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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA OPEN FILE 1769
GEOLOGY OF URANIUM AND ASSOCIATED ELEMENTS IN NEW BRUNSWICK
H.H. HASSAN, W.E. HALE AND M. CHRZANOWSKI Ecological and Resources Consultants Ltd.
Canada Natural Resources and Energy Ressources naturelles et Energie New Brunswick Nouveau-Brunswick
Contribution to Canada-New Brunswick Mineral Development Agreement 1984-89, a subsidiary agreement under the Economic and Regional Development Agreement. Project funded by the Geological Survey of Canada.
Contribution a 1'Entente auxiliaire Canada/Nouveau-Brunswick sur 1 'exploitation minerale 1984-89 faisant partie de 1'Entente de de'veloppement e'conomique et regional. Ce projet a ete finance par la Commission ge'ologique du Canada.
Energy, Mines and Energie, Mines et 1*1 Resources Canada Ressources Canada GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA OPEN FILE 1769
GEOLOGY OF URANIUM AND ASSOCIATED ELEMENTS IN NEW BRUNSWICK
by
H.H. HASSAN, W.E. HALE AND M. CHRZANOWSKI Ecological and Resources Consultants Ltd.
1987
Note: This interim report has not undergone the customary Geological Survey review and editorial process. - u -
ABSTRACT
Eighty-two uranium occurrences have been identified in New Brunswick. Most of the data describing these occurrences is contained within assessment reports by claim holders to the provincial Department of Natural Resources and Energy. Additional information is contained within publications of the Geological Survey of Canada and in university theses.
Seven metallogenic uraniferous domains are identified in New Brunswick: the Gaspe Synclinorium, Aroostook-Matapedia Anticlinorium, Chaleur Bay Synclinorium, Miramichi Anticlinorium, Fredericton Trough, Avalonian Platform and the Carboniferous Basin. Of these seven domains, the Miramichi Anticlinorium, Fredericton Trough and the Carboniferous Basin appear to be the most promising.
The uranium occurrences in New Brunswick are preferentially associated with the Devono-Carboniferous rocks and appear to be related to deformational, magmatic and hydrothermal processes associated with the Acadian Orogeny. - Ill -
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This study, 'Geology of Uranium and Associated Elements in New Brunswick' was carried out as a contract by Ecological and Resources Consultants Ltd. of Fredericton, N.B. with the Department of Supply and Services, Hull, Quebec, as part of the Mineral Development Agreement between the provincial and federal governments. - IV-
LIST OF CONTENTS
PAGE Abstract ii Acknowledgements iii List of Contents iv List of Illustrations vii
1.0.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1.0 Objectives of the Investigation 1 1.2.0 Methods of Investigation 1 1.3.0 Previous Investigations 1 1.4.0 Nature and Limitation of Results 3
2.0.0 RADIOACTIVITY, RADIOACTIVE DISEQUILIBRIUM AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF URANIUM 4 2.1.0 Radioactivity and Radioactive Disequilibrium 4 2.2.0 Radioactive Disequilibrium in the Rocks of New Brunswick 4 2.3.0 Geochemistry of Uranium 5 2.3.1 General Statement 5 2.3.2 Uranium in Soils 5 2.3.3 Uranium in Aqueous Solutions 5 2.3.4 Uranium in Igneous Rocks 6 2.3.4A Plutonic Rocks 6 2.3.4B Volcanic Rocks 7 2.3.5 Uranium in Sedimentary Rocks 7 2.3.6 Uranium in Metamorphic Rocks 8
3.0.0 GENERAL GEOLOGY OF URANIUM 9 3.1.0 World Distribution and Production of Uranium 9 3.2.0 Canadian Distribution and Production of Uranium 10 3.3.0 Uranium Provinces and Epochs 10 3.4.0 Relationship between Felsic Igneous Rocks and Metallogenic Provinces 10 - V-
4.0.0 GENERAL GEOLOGY OF NEW BRUNSWICK 11 4.1.0 General Statement 11 4.2.0 Lithotectonic Zones of New Brunswick 11 4.2.1 Gaspe Synclinorium 11 4.2.2 Aroostook-Matapedia Anticlinorium 11 4.2.3 Chaleur-Bay Synclinorium 12 4.2.4 Miramichi Anticlinorium 12 4.2.5 Fredericton Trough 12 4.2.6 Avalonian Platform 12 4.2.7 Carboniferous Basin 12 4.3.0 Igneous Intrusions 13 4.4.0 Evolution of the New Brunswick Appalachian Orogeny 14 4.5.0 Economic Potential 14
5.0.0 URANIUM METALLOGENESIS, NEW BRUNSWICK 15 5.1.0 General Statement 15 5.2.0 New Brunswick Uranium Deposit Types 15 5.2.1 Sedimentary Rock Type 15 5.2.2 Volcaniclastic Sedimentary Rock Type 15 5.2.3 Felsic Volcanic Rock Type 16 5.2.4 Magmatic Rock Type 16 5.2.5 Metamorphic Rock Type 16 5.2.6 Vein Type 16 5.2.7 Soil and/or Stream Sediments 16 5.3.0 Uraniferous Domains of New Brunswick 16 5.3.1 Aroostook-Matapedia Anticlinorium Domain 17 5.3.2 Chaleur-Bay Synclinorium Domain 17 5.3.3 Miramichi Anticlinorium Domain 17 5.3.4 Fredericton Trough Domain 18 5.3.5 Carboniferous Basin Domain 19 5.4.0 Uranium Occurrences in New Brunswick and their Temporal and Spatial Distribution 20 5.5.0 Conceptual Models for Uranium Concentration in Selected Areas in New Brunswick 20 5.5.1 General Statement 20 5.5.2 Uranium Concentration in the Moncton Subbasin 20 5.5.3 Uranium Concentration in the Mississippian Volcanic Rocks of Harvey Station Area 21 5.5.4 Uranium Concentration in the Long Lake Area 22 - VI -
6.0.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND GUIDELINES FOR FUTURE INVESTIGATIONS 23 6.1.0 Summary and Conclusions 23 6.2.0 Guidelines for Future Investigations 23 REFERENCES 24
APPENDIX I: GEOLOGY OF URANIUM AND ASSOCIATED ELEMENTS IN NEW BRUNSWICK 40 - Vll-
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Tables 1. Major uranium deposits and their distribution in time
Figures 1. Uraniferous domains of New Brunswick 2. Metallogenesis of New Brunswick uranium occurrences 3. The 238U decay series 4. Distribution of uranium resources by deposit type 5. Distribution of world uranium resources in geological time 6. Lithotectonic map of New Brunswick 7. A generalized stratigraphic table for the lithotectonic zones of New Brunswick 8. Airborne gamma-ray survey of uranium in New Brunswick and its relationship to the inferred uraniferous domains 9. Conceptual model for uranium concentration in the Moncton Subbasin 10. Conceptual model for uranium concentration in the Harvey Station area 11. Conceptual model for uranium concentration in the Long Lake area SECTION ONE INTRODUCTION
1.1.0 Objectives of the Investigation uranium concentration in order to outline new areas of potential exploration interest. The objectives of this investigation are: A total of eighty-two uranium occurrences were 1) to complement present assessment of Canadian reviewed in this investigation. With these resources of uranium and associated elements occurrences, the inferred types of mineralization, 2) to provide information concerning the status of metal and mineral associations, host rock geology exploration in New Brunswick for uranium and and structure, alteration and exploration techniques the elements with which it is commonly used in their evaluation were also reviewed and associated and guidance for further exploration summarized (Appendix I) in this report. 3) to delineate environments within New The uranium occurrences in New Brunswick Brunswick favourable for the occurrence of were plotted on a 1:500,000 structural map of New uranium deposits ancl associated elements Brunswick (modified after Fyffe et al.. 1982). Later, the uranium occurrences (Fig. 1) were divided into 4) to prepare a basis for future detailed seven distinctive metallogenic uraniferous domains lithostratigraphical, structural, mineralogical (the Gaspe Synclinorium, Aroostook-Matapedia and geochemical analysis of uranium and Anticlinorium, Chaleur-Bay Synclinorium, associated elements in New Brunswick Miramichi Anticlinorium, Fredericton Trough, 5) to develop conceptual genetic models for Avalonian Platform and the Carboniferous Basin) various types of deposits that contain uranium according to the lithotectonic zones of New and associated elements. Brunswick described previously by Rodgers (1971), Ruitenberg etal. (1977) and Fyffe etal. (1981). A generalized metallogenic chart for the New 1.2.0 Methods of Investigation Brunswick uranium occurrences was also prepared As a result of active uranium exploration in New to illustrate the relation of these occurrences with Brunswick, particularly in the seventies, a large the lithotectonic settings, geologic age of their host amount of data (published and unpublished) was rocks, metamorphism, volcanism and intrusive compiled by the New Brunswick Department of activities (Fig. 2). Natural Resources and Energy, the Geological The occurrences were indexed by Survey of Canada and other organizations. M. Chrzanowski on a special format 'CANMINDEX1 This published and unpublished data was provided by the Geological Survey of Canada for this reviewed, reorganized systematically, and analysed purpose and submitted separately from this report to in the context of uranium metallogenesis in the the Geological Survey of Canada. Province. The goal of this metallogenetic study was to provide an improved assessment of the uranium resource potential and genetic interpretations of 1.3.0 Previous Investigations uranium occurrences in New Brunswick. Radioactive minerals were first discovered in The approach followed in this study is to some New Brunswick in 1953 (Gross, 1957) at Shippegan degree, according to the guidelines outlined by Island, Hampton, Shediac River and Harvey Station Ruzicka (1982). These guidelines include: a) the (Fig. 1). These discoveries led federal and provincial general description of geological features associated agencies and several exploration companies to with the uranium occurrences, b) establishment of oxplore for uranium in the province. An extensive conceptual models for various types of uranium search for uranium started in 1975, following the deposits and, c) the interpretation of favourable signing of the Federal-Provincial Uranium geological, jjeochemical and geophysical features for Reconnaissance Program (URp). The initial phase of this program involved airborne gamma-ray spectrometric traverses in 1976, over New Brunswick (except for the area underlain by the and Shediac. A new anomalous uranium occurrence Carboniferous Basin! at five kilometres line-spacing. was also located in the Cape Tormentine area by this Results of this survey were released by the well survey. Geological Survey of Canada in the spring of 1977. Uranium mineralization was discovered nt the Later, extensive foiiow-up including: ground Lake George antimony mine (Fig. 1) by V. Ruzicka gamma-ray spectrometric surveys (e.g., Chandra, and H.E. Dunsmore of the Geological Survey of 1981; Ford, 1982 and Hassan, 1984), lake and stream Canada (Ruzicka and Littlejohn, 1981). There, sediment surveys and water sampling for uranium occurs as fracture filling associated with geochemical analysis of uranium (e.g., Austria, the quartz-stibnite veh.s in Silurian shale, 1976-1979) were carried out. gr^ywacke and quartzite that are intruded by Several other reconnaissance and detailed Devonian granitic rocks of the Pokiok I?atholith. investigations, including geophysics and The uranium minerals recognized were uranoan geochemistry have been carried out by the personnel hydrocarbon (a thorium-free mixture of hydrocarbon, of the New Brunswick Department of Natural pitchblende, coffinite and iron oxides), coffinite. Resources and Energy, the Geological Survey of pitchblende and thucholite (Ruzicka and Littlejohn. Canada, the University of New Brunswick and 1981). numerous exploration companies. Field investigations of the airborne gamma-ray In these investigations, several favourable areas spectrometric maps and profiles by K.L. Ford of the for uranium mineralization were delineated. These Geological Survey of Canada during parts of the included: the Devonian/Mississippian granitic rocks 1977 and 1980, field sessions indicate that major of the Miramichi Anticlinorium, the regional radioelement anomalies in New Brunswick Devonian/Mississippian granitic rocks of Eastern are related to felsic igneous rocks (Ford, 1982). The Charlotte Pluton and the Mississippian felsic maximum concentration of uranium is associated volcanic and volcanogenic sedimentary rocks of the with the younger (Devonian/Mississippian) and Harvey Station and Mount Pleasant areas and the highly differentiated (two-mica) phases of the sedimentary rocks of the Carboniferous Basin granites. The same conclusion was reached by (Fig. 1). Chandra (1981) where he identified uranium favourability indices from the aeroradiometric data In an attempt to locate uranium deposits similar using the formulas of Saunder (1978). to those discovered in the Colorado Plateau, USA ('roll-front' sandstone-type), A.Y. Smith (1968) of the Uranium distribution in southwestern New Geological Survey of Canada analysed stream Brunswick was investigated in detail by Hassan sediment samples for their uranium contents in the (1984), using in-situ gamma-ray spectrometry. This Carboniferous rocks of the Moncton Subbasin investigation revealed that post-Acadian rocks have, (Fig. 1). These rocks have striking similarities with in general, higher uranium content than pre- rocks of the Colorado Plateau uranium districts Acadian rocks and that urinium concentrations in which suggested that some uranium potential may the Devonian to Carboniferous granite of the exist in New Brunswick Carboniferous Basin as well. Charlotte Pluton and Mississippian rhyoli'.ic rocks at Results of this survey indicated the presence of Harvey Station are of potential economic interest. anomalous uranium in stream sediments, Vein-type uranium mineralization was discovered particularly over areas underlain by rocks of the during this study in the granitic rocks of Eastern Windsor Group. The Windsor Group comprises Charlotte Pluton near Welsford (Fig. 1). It was marine limestone and evaporites and is overlain by suggested by Hassan (1984) that supergene and conglomerate and red sandstone. A thin rhyolitic hydrothermal processes were active in the eastern ash bed lies at the base of the Windsor Group and is end of the Eastern Charlotte Pluton and these were probably similar in age to those rhyolites of Harvey responsible for redistributing uranium after it had Station which contain significant uranium (Smith, been initially concentrated by magmatic 1968). Dyck et al. (1976) conducted reconnaissance differentiation. The uraniferous Eastern Charlotte well water analyses for U, Rn, He, F, CH4, Zn, Cu, Pluton is chemically, geologically and geophysically Pb, Mn, Fe, pH, conductivity and alkalinity over similar to other uraniferous granites in the U.S.A. large areas. According to these authors, chemical and Europe (Hassan 1984). reaction cells (or roll-fronts) similar to those observed in the uranium mining districts of Colorado In 1985, D.V. Venugopal compiled and up-graded and Wyoming were identified. Most of the uranium data on 52 uranium occurrences in New Brunswick anomalies detected in this latter survey were located (Venugopal, 1985). His compilation served as a at the edge of the Moncton Subbasin around background for this study. previously known occurrences such as Jordan Mountain, Dee Brook, Havelock, Lutes Mountain 1.4.0 Nature and Limitation of Results largely based on assessment data in the files of the - , , , . , New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources Results of the present study reveal in general and E THs data varies considerablv in age; that New Brunswick is favourable for uranium u and tit among the occurrences. This concentration associated in some deposits with t must therefore be considered a current varying amounts of Cu, Pb, Zn, Mo, Sn, W, Ag, Sb compilation and Au. The most promising areas for economic uranium concentration appear to be within the The 1:500,000 scale 'Uraniferous Domains' map Miramichi Anticlinorium, Fredericton Trough and of New Brunswick, and the 'Uranium Metallogenic' the Carboniferous Basin. chart, prepared for the present report summarize _,,..,_,. . , . . present knowledge on uranium and associated Only limited field work was done m suppor of £lements in the province. results compiled and reported here. The report is 240
URANIUM DECAY SERIES
QJ 230W
00 220- in
210-
80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 ATOMIC NUMBER
23 8 Fig. 3. The U decay series (modified after Rieppo,1978) SECTION TWO RADIOACTIVITY RADIOACTIVE DISEQUILIBRIUM AND
GEOCHEMISTRY OF URANIUM
2.1.0 Radioactivity and Radioactive Disequilibrium in the 238U decay series (Fig. 3) Disequilibrium often occurs because decay products in the series have different chemical and physical properties from Radioactivity was observed as early as 1867, the parent 238U and each other. This leads to the when Niepce de Saint-Victor noticed fogging of fractionation of the daughters from the parent. The photographic silver chloride emulsions by uranium main causes of 238 u decay series disequilibrium are salt&. He reported that blackening of the emulsions the following: occurred even when they were separated from the uranium salts by thin sheets of paper. He did not 1) Leaching of 234U relative to 238U in nature recognize the true cause of the blackening; but, this (Cherdynstev, 1971) was later identified as radioactivity by Marie Curie 2) Severe disequilibrium in the uranium decay in 1898. Radioactivity is used to detect uranium 222 distribution in nature. The radioactivity measured series is caused by Rn migration by the gamma ray spectrometer is actually that 3) Preferential leaching of uranium relative to the 4 emitted by bismuth (2l Bi) a daughter product of the immobile daughter product 234Th uranium decay series (Fig. 3). Bismuth has a 2 distinctive gamma ray emission which is easier to 4) Separation of 226Ra from the 38U decay series by detect than emissions from other members of the groundwater leaching and transportation. series. Uranium contents determined in this manner are reported as uranium 'equivalent' (eU) to bismuth, assuming the series to be in equilibrium, 2.2.0 Radioactive Disequilibrium in the Rocks i.e., that all members of the series are present in of New Brunswick amounts dependent only on disintegration without Uranium values presented in this report are any gains or losses of members by other means such mainly determined by using radiometric techniques as solution, gas escape etc. from the original mineral on samples in which disequilibrium is encountet ed, host. and unreliable estimates of uranium are likely in The problem facing uranium explorationists many cases. Unfortunately, the problem of when assaying uranium in nature by using radioactive disequilibrium is not considered, or even radiometric methods, is that erroneous estimates of estimated in most other investigations. However, it uranium will be obtained when nonradiogenic gains is of interest to give a general background on the or losses of some members has occurred. The series is status of uranium equilibrium in the rocks of New then said to be in disequilibrium. Brunswick. In any rock that has remained a closed chemical Chandra (1981) has analysed 90 rock samples system for a sufficient amount of time (about 5 x 105 (from various rock types) in New Brunswick for years for the 238U series) the radioactive equilibrium uranium by using both in-situ gamma-ray condition is attained. spectrometry and neutron activation analysis and obtained a correlation coefficient of 0.72 between the Equilibrium is established in a radioactive series uranium values measured by the two techniques. when all the daughter products decay at the same Chandra relates this discrepancy in uranium rate as that at which they are produced. If, for some measurement, in part to radioactive disequilibrium reason all or part of one or more of the daughters or in the uranium decay series. parents is lost from the system, the series will be in a state of disequilibrium, and the radioactivity of 214Bi Laboratory analyses by gamma-ray will not correspond to the amount of uranium spectrometry and delayed neutron counting were present in the rocks. carried out by Ford (1982) on rock samples collected in New Brunswick, in an attempt to test for the possibility of disequilibrium between elemental uranium and equivalent uranium. For 54 rock igneous rocks contain higher uranium than those analyses. Ford noticed a good correlation between developed on mafic igneous rocks. elemental uranium and equivalent uranium on an average basis which was attributed to radioactive Humic constituents of soils are the most effective equilibrium in uranium on a regional basis. trapping agents for uranium in natural waters (Xash However, considerable disequilibrium was detected etal.,1981). on the local scale (outcrop scale). Radioactive equilibrium is considered to be 2.3.3 Uranium in Aqueous Solutions attained within the fresh rocks of southwestern .New Brunswick (Hassan, 1984). However, Hassan has The uranium content of natural terrestrial suggested that disequilibrium is widespread in rock waters is small (0.2ppb) and in waters leaching samples exhibiting weathering, alteration and vein uraniferous zones it ranges from 1 to lOppb (Boyle, mineralization. 1982). For streams and ground waters in contact with uranium deposits a value of 50ppb or more is In summary, it appears that secular radioactive reported (Boyle, 1982), especially in those waters equilibrium in the uranium series has, in general, rich in sulphate, chloride, nitrate, carbonate, prevailed for rocks of New Brunswick on a regional phosphate, or humic matter. Uranium content of scale and in fresh rock samples. However, a groundwater is generally greater than that of deviation from this equilibrium exists locally surface waters in the same terrane. particularly in weathered, altered and veined samples. Therefore, to avoid the disequilibrium Uranium moves in solution usually as the uranyl problem in rocks of New Brunswick it is necessary to ion. In pure water, uranium exists in the form of 1) collect fresh samples, 2) increase the sampling uranyl and uranous ions and their hydrates (Lisiten, density and 3) collect samples from all portions of the 1962; Dongarra, 1984). In solutions, uranium outcrop to avoid clustering samples. persists as uranyl ion and forms complexes with fluoride, chloride, phosphate, sulphates, carbonates and silicates (Naumov, 1961: Dyck, 1975; Langmuir, 1978a, 1978b). 2.3.0 Geochemistry of Uranium In hydrothermal solutions, uranium is mainly 2.3.1 General Statement transported in the form of a carbonate (Naumov, Uranium has three naturally occurring 1959; Romberger, 1984). This is indicated by the radioactive isotopes; 238U, 235U and 234{j with presence of CO2 in most uranium-bearing relative natural abundances of 99.274, 0.720 and hydrothermal solutions and in the high solubility of 0.006 respectively (Dongarra, 1984). Of the five U(VI) in carbonated, aqueous solutions. Oxidation valence states of uranium, U(II), U(III), U(IV), U(V) (i.e., hematitization) of host rocks and the absence of and U(VI), only the tetravalent and hexavalent thorium minerals from hydrothermal uranium states are of geologic importance. dpposits suggest that uranium is transported in solution in the hexavalent form and reduced only at Uranium is a lithophile element. Because of its the time of deposition. large ionic size and high charge it is incompatible within the lattices of most abundant rock- forming Under acidic conditions, the most abundant minerals of the earth's mantle and hence is strongly complexes are: uranium hydroxides and oxides partitioned into any residual liquid phases during (Carpenter et ai. 1979); uranium sulphates (Dyck, crystallization of magma. 