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PORTULACACEAE Talinum Adans. Is a Medium-Sized Genus of Semi-Suc

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PORTULACACEAE Talinum Adans. Is a Medium-Sized Genus of Semi-Suc Bothalia 31,2 (2001) 195 STEDJE. B. 1996. Hyacinthaceae. In R.M. Polhill, Flora of tropical STEDJE. B. in press. Generic delimitation of Hyacinthaceae, with spe­ East Africa. Balkema, Rotterdam. cial emphasis on sub-Saharan genera. Proceedings of the 16,h STEDJE, B. 1997. Hyacinthaceae. In S. Edwards. Sebsebe Demissew AETFAT Congress, 28 August to 2 September 2000. Systematics & I. Hedberg, Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 6: 138-147. The and geography of plants 71. National Herbarium, Addis Ababa. STEDJE. B. & THULIN, M. 1995. Synopsis of Hyacinthaceae in East STEDJE. B. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships and generic delimitation and North-East Africa. Nordic Journal of Botany 15: 591-601. of sub-Saharan Scilla L. (Hyacinthaceae) and allied African STIRTON, C.H. 1976. Thuranthos: notes on generic status, morpholo­ genera as inferred from morphological and DNA sequence data. gy. phenology and pollination biology. Bothalia 12: 161-165. Plant systematics and evolution 211: 1-11. STUESSY. T.F. 1990. Plant taxonomy: the systematic evaluation of STEDJE, B. 2000. Evolutionary relationships of the genera Drimia, comparative data. Columbia University Press. New York. Thuranthos. Bowiea and Schizobasis, elucidated by morpholog­ ical and chloroplast DNA sequence data. In K.L. Wilson & D.A. B. STEDJE* Morrison. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons, Sydney, * University of Oslo, Botanical Garden and Museum, P.O. Box 1172 Australia, 1998, Vol. 1. Systematics and evolution of Monocots: Blindem. N-0318 Oslo, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] 414-417. CSIRO Publishing. Collingwood, Australia. MS. received: 2000-11-02. DENNSTAEDTIACEAE-PTEROPSIDA HYPOLEPIS VILLOSO-VISC1DA NEW TO THE FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA Recently, a Hypolepis collection from Genadendal Polypodium villoso-viscidum Thouars: 33: (1808). Type: in the Western Cape, differing from H. sparsisora Tristan d* Acunha. Aubert du Petit-Thouars s.n. (P. holo.). (Schrad.) Kuhn came to my attention. This collection differs in the distribution of hairs on the lamina, the Cheilanthes viscosa Carmich.: 511 (1818). Type: Tristan da Cunha. Carmichael s.n. (K. holo.; BM, iso.). presence of glandular and receptacular hairs, and larger stomata and spores. To determine whether the plants Specimens examined may be recent introductions and to determine the size of the population. I have subsequently visited the location. EASTERN CAPE.— 3225 (Somerset East): Somerset East. A review of herbarium collections revealed that this Boschberg. 760 m. Nov. 1875, (-DA). MacO*an 1575 (SAM). species, although scarce, also occurs elsewhere in WESTERN CAPE.— 3418 (Simonstown): Orange Kloof. W-facing South Africa, but has always been erroneously deter­ slopes. ± 220 m. 24 Nov. 2000. (-BD), Roux 3023 (NBG). 