit and are more or less recurved plant collectors, who would include the plants in the when fruiting (Tolken 1969). Five species are indigenous broadly conceived group of caudiciform succulents in South Africa, restricted to summer rainfall areas (Smith et al. 1997). About 50 species are recognized in (Tolken 1969). Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. is 196 Bothalia 31,2 (2001)

lic gardens in and around Pretoria and along the Western Cape coast with its Mediterranean-type climate. The plants are not easy to eradicate; although the aerial parts tend to die off in winter, the species is perennial through a thickened rhizome and fleshy roots (Figure 4). It also flowers and fruits prolifically and produces a multitude of wind-dispersed microscopic seeds that spread and germinate easily.

2406000-600 Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn., De fructibus et seminibus plantarum 2: 219, t. 128 (1791); Poelln.: 1 (1934); Adams: 267 (1972). Type: not desig­ nated.

Portulaca paniculata Jacq.: 22 (1760) non L.: 640 (1762); Jacq/ 148 (1763); Jacq.: 71, t. 151 (1772-1773).

Portulaca patens L.: 242 (1771); Ruclingia patens (L.) Ehrh.: 135 (1788); Helianthemoides patens (L.) Med.: 95 (1789); Talinum patens (L.) Willd.: 863 (1799); A.Gray: 265 (1895); Claytonia patens (L.) Kuntze: 56 (1891). Type: not known.

T reflexum Cav.: 1, t. 1 (1791); Sims: 1.1543 (1813); Portulaca reflexa (Cav.) Haw.: 141 (1803); Claytonia reflexa (Cav.) Kuntze: 57 (1891). Type: not known.

T. sarmentosum Engelm.: 153 (1850); Claytonia sarmentosa (Engelm.) Kuntze: 57 (1891); T. reflexum var. sarmentosum (Engelm.) Small: 415 (1903); T. paniculata var. sarmentosum (Engelm.) Poelln.: 123 (1933). Type: not known.

For a more complete list of synonyms, see Von Poellnitz (1934: 11).

Glabrous herb with annual branches developing from perennial base with tuberous roots. Stems erect, terete, up to 0.4 m long. Leaves alternate to subopposite, petiolate, glabrous, somewhat succulent; blade obovate or oblance­ olate, varying to spatulate, 40-110 x 15^45 mm, apex acute to rounded, margins entire; petiole swollen at base; exstipulate. Inflorescence terminal, panicle-like, com­ pound, dichasial, up to 450 mm long; bracteoles minute, ± 1 mm long, membranous, lanceolate, early deciduous. Flowers bisexual, star-shaped, ± 2.5 mm diam., opening FIGURE 4.— Talinum paniculatum: A, habit of plant in fmit, x 0.6; B, mid-afternoon, closing at dusk; pedicels filiform, ± 3.5 open flower as seen from above, x 5; C, flower in side view mm long. Sepals 2, opposite, green, glabrous, 1 mm with one petal removed, x 5; D, capsular fruit x 3.7; E, dissect­ long, acuminate, recurved in open flower. Petals 5, ed capsule showing multiple seeds with free-central placenta- oblong with rounded apices, spreading, pink to rose- tion, x 3.7. Artist: Marietjie Steyn. coloured, tardily deciduous from capsule. Stamens numerous, ± 1.5 mm long; filaments dorsifixed; anthers one of two alien species of Portulacaceae that has opening with slits. Ovary superior, spherical, 1 mm become naturalized in the flora of southern Africa diam., unilocular, multi-ovular, placentation free-central; (Jordaan 1997). This report forms part of ongoing efforts style terete, articulating at base; stigma with 3 spatulate to document, describe and illustrate naturalized succu­ lobes. Capsule spherical, 2.5 mm diam., thin-walled, lents in southern Africa. bright orange when young, turning to brown during ripening, opening with 3 longitudinal slits. Seeds numer­ Known as ‘American star-flowers’ or ‘pink star-flow­ ous, lens-shaped, 0.8-0.9 mm long, short-beaked with ers’, T. paniculatum is native to the plains from Texas to small, white aril at hilum, seed coat shiny black, tuber- Arizona, south and central Florida, Mexico, the West culate. Figure 4. Chromosome number unknown. Indies and South America (Gray 1895; Von Poellnitz Flowering time: September to April. 1934). Its occurrence in Sri Lanka and in Malaysia (Singapore), Indonesia (Java), Thailand and China, prob­ Vouchers: Barker 4439 (PRE); Barrett 333 (PRE); Pegler 1587 ably resulted from early cultivation and a subsequent (PRE); G.F. Smith & E.M.A. Steyn 4 (PRE).