1978) and uranium fluorides (Langmuir, 1978b). Phosphate, and humic complexes are important under near neutral conditions (Langmuir, 1978b). 2.3.2 Uranium in Soils Silicate complexes, are predominant in neutral solutions (Dyck, 1975; Carpenter et al.. 1979: Soyer, The uranium content of soils is highly variable. 1984). It ranges from less than lppm to 8ppm for normal soils with an average of about lppm (Boyle, 1982). In Under reducing conditions, uranium is uraniferous areas values as high as 50ppm were precipitated as primary uranium minerals. The detected (Boyle, 1982). In normal soils the uranium uranous minerals formed tend to be black or brown content in the C horizon is, in general, higher than in in colour and are variably metamict (Hutchinson and the A horizon. In residual soils, the uranium content Blackwell, 1984). The most important uranous is dependent essentially on the type of parent rock. minerals are uraninite, pitchblende and coffinite. For instance, residual soils developed on felsic Under oxidizing conditions, uranium is precipitated as secondary uranium minerals. The uranyl minerals formed tend to be bright yellow, red, orange or green. The most common uranyl minerals crystallization. Therefore such rocks as the include autunite, torbernite and uranophane. nepheline syenite of the Ilimaussaq Complex of South Greenland, contain high 214Bi) uranium (as The precipitation of uranium from aqueous much as 0.1 wt. % uranium). solutions requires a process of reduction or adsorption. Important reducing mechanisms that Confining pressure at the time of magmatic may cause the precipitation of uranium from crystallization may affect the concentration of solutions include: a) addition of H2S or HS- from uranium in igneous rocks. Carpenter et al. (1979) sulphide minerals to the solution, b) degradation of have pointed out that at pressures below 1.5 kilobars organic matter or natural gas, c) the oxidation of uranium is usually released during devolatilization ferrous to ferric iron in sulphide minerals in and concentrated in hydrothermal solutions. At adjoining rocks and d) methane or carbon dioxide pressures of 5.0 to 10.0 kilobars, however, alkali and reduction by the action of decaying organic matter or silica remain in very hydrous residual solutions to oxidation of graphite. Uranium precipitation can form pegmatites which may be uraniferous if the also be carried out by bacterial fixation, rapid original magma was enriched with uranium. pressure loss accompanied by CO2 boiling, and by rapid temperature or pressure decreases that result Recently, attempts have been made to in saturation of the solution. distinguish between the characteristics o( uraniferous and nonuraniferous granites. Darnley Adsorption has a significant role in the (1982) has used the term 'uraniferous granite' for accumulation of uranium from solutions. Among the those granites that contain at least twice as much minerals which have a strong adsorptive capacity for uranium as the average granite (more than 8.0ppm uranium are illites, goethite, hematite, rutile, U). The term 'uraniferous' does not necessarily ilmenite, leucoxene and zeolites, as well as organic indicate the presence of separate uranium minerals compounds. in such granites. It was suggested by Moreau (1976), on the basis of his investigations of the plutonic rocks of the 2.3.4 Uranium in Igneous Rocks Massif Central, France, that uraniferous granites 2.3.4A. Plutonic Rocks have S-type characteristics (generated by anatexis of aluminous sediments): peraluminous, high silica: The association of uranium with granitic rocks is high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio and low ferric iron. Plant well known. It is mainly due to the increase in the etal. (1980), on the other hand, indicated that in the content of uranium with increasing silica content British Isles the distinctions between uraniferous reflected in an increase in the differentiation index. and nonuraniferous granites on the basis of being S- A positive correlation between SiC>2 content and or I-type (the latter generated from melts of pre- uranium abundance was found by Tilling and existing igneous rocks) are not clear cut. Moreover, Gottfried (1969) for rocks of the calc-alkaline many uraniferous granites have some S-type Boulder Batholith, Montana. A closer correlation characteristics as a result of near-surface water- was observed when uranium is plotted against the magma interaction and are probably modified I-type 'Peacock index' (the weight percentage of S1O2 at granites. which the weight percentages of CaO and (Na20 + Studies of uraniferous and non-uraniferous K2O) are equal). It appears from the data cited in the granites of France (e.g, Moreau, 1976), and Britain literature that the abundance of uranium is higher (e.g. Simpson et al.. 1979; Plant et al.. 1980; for rocks of lower 'Peacock index'. For instance, Hennessy, 1981; Halliday, 1981), Ireland (O'Connor, uranium content is higher in the Boulder Batholith 1981); east Greenland (Steenfelt, 1982), eastern (calc-alkaline) than in the Southern California U.S.A. (Rogers et al. 1978) and Colorado, U.S.A. Batholith (calcic). (Howarth et al.. 1981) have resulted in the Volatile components of a magma (particularly F identification of significant structural, and CD play an important role in uranium mineralogical, petrological, geochemical and concentration. Magmas that have retained their geophysical criteria that distinguish uraniferous volatiles tend to retain uranium (Nishimori et al.. granites from non-uraniferous granites. A 1977). Therefore, high uranium concentrations in compilation of these criteria from these several late differentiated rocks usually correlate positively studies follows: with the content of volatiles. Sorenson (1977) has A- Structural criteria: reported that peralkaline magmas, particularly 3.1.0 World Distribution and Production of developed during a world-wide orogenic period about Uranium 1800-1600 m.y. ago. Uranium ores occur in clay, sericite, and chlorite masses at the unconformity and According to the OECD/IAEA 'Joint Steering along intersecting faults, in clay-altered basement Group on Uranium Resources', meeting in Paris in rocks and kaolinized cover rocks (Tremblay 1982). 1978, the world's major uranium resources can be These deposits are of high tonnage and grade and assigned on the basis of their geological setting to the represent about 50 percent of current uranium following six ore types: reserves in Canada and about 15 percent of world's a) Quartz-pebble conglomerate (placer) deposits current uranium reserves. b) Proterozoic unconformity-related deposits c) Magmatic deposits c) Magmatic deposits Magmatic deposits include those associated with granites, migmatites, syenites, pegmatites, and d) Vein deposits carbonatites. A well known example of this type is e) Sandstone deposits the Rossing deposits of Namibia which is associated with pegmatitic granite and alaskite. The Rossing 0 Other types of deposits (e.g., calcrete, deposit is a large tonnage body (with a grade of limestone and limestone karstl 800ppm U) consisting essentially of uraninite widely The world's uranium resources that are known to disseminated through a great volume of closely exist in deposits of these types, recoverable at costs of spaced aplitic, pegmatitic and medium-grained $130/kg L' or less, are summarized in Figure 4. A alaskite dikes, and irregular masses that are brief summary of these major ore types follows: emplaced in intensely folded schists, gneisses, and marbles of Proterozoic age (Berning et al.. 1976). a) Quartz-pebble conglomerate (placer) deposits The mineralized alaskite dikes are more sheared and Quartz-pebble conglomerate deposits are located crushed and contain smoky quartz, darkened at Elliot Lake, Ontario and in the Witwatersrand, feldspars, and more biotite than the barren rocks. South Africa. These deposits occur in basal Lower Uranium associated with pegmatitic dykes in the Proterozoic beds unconformably situated above the Bancroft area, Ontario is another example of this Archaean granitic and metamorphic basement. The type of deposit. The uraniferous pegmatitic dykes, conglomerates are highly pyritic, compact and firmly there, are characterized by strong red colouration of cemented by chlorite and sericite and slightly quartz and feldspar due to the presence of hematite. metamorphosed. The uranium occurs as uraninite The host rocks are of Precambrian age and consist and brannerite in the matrix. None of these deposits mainly of amphibolite, metagabbro, granite, syenite is known to be younger than 2,200 m.y. Younger and gneiss. The highest concentration of uranium is conglomerates are considered unfavourable for found where the mafic content of the country rock is detrital uranium as they were deposited in an highest. oxidizing atmosphere reflected in the presence of hematite common in younger conglomerate rather d) Vein deposits than pyrite. These deposits are generally of high Vein deposits mostly occur in Hercynian granites tonnage and low grade and account for about 60 of Europe. The deposits are associated with two-mica percent of total world reserves (Roscoe, 1969). leucogranites. The major uranium minerals are b) Proterozoic unconformity-related deposits pitchblende and coffinite and are usually associated with minor amounts of marcasite, pyrite, iron oxide, The best examples of this type are the Cluff galena and chalcopyrite. Quartz or chalcedony are Lake, Key Lake and Rabbit Lake deposits of the most abundant gangue minerals. northern Saskatchewan and those in the Alligator River area of northern Australia. These are Vein deposits are also known in western U.S.A. spatially associated with major unconformities such as the Schwartzwalder mine in Colorado, where uranium occurs in fractures in fine-grained biotitic prospecting has continued since 1949. Levels of Precambrian schists that were derived from pelitic Canadian uranium exploration activity decreased sediments. sharply after 1981 in response to the decline in price of uranium. These deposits are of moderate to high grade but with relatively low tonnage. e) Sandstone deposits 3.3.0 Uranium Provinces and Epochs A uranium province is an area of the Earth's The uranium deposits of this type are usually crust which is anomalously enriched in uranium contained in sandstones that were deposited under relative to the average crustal abundance (Finch. fluvial or marginal marine conditions (OECD, 1978). 1982; IAEA, 1977). The sandstones are usually medium to coarse grained, poorly sorted and contain pyrite and organic Intervals of geological time (within metallogenic matter of plant origin. Unoxidized deposits of this provinces) favourable for the deposition of a definite type consist of pitchblende and coffinite in arkosic mineral are designated as metallogenic epochs and quartzitic sandstones. Secondary minerals such (Bilibin, 1968; Noble, 1970; Guild, 1978). Most as carnotite and uranophane are formed from the uranium deposits fall into one of several distinct age weathering of these deposits. groups or metallogenic epochs (Robertson et al.. 1978; Nash et al.. 1981). Five major uranium The sandstone deposits are usually associated metallogenic epochs were identified by Toens and with felsic volcanic and plutonic rocks which are the Andrews-Speed (1984). A summary description oi' main source of uranium in these deposits. Hence, the these epochs is given in Table 1 and their presence of carbonaceous pyritic sandstones with distribution in time and space is illustrated in nearby (above average uranium content) felsic Figure 5. volcanic and plutonic igneous rocks is considered the most favourable site for these types of deposits. 3.4.0 Relationship between Felsic Igneous f) Other types of deposits Rocks and Metallogenic Provinces Uranium deposits which cannot be classified into Uranium ore deposits are formed at various one of the above types fall into a separate category times ranging from Precambrian to Tertiary, but it for the present. These uranium deposits are appears that the uranium cycles were established associated with calcrete, limestone, phosphorite, with the development of uranium provinces in early black shale, lignite and recent volcanic rocks. These geological times (e.g., Precambrian). The later deposits are generally of variable grade and tonnage. stages of mineralization are believed to be the result of rejuvenation and concentration of the original 3.2.0 Canadian Distribution and Production of Precambrian uranium mineralization (Ruzicka, Uranium 1971). At the World Energy Conference held in Munich The relationship between felsic igneous rocks in September, 1980, it was estimated that the (particufarfy those with above-normaf uranium 'Reasonably Assured Resources' of the world's content) and the formation of uranium provinces i.s uranium is about 1.7 million tonnes. In addition, it well known. A close genetic relationship between is estimated that the world's uranium resources uraniferous granites and subsequent uranium which can be exploited economically is about 3.1 mineralization is well demonstrated in the uranium million tonnes (DeVivo and [ppolito, 1984). Canada provinces of Europe (Moreau, 1976; Simpson et ai.. possesses approximately 9 percent of total world 1980; Wilson and Akerblom, 1982). reserves (excluding China, USSR and Eastern Europe). Almost 50 percent of Canada's Reasonably According to Simpson et al. (1982), uranium Assured Resources (RAR) are contained in quartz- provinces are related to igneous intrusion as a result pebble conglomerate deposits. The remaining RAR of transfer of uranium via felsic magmatism is attributable to unconformity-related type deposits. (particularly with late-tectonic granites) from the subcontinental lithosphere into the upper crust The Speculative Uranium Resources (those during cratonisation. Rapid uplift, faulting, hot deposits which exist in areas where no reserves are spring activity and circulating ground water would yet known) in Canada are estimated to be about one further redistribute uranium from felsic magmas million tonnes (EMR, 1985). into different types of hydrothermal ore deposits. Uraniferous granites also provide uranium for roll- Uranium exploration by the Geological Survey of front or other sedimentary uranium deposits. Canada in Canada started in 1942, and private 10 1. SANDSTONE 2- BLACK SHALE 3- METAMORPHIC/ANATECTIC 4. UNCONFORMITY AND VEINS 5- QUARTZ PEBBLE CONGLOMERATE URANIUM IN SOLUTION H-«-URANIUM IN DETRITUS- 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 MILLIONS OF YEARS Figure 5 SECTION FOUR GENERAL GEOLOGY OF NEW BRUNSWICK 4.1.0 General Statement 5. Fredericton Trough The Province of New Brunswick lies at the 6. Avalonian Platform northern end of the Appalachian folded belt. This fold belt (Appalachian orogen or geosyncline), has 7. Carboniferous Basin (includes Moncton had a long and complex depositional, structural and Subbasin, Central Carboniferous Subbasin intrusion history extending from Precambrian to and Plaster Rock Subbasin). recent times. A map showing the locations of these The Appalachian orogen has a distinct lithotectonic zones is given in Figure 6. A northeasterly trending linear outline which is generalized stratigraphic column for these zones is reflected in both the topography and litho-structural exhibited in Figure 7. A brief summary of the features. The major periods of sedimentary geological characteristics of these zones follows: deposition, intrusion and tectonism occurred in the Paleozoic era (Cambrian to Carboniferous). 4.2.1 Gaspe Svnclinorium Four major tectonic stages; Avalonian, Taconian, Acadian and Alleghanian-Variscan are recognized in The Gaspe Synclinorium contains Upper the lithotectonic framework of New Brunswick Ordovician to Lower Devonian sedimentary rocks (Rast, 1983). The Avalonian stage is restricted to the and Upper Silurian to Lower Devonian volcanic southern coastal area of New Brunswick and it was rocks. The oldest rocks exposed in this zone are those active in late Precambrian time. The Taconian of the Grog Brook Group which consists of clastic stage, which was operative in mid-Ordovician time, turbidites with abundant volcanic detritus derived predominates in the Miramichi Anticlinorium of from erosion of the Tetagouxhe Group (Fig. 7). The north-central New Brunswick. The Acadian tectonic Grog Brook Group is overlain by Upper Ordovician stage which occurred during mid-Ordovician to mid- to Lower Silurian limestone and calcareous slate of Devonian time has affected the Silurian and the Matapedia Group (St. Peter, 1978). The Devonian strata of the Fredericton Trough and Matapedia Group (Fig. 7) is followed conformably by Chaleur Bay Synclinorium. During mid-Devonian to turbidites of the Siegas Formation which itself is Middle Permian time the Affeghanian- Variscan succeeded by a sequence of slate, calcareous and stage of deformation took place and mainly affected quartzose sandstone, and argillaceous limestone of the rocks of the Carboniferous Basin. the Perham Formation. The stratigraphic sequence ends with the Temiscouata Formation which rests disconformably on the top of the Perham Formation. The Perham Formation contains a flysch sequence of 4.2.0 Lithotectonic Zones of New Brunswick micaceous slate and greywacke. The Appalachian orogen in New Brunswick is divided into several lithotectonic zones based on stratigraphic and structural contrasts as reported in: 4.2.2 Aroostook-Mataoedia Anticlinorium Rodgers, 1970; Ruitenberg et al.. 1977 and Fyffe et aL, 1981. In these studies different terminologies The rocks exposed in the Aroostook-Matapedia and zone definitions have been used. In an attempt Anticlinorium zone are those of the Grog Brook to avoid ambiguities in nomenclature, the following Group and the Matapedia Group (Fig. 7). According zone names are applied here: to Bradley (1983) the Aroostook-Matapedia Anticlinorium was an oceanic basin which lacked 1. Gaspe Synclinoriiim sufficient width to generate a volcanic arc when it closed. The rocks of the Anticlinorium exhibit a 2. Aroostook-Matapedia Anticlinorium single phase of deformation and subgreenschist 3. Chaleur Bay Synclinorium facies of metamorphism as a result of the Acadian Orogeny (Fyffe etaL, 1981). 4. Miramichi Anticlinorium 11 LITHOTECTONIC MAP OF NEW BRUNSWICK GASPE SYNCLINORI'JM AROOSTOOK-MATAPEDIA ANTICLINORIUM CHALEUR BAY SYNCLINORIUM MIRAMICHI ANTICLINORIUM FREDERICTON TROUGH AVALONIAN PLATFORM MONCTON SUBBASIM PLASTER ROCK SUBBASIN CENTRAL CARBONIFEROUS SUBBASIN 6. Lithcf.ctonic -nn of New Brunswick .modified after Ruitenbercj et a I., 1977) PRECAMBRIAN CAMBRIAN ORDOVICIAN SILURIAN DEVONIAN MISSISSIPPI PENNSYLVANIA rl Zl c TABLE 1. Major uranium deposits and their distribution in time- AGE (m.y.) DEPOSIT-TYPE MINERALIZATION PROCESSES >2800 No deposits Uranium introduced into the upper crust by magmatic and metafflorphic processes. 2800-2200 Quartz-pebble Low level of O2 in the atmosphere conglomerate (reducing environment) plus rapid burial in the sedimentary basin ,du.!:tig, diagewasi.s •served to preserve the uraninite. 2200-1200 Uncfnformity-rela ted Increased level of O2 in the atmosphere led to the release of uranium (as uranyl ions) ifl solution from Archaean granites and later precipitated neaf the basal unconformity, where Chere were reducing sedimentary environments. 1200-400 Metamorphic/Anatectic With the start of modern plate tectonics at~1200 m.y., greater potential for thermally activated remobilization of uranium due to widespread continental splitting and orogenesis resulted in the metarnorphism or anatexis of previous sedimentary rocks. Metamofphic/anatectic deposits formed. 700-400 Black shale The Pan-African and Brazilian orogenies were led to the generation of uraniferous syn- and post-tectonic granites that provided the uranium concentrated in marginal marine sediments. 400-0 Sandstone type Che incorporation of organic material into continental clastic sediments allowed uranyl ions to be precipitated before tYiey reached tVie sea, to form the important sandstone-type of deposits. 4.2.3 Chaleur Bay Svnclinorium The major rock units included in the Fredericton Trough (Fig. 7) are pelitic and arenaceous rocks of The rocks of the Chaleur Bay Synclinorium the Ordovician Cookson Formation, turbidites and include the Silurian Chaleur Group, the Devonian conglomerates of the Silurian Waweig, Digdeguash Dalhousie Group and the Devonian Campbellton and Oak Bay Formations, and calcareous clastic Formation (Fig. 7). Calcalkaline volcanic rocks have sedimentary rocks of the L'pper Silurian/Lower been observed in all the units with the exception of Devonian, Flume Ridge Formation (Ruitenberg et the Campbellton Formation (Ruitenberg et al.. al., 1977). Mafic and felsic volcanic rocks were 1977). The Chaleur Group consists of a sequence of deposited contemporaneously with these dark-grey, laminated argillaceous and calcareous sedimentary rocks. The rocks of the Devonian Perry siltstone and sandstone that grade downward into Formation rest unconformably on the sequence in limestone o( the Matapedia Group. The Chaleur the southern margin of Fredericton Trough. Group is overlain by calcareous sandstone, siltstone and limestone with intercalated volcaniclastic rocks Tae Fredericton Trough represents a mature rift (Dalhousie Group). The rocks of these groups are that had developed into a turbiditic basin by middle unconformably overlain by continental, greenish Silurian time and was closed during the Acadian grey conglomerate and sandstone of the Campbellton Orogeny (Fyffe et al., 1981). The Acadian Orogeny Formation. resulted in the polyphase deformation of the rocks and subgreenschist to greenschist facies oi metamorphism. 