3419 mined as H. sparsisora. A morphological study showed (Caledon): Genadendal. Baviaans River, north bank alongside road that these plants are synonymous with H. villoso-visci- upstream of weir. 280 m. 2 June 2000. (-BA). Boucher 6515 (NBG): da (Thouars) Tardieu, a species also occurring on the Genadendal. Baviaans River, above 2nd weir. ± 300 m. 7 July 2000. South Atlantic island groups of Gough and Tristan da (-BA). Roux 3007, 3009, 3010, 3011 (NBG). Cunha. REFERENCES Key to the South African species of Hypolepis CARMICHAEL. D 1818. Some account of the island of Tristan da Cunha and its natural productions. Transactions of the Linnean Lamina with acicular and oblong hairs confined to axes and Society of London 12: 483-513. veins; receptacle nude; stomata 28-(37.11 )-46 (im long; TARDIEU-BLOT. M.L. 1958. Polypodiacees (sensu lato). Dennstaedti- spores 24—(29.04)-38 x 15—(19.63>—26 urn . / / . sparsisora acees-Aspidiacees. In H. Humbert. Flore de Madagascr et des Lamina with acicular and glandular hairs (rarely also oblong Comores, Fam. 5.1: 1-391. Paris. hairs) on axes, veins and lamina surfaces: receptacle THOUARS. L.M. AUBERT DU PETIT 1808. Esquisse de la flore de usually with uniseriate hairs: stomata 38-<50.33)-64 I'Isle de Tristan d ’Acunga. Paris. pm long; spores 32—(38.01 )-46 x 20-(23.95)-30 nm .. ..................................................................................H. villoso-viscida J.P. ROUX* * Compton Herbarium. National Botanical Institute. Private Bag X7. Hypolepis villoso-viscida (Thouars) Tardieu, Flore 7735 Claremont. Cape Town. de Madagascar et de Comores 5.1: 6. fig. 1. t. 3-5 (1958). MS. received: 2000-09-01. PORTULACACEAE TAUNUM PANICVLATUM. A NATURALIZED WEED IN SOUTH AFRICA Talinum Adans. is a medium-sized genus of semi-suc­ Talinum (Von Poellnitz 1934), occurring mostly in culent herbs and shrubs with annual branches sprouting Africa. Australia, parts of Asia and North and South from a perennial base with tuberous roots. These fleshy America. In the African species the pedicels are always underground parts tend to draw the attention of succulent swollen below the fruit and are more or less recurved plant collectors, who would include the plants in the when fruiting (Tolken 1969). Five species are indigenous broadly conceived group of caudiciform succulents in South Africa, restricted to summer rainfall areas (Smith et al. 1997). About 50 species are recognized in (Tolken 1969). Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. is 196 Bothalia 31,2 (2001) lic gardens in and around Pretoria and along the Western Cape coast with its Mediterranean-type climate. The plants are not easy to eradicate; although the aerial parts tend to die off in winter, the species is perennial through a thickened rhizome and fleshy roots (Figure 4). It also flowers and fruits prolifically and produces a multitude of wind-dispersed microscopic seeds that spread and germinate easily. 2406000-600 Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn., De fructibus et seminibus plantarum 2: 219, t. 128 (1791); Poelln.: 1 (1934); Adams: 267 (1972). Type: not desig­ nated. Portulaca paniculata Jacq.: 22 (1760) non L.: 640 (1762); Jacq/ 148 (1763); Jacq.: 71, t. 151 (1772-1773). Portulaca patens L.: 242 (1771); Ruclingia patens (L.) Ehrh.: 135 (1788); Helianthemoides patens (L.) Med.: 95 (1789); Talinum patens (L.) Willd.: 863 (1799); A.Gray: 265 (1895); Claytonia patens (L.) Kuntze: 56 (1891). Type: not known. T reflexum Cav.: 1, t. 1 (1791); Sims: 1.1543 (1813); Portulaca reflexa (Cav.) Haw.: 141 (1803); Claytonia reflexa (Cav.) Kuntze: 57 (1891). Type: not known. T. sarmentosum Engelm.: 153 (1850); Claytonia sarmentosa (Engelm.) Kuntze: 57 (1891); T. reflexum var. sarmentosum (Engelm.) Small: 415 (1903); T. paniculata var. sarmentosum (Engelm.) Poelln.: 123 (1933). Type: not known. For a more complete list of synonyms, see Von Poellnitz (1934: 11). Glabrous herb with annual branches