Chovgan – a Game for Courageous Ones

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Chovgan – a Game for Courageous Ones Chovgan – a game for courageous ones Chovgan – a game for courageous ones Need of Urgent Safeguarding at the territory of today’s Azerbaijan in request of Azerbaijan. the first millennium AD. Specially Historians believe that this trained small, fast horses, mostly game, which is made up of a se- bred in Karabakh, were used for it. quence of successive rapid attacks An image of the game was found and violent counter-attacks, could on a vessel discovered by archae- only come from a nomadic people ologists near the ancient city of whose riders were able to mas- Beylagan. It is mentioned in Nizami’s terfully wield a horse - the ancient poem “Khosrov and Shirin” and in Turks. Its aim was to drive a ball the epic “Kitabi Dada Gorgud”, while made from the roots of a willow its episodes were captured by Azer- or woven leather belts in the oppo- baijani masters of miniature from n 2013, the traditional equestrian nent’s goal with the help of a long the famous Tabriz school. Igame on Karabakh horses – chov- shepherd’s staff – the chomag. The first chovgan match record- gan, which is the ancestor of modern Judging by numerous pieces of ed in the chronicles took place in th polo, was inscribed in the UNESCO documentary evidence, chovgan the 12 century in Baghdad. By that List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in was already very popular in the moment, many Eastern rulers were www.irs-az.com 68 Le tchovgan, un jeu pour les intrépides Le tchovgan, un jeu pour les intrépides n 2013, le jeu du tchovgan, largement répandu, dès le premier lagan; il est également mentionné Epratiqué sur des chevaux ka- millénaire de notre ère, sur le ter- dans le poème de Nizami Ganja- rabakhs et qui est l’ancêtre du ritoire de l’Azerbaïdjan actuel. Les vi «Khosrov et Shirine» et dans polo moderne, a été inscrit, sur joueurs montaient des petits che- l’épopée «Kitabi Dédé Gorgud»,des proposition de l’Azerbaïdjan, dans vaux lestes et spécialement entraî- fragments en figurent sur des mi- la Liste du patrimoine culturel im- niaturistes azerbaïdjanais de la fa- matériel de l’UNESCO. meuse école de Tebriz. Les historiens sont persuadés Le premier match de tchovgan que ce jeu, dans lequel se suc- mentionné dans les chroniques s’est cèdent quasi instantanément at- déroulé au XIIe siècle à Bagdad. À taques fulgurantes et furieuses l’époque, de nombreux princes orien- contre-attaques, ne pouvait naître taux se passionnaient pour ce jeu, que chez les anciens Turcs, passés qui gagna par la suite l’Inde, avant maîtres dans l’art de diriger leurs que les Anglais le fassent connaître chevaux. Pour gagner, il fallait en Europe et en Amérique. pousser dans les buts adverses, Cependant, comme c’est sou- avec un long bâton de berger – le vent le cas en histoire, le jeu sous tchomakh -, une boule formée de sa forme originelle a été peu à peu racines de saule ou de courroies nés qui provenaient le plus souvent oublié, même si son héritier, le polo de cuir enchevêtrées. du Karabakh. Une représentation équestre, a été inclus en 1900 au À en juger d’après les nom- de ce jeu s’est conservée sur un programme des Jeux Olympiques. breux témoignages documentaires vase trouvé par les archéologues Mais il a quand même su renaître, conservés, le tchovgan était déjà près de la ville ancienne de Bey- d’abord au Karabakh puis, en 2006, 69 www.irs-az.com Chovgan – a game for courageous ones This is easy to judge from the crowds of fans who gather at each game. Everyone wants to admire skilful riders on beautiful horses, who are passionate about the game no less than riders. Although all par- ticipants want to win the competi- tion, in their opinion, it cannot be achieved by injuring horses. Unfortunately, despite the efforts that have been made in Azerbaijan, the problem of preserving chovgan has still not been completely solved as the game is isolated from the places where it has always been especially popular and where a spe- cial breed of horses has been tradi- tionally cultivated, i.e. Karabakh. This fond of chovgan. And then it was regions of the country. In Septem- thorny issue was inscribed on the th mastered in India, from where it mi- ber 2013, Baku hosted a world polo agenda of the 8 session of the In- grated to Europe and America later championship. During the competi- tergovernmental Committee for the with the help of the