4.2.4 Miramichi Anticlinorium The Miramichi Anticlinorium is underlain by an 4.2.6 Avaionian Platform intensely deformed belt of Cambro-Ordovician volcanic and sedimentary rocks and minor Silurian The Precambrian rocks of southeastern New sedimentary rocks (Helmstaedt, 1971). Brunswick are referred to as the 'Avaionian Platform', containing two main stratigraphic units: The oldest rocks exposed in the Miramichi the Greenhead Group and the Coldbrook Group (Fig. Anticlinorium are those of the Tetagouche Group 7). The Greenhead Group consists of a sequence of (Fig. 7). The lower part of the Tetagouche Group carbonates, quartzites, and argillites (Wardle, 1978). contains a thick sequence of quartz wacke, quartzite The Coldbrook Group which overlies unconformably and slate. Rhyolite, quartz-feldspar crystal tuff and the Greenhead Group, contains principally mafic and pillow basalt interbedded with red and black slate felsic tuffaceous rocks and pillowed mafic flows, and and chert, iron formation, and minor limestone minor purple siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate comprise the upper part of the Tetagouche Group (Fyffe, 1985). (Fyffe, 1985). The broadly circular pattern of Ordovician felsic volcanic rocks in the Bathurst area, The Greenhead Group unconformably overlies at the northern end of the Miramichi Anticlinorium, the Aphebian or Paleohelikian Brookville Gneiss suggests the presence of a large caldera complex which consists of quartzofeldspathic gneiss (Currie et (Davies, 1966). aL,1981). A large number of granitic plutons were The Avaionian Platform is separated from the emplaced in the anticlinorium prior to and after the Fredericton Trough by the Beaver Harbour-Belleisle Acadian Orogeny. The abundance of these granitic Fault. plutons, along with the felsic volcanic rocks o( both Ordovician and Devonian age, suggests that the Miramichi Anticlinorium is a rifted fragment of 4.2.7 Carboniferous Basin continental crust (Fyffe etal.. 1981). The Carboniferous Basin of New Brunswick contains predominantly marine and nonmarine sedimentary rocks, ranging in age from 4.2.5 Fredericton Trough Mississippian to Pennsylvanian and these The Fredericton Trough contains intensely unconformably overlie the Pre-Carboniferous rocks deformed Ordovician to Devonian sedimentary rocks in the area (Fig. 7). with abundant volcanic rocks along its southern margin. McKerrow and Ziegler (1971) believe that The Carboniferous Basin in New Brunswick the Fredericton Trough represents the Proto Atlantic includes three major subbasins; the Moncton floor. The predominant rock unit in the trough is a Subbasin, the Central Carboniferous Subbasin and thick sequence of tightly folded Silurian turbidites the Plaster Rock Subbasin. The Central particularly, along its northern margin. Carboniferous Subbasin which is separated from the Moncton Subbasin by the Kingston Uplift, is occupied mainly by Pennsylvanian, coal-bearing, 12 clastic sedimentary rocks. The Moncton Subbasin is Harvey Station, York County (Fig. 1). An extensive covered by both Mississippian and Pennsylvanian sequence of undeformed ignimbrite and minor mafic sedimentary rocks that locally contain oil, gas, salt flows of the Piskahegan Group were formed along and potash deposits. The Plaster Rock Subbasin is the southern margin of the Central Carboniferous located in the Chaleur Bay Synclinorium and Basin, north and east of Mount Pleasant (Fig. 1). contains Mississippian rocks that rest Mount Pleasant itself comprises an intensely altered unconformably on Siluro-Devonian, metamorphosed, subvolcanic or caldera eruptive complex volcanic and sedimentary rocks. (Ruitenberg, 1976). The Piskaghegan Group includes several formations among which is the The Carboniferous strata are believed to Carrow Formation. The Carrow Formation contains represent an erosional remnant of a large basin that red to brown volcanogenic sandstone, conglomerate once extended from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to and siltstone which are in part intensely bleached or Newfoundland (van de Poll, 1973). The basin chloritized and contain anomalous amounts of developed following the Acadian Orogeny and uranium (Ruitenberg etal., 1976). became fully established by Late Devonian times. In southeastern New Brunswick the basin consists of a major northeasterly trending rift valley, called the 'Fundy Basil;' by Belt (1968), within which a complex 4.3.0 Igneous Intrusions series of northeasterly trending horst and graben Igneous intrusions in New Brunswick range in structures developed. During the Late Devonian and age from Precambrian to Triassic (Ruitenberg etal., Carboniferous time, the entire rift valley was 1977; Fyffe et al., 1981 and Ruitenberg and Fyffe. characterized by the defK>sition of essentially non- 19S21 These intrusions fall into two distinguishable marine sediments. Marine sedimentation took place groups: one which was emplaced during or after the only during Middle Mississippian (Visean) time, Acadian Orogeny (post-tectonic) and the other group when a cyclic sequence of marine carbonate, emplaced prior to the Acadian Orogeny (pre- evaporites and red siltstone was deposited (van de tectonic). The post-tectonic plutons (Upper Devonian Poll, 1973). The rest of the sequence was deposited to Lower Carboniferous in age) were mainly within alluvial fan, fluvial, fluvial-deltaic and emplaced in areas affected by intense wrench lacustrine environments (Pickerill and Carter, faulting. They crystallized at shallow depth in the 1980). earth's crust, are undeformed, highly fractionated (mainly felsic in composition) and contain high Basal Carboniferous rocks contain a series of contents of lithophile elements such as Mo, Sn, W coarse, immature, red elastics (Memramcook and U. In contrast, the pre-tectonic plutons are Formation) interrupted by grey beds of alluvial, pervasively deformed, less fractionated (mainly fluviatile, deltaic, limnic and evaporatic origin intermediate in composition); they crystallized (Albert Formation) which are locally petroliferous deeper in the crust and are depleted in lithophile (Webb, 1984). These rocks are overlain by a marine elements (Fyffe et al., 1981; Ruitenberg and sequence of conglomerate, sandstone, shale, McCutcheon, 1982). limestone, gypsum, halite and potash deposits (Windsor Group). Windsor Group 3vaporites are The largest volume of igneous intrusions were overlain by and interbedded with siltstones, emplaced during the Early and Middle Devonian sandstones and conglomerates of the Hopewell [post-Acadian) time. Small gabbroic, granodioritic Group. The Hopewell Group is in turn overlain by and granitic plutons were emplaced in the Chaleur conglomerates, sandstones and siltstones of the Bay Synclinorium (Fig. 1). Larger north- to Pictou Group. The Pictou Group is the most northwest-trending plutons of ultramafic and widespread stratigraphic unit in New Brunswick gabbroic compositions with minor granodioritic and and is thought to represent semi-arid, nonmarine, granitic intrusions were emplaced along the faulted terrestrial deposits (Webb, 1984). The Pictou strata boundary between the Chaleur Bay Synclinorium are mostly flat-lying except for locally tilted beds and the Miramichi Anticlinorium (Fig. 1). near faults. Muscovite-biotite granite, biotite granite and granodiorite batholiths are predominant in the The Mississippian sedimentary rocks in many Miramichi Anticlinorium. Batholiths of granite and parts of New Brunswick are associated with bimodal northeast-trending ultramafic, gabbroic and volcanic rocks, which are generally subaerial and granodioritic stocks intruded the Fredericton may be in part submarine (Rast and Grant, 1973; Trough. Both felsic and mafic intrusive rocks have Strong etaL, 1979). been recognized in the Avalonian Platform (Donohoe Mississippian rhyolitic rocks of the Harvey and Barr, 1981). The majority of the granites Formation were deposited along the northern intruding the Avalonian Platform are Precambrian margin of the Central Carboniferous Basin at in age (Rast, 1983). 13 4.4.0 Evolution of the New Brunswick have existed and the sea between these two arcs was Appalachian Orogeny closed at the time of the Acadian Orogeny. One of these arcs was built on the basement, arc previously Several hypotheses are proposed to explain the accreted to the North America continent during the development of the New Brunswick Appalachian Taconic Orogeny. The other arc was built on the Orogen in terms of plate tectonics (e.g., Bird and Precambrian basement of the Avalonian Dewey, 1970; McKerrow and Ziegler, 1971; Bradley, microcontinent. The Fredericton Trough is 1983 and Rast, 1983). Bird and Dewey (1970) have interpreted as the site of an ocean which closed in suggested that the northern Appalachian Orogen Siluro-Devonian time by simultaneous subduction was produced as a result of continental collision beneath both continental margins. between North America and Eurafrica continents. This collision was assumed to take place during the Middle Devonian Acadian Orogeny. This event led 4.5.0 Economic Potential to the generation of the Proto-Atlantic Iapetus Ocean. This hypothesis was later modified by Rast New Brunswick is potentially favourable for Sn. (1983). According to Rast, the Iapetus Ocean was W, Mo, Sb, Ag, Au and base metal sulphide deposits produced during late Precambrian time and later in addition to U. Several of these elements are closed by the Taconian Orogeny. The closure of the produced economically in the area. For example, ocean resulted in a collision between the Avalonian base metal sulphide deposits are exploited in the microcontinent and North America continent. Bathurst area in the northern Miramichi Siluro-Devonian sediments, derived from the erosion Anticlinorium, Sb from the Lake George mine at the of the Taconian mountains were laid unconformably northern margin of the Fredericton Trough and Sn. on the Cambro-Ordovician rocks and a series of rifts W and base metal sulphides from the Mount formed. These rifts were later closed in Middle Pleasant mine on the southern margin of the Centrai Devonian time as a result of the Acadian Orogeny. Carboniferous Basin. Other nonmetallic minerals such as coal, salts and potash are produced from the McKerrow and Ziegler (1971) have proposed a Carboniferous Basin. For more details on these bilateral subduction model for the Acadian Orogeny deposits refer to Ruitenberg and Fyffe (1982; 1983). which is supported by Bradley (1983). On the basis of this hypothesis, two volcanic arcs are assumed to 14 SECTION FIVE URANIUM METALLOGENESIS, NEW BRUNSWICK 5.1.0 General Statement Several uranium occurrences were only identified in soil and stream sediment samples. A total of 82 uranium showings in the Province These occurrences are treated as a separate class. A of New Brunswick were reviewed during the brief description of the uranium types designated for literature survey conducted in this study. Although the New Brunswick uranium occurrences is given none of these occurrences have proven to be below: encouraging enough to warrant exploitation at present, they deserve attention and evaluation for future consideration. 5.2.1. Sedimentary Rock Type Uranium occurrences in New Brunswick are of different deposit types. These differences may be The Sedimentary Rock Type includes uranium in attributed to broad variations in the depositional sandstone, siltstone, shale and conglomerate. These environments, lithologies, styles of deformation, occurrences are mainly in the Carboniferous ages of their enclosing rocks, tectonism, intrusion, sedimentary rocks (Fig. 1) and are essentially formed volcanism and metamorphism. by supergene processes. The source of uranium in these deposits is not fully known but is most likely to Mineralogically, two kinds of uranium be the Devonian-Carboniferous felsic intrusions and occurrences were identified; monometallic (simple) Mississippian felsic volcanics emplaced adjacent to where only uranium is recognized as a significant and beneath the Carboniferous Basin (Fig. 1). The element and polymctallic (comp'^x), whare in Lower Mississippian evaporitic sequence deposited addition to uranium, other economics ly interesting in the Moncton Subbasin may also have provided metals were concentrated. part of the uranium in these deposits. Both monometallic and polymetallic deposits have been recognized. In polymetallic deposits, 5.2.0 New Brunswick Uranium Deposit Types uranium occurs in association with Cu, Pb, Zn, Mo, Uranium deposits have been classified by several V, Mn and Y. The enclosing rocks are in general researchers (e.g., Ruzicka, 1971; McMillan, 1978; gently dipping and exhibit, if any, a low grade of Dahlkamp, 1978; Nash et al.. 1981). The scheme metamorphisiri. Uranium in the Mississippian adopted in this study is mainly descriptive in nature sedimentary rocks is commonly associated with where the occurrences are classified according to carbonaceous materials, hydrocarbons (albertite) their host rock lithology. These classes are: and phosphatic materials. These deposits where found particularly in permeable sites where 1. Sedimentary Rocks uranium-bearing solutions could move freely along a. Shale unconformity surfaces, shear zones and bedding planes. b. Siltstone Uranium is also found in association with coal, c. Sandstone pyrite and plant debris in the fluviatile sandstone of d. Conglomerate Pennsylvanian age. Here, uranium occurrences are found to occur at the base of fining-upward cycles of 2. Volcaniclastic Sedimentary Rocks sedimentation (Dunsmore, 1977). 3. Felsic Volcanic Rocks 4. Magmatic Rocks 5.2.2. Volcaniclastic Sedimentary Rock Type 5. Metamorphic Rocks Volcaniclastic sedimentary uranium deposits are 6. Veins found in sedimentary rocks composed entirely or in part of volcanic fragments produced either by direct 7. Soils and/or Stream Sediments volcanic activity (pyroclastic deposits) or by erosion 15 of pre-existing rocks (epiclastic deposits). The ihat the source of uranium is elsewhere and the enclosing rocks are Mississippian in age and contain uranium has been transported along the a large proportion of rhyolitic clasts. Uranium is unconformity surface to the argillite. usually associated with fluorine in these deposits, and spatially associated with hydrothermally altered and fractured rocks. Silicification and chloritization 5.2.6. Vein Type are common in these occurrences. Vein type uranium deposits usually occur as fracture fillings in felsic igneous rocks and in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks adjacent to 5.2.3. Felsic Volcanic Rock Type them. These deposits are commonly polymetallic in Felsic volcanic uranium deposits are to some nature. Uranium is usually associated with Cu, Pb, extent identical in nature of mineralization to those Zn, Sb, Mo, W, Sn, Ag and in some of them, with Au. found in volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks. Both In this type of deposit uranium is associated with types are related spatially and perhaps in time of hydrothermal alteration particularly silicification, their formation. However, it is worth mentioning hematitization, kaolinitization, chloritization. here that the Mississippian felsic volcanic rocks sericitization, pyritization and fluoritization. which host this type of deposit are favourable for Uraninite, autunite, torbernite, pitchblende, uranium mineralization and contain above-average coffinite, soddyite and uranophane are the common uranium abundances relative to the global average uranium minerals identified in these rocks. in similar rock types. This may suggest that the source of uranium, in these rocks and in These deposits are generally associated with volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks is likely the granites which contain above-normal uranium Mississippian felsic volcanic rocks themselves. content relative to global averages These veins are associated with the same granitic rocks that hosted Uranium occurs in polymetallic association with the magmatic-type uranium mineralization in the Cu, Pb, Zn, Mo, Sn, W, Ag, Bi and As in these rocks. area. One of the most distinctive features of uranium in these deposits, as in the volcaniclastic sedimentary types, is a close association with fluorite. This 5.2.7. Soil and/or Stream Sediments association may suggest that uranium was transported to the site of mineralization as fluoride Uranium has been deposited in soil and stream complexes within highly reactive tnagmatic fluids sediments in the area. These deposits occur (Bohse etal., 1974). particularly in areas favourable for other types of uranium mineralization. The uranium is either associated with organic-rich debris or with clay- enriched soils and stream sediments. Swampy areas 5.2.4. Magmatic Rock Type are the most favourable sites for uranium of this In magmatic rock types, uranium occurs mainly type. in granitic rocks. These occurrences are, in general, associated with the post-Acadian, highly differentiated, non-cataclastic, Devonian to 5.3.0 Uraniferous Domains of New Brunswick Carboniferous, two-mic granites. The favourable granites that host these deposits are peraluminous. The uranium occurrences with their elemental These granites usually exhibit rapakivi texture and associations and their interpreted types of contain miarolitic cavities. Fluorite is usually concentration are plotted on the 1:500,000 scale enriched in these granites. Several metals are Structural map of New Brunswick (Fig. 1). known to be associated with uranium in this type o{ The attempt to divide the uranium occurrences deposit but Sn, Mo and W are the most common. in New Brunswick into metallogenic domains (subprovinces), it was found that such domains are best outlined by the lithotectonic zones of New 5.2.5. Metamorohic Rock Type Brunswick (Fig. 6). Hence, seven uraniferous Only one metamorphic type uranium occurrence metallogenic domains were proposed for the Province has been recognized (Ridge Brook). This occurrence of New Brunswick (Fig. 1): is in Silurian argillite. The argillite is grey, 1 Gaspe Synclinorium (Domain I) laminated, and exhibits iron-staining. The deposit occurs immediately below an unconformity surface 2. Aroostook-Matapedia Anticlinorium separating Silurian metasedimentary rocks from (Domain II) Carboniferous sedimentary rocks. This may suggest 16 3. Chaleur Bay Synclinorium (Domain III) (Popelogan) is associated with Devonian rhyolitic rocks. Otherwise, the rest of the domain appears to 4. Miramichi Anticlinorium (Domain IV) be barren, of significant uranium mineralization 5. Fredericton Trough (Domain V) probably due to the absence of igneous intrusive masses and the deformed and metamorphosed 6. Avalonian Platform (Domain VI) characteristics of the older rocks in this domain. 7. Carboniferous Basin (Domain VII) A. Plaster Rock Subbasin (Domain VIIA) 5.3.2 Chaleur Bay Svnclinorium Domain B. Moncton Subbasin (Domain VIIB) Both felsic volcanic and related vein-type C. Central Carboniferous Subbasin (VIIC) uranium deposits occur in the Chaleur Bay Synclinorium domain. Most of these occurrences Most of the uranium occurrences are clustered located at the borderline between this domain and within or spatially associated with three of these the Miramichi Anticlinorium Domain (Fig. 1). These domains, namely the Miramichi Anticlinorium occurrences are found in the north of the domain and Domain, the Fredericton Trough Domain and the are spatially associated with Devonian felsic Carboniferous Basin Domain (Fig. 1). In some cases, volcanic rocks (Gross, 1957) (eg. at Atholville and at the term 'domain' is used for an area with no known Coxs Brook). These volcanic rocks cut dark grey to uranium occurrences such as the Gaspe black slate and slate-argillite of Upper Ordovician Synclinorium and the Avalonian Platform. The term age. Radioactive materials are finely disseminated 'domain' is proposed because there are indications in the felsic volcanic rocks within 2.5cm of the that these areas have received less attention from contact with the slate, at Atholville. At Coxs Brook uranium exploration companies relative to other (Fig. 1), uraninite, or pitchblende have been found in areas (with known uranium occurrences). It is specks and veinlets along narrow fractures in the believed, on the basis of favourable geological felsic volcanic rocks. The rocks along the fractures conditions, that uranium may be found in these that contain uranium are altered (kaolinized?). 'barren'areas. Uranium and lead are also reported to occur in these The uraniferous domains proposed herein were volcanic rocks at Durham Centre (Fig. 1). outlined on the regional airborne gamma ray Small, but potentially significant polymetallic, spectrometry maps of New Brunswick (Fig. 8) in vein-type uranium deposits were found in the order to test them against these data. It appears that Devonian felsic and mafic volcanic, and sedimentary these airborne data successfully outline rocks rocks of the domain (Left, Stew and Evy, Fig. 1). At favourable for uranium concentration, such as these deposits uranium (+ Cu, Pb, Zn, Mo, Ag, Au) is granitic rocks, but they do not locate individual concentrated mainly in hydrothermally altered rocks prospects. Hence, the airborne data can only outline intersected by shear zones. potential sources for uranium in an area. Highly anomalous uranium values as indicated in Figure 8, appear to relate mainly to the nwire differentiated 5.3.3 Miramichi Anticlinorium Domain phases of the Devonian-Carboniferous granitic rocks in the Miramichi Anticlinorium and in the The Miramichi Anticlinorium Domain (Fig. 1) is Fredericton Trough domains. probably the most favourable area for uranium mineralization in New Brunswick. The diversity of The uranium occurrences, listed according to geological environments and the wide variety of their domains, along with their geographical mineral prospects throughout the domain make it an locations, deposit types, mineralogical and elemental exceptional target for mineral exploration, in association and their host rock lithology and general. The potential for uranium discovery in the structural setting and methods used for their domain is considered great, because of the large investigation are given in Appendix I. volume of metal-bearing (including uranium) A brief description of the proposed uraniferous granitic rocks of post-Acadian age emplaced in the metallogenic domains (only those domains that domain. These granitic rocks probably provided a contain uranium occurrences) is given below: source for uranium and sortie other metals in the domain. In general, the uranium occurrences in this 5.3.1 Aroostook-Matapedia Anticlinorium Domain domain are of two types: magmatic and vein. These Only a single and. relatively small uranium occurrences are spatially and perhaps genetically occurrence is located in the Aroostook-Matapedia related to post-tectonic Devonian to Carboniferous Anticlinorium domain (Fig, 1). This occurrence granitic rocks particularly with those containing 17 1 GASPE SYNCLINORIUM B AROOSTOOK - MATAPEDIA ANTICLINORIUM III CHALEUR BAY SYNCLINORIUM IV MIRAMCHI ANTICLINORIUM V FREDERICTON TROUGH AIRBORNE OAMMA RAY SURVEY VI AVALONIAN PLATFORM VII CARBONIFEROUS BASIN eu (ppm ( Modified alter Chandra.1979) o ic ;o jo <-0 bo 08-12 ESI 04-oe en both biotite and muscovite. In addition to uranium, emplaced in a seismotectonically active area as these rocks show higher than average levels of other evidenced by a series of earthquake tremors with a metals particularly Sn, Mo and W. The geological maximum magnitude of 5.7 (January 1982, setting of the domain has some characteristics Miramichi Earthquake). The earthquake's epicenter similar to those of vein-type uranium deposits in the is believed to be located within the North Pole Hercynian granitoids of eastern Europe (Ruzicka, Granite (Burke and Chandra, 1983). Granite 1971), western Europe (Simpson et al.. 1982). and to samples from the earthquake site show a distinctive those of Nova Scotia (Chatterjee etal.. 1982). assemblage of overprinted ductile to brittle The most favourable area thus far identified microfractures (Mawer and Williams, 1985) which within the domain is close to Long Lake (Fig. 1). Two are interpreted to have been developed as a result of uranium claim groups are located in this area: the a fluid pulse triggered possibly by paleoseismic Shawn claims west of Long Lake and the Long Lake activity. Sibson et al. (1975) have argued that claims east of it. At this location autunite-bearing, conditions favourable for hydrothermal vein deposits Pb-Zn-Cu-sulphide-bearing and Mo-bearing float may be developed in zones of dilation, due to was discovered on the Shawn claims (Lipowicz, 1980) outpourings of warm groundwater following and autunite-torbenite-bearing float was discovered moderate (magnitude 5 to 7) earthquakes. on the Long Lake claims (Hauseux, 1981). The mineralization in the Long Lake area occurs in hydrothermally altered (silicification, sericitization, 5.3.4 Fredericton Trough Domain chloritization, limonitization and pyritization), and The geological environment in the Fredericton