escape into the wild (Von Poellnitz 1934). In South Illustrations: Jacq.: t. 151 (1772-1773) as P. paniculata; Cav.: t.l Africa, the species was recorded about thirty years ago as (1791), as T. reflexum; Sims: t. 1543 (1813), as T. reflexum. a garden escape in a few places, but did not then seem to spread as a weed (Tolken 1969). It has since become Common names: American star-flower (Von Poellnitz established as a troublesome weed in domestic and pub­ 1934: 1) or pink star-flower (Gray 1895). Bothalia 31,2 (2001) 197

REFERENCES LINNAEUS. C. 1762. Species plantarum. Vol. 1, edn 2: 640. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm. ADAMS, C.D. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica: 267. University LINNAEUS. C. 1771. Mantissa plantarum: 242. (1961 Facsimile). Press, Glasgow. Cramer. Weinheim. CAVAN1LLES, A.J. 1791. Talinum reflexum. leones et descriptiones MEDIKUS. F.K. 1789. Philosophische Botanik 1: 95. Neue Hof- und plantarum 1: 1, t. 1. (Reprint 1965). Cramer, New York. Akademische Buchhandlungen. Mannheim. EHRHART. J.F. 1788. Beitrdge zur Naturkunde 3: 135. SIMS. J.K. 1813. Talinum reflexum. Reflex-flowered Talinum. Curtis’s ENGELMANN. G. 1850. Portulacaceae. Boston Journal of Natural Botanical Magazine 37: t. 1543. History 6: 153. SMALL. J.K. 1903. Talinum Adans. Flora of the southeastern United GAERTNER. J. 1791. Talinum Adans. De fructibus et seminus plan­ States: 415. Small. New York. tarum 2: 219, t. 128, fig. 13. Guilielmi Henrici Schrammii, SMITH. G.F., VAN JAARSVELD. E.J.. ARNOLD. T.H.. STEFFENS. Tubinge. F.E.. DIXON. R.D. & RETIEF. J.A. (eds). 1997. Ust of south­ GRAY. A. 1895. Talinum patens Willd. Synoptical flora of North ern African succulent plants: ii. Umdaus Press, Pretoria. America 1, Part 1, Fascicle 1: 265. American Book Co., New TOLKEN. H R. 1969. The genus Talinum (Portulacaceae) in southern York. Africa. Bothalia 10: 19-28. HAWORTH. A.H. 1803. Portulacca (sic.). Miscellanea naturalia: 141. VON POELLNITZ. K. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der Gattung Talinum Taylor, London. Adans. (Portulacaceae). Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen JACQUIN, N.J. 1760. Enumeratio systematica plantarum: 22. Gesellschaft 51: 123. Lugduni, Batavorum. VON POELLNITZ. K. 1934. Monographic der Gattung Talinum JACQUIN, N.J. 1763. Selectarum stirpium americanarum historia: Adans. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis 35: 148. (1971 Facsimile). Hafner, New York. 1-34. JACQUIN. N.J. 1772-1773. Hortus botanicus vindobonensis 2: 71, t. WILLDENOW, C.L. 1799. Talinum patens. Species plantarum 2, Part 151. Kaliwoda, Vindobonae. 2: 863. Nauk, Berlin. JORDAAN, M. 1997. Portulacaceae. In G.F. Smith. E.J. van Jaarsveld. T.H. Arnold. F.E. Steffens. R.D. Dixon & J.A Retief. List of E.M.A. STEYN* and G.F.SMITH* southern African succulent plants: 145. Umdaus Press, Pretoria. KUNTZE, O. 1891. Portulacaceae. Revisio generum plantarum 1: 56, * National Botanical Institute. Private Bag X 101. 0001 Pretoria. 57. Kommisionen, Leipzig. MS. received: 2001-04-06.