British. tion, a demonstration match was Safeguarding of the Intangible Cul- However, as has often happened held between a polo team and an tural Heritage, which took place on in history, the game was gradually Azerbaijani chovgan team. Chov- 3 December 2013. The threat of the forgotten in its original form, al- gan tournaments are still held in disappearance of the ancient eques- though its modification – polo - en- many districts of Azerbaijan. trian game on Karabakh horses was tered the list of Olympic disciplines The difference between chovgan evaluated by participants in the in 1900. In Soviet times, chovgan and polo is the absence of strict session so seriously that Chovgan, competitions were held in Karabakh rules governing the size of the field, a traditional Karabakh horse-riding and other regions of Azerbaijan. the number of participants and their game in the Republic of Azerbaijan, They were regularly inscribed in actions, and the stature and breed was added to the UNESCO List of various republican and national fes- of horses. Chovgan is a national Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need tivities. In Karabakh, this game was game, and everyone, i.e. those who of Urgent Safeguarding. popular up until the 1980s. know and love horses may form a You should definitely see chov- And nevertheless, it revived. The team. So, first of all, it is peasants gan. By the beauty of the sight of new history of this ancient game and shepherds. A match can be ar- riders rushing to attack the goal of began in 2000 when they started ranged on the village football field, the rival and by the excitement that talking about the need to revive and even in the meadow. The main overwhelms the players and fans, lit- it, and in 2006, a tournament was thing is have the desire. tle can compare with chovgan. This held for the President’s Cup, which By the way, chovgan did not ancient game must be preserved for was attended by teams from eight become less spectacular from this. our future generations. www.irs-az.com 70 Le tchovgan, un jeu pour les intrépides au chef-lieu de district de Shekhi, où, foot de village, et même sur une épineuse a été portée à l’ordre du avec le soutien du ministère de la prairie. Il suffit d’en décider ainsi. jour de la 8e session de la Com- Culture et du Tourisme de la Répu- D’ailleurs, le jeu n’en est pas mission intergouvernementale de blique d’Azerbaïdjan, se déroula un moins spectaculaire pour autant. protection du patrimoine culturel tournoi de tchovgan pour la Coupe Pour s’en convaincre, il suffit de immatériel de l’humanité, qui s’est du Président de l’Azerbaïdjan, au- voir les foules de supporters qu’at- tenue le 3 décembre 2013. Les par- quel participèrent des équipes ve- tire chaque rencontre. Tous veulent ticipants à cette session prirent nant de huit des districts du pays. admirer les hardis cavaliers, les su- tellement au sérieux le risque d’une Désormais de telles compétitions perbes chevaux qui se prennent au disparition de ce vieux jeu équestre se tiennent régulièrement, et un jeu tout autant que leurs maîtres. utilisant des chevaux karabakhs nombre croissant de participants y Et aussi fort que puisse être le désir que le tchovgan a été inscrit au brûlent d’en découdre. de vaincre des joueurs, ils évitent patrimoine culturel immatériel de Ce qui distingue principalement toujours les coups à leurs montures. l’humanité de l’UNESCO. le tchovgan du polo est l’absence Malheureusement, en dépit de Il vaut la peine d’assister à un de règles strictes fixant les dimen- tous les efforts déployés en Azer- match de tchovgan. On imagine sions du terrain, le nombre et les baïdjan, le problème de la sauve- mal un autre sport qui pourrait ri- actions des participants, la taille et garde du tchovgan n’est toujours valiser avec le tchovgan pour les la race des chevaux. Le tchovgan pas définitivement résolu, en rai- assauts acharnés lancés contre est un jeu populaire ouvert à tous son de l’impossibilité d’accéder aux les buts de l’adversaire, pour la ceux qui connaissent et aiment les lieux où il était le mieux implanté passion qui s’empare des joueurs chevaux. Donc aux paysans et aux et où l’on élevait traditionnellement comme des spectateurs. Ce jeu bergers. Et la compétition peut se une race spéciale de chevaux – à antique doit être conservé pour dérouler sur un simple terrain de savoir le Karabakh. Cette question nos descendants. 71 www.irs-az.com.
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