in places brecciated, granites of the Devonian North Trough Domain (Fig. U is to some extent similar to Pole Granite. Other elements such as Mn, Sn, Ag that of the Miramichi Anticlinorium Domain. Both and Au were also identified in these rocks, in have similar types and styles of uranium association with the uranium. Most of the uranium mineralization. Generally, the uranium deposits concentrations are located near the shore of Long occur within, or adjacent to, post-tectonic, felsic, Lake, close to two inferred, northwesterly-trending intrusive masses such as the Pokiok Batholith, north faults, one of which is believed to be under Long of the domain, and the St. George Batholith, south of Lake itself. the domain. These granitic batholiths are known to The mineralization occurs mainly in altered, contain above-normal uranium abundances in brecciated and veined rocks of both the Devonian comparison to the global average concentrations of granite and the quartz-feldspar porphyry observed in uranium granites. the area. The exception is a sample of unaltered, A vein-type uranium prospect (Welsford) was medium-grained muscovite granite containing discovered on the top of the Eagle Rock Cliff, near 3,300ppm uranium in the form of disseminated, Welsford (Fig. 1), along fractures in a poorly exposed microscopic torbernite. This sample, located near outcrop of coarse-grained granite of the Charlotte the shore of Long Lake, close to the two inferred Pluton (Hassan, 1984). Uranium content as high as faults (mentioned above), is believed to be locally 112ppm was recorded by the gamma-ray derived (Hauseux, \980). This sample, along with spectrometer. The mineralized rocks have a deep red nearby float of fresh muscovitic granite, offer colour and are highly fractured and silicified. encouragement that a uranium-rich granite of Uraninite is the radioactive mineral. Both economic interest may lie in the area. hydrothermal and supergene processes are thought The geological environment which hosts the to be involved in the formation of this vein Long Lake uranium deposit is believed to be similar mineralization. to that in the recently discovered Swanson uranium Among other interesting uranium deposits in the deposit in Pittsylvania County, Virginia, USA Fredericton Trough is the one associated with (Ruzicka and LeCheminant, 1986). antimony at the Lake George mine (Fig. 1), about Three interesting vein-type uranium deposits 42km west of Fredericton (Ruzicka and Littlejohn, (Add, Serpy and Bear) were formed along shear zones 1981). The uranium mineralization there is in the Ordovician cataclastic granite at its contact associated with quartz-veins in Silurian shale, with the North Pole Granite (Fig. 1). These greywacke, and quartzite that are intruded by polymetallic deposits contain, in addition to Devonian granodiorite of the Pokiok Batholith. In uranium, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mo, Sn, W, Ag, and Au. The addition to stibnite, these veins contain small source of the uranium in these deposits is most likely amounts of pyrite, arsenopyrite, and tetrahedrite, the same, or similar to that of the Shawn and Long and low uranium, gold and silver (Abbott and Lake deposits because they also occur close to the Watson, 1975). The principal uranium minerals are North Pole Granite. The North Pole Granite is coffinite, uraninite and thucholite. Small amounts of soddyite and uranophane were also found (Morrissy 18 and Ruitenberg, 1980). Phase relations of the Albert Formation. The source of the uranium is not uraniferous mineral assemblage (Scott, 1979) known, but, it may have been leached by suggest depositional temperatures of 200-250°C or groundwater from nearby sedimentary and felsic less. Although the source of the uranium in the mine volcanic rocks, and have been precipitated by the is not known with certainty, three possibilities exist: carbonaceous material in the vein. a) the Devonian granitic rocks of Pokiok Batholith, The Mississippian felsic volcanic rocks in the b) the Silurian pelitic sedimentary rocks and c) the domain are also favourable for uranium lamprophyre dykes intruded into the Silurian mineralization. At Harvey Station uranium (Fig. 1) sedimentary rocks. These possible sources all is associated with shear zones in the rhyolites and contain above normal uranium content relative to rhyolite tuffs (Harvey Station, Manners Sutton and the global average of uranium in rocks of similar York Mills). These vein-type deposits are located lithology. near the regional Fredericton fault. Fluorite accompanies uranium mineralization in this area. Uranospinite and saleeite were the major uranium 5.3.5 Carboniferous Basin Domain minerals identified in these occurrences by the The Carboniferous Basin Domain (Fig. 1) has Geological Survey of Canada (Gross, 1957). been recognized as a favourable site for uranium Uranium contents up to 749ppm was recorded by deposits in the province (Gross, 1957; Roscoe, 1966; gamma-ray spectrometry from an area of about three Smith, 1968; Ruzicka, 1971; Dunsmore, 1977). The square meters in the rhyolite lava-flow located at depositional environment of these Carboniferous Manners Sutton (Fig. 1). The uranium sandstones is strikingly similar to that of the mineralization occurs as black, powdery pitchblende uranium- rich district of the Colorado Plateau, along fractures cross-cutting the iron-oxide stained U.S.A. (Smith, 1968). These similarities may lava-flow (Hassan, 1984). A specimen of banded, suggest that some uranium deposits of the 'roll-front' fine-grained crystalline rhyolite, transected by a types may be discovered in the Carboniferous Basin. reticulate network of thin purple fluorite veinlets Red, oxidized, clastic, terrestrial sedimentary rocks, was investigated by Gabelman (1981). Sericite and together with grey, reduced, clastic sedimentary montmorillonite are the main alteration products of rocks rich in plant debris, are characteristic of both feldspar in this specimen. Gabelman found that the areas. Copper sulphide deposits associated with feldspar and its alteration products were barren o[ coalified plant remains are also widespread in both uranium. The white fluorite was also found to be areas (Smith, 1968). barren. Uranium was recognized only in the purple The Devonian to Carboniferous granites fluorite. Furthermore, Gableman has found that the emplaced in the Miramichi Anticlinorium Domain amount of uranium is directly proportional to the and the Fredericton Trough Domain and the intensity of the purple colour in the fluorite. Mississippian felsic volcanic rocks, formed at the At York Mills (Fig. 1), uranium compounds were periphery of the Carboniferous Basin probably deposited along a fault plane intersecting the provided the uranium to the Carboniferous Basin rhyolite ash-fall tuff. The intense chloritization in Domain. However, the Lower Carboniferous the vicinity of uranium mineralization may have evaporitic sequence, deposited within the domain served as a mechanism to release part of the itself is also considered a potential source for uranium from the ash-fall tuff (Hassan, 1984) based uranium (Dunsmore, 1977). on the fact that the uranium content of the fresh Uranium was discovered in the Carboniferous parts of the ash-fall tuff is greater than that of the Basin Domain in 1953 at Shippegan Island and at altered part. Thus part, if not all, of the uranium Hampton (Gross, 1957). Uranium is found in may have been leached from the ash-fall tuff rhyolite association with plant debris in Pennsylvanian itself. sandstone of the Pictou Group at Shippegan Island The Mississippian volcanic and volcaniclastic (Fig. 1). Along with uranium, copper was rocks of the Mt. Pleasant area (Fig. 1) also contain a precipitated apparently from the same aqueous number of small uranium prospects. The rhyolitic solution (Dunsmore, 1977). Numerous other rocks are enriched in uranium and commonly uranium deposits of similar type were discovered in contain fluorite. Comagmatic high- level porphyries the Carboniferous Basin Domain (see Appendix I and on the flank of the Mt. Pleasant caldera contain Mo, Fig. 1). W, Bi, Sn and fluorite deposits (Parrish and Tully, Uranium in association with hydrocarbon 1978), and uraninite is found in this mineral (albertite) was discovered in veins (Fig. 1) along fault assemblage (Parrish, 1977). Uranium occurs in both zones at Hampton (Gross, 1957). The hydrocarbon is the ash-flow tuffs in the caldera and in the believed to have migrated from oil shale in the volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks adjacent to it. 19 Fluorite, chlorite, kaolin, and pyrite commonly are corresponding younger rocks, were derived from associated with the uranium (Curtis, 1981). magma originally containing relatively little uranium. Uranium mineralization is reported in intensely altered volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks of the Magmatic type uranium deposits in New Carrow Formation at Pete Brook (Fig. 1). The Brunswick appear to form a time-bounded zone alteration there is mostly chloritic. Uranium is also (uraniferous epoch) extending from Lower Devonian associated with sections rich in hematite and fluorite to Lower Mississippian. Sedimentary type uranium within the chloritic zone. According to Ruitenberg et deposits are restricted to Carboniferous time. Felsic- aL (1976) uranium was transported by sulphur- and volcanic and volcaniclastic sedimentary rock types fluorine-rich water moving through highly were formed during Mississippian time. Although permeable beds. The concentration took place in the vein-type uranium deposits were formed during post- permeable, coarse-grained, volcaniclastic Acadian time, they occur in rocks of various ages and sedimentary rocks. The source of the sulphur- and lithologies, depending on structural features suitable fluorine-rich water is believed to be from a nearby for their concentration. volcanic centre. 5.5.0 Conceptual Models for Uranium 5.4.0 Uranium Occurrences in New Brunswick Concentration in Selected Areas of and their Temporal and Spatial Distribution New Brunswick A generalized uranium metallogenic chart was 5.5.1 General Statement constructed by plotting uranium occurrences and their metal associations, against their host rock ages The majority of data available on uranium and and major geological events characterizing each associated element occurrences in New Brunswick uraniferous domain (Fig. 2). These geological events has been collected for assessement reports and include: structural deformation, volcanism, economic evaluations. Such reports rarely and only plutonism and metamorphism, along with regional indirectly refer to genetic and related scientific tectonism. As illustrated in Figure 2, uranium in aspects of the occurrences. The genetic models for New Brunswick shows a marked association with three types of New Brunswick occurrences, described post-Acadian rocks (Devonian to Carboniferous in below must be considered within the limitation noted age). This may suggest that the uraniferous domains above. These models are preliminary and need originated during the Acadian Orogeny. The further refinement as more data become available. Acadian Orogeny was accompanied by the In these models the following three factors were emplacement of a large volume of highly taken into consideration: Dthe source of the differentiated intrusive rocks, particularly in the uranium and associated elements, 2) mechanism of Miramichi Anticlinorium and Fredericton Trough their transportation and 3) favourable sites for their domains. These intrusive rocks generally contain concentration. higher abundances of uranium and other lithophile elements relative to the pre-Acadian intrusive rocks in the area (Ruitenberg and Fyffe, 1982). Hence, 5.5.2 Uranium Concentration in the Moncton numerous magmatic-type uranium occurrences are Subbasin associated with these intrusive rocks. Hydrothermal activity generated with the Acadian Orogeny Uranium deposits in the Carboniferous Moncton resulted in the redistribution of uranium into shear Subbasin are mainly found in the Pennsylvanian zones. Uranium derived from these deposits was fluviatile sandstone (Pictou Group) and in the later transported by surface and groundwater to the Mississippian sedimentary rock sequence of the Carboniferous Basin. Horton Group (Figure 9). The geological setting of this subbasin is suitable for uranium mineralization, It is difficult to determine whether the pre- because a source of uranium and favourable sites for Acadian rocks were originally low in uranium, or the its deposition are in close proximity. In addition, uranium in these rocks has been depleted shear zones (faults, joints and fractures) and progressively with time. Hassan (1984) has argued paleosurfaces in the subbasin served as channelways that the greater abundance of uranium in the post- to transport uranium- enriched fluids from source Acadian rocks, compared to the pre-Acadian rocks is areas to sites of concentration. due to depletion of uranium from the older rocks and reconcentration in the younger rocks as a result of The Devonian-Carboniferous granite of the weathering, deformation and metamorphism. Charlotte Pluton, particularly the eastern portion Hassan also stated that older igneous rocks which (Fig. 9), is enriched in uranium (average 10.6 ± are in general less differentiated than the 4.9ppm, Hassan, 1984). This granite is the most 20 MONCTON SUBBASIN PENNSYLVANIAN D~l P'CTOU 6P: Cona.sst.silln.sh and ' coaTstam.s C~| HOPEWELl GP Cong.ssl and sh MISSISSIPPIAN B I WINDSOR GP B3- Cong .ssl and silln B2 - Evaporiles Sites of uranium mineralization B1- Ls A I HORTON GP Hydrothermal alteration zone A3-Monclon 6p Cong ,sst .siltn and felsic and malic vokanics locally Shear zones A2-Albert Fm: Cong .sst.siltn.bituminous - Urantterous solution ssl .1st,evaporiles.plant and lish At - Memramceok Fm Cong.sst and siltn Unconlormity suriote PRECARBONIFEROUS Metasedimentary and melavolcanic rocks Figu>e V likely source for uranium in the Moncton Subbasin. As uraniferous solutions (meteoric, There is also an indication that considerable hydrothermal, groundwater and brines) intersected uranium may have been leached from the granite, the Mississippian sedimentary rocks, uranium was particularly from the upper 30m of partially deposited in favourable sites along shear zones, weathered rock (Hassan, 1984). This is supported by paleosurfaces and other permeable and porous media stream and spring sediment data for uranium in the in these rocks. Several reducing agents such as vicinity of the granite (Austria, 1977). Furthermore, organic material, pyrite, H2O and CH4 aided in multivariate factor analysis and correlations for the uranium depositions in these sites. Clay minerals. elemental relationship with the geochemical iron oxide and other sorptive agents also aided in variables indicate a moderately significant uranium concentration. association between uranium and copper in these Part of the uraniferous fluids that a -e able to rocks (Hassan, 1984). This implies that some copper reach the Pennsylvanian siliciclastic sandstones may also be leached with uranium from these rocks deposited their uranium in reducing (coal-bearing) and also deposited in the subbasin. Copper is sites; particularly where these reducing sites commonly found with uranium in the uranium intersect shear zones, uncomformities and bedding prospects in the subbasin. surfaces. Other possible sources for uranium are the Mississippian rhyolites and the Silurian pelitic sedimentary rocks. These rocks contain above- 5.5.3 Uranium Concentration in the Mississippian normal uranium abundances in comparison to global averages in similar rocks. In addition, sediments Volcanic Rocks of Harvey Station Area derived by erosion of these sources were deposited Uranium in the Harvey Station area (Fig. 10) is mostly in the subbasin. These sediments contained mainly associated with rhyolites of the Mississippian trace amounts of uranium which also contributed to Harvey Formation. The uranium occurrences in this the uranium of the subbasin. area have few common features and it is probable There has been some speculation in recent years that they were formed by different mechanisms. that some uranium in the Moncton Subbasin might Hydrothermal processes were active at Manners have been derived from the Mississippian evaporite Sutton and York Mills and led to the formation of sequences of the Windsor Group at the base vein-type uranium deposits along shear zones at the (Dunsmore, 1977). According to this hypothesis, latter two localities. It is interesting to note here uranium and other metals have been concentrated in that these prospects are located near a major fault the evaporites by evaporation of a solution termed the 'Fredericton Fault'. This fault cuts containing above normal uranium. through the volcanic rocks and extends from the Uranium and copper were leached from the Pokiok Batholith west of these prospects. Charlotte Pluton by meteoric water and Although the uranium in these prospects could hydrothermal solution percolating through fracture be derived from the rhyolitic rocks, themselves as systems in the granite. Hydrothermal fluids played these rocks contain above-normal average uranium a major role in uranium deposition, particularly in abundances, the Devonian granitic rocks, as well as areas neighboring the granite such as the Welsford the Silurian metasedimentary rocks may also have and Ridge Brook occurrences. However for deposits contributed part of the uranium. The Fredericton far from the granite, groundwater, surface waters Fault and related shear zones may have served as and brines derived from the evaporites may have channelways for uraniferous fluids. been responsible for uranium leaching and transportation to new sites of concentration. These At the Cherry Hill prospect (Fig. 10) uranium uraniferous fluids were transported along shear mineralization occurs in the rhyolitic tuff of the zones and unconformity surfaces. Mississippian Harvey Formation. The strongest radioactivity is associated with patches of red stain A considerable amount of uranium may also for a distance of 3m along a paleosoil (?) or bedding have been transported by brine, released from the surface between two rhyolitic tuff units. Some of the evaporites within the Windsor Group (Fig. 9). The uranium concentration also occur along the brine may have scavenged uranium from the unconformity separating the Harvey Formation and evaporites and adjacent sedimentary rocks during its the York Mills Member, particularly in places where migration. Evaporites that were deposited in reduction spots are evident. Because the sedimentary basins have been considered an mineralizing solutions consisted of relatively cool important source of both metals and brines uranium-bearing groundwater, alteration is very (Davidson, 1966; Kostov, 1977; Thiede and Cameron, weakly developed. Iron oxides which occur as a 1978). 21 sw *l POKIOK BATHOLITH I PENNSYIVANIAN DtVONiAN | P | Cong ,sst and siltn [[ \ | Granite Sties of uranium mineralisation MISSISSIPPIAN SILURIAN Uraniferous solution HARVEY A | Rbyolitic iava (tow | AB| Inter mi> f(7jj Mftasedimentary rocks FM i 1I I tuturnnar joints B 1 Rhyoiiiic ash loll tufl C I Rhyoiiiic ash flow tuff hydrolheffnal otteraimr 2one Uticonlormity Surface | D I Vokanogentc sedimentary rocds YORK Mil* MEMBFR Sedtmenlarv. woltonog«n>c seditnenlar y m__ rochS and minor Tuff LONG LAKE • \ PRESENT_DAY JEROSION \ LEVEL '• ' ' \ V- •', DEVONIAN NORTH POLE GRANITE | j Quartz feldspar porphyry ['•'. | Bioiile-muscovite granite Sites of uranium mineralization | *. *.'j Biotite granite •"•'•• Hydrothermal alteration zone ORDOVICIAN Shear zone |* • ; | Deformed granite CAMBRO-ORDOVICIAN Uraniferous solution |t~^C^-j Metasedimentary rocks Figure 11 stain, are the only visible alteration products. It is 5.5.4 Uranium Concentration in the Long Lake Area likely that uranium, in this zone is derived from the The uranium mineralization in the Long Lake leaching of the rhyolitic ash-flow tuff (average U = area (Fig. 11) includes two major vein-type uranium 5.0 ± 4.5, Hassan, 1984) by oxidizing groundwater. occurrences (Long Lake and Shawn). These occur An autoradiograph of a sample taken from this unit along shear zones crosscutting the granitic rocks of (Hassan, 1984), indicates that these rocks contain the Devonian North Pole Granite. Three additional uranium in uraninite. This may suggest that the vein-type uranium occurrences (Add, Serpy, Bear), rhyolitic ash-flow tuff is a possible source for which are probably genetically related to the North uranium in this area. Uranium measured across a Pole Granite, are also formed nearby along shear vertical section at this occurrence by Hassan (1984) zones in the Ordovician granitic rocks. shows gradual increases from top to bottom of the rhyolitic ash-flow tuff unit. This suggests that The models discussed for vein-type uranium uranium may have been leached during weathering mineralization in the Hercynian granitoids of of the ash-flow rhyolite. Weathering of these rocks Western Europe (Simpson et al.. 1979) and in the by downward percolating water could yield large uranium deposits at Millet Brook of Nova Scotia quantities of the uranyl ion, which could then be (Chatterjee et al.. 1982) appear well suited for the transported along columnar joints developed in these Long Lake uranium deposits. rocks and redeposited in the paleosoil layer and the unconformity. The paleosoil is characterized by fine- The uranium (± other elements) was mobilized grained clay minerals and organic matter which and concentrated in the area, perhaps by the could have served to adsorb uranium. The Devonian North Pole Granite. In addition to being the source for uranium, the granite probably unconformity surface is also a suitable site for provided the hydrothermal fluids and the energy concentration because uranium-bearing water could required to activate the proposed hydrothermal cell move along it and be reduced by organic material, within the granite. derived from vegetation that may have existed on the paleosurface. Radioactivity is particularly Uranium was probably enriched initially in Lhe pronounced at places where 'reduction spots' in highly differentiated two-mica phase granite of the siltstone are evident. North Pole Granite, during its generation by partial Although it is possible that the uranium melting of crustal rocks. As this granite was deposited at Manners Sutton and York Mills was emplaced in the epizone, its uranium content may derived internally from the volcanic pile by leaching, have increased through contamination of the melt by transportation and redeposition, its derivation from Cambro-Ordovician metasedimentary rocks. the Devonian Pokiok Batholith or the Silurian A hydrothermal convection cell is proposed to metasedimentary rocks is also possible. A have developed within the granite following the hydrothermal convection cell may have developed Acadian Orogeny. The Acadian Orogeny produced within the Pokiok Batholith and perhaps led to the fracture systems prerequisite for hydrothermal fluid depletion of a considerable amount of uranium from mobilization within the granite and the surrounding the granite. Uranium is expected also to have been rocks. This hydrothermal ceJJ is indicated by intense leached from the granite by oxidized meteoric water alteration haloes surrounding the mineralization percolating through fractures in the granite. The along shear zones. uraniferous fluid was transported to the volcanic pile through shear zones. The uranium content of this Meteoric water and ma.gmatic water are fluid may have been enhanced during its movement probably the major fluid resources of the through the Silurian metasedimentary rocks and the hydrothermal cell. The temperature variation Mississippian volcanic rocks. When this fluid between the cold meteoric water and the hot reached the rhyolitic rocks, it mixed with uranium- magmatic water may have helped to retain the bearing groundwater moving in the volcaniclastic continuity of the hydrothermal cell circulation. sedimentary and volcanic rocks, through porous and permeable media such as shear zones, unconformity surfaces and bedding or layering planes. When such fluids cooled uranium was deposited near these positions. 