ZAMIACEAE

ENCEPHAIARTOS RELICTUS: A NEW SPECIES FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA

In a continuing attempt to document biodiversity in the Strobili glabrous, scale facets smooth, light greenish African Zamiaceae, an evaluation of material from yellow. Megastrobili unknown. Microstrobili 1-3 per Swaziland (Hurter 1993) has led to the conclusion that trunk, subconical. 200-240 x 120-150 mm. stalked on there exists a distinct undescribed species, that may already peduncle 30-50 mm long. Median microsporophylls be extinct in the wild. Due to the fact that no new material spreading, more or less at right angles to axis, lamina has been forthcoming in more than 20 years it was decided oblong, tapering to base. ± 35^40 mm long. 30-35 mm that this relict species should be described for posterity. wide and 10-15 mm high, margins contracted to pedi­ cel, bulla with terminal facet projecting slightly as drooping lip-like structure, edges verrucose, microspo­ Encephalartos relictus PJ.H.Hurter. sp. nov., E. rangia separated from lateral margins. Figure 5. heenanii R.A.Dyer foliis rigidis caesiis similis. sed pinnis linearo-lanceolatis adscendentis inflexis, microsporo- phyllis ovatis tomentosis, et habitatione nemorali differt. Diagnostic features and affinities

TYPE.—Swaziland: Siteki. Farm Muti-Muti, (leaf E. relictus superficially resembles E. heenanii and part of male cone), 15-03-1971, J.J.P. du Preez s.n. R.A.Dyer (Dyer 1972), on account of its stiff waxy blue- (PRE33123, holo.). grey leaves and pinnae with the veins prominently raised abaxially. However, it differs markedly from E. Plant arborescent, suckering from base. Trunk up to heenanii in morphology, habit and habitat. E. relictus 2.5 m long, 400-450 mm diam., leaf bases persistent, used to occur in mixed deciduous woodland (Figure 6), crown and cataphylls tomentose, golden brown, becom­ whereas E. heenanii occurs in high rainfall, high alti­ ing subglabrous with age. Leaves numerous in dense, tude, sour grassland. The important morphological dif­ spreading crown, rigid, subsessile, waxy blue-grey in ferences between the two species are summarized in the colour, 1.0-1.2(—1.4) m long, pinnae ascending. Petiole following table. apparent, woolly, becoming subglabrous with age, except pulvinus. Rachis straight, woolly, becoming subglabrous with age, apex slightly incurved. Pinnae TABLE 1.— Differences between E. heenanii and E. relictus woolly, becoming glabrous with age, entire, veins E. heenanii E. relictus raised abaxially, margins slightly thickened, inflexed, directed towards apex of leaf at an angle of ± 60° to Pinnae ovate-lanceolate oblong-lanceolate rachis, opposing leaflets inflexed, set at an angle of ± markedly deflexed from inflexed rachis 40° to each other and orientated succubously, proximal Leaves inflexed, crown wine­ straight, crown spreading pinnae gradually reduced to a few prickles. Median glass-shaped leaflets oblong-lanceolate, pungent, 200-250 x 14-17 Microstrobili ovate, tomentose subconical. glabrous mm, margins entire, 20-25 prominent veins abaxially. (Figure 7)