developing from perennial base with tuberous roots. Stems erect, terete, up to 0.4 m long. Leaves alternate to subopposite, petiolate, glabrous, somewhat succulent; blade obovate or oblance­ olate, varying to spatulate, 40-110 x 15^45 mm, apex acute to rounded, margins entire; petiole swollen at base; exstipulate. Inflorescence terminal, panicle-like, com­ pound, dichasial, up to 450 mm long; bracteoles minute, ± 1 mm long, membranous, lanceolate, early deciduous. Flowers bisexual, star-shaped, ± 2.5 mm diam., opening FIGURE 4.— Talinum paniculatum: A, habit of plant in fmit, x 0.6; B, mid-afternoon, closing at dusk; pedicels filiform, ± 3.5 open flower as seen from above, x 5; C, flower in side view mm long. Sepals 2, opposite, green, glabrous, 1 mm with one petal removed, x 5; D, capsular fruit x 3.7; E, dissect­ long, acuminate, recurved in open flower. Petals 5, ed capsule showing multiple seeds with free-central placenta- oblong with rounded apices, spreading, pink to rose- tion, x 3.7. Artist: Marietjie Steyn. coloured, tardily deciduous from capsule. Stamens numerous, ± 1.5 mm long; filaments dorsifixed; anthers one of two alien species of Portulacaceae that has opening with slits. Ovary superior, spherical, 1 mm become naturalized in the flora of southern Africa diam., unilocular, multi-ovular, placentation free-central; (Jordaan 1997). This report forms part of ongoing efforts style terete, articulating at base; stigma with 3 spatulate to document, describe and illustrate naturalized succu­ lobes. Capsule spherical, 2.5 mm diam., thin-walled, lents in southern Africa. bright orange when young, turning to brown during ripening, opening with 3 longitudinal slits. Seeds numer­ Known as ‘American star-flowers’ or ‘pink star-flow­ ous, lens-shaped, 0.8-0.9 mm long, short-beaked with ers’, T. paniculatum is native to the plains from Texas to small, white aril at hilum, seed coat shiny black, tuber- Arizona, south and central Florida, Mexico, the West culate. Figure 4. Chromosome number unknown. Indies and South America (Gray 1895; Von Poellnitz Flowering time: September to April. 1934). Its occurrence in Sri Lanka and in Malaysia (Singapore), Indonesia (Java), Thailand and China, prob­ Vouchers: Barker 4439 (PRE); Barrett 333 (PRE); Pegler 1587 ably resulted from early cultivation and a subsequent (PRE); G.F. Smith & E.M.A. Steyn 4 (PRE). escape into the wild (Von Poellnitz 1934). In South Illustrations: Jacq.: t. 151 (1772-1773) as P. paniculata; Cav.: t.l Africa, the species was recorded about thirty years ago as (1791), as T. reflexum; Sims: t. 1543 (1813), as T. reflexum. a garden escape in a few places, but did not then seem to spread as a weed (Tolken 1969). It has since become Common names: American star-flower (Von Poellnitz established as a troublesome weed in domestic and pub­ 1934: 1) or pink star-flower (Gray 1895). Bothalia 31,2 (2001) 197 REFERENCES LINNAEUS. C. 1762. Species plantarum. Vol. 1, edn 2: 640. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm. ADAMS, C.D. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica: 267. University LINNAEUS. C. 1771. Mantissa plantarum: 242. (1961 Facsimile). Press, Glasgow. Cramer. Weinheim. CAVAN1LLES, A.J. 1791. Talinum reflexum. leones et descriptiones MEDIKUS. F.K. 1789. Philosophische Botanik 1: 95. Neue Hof- und plantarum 1: 1, t. 1. (Reprint 1965). Cramer, New York. Akademische Buchhandlungen. Mannheim. EHRHART. J.F. 1788. Beitrdge zur Naturkunde 3: 135.
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