22 SECTION SIX SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND GUIDELINES FOR FUTURE INVESTIGATIONS 6.1.0 Summary and Conclusions The uranium deposits of New Brunswick appear to .' "ve developed as a result of the Acadian Figure 1, shows the locations, elemental Orogeny. Hence, the Devono-Carboniferous rocks associations and depositional types for eighty-two appear to form a time-bound zone (uraniferous uranium occurrences in New Brunswick. On this epoch) in New Brunswick and therefore represent map, seven uraniferous domains have been outlined valid targets for uranium exploration. The Acadian from the previously published lithotectonic Orogeny appears to have mobilized uranium and framework of the province. The marked agreement other metals from zones deep in the earth's crust and between the uraniferous domains and these transported them to near surface zones. The Acadian lithotectonic zones suggests that the uranium was Orogeny also produced suitable mechanisms and concentrated in direct response to the major environments for uranium migration and deposition. geological events of the zones. Of the seven uraniferous domains, only three presently appear favourable for economic uranium 6.2.0 Guidelines for Future Investigations deposits; the Miramichi Anticlinorium, the Fredericton Trough and the Carboniferous Basin To date, none of the uranium occurrences have domains. The first two domains are essentially been mineable. However, the possibility of locating suitable for magmatic and magmatic-related, vein- economic uranium deposits in the Miramichi type uranium deposits similar to those discovered in Anticlinorium, Fredericton Trough and in the Europe, U.S.A. and Nova Scotia. The third domain is Carboniferous Basin domains appears to be realistic. suitable for supergene, sedimentary-type uranium Future research should concentrate on the deposits similar to those discovered in tht Colorado recognition of appropriate geological, geochemical Plateau, U.S.A. and geoph/sical 'signatures' that lead to the identification of new uranium deposits. The non-cataclastic, post-Acadian Devono- Carboniferous granitic rocks which are emplaced in Among the essential data that a e required for both the Miramichi anticlinorium and in the completing the uranium resource assessment in New Fredericton Trough are apparently the major sources Brunswick is detailed geological mapping and for uranium in these areas. Part of the uranium geochemical and geophysical investigations of the released from the granitic rocks, presumably by post-Acadian plutons. These investigations should weathering, is likely to have been transported either include, as a first step, a detailed radiometric survey in solution or in detritus to the Carboniferous Basin (U, Th and K) in order to evaluate the favourability domain. of these plutons for uranium mineralization. 23 REFERENCES Abbott, D. and Watson, D. Adams, K. 1975: Mineralogy of the Lake George 1981d: Spectrometer and radon-in-soil gas antimony deposit, New Brunswick; surveys and results from soil and Bull. Can. Instit. Min. Metail., v. 68, no. overburden sampling, Monaghan Brook 759, pp. 111-113. property; X.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472782, Minorex Adams, J.A.S. Ltd. 1954: Uranium and thorium contents of volcanic rocks; in Nuclear Geology, ed. Adams, K. H. Faul, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1982: Spectrometer and radon-in-soil gas New York, 414p. surveys and results from soil sampling, Whetstone Brook Claim group; N.B. Adams, K. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment 1980a: Geology, spectrometer and radon-in-soil Report 472814, Minorex Ltd. and radon-in-water gas surveys and results from silt and soil sampling; N.B. Aitken, R.N. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment 1973: The significance of mineralization at Report 472522, Minorex Ltd. Lutes Mountain: N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 70212, Adams, K. B.P. Oil Ltd. 1980b: Radon-in-soil and radon-in-water gas surveys, spectrometer and Anderson, F.D. magnetometer surveys, silts and soil 1962: Geology, Tobique, New Brunswick: sampling and trenching; N.B. Dept. Geol. Surv. Can., Map 37. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472521, Minorex Ltd. Anonymous 1957: McCarthy Option, Shippegan Island; Adams, K. N.B. Dept. of Natural Resources. 1981a: Spectrometer, magnetometer, radem VLF and radon-in-soil gas surveys, Anonymous trenching and results from soil 1979a: Exploration report, Scotch Settlement sampling, Catamaran Fault claim group; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, group; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472470, Amrex Ltd. Assessment Report 472664, Minorex Ltd. Anonymous 1979b: Diamond drilling report, Havelock Adams, K. property; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, 1981b: Spectrometer, radem VLF, Assessment Report 472377, Can. Nickel magnetometer and radon-in-soil Co. Ltd. surveys and results from soil sampling, Dungarvan River claim block, Austria, V. Doaktown, Northumberland; N.B. 1976-1979: Stream and spring sediment Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment geochemistry maps; N.B. Dept. Report 472781, Minorex Ltd. Natural Resources, Plates MP 76-76, 76-77, 77-78,79-47, 79-48, 79-49. Adams, K. 1981c: Spectrometer, magnetometer, radem Austria, V. and radon surveys and results from 1977: Uranium distribution in lake and overburden and soil sampling, south stream sediments in New Brunswick; Renous River claim group; N.B. Dept. N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Plates Natural Resources, Assessment Report MP 77-16,77-19,77-20. 472780, Minorex Ltd. 24 Ball, F.D. and Gemmell, D.E. Bowie, S.H. 1975: Carboniferous compilation; N.B. Dept. 1979: The mode of occurrence and distribution Natural Resources, v. IV, Uranium and of uranium deposits: Phil. Roy. Soc. Base Metals, Tropical Report 75-22. London Trans., series A, v. 291, pp. 289- 300. Beaudin, J., Gallais, C. and Schimann, K. 1980: Manners Sutton claims: X.B. Dept. Boyle, R.W. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 1982: Geochemical prospecting for thorium 472589, Seru N'ucleaire Canada Ltd. and uranium deposits: in Developments in Economic Geology 16, Elsevier Bell, R.T. Scientific Pub. comp., 498p. 1976: Geology of uranium in sandstones in Canada; Geol. Surv. Can., Paper 76-1A, Brack, W. pp. 337-340. 1981a: Mount Champlain claims: N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report Belt, E.S. 472706, L'ranerz Expl. and Mining Ltd. 1968: Post-Acadian rifts and related facies, eastern Canada; in Studies of Brack, W. Appalachian Geology Northern and 1981b: South Oromocto Lake claims: N.B. Maritime, eds. E-an Zen, W.S. White, Dept. Natural Resources. Assessment J.B. Hadley, and J.B. Thompson, Jr., Report 472737, L'ranerz Expl. and Interscience, N.Y., pp. 95-116. Mining Ltd. Berning, J., Cooke, R., Hiemstra, S.A. and Hoffman, Brack, W. U. 1982a: South Oromocto Lake claims; N.B. 1976: The Rossing uranium deposit, Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment southwest Africa; Econ. Geol., v. 71, Report 472868, Uranerz Expl. Mining pp. 351-368. Ltd. Bilibin, Yu, A. Brack, W. 1968: Metallogenic provinces and 1982b: Duck Lake claims: -New Brunswick metallogenic epochs; Queens College Dept. of Forests, Mines and Energy, Press, N.Y., 35p. Assessment Report, 472895 and 472855, Uranerz Expl. and Mining Ltd. Bird, J.M. and Dewey, J.F. 1970: Lithosphere plate-continental margin Brack, W. tectonics and evolution of the 1983: Juvenile Mountain (Duck Lake) claims: Appalachian orogen; Geol. Soc. Amer. N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Bull., v. 81, pp. 1031-1059. Assessment Report 472983, L'ranerz Expl. and Mining Ltd. Bloemraad, J. and Reid, G.L. 1980: Geological, geophysical and Bradley, DC geochemical report on the Cleaveland 1983: Tectonics of the Acadian Orogeny in claim group; N.B. Dept. Natural New England and adjacent Canada, J. Resources, Assessment Report 472514, Geol., v. 91, pp. 381-400. Beth-Canada Mining Co. Breger, I.A. Bohse, H., Rose-Hansen, J., Sorensen, H., Steenfelt, 1974: The role of organic matter in the A., Lougorg, L., and accumulation of uranium; in Formation Kunzendorf, H. of Uranium Ore Deposits, Intern. Atom. 1974: On behaviour of uranium during Energ. Agency, Vienna, pp. 99-124. crystallization of magmas-with special emphasis on alkali' e magmas; in Brule, D. Formation of Uranium Ore Deposits, 1982: Geochemistry, geology and trenching Intern. Atom. Energ. Agency, Vienna, Trout Lake; N.B. Dept. Natural pp. 49-60. Resources, Assessment Report 472809, Eldorado Nuclear Ltd. 25 Bucknell, W.R. Butler, R.B. 1976: West Mill Settlement property; N.B. 1981: Diamond drilling, Trout Lake; X.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 470336, Rio Canex. Report 472693, Western Mines Ltd. Burke, K.B.S. and Chandra, J.J. Carpenter, R.H., Gallagher, J.R.L., and Huber, G.G. 1983: Gravity survey of the epicentral area of 1979: Modei of uranium occurrences in the main sequence of 1982 Miramichi Colorado Front Range; Quart. Colorad. earthquakes; N.B. Dept. of Natural School of Mines, v. 74, no. 3, 76p. Resources, Open File Report 83-3, 27p. Carr, PA. Burns, T.E. 1968: Stratigraphy and spore assemblages. 1980a: Geology and geochemistry of the Stew- Moncton Map-area; Geol. Surv. Can.. Evy claim groups; N'.B. Dept. Natural Paper 67-29, 47p. Resources, Assessment Report 472701, Can. Occidental Petroleum Ltd. Carroll, B.M.W. 1977a: Hampton Uranium; N.B. Dept. Natural Burns, T.E. Resources, Mineral Occurrence Report. 1980b: Geology and geochemistry of the Stew- 21-H/12W-7. Evy claim groups; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472703, Carroll, B.M.W. Can. Occidental Petroleum Ltd. 1977b: Mineral occurrences in New Brunswick. 21 - G/7E to 21 - G/16W, New Butler, R.B. Brunswick Department of Natural 1980a: Geological, geophysical and Resources, Mineral Resources Branch, geochemical surveys and trenching, Open File Report 77-3. Otter Brook; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472523, Chandra, J.J. Western Mines Ltd. 1979: Airborne gamma-ray spectrometer survey of New Brunswick; N.B. Dept. Butler, R.B. Natural Resources, Plate MP 79-152. 1980b: Geological, geophysical and geochemical surveys, Bald Head Lake; Chandra, J.J. N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, 1981: Ground investigation of airborne Assessment Report 472580, Western gamma-ray radiotnetric anomalies in Mines Ltd. New Brunswick by truck-mounted and hand-held gamma-ray sensor; L'npubl. Butler, R.B. M.Sc. thesis, L'niv New Brunswick, 1980c: Geological, geophysical and 199p. geochemical surveys and trenching, Trout Lake; N.B. Dept. Natural Chatterjee, A.K., Robertson, J. and Pollock, D. Resources, Assessment Report 472579, 1982: A summary on the petrometallogenesis Western Mines Ltd. of the uranium mineralization of Millet Brook, South Mountain batholith, Nova Butler, R.B. Scotia; in Mineral Resources Division, 1980d: Geological, geophysical and Report of Activities, pp. 57-66. geochemical surveys and trenching, Lily Lake; N.B. Dept. Natural Chatterjee, A.K. and Strong, D.F. Resources, Assessment Report 472573, 1984: Discriminant and factor analysis of Western Mines Ltd. geochemical data from granitoid rocks hosting the Millet Brook uranium Butler, R.B. mineralization, South Mountain 1980e: Diamond drilling report, Lily Lake Batholith, Nova Scotia; Uranium, v. 1, claim; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, pp. 289-305. Assessment Report 472692, Western Mines Ltd. Cherdyntsev, V.V. 1971: Uranium-234; Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusaleum, 234p. 26 Colucci, J. Cross, D.B. 1971: Smith Creek property; N.B. Dept. 1978c: Geophysical and geochemical results, Natural Resources, Assessment Report McConnell Brook property; N.B. Dept. 470595, Erasmina Ltd. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472369, Minorex Ltd. Colucci, J. 1983: Jordon Mountain Manganese property; Crouse, G. N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, 1975a: Geology of map-area K-ll, Long and Assessment Report 472941. Trouser Lakes; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Plate 77-191. Constable, D.W. 1975a: Fission Track survey, Jordan Crouse, G. Mountain; N.B. Dept. Natural 1975b: Geology of Map-area K-12, Gulquac and Resources, Assessment Report 470624, Island Lakes; N.B. Dept. Natural Kerr-Addison Mines Ltd. Resources, Plate 77-192. Constable, D.W. Crouse, G.W. 1975b: Fission track survey, Millstream 1979: Geology of head of Little Southwest property; N.B. Dept. Natural Nepisiquit River" head of North Pole Resources,Assessment Report 470597, Brook'Mitchell Lake region (map areas Kerr-Addison Mines Ltd. L-9, L-10, L-ll). Mineral Resources Branch, New Brunswick Department of Cooper, P. Natural Resources, Mineral Resources 1978: Harvey Station group; N.B. Dept. Branch, Map Report 79-4, 22p. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472213, Noranda Expl. Ltd. Currie, K.L., Nance, R.D., Pajari, G.E. and Pickerill, R.K. Cooper, P. 1981: Some aspects of the pre-Carboniferous 1980: Midgic uranium property; N.B. Dept. geology of Saint John, New Brunswick; Natural Resources, Assessment Report in Current Research, Part A, pp. 23-30. 472538, Brunswick Mining and Smelting. Curtis, L. 1981: Uranium in volcanic and volcaniclastic Cowan, M.F. rocks - examples from Canada, 1977a; Diamond drilling, Lutes Mountain; Australia, and Italy; in L'ranium in N.B. Dept. of Forest, Mines and Energy, Volcanic and Volcaniclastic Rocks, Assessment Report 472140, Aquitaine Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Company of Canada. Geologists Studies in Geology, no. 13, pp. 37-53. Cowan, M.F. 1977b: Dee Brook property; N.B. Dept. Natural Dahlkamp, F.J. Resources, Assessment Report 470484, 1978: A classification of uranium deposits; Aquitaine Company of Canada. Mineral Deposita, v. 13, pp. 83-104. Cross, D.B. Darnley,A.G. 1978a: Gamma-ray spectrometry survey, 1932: 'Hot' granites: some general remarks; in McConnel Brook property; N.B. Dept. Uranium in Granites, ed. Y.T. Maurice, Natural Resources, Assessment Report Geol. Surv. Can., paper 18-23, pp. 1-10. 472228, Minorex Ltd. Davidson, C.F. Cross, D.B. 1966: Some genetic relatioship between ore 1978b; Gamma-ray spectrometry survey, Blue deposits and evaporites; Istit. Min. Mountain property; N.B. Dept. Natural Metall., v. 75, pp. B216-B225. Resources, Assessment Report 472230, Minorex Ltd. Da vies, J.L. 1966: Geology of the Bathurst-Newcastle area, New Brunswick; Guidebook, Geology of parts of Atlantic Provinces, ed. W.H. Poole, Geol. Assoc. Can., 155p. 27 DeVivo, B. and Ippolito, F. EMR 1984: Uranium in the economics of energy; in 1985: Uranium in Canada; Energy, Mines Uranium geochemistry, mineralogy, and Resources, Ottawa, Report EP 85-3. geology, exploration and resources, eds. B. DeVivo, F. Ippolito, G. Capaldi and Fiset, N.K. and Lewis, M. P.R. Simpson, Istit. Min. Metal!., 1980: Geophysical work on Long claim group: pp. 162-166. N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472556, Scintrix Dongarra, G. Ltd. for Can. Occidental Petroleum Ltd. 1984: Geochemical behaviour of uranium in the supergene environment: in Ford, K.L. Uranium geochemistry, mineralogy, 1982: Investigation of regional airborne geology, exploration and resources, eds. gamma ray spectrometric patterns in B. DeVivo, F. Ippolito, G. Capaldi and New Brunswick and Nova Scotia; Geol. P.R. Simpson, Instit. Min. Metall., pp. Surv. Can., paper 82-1B, pp. 177-194. 18-22. Fyffe, L.R. Donohoe, H.V., and Barr, S.M. 1982: Geology in the vicinity of the 1982 1981: Radiometric ages from the Avalon zone Miramichi earthquake; in Earth of northern Nova Scotia and Cape Physics Branch Open File Report 82-24. Breton Island (Abstr); Geol. Soc. Amer. Ottawa, pp. 44-46. Bull., Abstr. with Programs, v. 13, pp. 129. Fyffe, L.R. 1983: Upper Paleozoic plutons rocks of the Dostal, J., and Capedri, S. Canadian Appalachians; in Regional 1978: Uranium in metamorphic rocks; Trends in the Geology of the Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., v. 66, pp. 409- Appalachian-Caledonian-Hercynian- 414. Mauritanide Orogen, ed. P.E. Schenk. NATO ASI series, pp. 178-185. Dunsmore, H.E. 1977: Uranium resources of the Permo- Fyffe, L.R. Carboniferous Basin, Atlantic Canada; 1985: Geology of New Brunswick: Regional Geol. Surv. Can., Paper 77-1B, pp. 341- geological setting; in Fredericton '85, 348. Field Excursions, eds. R.K. Pickerill, C.K. Mawer and L.R. Fyffe, v. I, Univ. Dyck, W. of New Brunswick, pp. 109-114. 1975: Geochemistry applied to uranium exploration; in Uranium exploration Fyffe, L.R., Pajari, G.E., Jr., and Cherry, M.E. '75, Geol. Surv. Can., Paper 75-26, pp. 1981: The Acadian plutonic rocks of New 33-47. Brunswick; Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology, v. 17, pp. 23-36. Dyck, W. 1978: The mobility and concentration of Fyffe, L.R., Ruitenberg, A.A., McCutcheon, S.R., uranium and its decay products in Chandra, J.J. and Wallace, J.W. temperate surficial environments; in 1982: Structural map of New Brunswick; N.B. Short Course in Uranium Deposits, ed. Dept. Natural Resources, Plate MP 82- M.M. Kimberley, University of Toronto 178. Press, pp. 57-100. Finch, W.I. Dyck, W., Chatterjee, A.K., Gemmell, D.E. and 1982: Potential uses of genetic-geological Murricane, K. modelling to identify new uranium 1976: Well water trace element provinces; in Uranium Exploration reconnaissance, eastern Maritime Methods; OECD/IAEA, Paris, pp. 263- Canada; J. Geoch. Expl., v. 6, pp. 139- 272. 162. Gabelman.J.W. 1981: Microscopic distribution of thorium and uranium in volcanic rock textures and minerals; in Uranium in Volcanic and 28 Volcaniclastic Rocks, Bull. Amer. Graves, G. Assoc. Petroleum Geologist Studies in 1981a: Midgic uranium property, N.B. Dept. Geology, no. 13, pp. 23-36. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472777. Gariepy, Y. 1981: Wards Creek property; N.B. Dept. Graves, G. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 1981b: Cape Spear uranium property; N.B. 472729, Uranerz Expl. and Mining Ltd. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472662, Brunswick Mining and Gasparini, P., and Mantovani, M.S.M. Smelting. 1980: Geochemistry and geology of uranium deposits; in Geophysical Aspects of the Greiner, H. Energy Problem, Energy Research 1, 1974: The Albert Formation of New Elsevier, pp. 260-278. Brunswick: a Paleozoic lacustrine model; Geol. Rundschau 63, pp. 1102- Gemmell, D.E. 1113. 1975: Carboniferous volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Mount Gross, G.A. Pleasant Caldera and Hoyt Appendage, 1957: Uranium deposits of Gaspe, New New Brunswick; L'npubl. M.Sc. thesis, Brunswick and Nova Scotia; Geol. Surv. Univ. New Brunswick, llOp. Can., Paper 57-2. Gittings, F.W. Gruner.J.W. 1980: Geology and geochemistry ??of the Blue 1956: Concentration of uranium in sediments claim group; N.B. Dept. Natural by multiple migration-accretion; Econ. Resources, Assessment Report 472700. Geol., v. 51, no. 6, pp. 495-520. Glackmeyer, K. Guild, P. W. 1973: Induced polarization survey, Long Lake 1978: Metallogenesis in the western U.S.; J. claim group; N.B. Dept. Natural Geol. Soc, London, v. 135, pp. 355-376. Resources, Assessment Report 470797. Gusso.-, W.C. Gleeson, C.F. 1953: Carboniferous stratigraphy and 1979: Preliminary geochemical report on the structural geology of New Brunswick; Dungaruon property (21J/10E); N.B. Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Geologists, v. 37, no. 7, pp. 1713-1816. Report 472447, Bagdad Exploration Associates Inc. Halliday, A.N. 1981: On the sources of uranium in some Graham, W.F. Scottish Caledonian granites; Min. 1980: Geochemical sampling, Canterbury Mag., v. 44, pp. 437-442. Group; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 272645, Brunswick Hassan, H.H. Mining and Smelting Corp. Ltd. 1984: Uranium and thorium distribution in the rocks of southwestern New Grant, D.B. and Pollock, D.W. Brunswick, Canada; Unpub. Ph.D. 1978: Geological and geochemical report, thesis, Univ. New Brunswick, 375p. Rocky Brook claim, York County; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Hattie, D. and Newhouse, J.K. Report 472461, Aquitaine Company of 1980: VLF-EM, magnet' J and assays, Canada Ltd. Irishtown; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472508. Graves, G. 1980: Midgic uranium property; N.B. Dept. Hattie, D.W. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 1981: Report on drilling and geophysical and 472610, Brunswick Mining and geochemical tests in March 1981, Otter Smelting. Brook; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, 29 Assessment Report 472712, Westmin Horst, R.L. Resources Ltd. 1977b: Geochemical and geophysical report, Cornhill 'C property; N.B. Dept. Hauseux, M. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 1980: Geology and geochemistry of the Serpy 470468, Can. Nickel Co. Ltd. claim group; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472696, Horst, R.L. Can. Occidental Petroleum Ltd. 1977c: Geochemical and geophysical report. Glenvale property; N.B. Dept. Natural Hauseux, M. Resources, Assessment Report 470469. 1981a: Geology and geochemistry of Long Can. Nickel Co. Ltd. Claim group; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472695, Horst, R.L. Can. Occidental Petroleum Ltd. 1977d: Geochemical and geophysical report. Jordan Mountain 'A' property; N.B. Hauseux, M. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment 1981b: Wood and soil geochemistry of the N'W Report 470464, Can. Nickel Co. Ltd. area of the Bear claim; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report Horst, R.L. 472727, Can. Occidental Petroleum Ltd. I977e: Geochemical and geophysical report. Millstream property; N.B. Dept. Helmstaedt, H. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 1971: Structural geology of Portage Lakes 472107, Can. Nickel Co. Ltd. area, Bathurst-Newcastle district, New Brunswick: Geol. Surv. Can., Paper 70- Horst, R.L. 28. I977f: Geochemical, geophysical and drilling report, Berwick property; N.B. Dept. Hendry, K.N. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 1980: Oromocto Lake; N.B. Dept. Natural 470499, Can. Nickel Co. Ltd. Resources, Assessment Report 472563, Cominco Ltd. Horst, R.L. 1977g: Geochemical, geophysical and drilling Hennessy, J. report, Havelock property; N.B. Dept. o( 1981: A classification of British Caledonian Forests, Mines and Energy, Assessment granites based on uranium and thorium Report 470471, Can. Nickel Co. Ltd. contents; Min. Mag., v. 44, pp. 449-454. Horst, R.L. Holliday, S. 1977h: Geochemical and geophysical report. 1972: Report of geochemistry and diamond Havelock property; N.B. Dept. Natural drill hole east of Queenstown area; N.B. Resources, Assessment Report 472192, Dept. of Forest, Mines and Energy, Can. Nickel Co. Ltd. Assessment Report 470166. Horst, R.L. Holtz, W.T. and Cowan, M.F. 1977i: Mount Pisgah property; N.B. Dept. 1976: Geological, geochemical, radiometric Natural Resources, Assessment Report and induced polarization surveys of 470470, Can. Nickel Co. Ltd. Lutes Mountain property; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report Horst, R.L. 470262, Aquitaine Company of Canada. 1977J: Geological report, Harrison Brook property; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Horst, R.L. Assessment Report 472096, Can. Nickel 1977a: Geochemical and geophysical report, Co. Ltd. Cornhill property; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472106, Horst, R.L. Can. Nickel Co. Ltd. 1977k: Geochemical and geophysical report, Kennebecasis River property; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 470463, Can. Nickel Co. Ltd. 30 Horst, R.L. Irinki, R.R 1978a: Geological report, Cornhill 'A' property; 1975: K-10, Head of Serpentine River and N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Lake(210/2W). Assessment Report 472189, Can. Nickel Co. Ltd. Jagodits, F.L. 1981: Geophysical surveys on Shawn claim Horst, R.L. group; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, 1978b: Geological report, Cornhill 'B' property; Assessment Report 472796, Barclay N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Exploration Services Ltd. to Can. Assessment Report 472190, Can. Nickel Occidental Petroleum Ltd. Co. Ltd. Kipling, R.W. Horst, R.L. 1979: Oromocto Lake property; N.B. Dept. 1978c: Geological report, Cornhill 'C property; Natural Resources, Assessment Report N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, 472444, Cominco Ltd. Assessment Report 472191, Can. Nickel Co. Ltd. Kipling, R.W. 1980a: French Lake project; N.B. Dept. Horst, R.L. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 1978d: Geological report, Glenvale property; 472571, Cominco Ltd. N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472188, Can. Nickel Kipling, R.W. Co. Ltd. 1980b: French Lake project; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report Horst, R.L. 472594, Cominco Ltd. 1978e: Geochemical, geophysical and drilling report, Jordan Mountain 'B' property; Klepper, M.R., and Wyant, D.G. N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, 1965: Uraniferous Provinces, Geology of Assessment Report 472205, Can. Nickel atomic raw materials: Co. Ltd. Gosgesltekhizdat, Mosca (In Russian). Horst, R.L. Kostov, I. 1978f: Geochemical and geophysical report, 1977: Crystallochemical differentiation and Kennebecasis River property; N.B. localization of uranium ore deposits in Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment the Earth's crust; in Recognition and Report 472193, Can. Nickel Co. Ltd. Evaluation of Uraniferous Areas, Intern. Atom. Energ. Agency, Vienna, Howarth, R.J., Koch, G.S., Plant, J.A., and Lowry, pp. 15-33. R.K. 1981: Identification of uraniferous granitoids Kovalev, V.P., and Mulyasova, Z.V. in the USA using stream sediment 1971: The content of mobile uranium in geochemical data; Min. Mag., v. 44, pp. extrusive and intrusive rocks of the 455-470. eastern margin of the South Minusinsk Basin; Geoch. Intern., v. 8, pp. 541-549. Hutchinson, R.W. and Blackwell, J.D. 1984: Time, crustal evolution and generation Krause, B.R. of uranium deposits; in Uranium 1982: Airborne electromagnetic geophysical geochemistry, mineralogy, geology, survey, Berry Mills-Shediac River; N.B. exploration and resources, eds. B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment DeVivo, F. Ippolito, G. Capaldi and P.R. Report 472812, Can. Nickel Co. Ltd. Simpson; Instit. Min. Metall., pp. 89- 100. Kuan, S. 1970: The geology of Carboniferous rocks in IAEA the Harvey area, New Brunswick: 1977: Recognition and Evaluation of Unpub. M.Sc. thesis, Univ. New uraniferous provinces; Intern. Atom. Brunswick, 77p. Energ. Agency, Vienna, pp. 217-227. 31 Kuss.C.P. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment 1980: Geochemical, geophysical and Report 472472, Urangesellschaft geological report, Pokiok property; N'.B. Canada Ltd. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472536, Marline Oil Co. Lipowicz, T. 1980: Geology and geochemistry of the Laanela, H. northern part of the Shawn claim 1980: Trout Brook claim group, New group; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources. Brunswick: N.B. Dept. Natural Assessment Report 472697, Can. Resources, Assessment Report 472652, Occidental Petroleum Ltd. Eldorado Nuclear Ltd. Lisitin, A.K. Lafontaine, M.A.G. 1962: Form of occurrence of uranium in 1979a: Geology, soil geochemistry and ground waters and conditions of its radiometry, Dungarvon claim group, precipitation as UOo; Geochemistry, no. New Brunswick; N.B. Dept. Natural 9, pp. 876-884. Resources, Assessment Report 472475, Eldorado Nuclear Ltd. Lockhart.A.W. 1970: Millstream claim group; N.B. Dept. Lafontaine, M.A.G. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 1979b: Geology, soil geochemistry and 470596, Falconbridge Nickel Mines Ltd. radiometry, McAdam group; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report Lockhart, A.W. 472476, Eldorado Nuclear Ltd. 1979: West Mill Settlement property: N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Lafontaine, M.A.G. Report 472432, Lockhart Exploration 1980: Geology, soil geochemistry and Services Ltd. radiometry, Trout Lake; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report Logan, CM. 472517, Eldorado Nuclear Ltd. 1970: Dee Brook property; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 470625, Lang, A.H., Griffith, J.W. and Steacy, H.R. Noranda Exploration Co. Ltd. 1962: Canadian deposits of uranium and thorium; Geol. Surv. Can., Econ. Geol. Madon, Z. and Jenkins, C. Series no. 16,324p. 1979: Wards Creek property; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report Langmuir, D. 472448, Uranerz Expl. and Mining Ltd. 1978a: Uranium solution-mineral equilibria at low temperatures with applications to MacGibbon, A.T. sedimentary ore deposits; in Short 1976a: Millstream property; N.B. Dept. Course in Uranium Deposits, ed. M.M. Natural Resources, Assessment Report Kimberley, University of Toronto Press, 470577, Can. Nickel Co. Ltd. pp. 17-55. MacGibbon, AT. Langmuir, D. 1976b: Diamond drilling report, Harrison 1978b: Uranium solution-mineral equilibria at Brook; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, low temperatures with applications to Assessment Report 470672, Can. Nickel sedimentary ore deposits; Geochim. Co. Ltd. Cosmochim. Acta, v. 42, pp. 547-569. MacGibbon, A.T. Leonard, K.W. 1977a: Geophysical and drilling report, 1982: Geology and geochemistry of Long Cocagne River; N.B. Dept. Natural claim group; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 471585, Resources, Assessment Report 472797, Can. Nickel Co. Ltd. Can. Occidental Petroleum Ltd. MacGibbon, A.T. Linz, E. 1977b: Geochemical and geophysical report, 1979: Annual Report on exploration Hayward Brook; N.B. Dept. Natural activities, Plaster Rock group; N.B. 32 Resources, Assessment Report 472119, Mawer, C K. and Williams, P.F. Can. Nickel Co. Ltd. 1985: Crystalline rocks as possible paleoseismicity indicators; Geology, MacGibbon, A.T. v.13, pp. 100-102. 1978a. Drilling report. Berry Mills property; N'.B. Dept. Natural Resources, McAllister, A.L. Assessment Report 472215, Can. Nickel 1954: Report on uranium prospect at Little Co. Ltd. Popelogan Brook in Restigouche County, New Brunswick; N.B. Dept. MacGibbon, A.T. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 1978b: Geophysical report, Cornhill property; 471970. N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472282, Can. Nickel McDonald. C.J.D. Co. Ltd. 1979: Lake George group (21G/14E). N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment MacGibbon, A.T. Report 472491, Brunswick Mining and 1979a: Geophysical, geochemical and diamond Smelting Co. Ltd. drilling report, Berry Mills; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report McKerrow, W.S., and Ziegler, A.M. 472376, Can. Nickel Co. Ltd. 1971: The Lower Silurian paleogeography of New Brunswick and adjacent area; MacGibbon, A.T. Jour. Geol., v. 71, pp. 635-646. 1979b: Geophysical, geochemical and diamond drilling report, Shediac River property; McLeod, M.J. and Ruitenberg, A.A. N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, 1978: Geology and mineral deposits of the Assessment Report 472381, Can. Nickel Dorchester area, map-area W-22, W-23: Co. Ltd. N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Map Report 78-4,27pp. MacGibbon, A.T. 1979c: Kleef Brook property; N.B. Dept. McMillan, R.H. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 1978: Genetic aspects and classification of 472442, Can. Nickel Co. Ltd. important Canadian uranium deposits; in Short Course in Uranium Deposits: MacGibbon, A.T. Their Mineralogy and Origin, ed. M.M. 1980: Geochemical, geophysical and diamond Kimberley, Univ. of Toronto Press, pp. drilling, Berry-Mills- Shediac River 187-204. property; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472515, Can. Nickel McMurchy, R.C. Co. Ltd. 1954: Report on diamond drilling program, Hampton area; N.B. Dept. Natural MacNabb, BE. and Pichette, R.J. Resources, Assessment Report 472116, 1978: Report on exploration, Fredericton Kingston Uranium Ltd. Project, North View, New Brunswick; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, McNamara, H.C. Assessment Report 472231, Lacana 1978: West Mill Settlement property; N.B. Mining Corporation. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472224, Rayrock Mines. MacNabb, BE. and Pichette, R.J. 1979: Report on exploration, Fredericton McNamara, H.C. project, North View, New Brunswick; 1980: Shin Creek; N.B. Dept. Natural N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Resources, Assessment Report 472601. Assessment Report 472433, Lacana Mining Corporation. McNamara, H.C. 1981: Shin Creek; N.B. Dept. Natural Madon, Z. and Jenkins, C. Resources, Assessment Report 472765. 1979: Wards Creek property; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472448, Uranerz Expl. and Mining. 33 Moreau, M. Nishimori, P.K., Ragland, P.C., Rogers, J.J.W., and 1976: L'uranium et les granitoides: essai Greenberg, J.K. d'interpretation; in Geology, Mining 1977: Uranium deposits in granitic rocks; and Extractive processing of Uranium, Energy Research and Development ed. M.J. Jones; Institution of Mining Administration, Grand Junction, and Metal, London, pp. 83-102. Colorado, Report GJEX-13. Morrissy, C.L. and Ruitenberg, A.A. Xoble.J.A. 1980: Geology of the Lake George antimony 1970: Metal provinces of the western United deposit, southern New Brunswick; Can. States; Geol. Soc. Amer., v. 81, pp. 1067- (nstit Min. Metall., v. 73, pp. 79-84. 1624. N'ash, J.T., Granger, H.C. and Adams, S.S. O'Connor, P.J. 1981: Geology and concepts of genesis of 1981: Radioelement geochemistry of Irish important types of uranium deposits; in granites; Min. Mag., v. 44, pp. 485-495. B.J. Skinner, Econ. Geol., v. 75, pp. 63- 116. OECD 1978: World uranium potential; Paris. N'aumov, G.B. Organization for Economic Cooperation 1959: Transportation of uranium in and Development, 170p. hydrothermal solution as a carbonate: Geochemistry, no. 1, pp. 5-20. OECD 1982: Uranium: resources, production and N'aumov, G.B. demand; Paris, Organization for 1961: Some physiocochemical characteristics Economic Cooperation and of the behaviour of uranium in Development, 213p. hydrothermal solutions; Geochemistry, no. 2, pp. 127-147. Oicle, R.G. 1978: Lutes Mountain property; N.B. Dept. Needlands, J.T. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 1971: Geology and geochemistry of the Long 472336, Norcen Energy Resources. claim group; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 470794. Parrish, IS. Can. Occidental Petroleum Ltd. 1977: Mineral catalog for the Mount Pleasant deposit of Brunswick Tin Mines; Can. Newell, J.M. and Bruce, G.S.W. Mineral., v. 15, pp. 121-126. 1957: Harvey Station claims; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report Parrish, I.S. and Tully.J.V. 470179, Uranium Metals and Mining 1978: Porphyry tungsten zones at Mt. Ltd. Pleasant, N.B.; Can. Instit. Min. Metall. Bull., v. 71, no. 794, pp. 93-100. Newell, J.M. 1958: Harvey Station claims; N.B. Dept. Pesalj, R. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 1981: G«?ochemical, geophysical and diamond 472240, N.B. Uranium Metals and drilling report, Berry Mills-Shediac Mining Ltd. River property; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment ReDOrt 472660, Nikhanj, Y.S. Can. Nickel Co. Ltd. 1972a: Assessment work report, Lutes Mountain claims group; N.B. Dept. Phillipson, A.D. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 1972: Drilling project on the Cherry Hill 470211, B.P. Oil Ltd. claims, Harvey Station; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report Nikhanj, U.S. 470178, B.P. Oil Ltd. 1972b: Kinnear Settlement uranium claim; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Report Pickerill, R.K. and Carter, D. 21H/14-26, B.P. Minerals Ltd. 1980: Sedimentary facies and depositional history of the Albert Formation; N.B. 34 Dept. Natural Resources, Open File 80- Resources, Assessment Report 472552, 2,132p. Can. Occidental Petroleum Ltd. Pant, J., Brown, G.C., Simpson, PR., and Smith, R.T. Robertson, D.M. 1980: Signatures of metalliferous granites in 1979c: Geology and geochemistry of the Add the Scottish Caledonides: Instit. Min. claim group; N.B. Dept. Natural Metall. Trans., section B, v. 89, pp. Resources, Assessment Report 472555, B198-B210. Can. Occidental Petroleum Ltd. Rast, N*. Robertson, D.M. 1983: The northern Appalachian traverses in 1979d: Geology and geochemistry of the Serpy the Maritimes of Canada; in Profiles of claim group; N.B. Dept. Natural Orogenic Belts, eds. N. Rast and F.M. Resources, Assessment Report 472554, Delany, Geodynamics Series Volume Can. Occidental Petroleum Ltd. 10, Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington, D.C., 310p. Robertson, D.M. 1979e: Geology and Geochemistry of anomalies Rast, N.R., and Grant, R.H. 22, 23, and 24; N.B. Dept. Natural 1973: The Variscan Front in southern New Resources. Brunswick; in New England Intercollegiate Geologic Conference, Robertson, D.M. field guide to excursions geology of New 1980a: Geology and geochemistry of the Long Brunswick, ed. N. Rast, pp. 4-11. claim group; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources. Rich, R.A. Holland, H.D., and Petersen, U. 1977: Hydrothermal uranium deposits; Robertson, D.M. Developments in Economic Geology, no. 1980b: Geology and geochemistry of the Bear 6, Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co., N.Y., claim group; N.B. Dept. Natural 264p. Resources, Assessment Report 472553, Can. Occidental Petroleum Ltd. Rieppo, R. 1978: A method to investigate the secular Robertson, D.S., Tilsley, J.E. and Hogg, G.M. equilibrium of natural radioactive 1978: The time-bound character of uranium series; Geoexploration, v. 16, pp. 177- deposits; Econ. Geol., v. 73, pp. 1409- 183. 1419. Roberts, G.L. Rodgers, J. 1977: Geological, radiometric and 1970: The tectonics of the Appalachians: geochemical survey of Lutes Mountain; Wiley Interscience, 277p. N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 472127, Casan Rodgers, J. Mining Ltd. 1971: The Taconic Orogeny; Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., v. 82, pp. 1141-1178. Roberts, G.L. 1979: Geophysical radon gas survey of Lutes Rogers, J.J., Ragland, P.C., Nishimori, R.K., Mountain property; N.B. Dept. Natural Greenberg, J.K., and Hauck, S.A. Resources, Assessment Report 472459, 1978: Varieties of granitic uranium deposits Casan Mining Ltd. and favourable exploration areas in the eastern United States; Econ. Geol., v. Robertson, D.M. 73, pp. 1539-1555. 1979a: Geology and geochemistry of the Stew claim group; N.B. Dept. Natural Romberger.S.B. Resources, Assessment Report 472557, 1984: Transport and deposition of uranium in Can. Occidental Petroleum Ltd. hydrothermal systems at temperatures up to 300°C: geological implications; in Robertson, D.M. Uranium geochemistry, mineralogy, 1979b: Geology and geochemistry of the Blue geology, exploration and resources, eds. claim group; N.B. Dept. Natural B. DeVivo, F. Ippolito, G. Capaldi and 35 P.R. Simpson, Instit. Min. Metall., pp. Ruitenberg, A.A., and McCutcheon, S.R. 12-17. 1982: Acadian and Hercynian structural evolution of southern New Brunswick: Rosholt, J.N., Prijana, and Noble, D.C. in Major structural zones and faults of 1971: Mobility of uranium and thorium in the northern Appalachians, eds. P. St. glassy and crystallized silicic volcanic Julien and J. Beland, Geol. Assoc. Can., rocks; Econ. Geol., v. 66, pp. 1061-1069. Special Paper 24. pp. 131-148. Roscoe, S.M. Ruitenberg, A.A., Ramachandra, B.L. and Watters. 1966: Unexplored uranium and thorium S.E. resources of Canada: Geol. Surv. Can., 1976: L'raniferous volcanogenic sedimentary Paper 66-12. rocks in the West Mill Settlement area: N.B. Dept. Natural Resources. Topical Roscoe, S.M. Rept. 76-1. 1969: Huronian rocks and uraniferous conglomerates in the Canadian Shield: Ruzicka, V. Geol. Surv. Can., Paper 68-40, 205p. 1971: Geological comparison between East European and Canadian uranium Rose, E.R. deposits: Geol. Surv. Can., Paper? 70- 1973: Geology of vanadium and vanadiferous 48,196p. occurrences of Canada; Geol. Surv. Can., Econ. Rept. no. 27. Ruzicka, V. 1982: Studies on uranium metallogenic Ruitenberg, A.A. provinces in Canada: in Uranium 1976: Comparison of volcanogenic mineral Exploration Methods, OECD/1AEA, deposits in the northern Appalachians Paris, pp. 143-15u. and their relationship to tectonic evolution; in ed. K.H. Wolf, Handbook Ruzicka, V. and LeCheminant, G.M. of Strata-Bound and Stratiform Ore 1986: Developments in uranium geology in Deposits, v. 5, pp. 109-159. Canada, 1985; Geol. Surv. Can., Paper 86-1A, pp. 531-540. Ruitenberg, A.A. and Fyffe, L.R. 1982: Mineral deposits associated with Ruzicka, V. and Littlejohn, A.L. granitoid intrusions and related 1981: Studies on uranium in Canada, 1980: in subvolcanic stocks in New Brunswick Current Research, Part A, Geol. Surv. and their relationship to Appalachian Can., Paper 81-1A, pp. 133-144. tectonic evolution; Can. Instit. Min. Metall., v. 75, no. 842, pp. 83-97. Ruzicka, V. and Littlejohn, A.L. 1982: Notes on mineralogy of various types of Ruitenberg, A.A. and Fyffe, L.R. uranium deposits and genetic 1983: Metalic mineral zonation related to implications; in Current Research, Part tectonic evolution of the New A, Geol. Surv. Can., Paper 82-1A, pp. Brunswick Appalachians; in Regional 341-349. Trends in the Geology of the Appalachian-Caledonian-Hercynian- Sakrison, H.C. Mauritanide Orogen, ed. P.E. Schenk, 1972: Project termination report, Renous NATO ASI series, pp. 363-373, D. property, New Brunswick; N.B. Dept. Reidel Pub. Co. Natural Resources, Assessment Report 470285, Cominco Ltd. Ruitenberg, A.A., Fyffe, L.R., McCutcheon, S.R., St. Peter, C.J., Irinki, R.R. Saracogiu, N. and Venugopal, D.V. 1973: Diamond drilling - Long Lake area 1977: Evolution of Pre-Carboniferous (21O/2W); N.B. Dept. Natural Tectonostratigraphic Zones in the New Resources, Assessment Report 473002, Brunswirk Ap;•:.•' .ch'an... Geosci. Can. Occidental Petroleum Ltd. C v '«•, ,_p. "7': Z'i Saunder, D.F. l-)78: Characterization of uraniferous geochemical provinces by aerial i'6 gamma-ray spectrometry; Paper Skinner, R. presented at the 1978 AIME Annual 1975: Geology of Tuadook Lake map area. Meeting, Denver, Colorado, Feb. 28- New Brunswick. Geological Survey of Mar. 2, 25p. Canada, Paper 74'33, 9p. Schimann, K. Smith, A. Y. 1979: Manner Suttons claims; X.B. Dept. 1968: Uranium in stream sediments in Natural Resources, Assessment Report southeastern New Brunswick: X.B. 472456, Seru Xucleaire Canada Ltd. Dept. X'atural Resources, Information Circular 68-3, 4p. Scott, J.D. 1979: Evolution of uranium potential of the Smith, J.C. Lake George antimony mine, X.B.: 1958: Shediac River uranium property Eldorado Xuclear Ltd., L'npubl. (21I/2W); X.B. Dept. of Xatural Company report. Resources. Shatkov, G.A., Shatkova, L.N. and Gushclin, Ye.N. Sorensen, H. 1970: The distribution of uranium, thorium, 1977: Features of the distribution of uranium fluorine, chlorine, molybdenums, and in igneous rocks - Uranium deposits niobium in liparites and acid volcanic associated with igneous rocks; in glasses: Geoch. Inter., v. 7, pp. 1051- Recognition and Evaluation of 1063. uraniferous Areas, Intern. Atom. Energ. Agency, pp. 47-51. Shewman, R.W. and Bucknell, W.R. 1976: Scintillometer, track etcn and drilling Soyer, B. program, West Mill Settlement; X.B. 1984: Geochemistry of uranium in the Dept. Natural Resources, Assessment hydrographic network; in Uranium Report 470176, Rio Canex. geochemistry, mineralogy, geology, exploration and resources, eds. Sibson, R.H., Moore, J. McM. and Rankin, AH. B. DeVivo, F. Ippolito, G. Capaldi and 1975: Seismic pumping - a hydrothermal P.R. Simpson, Instit. Min. Metall., pp. fluid transport mechanism; 109-116. J. Geological Society of London, v. 131, pp. 653-659. Steenfelt, A. 1982: Uranium and selected trace elements in Simon, P., and Rose, A.W. granites from the Caledonides of East 1980: Diagenetic mobilization of uranium and Greenland: Min. Mag., v. 46, pp. 201- iron from red beds of Catskill 210. Formation in eastern Pennsylvania; Bull. Am. Ass. Petrol. Geol., v. 64, no. 5, St. Peter, C. p. 765. 1978: Geology of Head of Wapske River, map- area J-13; X.B. Dept. Xatural Simpson, P.R., Brown, G.C., Plant, J., and Ostle, D. Resources, Map Report 79-1. 1979: Uranium mineralization and granite magmatism in the British Isles; Phil. St. Peter, C. Roy. Soc. London Trans., series A, v. 1979: Geology of Wapske-Odell River- 291, pp. 385-412. Arthurette region, Xew Brunswick; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Map Simpson, P.R., Plant, J.A., Watson, J.V., Green, P.M. Report 79-2,32p. and Fowler, M.B. 1982: The role of metalliferous and Stones, J.F. mineralized uranium granites in the 1978: Gamma-ray spectrometer survey, radon formation of uranium provinces; in gas survey, soil sampling, McConnell Proceedings of the Symposium on Brook property; N.B. Dept. Xatural Uranium Exploration Methods, Review Resources, Assessment Report 472315, of the NEA/IAEA R&D Programme, Minorex Ltd. Paris, pp. 157-170. 37 Strong, D.F., Dickson, W.L. and Pickerill, R.K. Pictou group in New Brunswick; 1979: Chemistry and prehnite-pumpellyite Maritime Sediments, v. 9, pp. 72-77. fades metamorphism of calc-alkaline Carboniferous volcanic rocks of Venugopai, D.V. southeastern New Brunswick, Can. J. 1987: Uranium in New Brunswick; Open File. Earth Sci., v. 16, pp. 1071-1085. No. 1444, Geol. Surv. Can. Taylor, D.M. Villard, D.J. 1975: Assessment report, Havelock property; 1971: Geochemical progress report, Renous N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, property, New Brunswick: N.B. Dept. Assessment Report 470613, B.P. Natural Resources, Assessment Report Minerals Ltd. 470284, Coninco Ltd. Thiede, D.S. and Cameron, E.N. Wardle, R.J. 1978: Concentration of heavy metals in the 1978: Age relationship of the Precambrian Elk Point evaporite sequence, rocks of southern New Brunswick: Saskatchewan; Econ. Geol., v. 73, pp. Unpubl. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. New- 405-415. Brunswick, 230p. Tilling, R.I. and Gottfried, D. Warner, T.L. 1969: Distribution of thorium, uranium and 1980: Geology and geochemistry of the Left potassium in igneous rocks of the claim group; N.B. Dept. Natural Boulder Batholith region, Montana, Resources, Assessment Report 472699, and its bearing on radiogenic heat Can. Occidental petroleum Ltd. production and heat flow; U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper 614-E, 29p. Webb.T.C. 1984: New Brunswick potash deposits; in The Toens, P.D. and Andrews-Speed, C.P. Geology of Industrial Minerals in 1984: The time-bound character of uranium Canada, eds. G.R. Guillet and W. mineralizing processes, with special [artin, Can. Instit. Min. Metall., reference to the Proterozoic of .Special Volume 29, pp. 41-47. Gondwana; Precamb. Research, v. 25, pp. 13-36. Wilson, A.F. 1978: Geological, geophysical and Tremblay, L.P. geochemical exploration, Rocky Brook 1982: Geology of the uranium deposits related area, York county, New Brunswic'-.: to the sub-Athabasca unconformity; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, Saskatchewan; Geol. Surv. Can., Paper Assessment Report 472237, Aquitaine 81-20,56p. Company of Canada Ltd. van de Poll, H.W. Wilson, G.L., Oicle, R.G., Smith, L.J. and Sawyer, 1967: Carboniferous volcanic and D.A. sedimentary rocks of the Mount 1979: 1978-1979 Exploration program, Lutes Pleasant area, New Brunswick; N.B. Mountain property; N.B. Dept. Natural Dept. Natural Resources, Report of Resources, Assessment Report 472458, Investigation no. 3. Norcen Energy Resources. van de Poll, H.W. Wilson, M.R. and Akerblom, G. V. 1972: Paleoclimatic control and stratigraphic 1982: Geological setting and geochemistry of limits of synsedimentary mineral uranium-rich granites in the occurrences in Mississippian-Early Proterozoic of Sweden; Min. Mag., v. 46, Pennsylvanian Strata of eastern pp. 233-245. Canada; Econ. Geol., v. 73, pp. 1069- 1081. Wilson, R.A. 1978: Report on Beadle Mountain claim van de Poll, H.W. group; N.B. Dept. Natural Resources, 1973: Stratigraphy, sediment dispersal and Assessment Report 472216, J.D. Irving fades analysis of the Pennsylvanian Ltd. 38 Wilson, R.A. Yermolayev, N.P. 1980: Beadle Mountain group, Carleton 1973: Uranium and thorium in regional and county, Mew Brunswick; N.B. Dept. contact metamorphism; Geochem. Natural Resources, Assessment Report Intern., v. 10, pp. 418-423. 472562, JO. Irving Ltd. Zielinski, R.A. Workman, A. 1978: Uranium abundances and distribution 1981: Kennebecasis group; N.B. Dept. in associated glassy and crystalline Natural Resources, Assessment Report rhyolites of the western United States; 472690, Gulf Minerals. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., V. 89, pp. 409-414. Yermolayev, N.P. 1971: Processes of redistribution and extraction of uranium in progressive metamorphism; Geochem. Inter., v. 8, pp. 599-509. 39 APPENDIX I GEOLOGY OF URANIUM AND ASSOCIATED ELEMENTS IN NEW BRUNSWICK II. Aroostook-Matapedia Anticlinorium Domain HI. Chaleur-BaySynclinorium Domain IV. Miramichi Anticlinorium Domain V. Fredericton Trough VHA. Carboniferous Basin (Plaster Subbasin) VIIB. Carboniferous Basin (Moncton Subbasin) Carboniferous Basin (Central Carboniferous Subbasin) 40 II. UOOSTMC - KTITOM MTICLlNOtllM mill LOCATION OCttlKKEMCE URANIUM ASSOCIATED ORE ANALYTICAL VALUES ALTKRATIONS SUUCIURE AND Popelogan *S* 50" F.lalc 0.021 UjO (equlv.) •7»5V2O" b Devonian -Rock assays volcanic* 5 X l.n«2 I . Ri.ll n tl J Ily 210/1511 quArtz purphyry o rnirs u i'i<- surveying c • •It -4 c h •tw. -Trenching I if von SB it p »rph ry a nl 1. S ll iy * i.l 1 lt"r*?ii t> Hill *rs f bis*lt 2 . The «ntl• r t* b ,iy ..f r, • art* P irphyry has ».^ t <> \.J*>* b«c'< The bas.il r ', \ v aluos. M lie c ont^rt . f q, P•trphyry a nit r I'll onct 1vlty Is b ark* 1. ** KTS - National Topographic Syatea, •2 i.e. - Background in. IIIIW in mcuBUM nmi UJCATIO* OCCUftUNCS DEPOSIT (MAN1UH ASSOCIATED OKE ANALYTICAL VALUF.S STRUCTURE AND FAPLORATIOH • ut., i«m DESIGNATION MINERALS ULEHeMTS AND AND SIZE TPUCJUHAL CONTKOL EVALUATION NTS •».) mm«Ais k TECHN1UUF.S 4PPI.ICD •vraaa CaMra Devonian felalc volcanic rock* (2M/IW) AthaWUl* 2.H U3O, Devonian felftlc R ho«t < .igthe lei Uranlnlta Crab simple: Kiollnlcntlon The feUlc dyke la I. The «huu|n( Is locate .ttck»W.wl. Hydrocarbon 2.it UjO, (equlv.) •placed near the durveytnt Lang et al., 1942 about 0.»k« H,.,, lh of a Chip «•>!«; tn Irregular Kin of m large -Rock tfwiiys Jr.nlte mnita. O.2U U3O8 (equlv. veinleti (0.3- lyncltne of -Trenching 2. The felnlte dyke Sc« wide) and Paleozoic rrtcka -Short drill weathers to * I In disseminated plunging HE. The hnlea or white I clay-IU mecka and feltlt* dyke has •aterl.il streaks along been offset by iking In ch Devonian N70°e and dipping falalt, dyke ateeply N. Intrudes. Into ju. Ordovtclan (black tlacmt «nd) lalatv irftltit* Cu, rb, Zn, Mo atreasi tedIwnti (avj h* property la An E-U fault la -Rock aaapltng Warner, 1910 he rhynllte- s>e t ^ fltiti 1 ttent rocka which have >een Intruded by a >••• quertz-dlorlte and dtabate dyke. R *D0H - Dlatwnd-drlU hole in. cuuat-iu snCLiimiiM mua LOCATION OCCURRENCE DEPOSIT ASSOCIATE!) ORE ANALYTICAL VALUES STRUCTURE AND EXPLORATION - l*r., long, DESICCATION TYPE ELEMENTS AND AND SIZE STRUCTURAL CONTROL EVALUATION NTS no.) MINERALS t TECHNIQUES APPLIED 'lutcops aivl float rock I) up to *.2ppa Cu up Co 264ppa Pb up to 5630ppa Zn up to 4640ppa Ag up to t.2ppa Trench Maples: (rhynlltic tgnlabrlte) Cu-0.0141 ov,i 1.65. Pb-0.18Z over 1.65a Zn-O.36t over 1.65* Au-0.42t over 1.65. E., Co, Pb. Zn Stj;eaitre«« acai'ientsaedl-ients:: Devonian felslc -Str .s, 1980s |«°0J"00" Ho. A,. U up to lZ4pp« •nd uflc 'i-q, 1480b (IIO/M) Chalcopyrlt* Cu up to )75ppa volcanic rncki -Uat Roberts,.i, 1979a Galena, Pvrtte Zn up to lAOOpp.1 and sfltstone Au up to l.lppa -Roc simp|Ing Ho up to 4ppM Rad Pb up to mPPa sur Hock •••pUa: U up to 4.2ppa Cu up to 264pp« Pb up to 5680ppa Zn up to 4640pp« Au up to 4.2ppai S* 10" •lue Screa* Pb, Zn, Ag Streasi sediments: Devonian -ral e««t-i\ortli- Stream Ford, m M«IV*5" HovnCaU eeiitaente Au U up to Zn-A^-U an and oaric eaaterly trending aedlwnts ^lUln^i, I9HU i ) (210/U) Zn up to IQZOppa ar>" il»«t« rt» d . .long volcanic rocka Hneaaenta -Water saapllng Rnbertion, 1979b Pb up to IZSppa H-NE tr-ndlnK and aedli tentary Identified on air -Soil flaapllng Ag up to |.2ppa Ttit* unit prnn rocka. photographs. A -Heavy •lneral Heavy ilnera! aasay: BolI sno«» postulated major assay;) Au up to 24 Incsted it E-U transverse Rock sampling i> .if Rock »>«plei Jlinctliri o fault ta alao (•>•:«- fr^r sets Rhyolltc («a«Btve) recognized. U - Q.6pp* and a post Pb - 20ppn Zn - 2lppi Ag - 0.1pp» Rhyolttc (flow laatneted) U - O.Bppa Pb - I2rP« Zn - 4PP» Ag - O.lpp« In->ltu apectro»ctry (6 ^».r^<.*e aasiples) eU - 3.9ppa eTh - 22.9pp«i K - 6.21 ell/*?Th • 0.1") iv. Miumcai MvicLuniim LOCATlOft OCCWWEHCE DEPOSIT IHLAN1UH ASSOCIATED ORE ANALYTICAL VALUES STRUCTURE AND EXPI.OIIATION - 1st., M KSICNATtOM TYPE H1HEMLS ELEHENTS AND AND SIZE TRUCTURAL CONTROL EVALUATION UTS »e.) MINERALS h TF.CHNIQUES APPLIED Kagaatlc Mo, W Stro* aedlaenta: 4fc» IV 50" Otter Broc* *atl tlz«tt->n Oevonlin/Carbon- "*'> tieta of Jolnti -Soil aanpllng 1980a Sites -.-r* 4r| U up to 2S40ppai Iferoua calr- were Identifier) to -Rock •A«pllii^ 1981 near sprtugn with (2IJ/I0H) Hock aaayles: «U«llne quart? he granite (30S/ Trenching o««loni II .,•!lpp« (aplltU) K U Stock). SE). Quarts veins -Radloaetrlc U-ll.Bppa (non-nplttlc) Th e ire H few 3O5/05°SM) were aurveylng N» enrlch*t>nl of U, Drill hole maplea: 11 (iorlte, beryl, •ojybdenlte nnd wolfranlte In quarts v«lo* hive 4lao be«n Identifier). Cat•••ran Soil •atplea: HeaatltUstlon Aplite and/or Kracturei carrying urns, I9SIH Fault U - 137.3ppaj Chlorltltfltlon pegnatlte dykea velnleta of apllte a««. 19Hla idlnjictt Uy w.,-1 (2IJ/10K) (B.C. - 5pp«) «nd quar l"g aasoclit-- with the Ho - 9-10ppB cutting the ion. These > AOII aplltlr I i-.--* aitd (B.C. - 3ppa> Devonian/ fracture! are nletn relit I >t iHJaatlalpptan •talned r«»d and •Trenching (2) nlf. |DuRS.r*<»i ir aaiount* of •Radlometrlr iGranfte. The very aoft black aurveyln^ granite la K- ind yellow •lner.il- quartx-rlch with Well devetoped •lnor blotlte- ahear ion>-H nccui parallel rn the lataaaran Fnult. HagMtlc Ci, Pb, Zn, Ho, *viluenta: nevonlan/ » trending 3n, U, AB, Au. U up to pp *laslailpplan neaaenta (which Relil, (ZIJ/11) Pyrlt*. Ho up to |40ppa nklah-grey, Sphalerite, U up to 24ppa g. to e.g. Galena. Hock ataplei (Trench): blotlte granite recogntxed on sir trongly grtlaenlted (Dungarwon granite: Granite) Zn up to 17,6OOppai Intruded lntn a Pb up to 3100ppai aequencc of Cu up to 2 ?5ppa) itetAserllaientary Sn up to 449ppa roc-ka which U up to AOppa conalat of Aft up to 6.6pp« arglllltea, Au up to 4*ippb greywackea and poorly aorted I*. MUNICH UfTICLIMIM m>l< LOCATHM OCCWUMCT. UHAH1UH ASSOCIATED ORE ANALYTICAL VALIIP.S STRUCTURE 4ND EXPl.OfiATlOH Ut.. tM|. DESIGNATION MINERALS ELEMENTS AND AND SIZE iTRUCTURAL CONTROL EVALUATION NTS M>) H1H«AL lock* (rook Cu, Pk, M, Ho rclaenUitton Devonian/ Soil aaapllng ' and PollorV Sn. U, A(, It, Hlaalaalpplan Radloaetrlc detected In water (1U/IK) Cu - tOppa quartz'blotlte aurveylng etepage. Onf .if Pyrlw At - 5.1pp. •oncontt# of Trenching theae ixowllm UolftKlte No up to 98ppa Pungarvon HolyMcnlce Sn up to 5Opp» Granite* The l*00cpn (U.G. - 5O-ltit)cp*} Fluorlte V up to bOppm granite Intrudea It la b< Devonian/ The granite la -Soil AAmmn, |9rJ0b Down-hole r»||»«etrlc iraa aawplci (quarti Hlaalaalpplan exfoliated with -Rn-ln Auatrlii, 1979 logging •»( tlie drill •oniontf )i RaollnlE UUMM) U3Og - Q.0071 which feldapar la DDH Stonea, 1978 y >iranluai alneral l«*t Io ThO2 - O.OOlt ered to kaoltne -Trenc hing High liolated value* <*t R t - ).«{ •uacovlte quartz Structural -Kadlowtrlc U -ir? encountered In KadloartUlty (quart* •onzonlta of thelln«ae«nta on the aurveylng water and *|tr I nga but 11 Dungarvan property ahoH a -Hagi- tlca waa not fonmt to be rerened E-U anoclat—I with bedrork. pegsatltlc poda orientation. ar« obaerved In the quartt- •ontonlte. K FOC IT uumtM ASSOCIATED OU AMALITICAI. VALUM STtUCTUBK AND UlrtOUTION l.t... i nrt •MUU •Ltwim urn am SIU ITIUCTUtAl. CONTROL •VAtUATlOH U.I HIMUL3 » TCCHHIQUIS AT PLIED Str«H Straaa a.alajaatai Calorltltatloa Oavonlan/ ' Post-tectonic -Str.aa Au.trla, 191) lurnt Hill Tuogatao mm* aaalMata II ap to SWaaa HlwlaalppUn granlta wtth aharp •rula. ItH Hlna la locatad about loll uwllll UHIUU of 41acer • • »-aaa» Ta - 24pp« U/Ia - 4.0 14 4J«0V10- Cu. Pa, la. »a Ulctdcat Ho, A(, an. «ca. •>*rlcltU«C algkly lam ay undaloca.4 eadlMnta |l2ia/2H> | KolyM.att. to ttaOaaa ClUorltUat 't.lllclfl.d Va- Ipo.t-t.ctoalc -Soil aaapllng and tha area Cu up to SaBOpaa '|r| covered by thick I P» up to 4000ppa Rock aaapllng (ovarburJan aoila. •Heavy alnaral loll anoaaly It he araa trend E-U, a*trlc aurveylag defonwd qr«n1te granitoid rocka -1 Caatjro- ara la faulted lovlcian awta- contact with RVicjin «eu- cartro-ordorlclan lie *ataaedtMntary and aatavolcaalc rocka. Aa In fthatfn Cu. fa. 2a. Ha. loat aaaplaa: Th•ne* .IUIIII•Ineral-- rroainentroalntnt. rap*aiarapvata *»•»' landra, 1981 Ml»l»lppl«n >rd, 1982 CiU/lll) up Co Z3ppa Wucocratu lock aaapllng lion. 1978 •uicovttt -tadloaecrlc l«on, 1980 |r«alt* (Junip«c aurvaylng B*rr«n* Granlta) Thi gr«nlt« la •tronjly pcr- *lualnou« along tilth low contftnt t T102. r*Or H(0, C«0, Zr and U and high In C%, Hb and Sn, •tk - I - ].)Z •U/.Th . 2.2« 4S«*«'J0- , P». Zn. Sk, Tha underlying -Soil aaapllng , Ik rock! c- ..»lat c (IIC/1W) Silurian aata- '.rScks, Cu, P«, Is, Ho, Vee phases of •Stream ouse. 1979 lackground U-Ho vicUn U up CO Ittpp* deformation sediments lobtrtson, 1979c i«luaa la streaa nMd granite UP tO IIOppB observed In the acnt saaplaa (2IO/2U) Ho Tha granlt* Pyric* up Co ilOOpp* rocks. The rocks hroughout thi cUti Zn axhlblta are of greenschist Cu up CO S6pp» -tadloMtrlc ire wall above Cht porphyroblaittlc fades which 'eglonal anoaaloua up «© 1.4CM auryeylng H growth ot garnac 'ccoapanfed «vela at 20ppa II and Drill cotes (tWfAl) the first and i.r. U up to S.lppa blotlta, apldoca second phases of pp« Ho. Tb up to 5*pp» and raraly grecr defomution. Nearly all water aaaplaa Cu up to I48ppa asphlbola which wart! found to be Ho up to 124ppa Is thought to uloua In U and t postdate the with value* up Co In up to lOMQppm DHIA2: third phases of 2ppb U and U up to 6.4pp« deformation. Tb up to 36pp» Cu up to l63Oppa Zn up to 1890ppa Cu, Fb, zn. *>. Streaa tedlaentit: Chlorlttiatton Ordovlclan -sse fault* Streaa Crouaa, 1979 So. A|, Ail U up to 2O?3pp« Slllclflcatlon dtforawd granite postulated to aedlaanta Hauacui, 1980 Pyrlt*. Cu up to fcOpp» LlaonlClsatlon •rtaon. 1979d Zn up to 136ppa Camtro- rocka. Three -•adloaecrlc Ho up to I6ppa OrdivicUn met a phaaea of rveylng A> up to ).4j>pa sedttnentary dtfor««tlon. Au up to 5ppb rocks. lock chlP»: U up Co 2.Bpp» Th up to 32ppa Cu up to 19pp« Ho up to 2ppa rb up to 9ppa up to 12pp« IV. HlumOlI AMTlCLlHOtllM LOCATION OCCURRENCE DEPOSIT UHAN1UH ASSOCIATED ORE ANALYTICAL VALUES STKUCTURt AND EXPLORATION • DESIGNATION TYPE Oat., long. KINERALS ELEMENTS AND AND SIZE STRUCTURAL CONTROL EVALUATION KIS BO.) MINERALS i TECHNIQUES APPLIED Uranlnlt« In-Bltu g»i SUtctfUation he alnerallxatlon Rock sampling lhandrs, I9HI he uranlua »fc°20'00" Thorite •pectroaetry; (21G/1 ) Hematitlzdtion • aasoclated with -Badloaetrlc laaaan, 1984 ilnersltxatlon l« ctf up Co U2ppa [ranlte of racturet and surveying issoclated with •Th up to 766ppa ••t«rn olntu within the hlde ailneral- Couiitry rocki :h«rlotLe f ranlce. zatlon. (lCr«riltt)~ U up CO I8ppa 4J°24'OO" Bald Head Hagutlc Ho, Sn H *t°2V0O Lake Pluorlce (21C/9U) -Rn surveying Touraallnc granite of Radlowtrlc Eastern surveying Charlotte P Alrbourne and ground VLK Hagnetlca 45°25*OOH Str aa t ed latent a: uim i nd gaa\ava lot M°29'OOU eut Itizallon Carbonltero -DUH(2) Duller, IVtiOi: U to SllOppsi >rob reuull a d*d <2IG/8H) »P granite of -Trenching Butler, 1961 abov e u«t r la Eastern -VLF not ndlcate U CO back round uranlu IP 2l.5ppb Charlotte v IP Roc m•• cone sntratl< i In t A: rre in granttc: gran te. X R-C. • : I 4 5*2 V JO" HOUKC Hagutlc Vb, Zn, Ag, M etrlc; -Soil sampling Brack, 14SI. 46°ll'JO Ch••plain T.C. up Co 2O0Ocp» (21C/8E) of Uelaford (syscevs arc -Trenching oaplex. clala and ].5k«. H 4S°ll'00 Lily Lake M itre** aedlmenta: . 'llcLHcatlon Devonian e.g. -Streuai Evidence of wide- •VS6*00 U up to 2960ppB (21G/2H) S« 'saurttltttlon •onzanlttf of sedlaents spread aoveatent ut Catbonltlxatlon Western -Water saapltng •eteorlc water la Charlotte PluCOi -Bn surveying Indicated by wad •DWI Treachi ng fr planes. •Hipdki •VLP -I.P. V. FUDUICTOM TtOUCH L H.ATIUN UHAN1U1 ASSOCIATED ORE ANALYTICAL VAUIF.S STRl'JTURt «iNU EXPLORATION 1*1., lung, MINERALS KI.EMtNTS AND AND HI It. TRUCTURAL CONTRDL EVALUATION NTS OJ.) HINERALS 4 TtGHNlOUES APPLIED s Ho. Si., U St: Molybdenite U up in 780PP« Stllclftcitlo wnlfrsalte Chl>rlCl£itlo -Spring - up Co B90ppa Granite of the several llnea •edl*enia Lake sedlaunta; U up to 33ppa laon In the Pink two-ale* &r. granite. The (8 . couon frdclur. I U - 12.Hpp« Th - 7.0ppa I I I Ca - 0.461 Th/U - 0.55 Ho - 32.1ppa Lejirciu River In-sltu gaasta- Chlorltlcatlo Silurian/ he rhyollte ll Radloaetric Hassan, 1984 The Mineralization •pectroaetry Devonian ilghly fractured surveying occurs along randomly (2IG/2) elJ up CO 34.00pp» rhyoltte. ail Jointed. Cheilc.il J«HI oriented fracture*. eTh up to 89.00ppt aaavylng The alnerallisdon •Autoradlography tune occurs ne-tr the contact with the gmnltlc rocks of the Extern Charlotte Pluton. 1. ntUttlCKM TMMCH LOCATION OCCURRENCE I>EPUS1T URAHUIH ANALYTICAL VALUF.S STKUCTURK \n\t tXKl-'iK^f I'H l«c. Ions, WStCHATlOH TYPE HCNERALS AlW S!Zf TRDCTI'RAL CONTRO1. F.VM.')\riOti NTS no.) & TKCHNHJUKS Lake George Sb, Cti, b. Ni, inlu... iietal- Soil samp It atlon M Cheml.-U ifi fr...I.wntly (2IG/UE) Chuchollte An, Bl. Ba, At, associated with R^itlntnetrU- Ho, U. tie q>iartz- B»irvi-yl,i^ Stlbnlte •tlbnlte vein* Pyrlte In SUnrUn Arsenopyrlte Tetrahedrlte wack and lite that Dtruded by Ian tic rock a Pok1 ok Tt»e pruperty l«i -Su(l sthiflliK 47°20'OO" U up tu 4f)(9ppa underlain by (2IG/1IU) Soil a^nples: the StlurUn neks are I) Over Silurian aedlnvntsry li-»r.irt<*rlfed by Us and Devonian mil (ite«ply 'Itppini p adanelllto if oliatlona. The 2) Ovif D-^ Pok1 ok Rnthollt .>cVs ire genera) ly •da-ellltf : U - I -dpp" •rk ln.llr.*r ions JIIA. cAuoaimou uiia (num MUASIID OCCUMEIKX DEPOSIT UIAN1UH ASSOCIATED OSS ANALYTICAL VALUES HOST RUCKS STRUCTURE ANU EXPLORATION - DESIGNATION me HINEULS •LIHEHtS AMD AND SIZE ITRUCTURAL COHTROL EVALUATION MINERALS i TECHNIQUES APPLIED Maetar »ock Valcantclaatlc Soil aarolaes Red and green The Plaatar lock -Streaa ftandra, 1981 Pater, 1979 has U up to lOtppa 4>»jfl5- Setiaaaterr friable ahale Subbaatn ts aadlaent* Ini, 1979 euggeated Chat che locka (».C. • Ippa) with Interbeda interpreted by -Soil aaapllng rocka of the Flutter Water aaaplea: ol red. t. Pater, 1979 as -Uater iMapllng Kock Fortutlon say U up to t.7lppb gypelferoua an Isolated, fault- -Chealcal ba teaiparally In-altu gca»a~ray ahale and white, gciicracad. aaaaylng equtwalanc to th« amctroaatry: alvtt and lntarBontana -Rn aurveying uranluai-rlch Windsor «U up to 24pps ftbroua gypaua grabsn-llka Radloaetrlc Fortutlon fit southern Trench aaaolea f the Plaater nu'-yln, H.I., but pointed out Rock Purnetlon. ^Trenching Chat they are U up to ISBppa ltthuloglcally dluslal 1 in 40" »gck aaaplaa Red tr.A greenllhAa In PUetcr Rock. -Well water h.ndr«, 1^1 •7»J?'OO" a: Cu-ataln«d grey ahale of -<.•oct.e-.lctL abb ind (I1J/14U) carbowaceoua ahale* the Plaatcr Surveying Plchect*. 197fj U up to IBppa Rock Formation. -tadloaMtrlc icHabb and b: tad to graantah aurveytng Plchcttc, 1979 iray carbooacaoua -Trenching Pet«r, 1979 afcala; U up to Tranch aaapica: a; Kad atltatona (ahala)i U • 35pp. Ci > 4350pp. b:»jlHoictlv> nodula: noilnle: II - 2.43J Cu • 8.121 ios[ rnck: U • 0.0021 Cu • 0.081 VI .ft. SilMMIFEtMIS USIM (MONCffW SUIUSIM) LIIUTIUN UKAN1UH (I.W.. lung ASSOCIATED OKE OtSICNlflON HIMKIUI.S ALTEkATlDNS STHUCTUftK ANIi EXPLORATION HIS no.) ELEHENTS AND KE1AKKS HIKEHALS CUHTROL EVALUATION fc TECHNIQUES APPLIED Hennuylvaula (2II/2U) " «P to 0.001X -Soll 8«aple« HacClbbon, 1977a tflltstone 'Eaanotaeter -Radlo-Ktrlc •urveytng Berry Hi 1U iren. »«illiieiit iiuy Lvmtla -S>)t I uaspllng grey-green Hii-ln-AulI iinc, 19Bi radlotcttvtty Bundatone •urve/lng HacClbbon, U7Ua lound at thc KadloBetrli: IMacGlbbon, 1979. Penn.-Ml,,, surveying HacClbbon, 1980 -DDHO) Peraal], 19C1 th, ma UP to BOOcph """ «n «r Kittle u, Pb, Zn, Ag 1 eny -So;i saapltng Cooper, .Via IS" gently folded < ltn [Galend sandstone -Radluaetrlc Grave*, ill/In) [uuWite nips frojn SOb- (Includes plant hont up to fraqments) of surveying I Graves. 10°. idchUe the Pictou -DDHO) rite Flurotte iiw. niunntmn tasta {macro* liiiiiii) "f ' LOCATION OCCWREHCI MPOSIT IMANIIM ASSOCIATED ORE ANALYTICAL VALUF.S STRUCTURE AND EXPLORATION - Ut., 1«M. KSldUTIOH •nn MINERALS ELEMENTS AND AND SIZE ITRUCTURAL CONTROL EVALUATION MHERALS & TECHNIQUES APPLIED SB*" Coal lock •aayle: The radlo- he Dunssiore, 1977 The uranlu* t*II" yrlte U up to 55.3ppa vtty la gently folded with •edlvent ravrs, 1981b occurs at the bans (1IL/4H) Drill corea; a«noclated with dips froa sub- -Soil map linn of the flnlnp 19Opp» over 0.7a yellowtah-brown, horizontal up to -Rn-ln-we ll pward cyrleh (n reduced section 0°. water n which aeveral coal banda of -Geophysical •pproxlwitely l 2ca thf^V tccur -Rock s pyrtte In (NAA) th. Pennnylvanltn •andatone of Plctou Croup* The uranlua >re, 1977 .3ppa •lnerallcatlon OIL/*) occurs In pale- green aandacone •r base of fining-upward cycles (Plctou Croup). Sh*41ac River fb, Cu, V, Hn, Main showing yielded Th* wlnerallt- The 7I>CKS of -Rn-ln~soll th, I95H The alnerallcatlon Ti only Atlon la HacClbbon, 1979b Occurs on thi> mmth I (2II/HI) Malachite, 1/4 Ib/ton U^Oo on localtted along tlon are steeply -VLF of the KlnK«t T102 - 0.5X V * n.OH Pb - 0.01X Cu - 0.0U Pb, Zn. f, P Uallwacrrn DarV-grey The clatiti area Radloaetrlc lysiouH, 1979a One aaatple from the ryrltc U up to 8ppb pyi. Me •re located In a surveying Ba) . and Genell, Albert ahale (Pickerlll (2II/2W) Heaatlta !cab •••plea dolo. 'tic allt- NE-SW trending •Rock ssaplln 19 S and Carter, 1980) fros Phosphate (M«rl«toi»/Albert stone nd uplifted block the Scotch Settlement dolosli.c ahala, (Kingston uplift). -Trenching Ne< io«ise, |o«o yields: calcareous HcLt-od *nd U - 29*.5pp« heaatlted grit •VLF Rut nbtrx, 1978 Pb - ftOtippH of the Plck« '11 snd Zn - 33Oppa Hlislaalpplan Care , 19H0 P - 49.90D.ip* Albert Fn. F - 2.4)0pP» *U up to 294ppa Some beds of Albert cTh up to )50ppa are rich In Chtalcal analyla: nllClC clSStS. U up to 400ppa Hock iawple (Hjrlatone/Albert Poi-Mtionj: Pb up to 54Opp» Zn "rtn 49()ppH vm. CttMnmNi Msw omacnm SMMSINI LOCATION OCCUMEMCe DEPOSIT UMNIUH ASSOCIATED ORE ANALYTICAL VALUES STRUCTURE AND EXPLORATION • l«t., loaf, KSICHATIOM TYPE MINERALS ELEHEKTS AND AND SIZE ITRUCTUFAL CONTKOL EVALUATION NTS no.) MINERALS • IECI1NI0IJES APPLIED Coagloacrate Torbernlte C.i, re, » Water aawplew: Heaatltlzatton Hlaalaalpplan The data area Streaa (tken, 197) a**5V00* Mtch..lens> clulcoelcc U up Co I6»ppb onstitutes n part aedlsenti lowon, 1977. (211/W) Halachlte r>p 45055* 00" Cornhlll- Strtf »edt»ent«: Uranlua la The clalaa area -Soil aanpUng Horse, l?/7«, The hoct rock •!••••30* CUavalc V up to 40ppa associated with occur along tht -Rn surveying I97ib, 1977c contain* evapurltes f 21*71411) Soil >a»pllnKt contact between Klngaton« Uplift. "Radloaetrlc Horat, 1978a, (halite nM (;l«uberlti>). U up to p Hlsttaatpplan The atructure aurveylng 1978b, 1978c. (B.C. - lpp-> $r*y Albert - forived In post- -Drill holea 1978d red Moneton Albert tloea and -Gravity HacClbbon, 1978b tandttone In an probably irvey Safth, i960 environment contributed Co •lallar to the auch of the Intern Colorado Plateau folding in Albert ype (weatarn I and lower Koncton U.S.A.) aedlaenta* VolcanIclaatlc Jaraoa Radioactivity: Hlaalnnlpplan toluccl. 1981 T^F •B4*ro are-i M Mountain acilaantary Chaleoclc* 4 i I.C. red sandstone Flaalon track Constable, 1*7' anoiutnu* with valuen (2IB/UW) rock* Malachite Soil napllm: and conploaerate •Radloaetrlc Horat, 1977d ranging I roa 5V110cp U up to 28ppa • the Mu. - ton survey Ing Horat, I97fle Drilling suggest* Hock roup* DDH Lockhart, 1970 that the property la Cu up to 6Z -Trenching underlain by pre- Drill-hole aaaaya: Carbonlferous rhyul1t tuffa. VIII. CMBMUKMtas US IN (MMCTON SWMASIN) LOCATION URANIUM ASSOCIATED (IRE OCCURRENCE UKPOSIT ANALYTICAL VALUES ALTERATIONS STKUCniRE AND ut-, long* INCSICNATIOH TYPF. MINERALS F.LKMENTS AND AND SI2K TRUCTURAL OINTROL EVALUATION NTS no.) MINERALS & TKCIIN lOll^S APPl.lFl) Soil samples: nltslpplan itmler- Iberttte tl up t<> 6>)ppn bltunlnotm i:o».;( iHlr. 197S yrlte ov.»r in .irea of sandstone grit K»rH mt-niary rocks Hurst , It! lc Y (fie Af6ert Fm. -Radlomct ti< !..>. kh.irt , 1 970 (•entone h,- Ml.idUton rveylnK II up to 29.Sppb (Albert Fi ault, itrlklnK -1)1)11(24) Qck_awwplei NE alflnti fh.- Ifiigtl (Albertlte): of the property Ifl U3OH - 0.2X a thniit fault Boreholes samples that titt<* r irrled ,: 11.11.12 the Albert "n. «ind t-i'sitve beds b: «.ll.»l 40ppM UiOg contact -*lth the over 1.2* B.H.M Group 1.--.H. over 3.In over O.DH over 0.1B d: B.ll.ff H.IHI, 197/1 65°35'00" II up to 2Zpp» <21M/I3E> (In clay rich noil l | Radioactivity: jalberttte In | sandstone, allt- (B.C. - 50-fcOcpa) fie p,r|t and over .in area 60-201 Umesroie of wl.le and 97t>» lonf! n 45°44'OO 2n. Nt, Hn, V, Uranlna B, F mineral ttatti-n (21H/12E) la aaaoclat« LOCATION OCCURRENCE DEPOSIT ASSOCIATED ORE ANALYTICAL VALUES ALTERATIONS STRUCTURE AND EXPLORATION Itt., loa*., DESIGNATION T»PE ELEMENTS AND AND SIZE iTRUCTUHAL CONTROL EVALUATION ns *•-) MINERALS & TECHNIQUES APPLIED r«y to black Hydrocarbon- and •Soil aaapllnc Carroll, 197/a la belle veil that U3O8 up to lot bltuslnoua ahnle uranlua-bearlnti -Eaanoaeter Dunsnore, 1977 the hydrocarbon In 21*/12V) Trenching chip *m, 1957 the veins *sy have •••plci; Hlaalaalpplan near a «ajor fault orlglrite'l fr.m : U,O8-0.0»9l o«>i Albert Fa. that atrlkea NE and Realatlvlty Hi-Hurchy, 1 'o'itua presrnt lit 0.9CH haa been traced for DDH(9) Rotie. 19 7) th< *lb*rt F«. The >I U^Oa^O.O^lX over 32ka. The«e velni •re of urnninn Is 0.6. also found In aheai not rnown but th^re - :' U-jOg ft.(12fcX over zone* atrtktng »|it-cii|at1ori thnt It n.6a N10°E and dip •ay have been l.'.ichfd steeply toward east fro* the Htinlanlpplan and other «trlk« N30°E and dipt ks by groiniil wAtrr 85°SE. and precipitate) by thf 45° WOO" c, e Uranlua -Radlonctrlr l^py, I9HI Three nodrs of nrflnlun vmvxr Pyrite, Coal ilnerallzntlon aurveylnff Ntcton. 1979 Apatite 0.5m occura In the •TrenchlnK (21N/I2C) b: U^Og-SS./ppa ov Hlaalaslpplan -DDH( 11) 1) Within the Apatite 0.2B Mearaacook Fa. crystal lattice of the (Mtnly In the fine-grained Mtrl ** atltatone). 2) Intergrowth as aoity pitchblende with coaly m*t e rI a1. 3) Partially le-oblllie. lalont> (ract tre« a( non- 505,.oo" NIkhan). 1972b iS*ISaNP Mjlaeiita 21H/IW) Water sampling Soil Soil aaaplea: h« toll onynnoua. 1979b • ; U up to «0ppa overltea th« Water tnnpllng Hor«t, 1977g allea On ^oll) 2IR/IM) tx I ".Ox 195a area) Hlaalaalpplan Itomt, 1977h •r*bably reflecting b: U up to 92ppa aes one at aylor, 1975 jnlc »caven«Ing wert (In organic rich Ulndi or M. •ted. Thr-e drill awaapy areaa) tore aaaplea: Ulndnor It •eat one itnd U3°e °r to o.ooiz over 1.5B comjlotserate; no (Uaeatone) MSM (I IIP) LOCATION OCCUtRErtCE DEPOSIT URAHIUH ASSOCIATED ORE ANALYTICAL VALUES STRUCTURE AND EXPLORATION Ut., lotm K5ICNATI0N TtPE MINERALS ELEMENTS AND AND SlZt 1TRUCTURAL CONTROL EVALUATION NTS M.> HIHERALS & TECHNIQUFS APPLIED Cu, Zn The property Is Streaa 1977b HaUchtte underlain by •edlaentn 1970 2IN/I4U) Chulcoclte HlaalMlpplan anglng -Soil urttplti ed conglomerate roa N09°E to -Track etch nterbedded with th an -Radlot»etr!>- course red dip of surveying sandstone to the between 10° and 35° east and pre- Carbonlferoua aaflc volcanic rock* to the we at. The radio- Soil latipl U up Co lOpOppp* activity In the Radloaetrl (2IH/14H) •oil aaaplea la surveying related to high clay content of the underlying •edlaentary rock* of Albert r*. 5« «•«;•<»" •Urtlaoi Irook Soil KoCk •••pie*: The property la The rocks In the Horat, 1977J (36 sample^) underlain by Hncntbboo, 1976b sandstone, I tl up tn 1.5ppm •trlke H50°R and Salth, 19^8 |(21H/1«U) jcongloaerate and dlpa fairly •h«Uow| |ferrugtnuua (20" to 50*) with Urkose of several anticline* ( nd «y Mlsstss1op(an Moncton Group. Sotl l 9 imp ling up to 245pp* Radloaetrlc (2IH/I4H) Cu up to 14pp* •urveylnjt 45*46*00" Soil •••plt>: The property la Sol 1 snmplinR >t, 197?k U up to 90pp« underlain by Radloaetrl': llorst, 1978f nlc-rlch conrtltI (2M/I4C over «n «rt# of Hlastaalpplan survey Inn Smith. 1968 14H) 848.5x181.Ba Honcton Crcip. b: 1) up to 48ppa 727.3*363.la c: U up to 340ppa over an ares of 181.8v6O.6a »n». aiwiitHa ..MSIH) WIANIUH ASSiWlAtEO 0 AHAI.VTK.AI. VAI-lft.S LOCATKM UCCMUIEHCE oerusiT E ANO I'hM in -I Kl HAH !«.. lMg. KSICMATION T»fE HINEDALS fl.EHEHIS AN AND S1ZF. . CONTROL F.VALUAl I)M HIS •••) HINEKALS & TFXHNI'J>I>-A *5°*voo" laywsri Srook oil Soil aa^plet: -Soil s^.qpllnR l.i.lUhh'.n, ri;7b U up to 2Oppa -RadlnneciI. 2ia/iw> Sclntllloawter survey surveying T.C. up to HOcpa »5°SJ'OO" Uelioa Creek -Stro-i'n U up to ?7pp» Collier Streat sedltents: l.»< Mi ii i , )7i> •s«oi-oo- Mo»»t«lu •eitaent* U up to 9.5pp« -;.nftli, lih (2II/MI Mi lit) to *t°o»-oo- Haji Irook Hct««orphlc Radioactivity SI 1 OCCURRENCE DEPO5IT URANIUH ASSOCIATED ORE ANALYTICAL VALUES STRUCTURE AND EXPLORATION DESIGNATION TYPE HIHERALS ELEMENTS AND AND S1ZF. STRUCTURAL CONTROL EVALUATION MINERALS fc TECHNIQUES APPLIED Plgeo* Hill Grey-gr*en liranlu < Hn, C Buff to The ••ridatoue Is -Radio*?!rt< Dunsaore, 1977 RiJIonctlvK y in r Pitchblende Heutlte U3On up to I.471 brown a. highly Jointed. aurveylng [idaton t* aaaorlMl (21P/IOC) lUrlte arkoatc Lang et al. 19*2 with heaaltte, Pfrite ibti'it 90* long nnd act striking and plan' drbrl The Chalcoclte 9 to 12M wldi>. nt«on aR^ncInt i of Malachite both dip Coal vertically. The b"th can be nob mJstone alao by t hi- imw aqueo Ided and «ln>r aolullon. ulta arc ve loped. The ndra, 1981 nlnernl\r \tInn wna Fennaylvantan Kipling, 1480a recorded In Irlll hole (21C/I5E) Plctou Group. lying to -Rock isaaypi Kipling, 1960b oga. up Co A.50pp« dipping. -Radlnwetrlc aurveylnjt j-DDHO) I iprlng and itren he property tie Carboniferous A.lnti, 1981b The mdlonctl «e anowall. rim, 1979 ldrflrd th« Inferrei 21J/9W) tlier of are fist Co inra, 1941 contact (fault?) brtwee Cftrbonlferoua •oderately dipping the Carbonlf«roua aedlaentary owarda the east. ricks along The underlying Stlurtan tPiilnt-nt*ry rucks lurtan and this contact «ay verve ili < Stt.irlan aedltentary rorka sed. entnry t ateepep r Jtp* rock*. (50-70°) and a well developed VIIC CMUHIFEMNB MS1M (CEKTRAL CARMMIIfEROIlS "HUSHO litl'iiSIT 41 IK**[ 1 •-.•- lii'M Mi" > ••> •>!' • [ •••I \UU TVPK AN1I SI •• ,[H( < II'HM i uNTk.ll HINFRA1.S f, IH IINIJI l ' A I* I'l IH) Itiv umier 1 y I nn rii- -it u.i nre Ibi t...1 H,.™|.1|,,,. clasttr -t .!-,. 4,1.1 ^ir.-iii. ned(lent Aty rocks .>| 1'u- St it-.in Plrt on i.rruip. <>..plivsli ,1 - "ilnK 1.') •TII'M. hl-it- of the '•"eliJ.fr counter: wlit« par. it.--, .t . - i HHIII t,,r , \\ pf-M'-i l v. 4n> il • . I i .. i,,r.- 11 * Ihni H f'F) 1 • Mi.- .li, .1 i r^. r I r.. , , I,).,, t I- ml *ihl" Harvey Si.ii ' *1M (H.U. #3. U up to 9.rt;ipii '"5' HE) \l-bkm ME .ij JHarvey (station) I I «l I UiOu - o.n»*. me. nuMuwms USIH (CUTUL cAnwuretous SUUASIH) LOCATION OCCURRENCE DEPOSIT URANIUM ASSOCIATED ORE ANALYTICAL VALUES STRUCTURE AND EXPLORATION (Ut.. long DESIGNATION TTPE MINERALS ELCNENTS AND AND SIZE ITRUCTURAL CONTROL EVALUATION XTS m.) MINERALS & TECHNIQUES APPLIED Pitchblende Serlcltlzttlnn Hlaalaalppla The property la Se.udln Ft «!., he rhyollti' w W*OVOO" ( Uranlntte '•rite, T.C. up to 17)QcpB Hontmori Unnl ti lava-flow ry cloae Co the 1980 (21C/IOH an« Uranosplnlte irsenopyrlte, Rock aaaiplei; Mematltlzatlon rhyollte. Fredertcton Fault, -Soil a»«pll Carroll, 1177b s shown »>y HE) least Uc, (Uatnated rhyollte) Klllzatlon ieveral ahesr nones Radlonttrl.- ™«r», 1117 11 led with luorlce U up to 389Oppn ye re ob«erved In surveying Chip aaaples: the property. -VLF (rhyollte) -TtenrhUR U3O9-0.0m over • Kimn, 1-Wi) width of O.ftB Newell, 19->; i.>re rlos.-ly ISH...-I i U3O8«O.O24X over A eucll, 19SH u(tli On* art;1111"''' width of 0,5B ,r til maun, 1974 thyolite Of th-> f i.il I Core simpler: 1 ion.-: I'I f .-l.-. f I M ilranotplnlte ^ntInn Mlnslsslpplan Ra'tUnctlve -Radlninr'trlr C*r roll, 1976 Salelie Fluorlte up to O.DHI catton rhyoltte aah •aterlsl la Cooper. 1978 (2IC/IIE) Clclt. over 3.7« wide and flow tuff. aaoctated with -Trei chlnR Hun , 1977 Zr alter ODH «ugge»t that ahear zone thit -DDH Cro46 , 19*i7 It extends to a passes through l.iinan. 198% length of in7m. light grey to Kuan, 1 HOIMC Pleasant Co, Pb, Zn. Ho, Uranlusi K.n->r.., Ill/ volcan!< Sn, U, Rt, F ilnerallEatlon Hjrveylng Curtis, I9BI near Ht. Pli-.»-..tn I2IC/M rocks Pyrlte, Koalln. occur* In Patrlsh, 1977 .nlilns I?PI.» ll Fluortte Mississippi an arrl-ih tni\ Tully, inixn Tli xnd LOCATION DEPOSIT URANIUM ASSOCIATED ORE SIRUCTURU AND KXPLORATliiN (UC, lonx, TYPE MINERALS ELEMENTS AND iTHUCTIIRAL CONTROL EVALUATION NTS no.) MINERALS fc TRCHNI'JUKS Felaic Sn, W 45°WOO" Duck Hadtoactjvltyy: Volcanic rocks NF. and NU tren.ltng 66°4Q'2O" volcanic (Juvenile T.C. up to 30l)')cpH of Mis (21G/H and rocks Lake) lock saiples: Intermediate 0£> Flow Hember 3 ver a 0.9* to t. (Carrow FmX -tfl c do I1 • 11 , 1967 width. -I P. -M R" -rics -T rh'.,j No. Sn, W. adl one trie SilicifIrtclon The property la -Ra.ii omet Ir Cem m-1 1 , 1975 Ag, An, P/ritUatlon und^rlA'i »-y b irv eying Lot-klurr 1979 (IZG/IOE) Holybdenlte, Core HI;ilsstppl*l -s ill m-npl Ing HcN im.ir-t , 19R0 Pyrlte, Ho • 0.261 vo.canlc and -Dim HrN imir.i . I9B0 Casslt>>rl t» In - 0.0171 sedimentary -i p. HcN .i rn4 r a, 198! W - 0.031 rocks of van de Pol 1 . 19f>7 Cu -- 0.05t over 1 . V kahe^id Croup. b - 0.01Z over 1.5 Uranluii Minerals Zn - 0.05* over 1 .*i™ • ir locally #loiig proalnant over l.5-s i-ttire conea Ag - 17gi/tonnp altered rocks. 45°34'35" est Hill Cu, Pb, F, S Radioactivity; -R i.llometrlr B.u-kn^t 1, 1976 sedimentary Settlewnt Fluorlte 4It*red volcano*- C.rroll. |977b rocks Jp to 10 x R.G. gentc nandsConea -Stream nvlri, 19HI Rock samples: .ind conxloBier mell, I-W5 altered porphyry |-Rn and He In klt-iri . 1979 rhyollte) I soil i: U-jOg - 0.015t -Geophysical 197ft over lm hewman nn.l DOU(12) Bucknoll, 1976 Grab ssmplew: conglomerate) U3O8-0.01« over U Core staples: 45°34'24" Volcanf cl nten.ely -Ra.iiomet rtr sedimenta eU up to Blppm il tered volcano- survey (21G/10) rock eTh up to 30ppa genic sandstones Rock samp I!n^ (o conglo«erate Rock of he I! up to 21.3 Hinftaslpplan 45"34'00" Hoyt Point Volcvnt dtftr Hater ««O32'00' sedimentary U - 0.2ippb fine-grained ^t^.t in the Ht.-Rock sampling (216/10) rocki sandstone and aaant Appendage a: Sandstone rltty U - 5ppa conglomerate of strIking belt of Th - 15ppn the t - 3-31 HlSBl9Slpplan nlc rocks au-l b: Confllontem Carro" F». nlc derived U - l.7ppm se-IUentftry rockrt Th - I4ppn whlrh .lip gently (in"-l 5'1) t.) the HW TIIC. ciuonnMn tui* taanau. CUKMIHIOOS 50ius»> LOCATION OCCUMENCE oerosn UMH1UM ASSOCIATED ORE ANALYTICAL VALUES ALTERATIONS HOST ROCKS STRUCTURE AHO EXPLORATION (lat., loa«, W5ICIMTI0H tin HINEIIALS ELEMENTS AND AND SIZE 1TRUCTURAL CONTROL EVALUATION NTS »•-) MINERALS i TECHNIQUES APPLIED roaocto Voluniclaatlc Hemautlzatlnn Intensely Radtoaetrlc Rell, 1976 The radioactivity 1 45°J*'OO" Soil •••plea: The property Is -Soil amipltng HacGlnb'Ut, 1979c M*«0'00- U up to 60ppa underlain by (2IC/10C) Carboniferous •edlaentsry and volcanogenlc vedlnentary rocks. East rb, Af, Strcaa >edl«ent«: The property la Strea«i Hollldsy, 1972 Quccnitown Sr U - 6p|» underlain by aedlawn In the (21C/N) (B.C. • I-3pp-) Carboniferous -Soil la rocha by Dili), Soli aafcplea: sedimentary U up t l I45ppa> rocks. fb up o 28ppa> B« up o 990ppai Core •• iplea: U Up E > I.Oppa Ag up o 1.6ppa Ba up to 31ODpp I I 6°M'3O" F^nous Coal Th» propert; la Strew Sakrlaun, 1972 Anomaloua ur« 0 froperty undfrlain by aedlaenta villard, 1971 detected In a Mississippian Soil aaapllng saaplea «nd/or Rsdloaetrtc porphy y floit belli Pennaylvanlan surveying be erlved iron red to grey 0DH(2) on granltl congloneratea lntru vea sever and sandatonea. Hone ojier ler callyy g ourre of urnnlui VUC. CMMMFtROttS USIN (OKTML CAMOHirBIOUS SU11ASIN) LOCATION OCCURRF.HCK DEPOSIT URANIUH ASSOCIATED ORE ANALYTICS VALUES ALTERATIONS STRUCTliRK AND EXPLORAThlN - lat., long, DESIGNATION TYPK MINERALS ELEMENTS AND AND S[ZI. TRUCTIIRAL CONTROL NTS no.) H1NERALS TECHNKjIIKS ^PPl.lFjl *6°***00" The property Is samp 11 o>\ M •noun M°I7*OO River underlain by (21J/9U) red aindntone*, -Vl.F -Dim f H Uhetntom Th« property Is I rook underlain by 'M-.l 1 ) iot ) H tjn,.].- (21J/W) . ...rll,.-,!. on- f M .tl"'i|i the m.irr.l •> • •"'' ' age. '••••n Hi.- ( iri) • M f >f an.l th> 1M;-«-.,C ro.W* .in.) the olh'-t It '.IVi,i, Honaghan Sail (av .) Th •rook IS - 5.1pi>« nd. by -Rn In sol 1 (21J/16E) Cu • l*pp» Curb illitmet rlr Core (* 48°00' URANIFEROUS of NEW BRU U R A N I F E R O U S DOMAIN: I. Gaspe Synclinorium II . Aroostook-Matapedia 69°00' XJS DOMAINS r-- -y of BRUNSWICK DMAINS im edia 68°00' 67°00' SECTION 3 66°00 c- SECTION 65°00 6A°00' SECTION 5 n I- *. .1 -v . . I 6A°00' .48°00' X SECTION 6 URANIFEROU'S DOMAINS I. Gaspe Synclinorium II . Aroostook-Matapedia Anticlinorium . Chaleur Bay Synclinorium . Miramichi Anticlinorium 47°00 V . Fredericton Trough VI . Avalonian Platform VII . Carboniferous Basin VILA . Plaster Rock Subbasir VII.B . Moncton Subbasin VII.C . Central Carboniferou SECTION 7 Subbasin I N T R U S IONS CARBONIFEROUS FELSIC INTRUSIONS ECH-Eastern Charlotte Pluton PRG- Pleasant Ridge Granite DEVONIAN/CARBONIFEROUS FELSIC INTRUSIONS MFC?-Mount Elizabeth Granite Ml G - Miramichi Granite RMG-Redstone Mountain Granite LLG - Lost Lake Granite B -Burnt Hill Granite D - Dungarvon Granite TB -Trout Brook Granite JB -Juniper Barrens Granite DEVONIAN FELSIC INTRUSIONS AL - Antinouri Lake Granite PF - Pabineau Falls Grnnite NP - North Pole Granite ND North Dungarvon Granite N - NnchwnnU Grnnite 4 / V AA / vv Volcanics,Ordovician/Silurian .Devonian —•—•- Diabase (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic) s s s s s Sillimanite-grade metamorphism Late Faleozoic plutons )basin Early Paleozoic plutons in erous Ophiolite SECTION 8 Unconformity (shading on younger side) Bedding, slaty cleavage, schistosity (numbers refer to sequence) Taconian dip -2—2_ <2QO ONS Acadian -« *- 20°-80° Hercynian H ^ >80° Folds (numbers refer to sequence) Inclined antiform rH> Inclined synform Upright antiform Upright synform Structural Linears U D Normal fault Thrust or high-angle reverse fault Wrench fault Determined from geophysical and E-R.T.S. data EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDES • o <3 <4 Filled symbols-^instrumentally <5 determined Gl illy I I vm-c , U7°00' A6°00' ND North Dungarvon Granite N - Nashwaak Granite A - Allandale Granite H - Hawkshaw Granite S - Skiff Lake Granite TH - Tower Hill Granite WCH-Western Charlotte Pluton DEVONIAN INTERMEDIATE INTRUSIONS C - Charlo Stocks Gl - Gibson Granodiorite BE - Benton Granodiorite M - Magaguadavic Granodiorite E - Evandale Granodiorite DEVONIAN MAFIC INTRUSIONS BLG-Becaguimec Lake Gabbro BQ - Bocabec Complex SSP-St. Stephen Pluton 7 URANIUM OCCU RR ENCES 1 • Popelogan 21- Serpy(Cu,Pb,Zn,Mo, 2- Durham Centre(Pb) 22- Bear(Cu,Pb,Zn,Mn,N 3- Atholville W,AgfAu) 4- Cox Brook (V) 23- Welsford 5- Left(Cu,Pb,Zn,Mo,Ag) 24- Bald Head Lake 6- Stew(Cu,Pb,Zn,Mo,Ag,Au) 25- Trout Lake ( F) 7 Evy(Cu,PblZn,Mo,Ag) 26- Mount Champlain(P 8- Blue Mountain(Pb,Zn,Ag,Au) Ag,F) 9- Otter Brook 27- Lily Lake (Mo) 10- Catamaran Fault (Mo) 28- South Oromocto Lr 45°00- 11- CleavelandfCu.Pb.ZaMo^n, (Cu,Pb,Mo,F) W,Ag,Au) 29- Pokiok 12- Rocky Brook (Cu^P^Zn.Mo, 30- Lepreau River Sn.W^Bi.F) 31- Lake George (Sb,Ci FeJi,V,Ag,Au,Bi,b 13- Dungarvon Group ( Pb,Zn,Mo, 32- Me Adam (Sb) Sn#Sb,F) 33- Plaster Rock U- McConnell Brook 34- North View(Cu) 15- Trout Brook (Sn.W) 35- Cocagne River 16- Shawn (Cu.Pb.Zn.Fe.Mn.Mo, 36- Berry Mills (Cu) Ag,Au) 37- Midgic(Cu,Pb,Zn,Ac i-iuea symDois-.instrumentauy <5 determined Open symbols-empirically determined from maximum intensity or felt area 0 Two coincident epicentres TYPES OF URANIUM OCCURRENCES O Sedimentary rocks © Shale Q Siltstone > Sandstone Conglomerate Volcanoclastic Sedimentary Rocks OFelsic Volcanic Rocks HMagmatic Rocks HMetamorphic Rocks SECTION 13 Z Veins ©Soil and stream sediments 3b,Zn,Mo,Ag,Au) Scotch Settlement (Pb.Zn, 62- French Lake 3 b,Zn(Mn;Mo,Sn, F,P) 63- Dungarvon River 42- Lutes Mountain(Cu,Fe,Y) 64- Oromocto Lake ( 43- Cornhill-Glenvale 65- Cherry Hill d Lake 44 Jordan Mountain (Cu,Mn) 66- Harvey Station ( e (F) 45- Midstream - Lower 67- Manners Sutton • implain(Pb,Zn, Midstream (Mo,V) 68- York Mills (F) 46- Berwick (Cu) 69- Mount Pleasant ( (Mo) 47- Kennebecasis Group Zn,Mo,Sn,W,Bi,F mocto Lake (Zn.Ni.MoXB.F) 70- Duck (Juvenile) L 48- Hampton (V,C) (Sn,W) 49- Wards Creek (C,P) 71- Shin Creek(Mo,S' ^iver 50- Kinnear Settlement rge(Sb,Cu(Pb,Ni, 72- West Mill Settler 51- Havelock (Cu,Pb,F,S) Au,Bi,Ba) 52- Dee Brook (Cu,Zn) Sb) 53- Mount Pisgh 73- Pete Brook ock 54- Harrison Brook 74- Hoyt Point iw(Cu) 75- Oromocto River ^iver 55- Smith Creek (Cu) 76- Kleef Brook Is (Cu) 56- Kennebecasis River 77- East Queenstovv L.Pb,Zn,Ag) 57 Hayward Brook fc t _ i 58 Weldon Creek / 7 PLEASANT/ /AREA 73 Lake rvon River (Cu) .Tto Lake (Cu) Hill ' Station (F) 's Sutton (F) nils (F) Pleasant (Cu,Pb, !.Sn,W,Bi,F) Juvenile) Lake reek(Mo,Sn,W,Ag) lill Settlement :rqok oint cto River (F) SECTION 14 3rook • ueenstown .BaSr) SECTION 15 SECTION 16 y Ag,F) 8- Blue Mountain (Pb.Zr^Ag^u) 27 Lily Lake (Mo) 9- Otter Brook 28- South Oromocto Lc 10- Catamaran Fault (Mo) (Cu.Pb.Mo.F) 45°00' 11- Cleaveland(Cu,Pb,Zn,Mo,Sn, 29- Pokiok W,Ag,Au) 30- Lepreau River 12- Rocky Brook (Cu^Zn.Mo, 31- Lake George (Sb,Cu Sn,W,Ag,Bi,F) Fe,Ti,V,Ag,Au,Bi,& 13- Dungarvon Group ( Pb,Zn,Mo, 32- McAdam(Sb) Sn,Sb,F) 33- Plaster Rock U- McConnell Brook 34- North View(Cu) 15- Trout Brook (Sn,W) 35- Cocaqne River 16- Shawn (Cu,Pb,Zn,Fe,Mn,Mo, 36- Berry Mills (Cu) Ag,Au) 37 Midgic(Cu,Pb,Zn,Ag 17 Long Lake (Cu,Pb,Zn,Mn,Mo, 38- Cape Spear (C) Sn,Ag,Au,Bi,Cl,F) 39- Cape Tormentine 18- Beadle Mountain 40- Shediac River(Cu,F 19- Canterbury (Cu,Pb,Zn Sb Ag Rb) Ti.V) l > l 41- McQuade Brook -Irisl 20- Add(Cu;Pb,Zn,Mo,Ag) 70°00' SECTION 17 Contribution to Canada-New Brunswick Mineral Development Agreement 1984-89, a subsidiary agreement under the Economic and Reqional Development Agreement. Project funded by the Geological Survey of Canada. Contribution a 1'Entente auxiliaire Canada/Nouveau-Brunswick sur 1 'exploitation "ine'rale 1984-89 faisant partie de 1'Entente de developpenient e'conomigue et reqional. Ce projet a ete' finance' par la Commission qe'ologique du Canada. Natural Resources and Energy Ressources naturelles et Energie New Brunswick Nouveau-Brunswick Energy. Mines and Enenjie. Mines et Resources Canada Reb' 'lurces Canada Canada 46- Berwick (Cu) 69- Mount Pleasant (Mo) 47- Kennebecasis Group Zn,Mo,Sn,W,Bi,F jmocto Lake (Zn,Ni,Mo,V,B,F) 70. Duck (Juvenile) L 48- Hampton (V,C) (Sn,W) 49- Wards Creek (C,P) 71. Shin Creek(Mo,S liver 50- Kinnear Settlement ge(Sb,Cu,Pb,Ni, 72- West Mill Settler 51- Havelock (Cu,Pb,F,S) ,Au,Bi,Ba) 52- Dee Brook (Cu,Zn) 73. Pete Brook Sb) 53- Mount Pisgh 74. Hoyt Point ock 54- Harrison Brook 75- Oromocto River w(Cu) 55- Smith Creek (Cu) liver 56- Kennebecasis River 76- Kleef Brook Is (Cu) 57 Hayward Brook 77 East Queenstow ,Pb,Zn,Ag) 58- Weldon Creek (Pb,Ag,Ba/Sr) 1 ar(C) 59- Collier Mountain 7& Renous Propert nentine 60A-Ridge Brook 79- Renous River (C. ?iver(Cu,Pb,Mn, 60- Pigeon Hill (Cu) 80- Whetstone Broo 61- Chiasson,Shippegan Island 81. Monaghan Broo Brook-lrishtown- (Cu,Mn,C) 69°00' SECTION 18 68°00' :easant (Cu,Pb, h,W,Bi,F) jvenile) Lake |ek(Mo,Sn,W,Ag) II Settlement S) hok mt o River (F) [rook .eenstown -a,Sr) Property (C) River (Cu) >ne Brook (Cu) 1/ [.in Brook (Cu) . 67°00' SECTION 19 Figure 1 66°00' 65°00' SECTION 20 K5°00' r A / \ ! 1 A v O) !D : vV , A.1 i ! \" . -N . 1 U r-l H r~. -• ~ • 65°00' 64°00' OPEN FILE DOSSIER PUBLIC 1769 r,i oi otiicA. SUHVE v or CA COMMISSION GFOLOGIQUF UJ OTTAWA 1988 METALLOGEh REGIONAL AROOSTOOK-MATAF PERIODS OF ANTICLINORIUi^ AG E DEFORMATDN A B C D U i M ! -, PENNSYLVANIA N APPALACHIAN (ALLEGHENIAN) OROGENY || I i U i i i i — ' IA N GENESIS OF NEW BRUh <;-MATAPEDIA CHALEUR- BAY LINORIUM SYNCLINORIUM A B C D BRUNSWICK URANIUM M RAMICHI FRi ANTK3LINORIUM A B C D A B SECTION 3 i \ / v. / / N - \ \ \ \ / \ /\ / X N / \/\ /\ / /\ / / /\ I M OCCURRENCES FREDERICTON TROUGH PLAS; su B D B SECTION 4 \ • V / N \ V / \ \ / N / /\ \ / /N- N / C ARB ONI FE ROU S BASIN PLASTER ROCK MONCTON SUBBASIN SUBBASIN ^35-Cocagne River Z 40- Shediac River (Cu.Pb.Mn, HAF 33- Plaster Rock Ti,V) 1 ©3A-North View(Cu) McQuade Brook - Irishtowne - Scotch Settlement (Pb,Zn,F,P) €> 42- Lutes Mountain(Cu,Fe,Y) MONCTON CENTRAL SUBBASIN CARBONIFEROUS SUBBASIN Q35-Cocagne River d60-Pigeon Hill (Cu) SECTION 6 X 40- Shediac River (Cu,Pb,Mn, HARVEY STATION AREA Ti.V) 3 65-Cherry Hill 1- McQuade Brook - X 66-Harvey Station (F) Irishtowne - Scotch X 67- Manners Sutton(F,Hg,As! Settlement (Pb,Zn,F,P) X 68.YorkMills(F) f> 42- Lutes Mountain (Cu,Fe,Y) (M 43Cornhill - Glenvale MOUNT PLEASANT AREA 44-Jordan Mountain (Cu.Mn) 0 69- Mount Pleasant (Cu,Pb, 45- Millstream- Lower Zn,Mo,Sn,W,Bi,F) I „!.. lf-\hl DEVONIAN MISSISSIPPIAN 2. M«J o SECTION 8 O2- Durham Centre (P 3 3- Atholville 4- Cox Brook (V) 5- Left (Cu,Pb,Zn,Mo,, (J 1- Popelogcm 6- Stew (Cu,Pb,Zn,M, Ag,Au) 7- Evy (Cu,Pb,Zn,Mo,- 8- Blue Mountain (Pbj Ag,Au) SECTION 9 BURNTHILL GRANITE H 9- Otter Brook DUNGARVON GRANITE X 10-Catamaran Fault (Mo) (Cu,Pb,Zn, H12- Rocky Brook (Cu,Pb,Zn, •• Centre (Pb) lie Mo,Sn,W,Ag,Bi,F) ook (V) H 13- Dungarvon Group (Pb, Zn,Mo,Sn,Sb,F) u,Pb,Zn,Mo,Ag) © W- McConnell Brook ,;u,Pb,Zn,Mo, TROUT BROOK GRANITE i © 15-Trout Brook (Sn,W) i,Pb,Zn,Mo,Ag) NORTH POLE GRANITE in (Pb.Zn, XXX X 16-Shawn (Cu,Pb,Zn,Fe, XXX xxx Mn, Mo,Ag,Au) XXX XXX X 17- Long Lake (Cu,Pb,Zn, xxx XXX IjJ Xxx Cl,F) xxx xxx JUNIPER BARRENS 11 XXX F1 GRANITE ! •• 18- Beadle Mountain \'l 1 a m H—P— f 1i1 1 ~Ur 19- Canterbury (C^Pb.Zn, Cu A ,- D I- ) , SECTION 10 ST- GEORGE BATHOLITH X 23- Welsford H 24- Bald Head Lake X 25-Trout Lake (F) H 26- Mount Champlain (Pb,Zn,Ag>F) X 27- Lily Lake (Mo) © 28- South Oromocto Lake (Cu,Pb,Mo,F) POKIOK BATHOLITH H29- Pokiok X 30- Lepreau River Pb.Zn, STLU.RI.AM Miiistream- Lower Millstream (Mo,V) O 46 Berwick (Cu) O 47- Kennebecasis Group (Zn.Ni.McV.B.F) Hampton (V,C) Wards Creek (C,P) Kinnear Settlement Havelock Dee Brook (Cu.Zn) Mount Pisgh Harrison Brook Smith Creek (Cu) Kennebecasis River Hayward Brook Weldon Creek SECTION 11 Collier Mountain [J60A. Ridge Brook ( ? ) Milistream- Lower Midstream (Mo,V) 70- Duck(Juvenile) Lake(Sn,W)l O 46 Berwick (Cu) VOLCANOCLASTIC SED ROCKS I O 47- Kennebecasis Group X 71-Shin Creek (Mo,Sn,W,Agr (Zn,Ni,Mo,V,B,F) ©72-West Mill Settlement Hampton (V,C) (Cu,Pb,F,S) Wards Creek (C.P) © 73-Pete Brook Kinnear Settlement ©74-Hoyt Point Havelock 750romocto River(F) Dee Brook (Cu.Zn) 76Kleef Brook Mount Pisgn 77-East Queenstown Harrison Brook " (Pb,Ag,Ba,Sr) Smith Creek (Cu) RENOUS AREA Kennebecasis River © 78- Renous Property (C) Hayward Brook ©79- Renous River (Cu) Weldon Creek © 80- Whetstone Brook (Cu) Collier Mountain ©81- Monaghan Brook (Cu) 12 [J60A. Ridge Brook ( ?) U LO L TACONIC OROGENY U u o O L ct: O Contribution to Canada-New Brunswick Mineral Development Agreement 1984-89, a subsidiary agreement under the Economic and Regional Development Agreement. Project funded by the Geological Survey of Canada. Contribution a 1'Entente auxiliaire Canada/Nouveau-Brunswick sur 1 'exploitation SECTION 13 mineraie 1984-89 faisant partie de 1'Entente de de'veloppement e'conomique et regional. Ce projet a ete finance par la Commission ge'ologique du Canada. Natural Resources and Energy Ressources naturelles et Energie " New Brunswick Nouveau-Brunswick Energy, Mines and Energie, Mines et Resources Canada Ressources Canada Canada A A A V V V A AA V VV A A ) ===== SECTION 14 uui y Sb,Ag,Rb) GRANITOIDS X 20- Add (Cu.Pb.Zn.McAg) X 21- Serpy(Cu.P^Zn.Mo, Ag.Au) X 22- SECTION 15 Figure 2 V VV I 11 It A A SILURIAN METASED- V VV ROCKS X 31- Lake George (Sfc^Cu.P ft: Ni,Fe,TiXAg,Au,Bi,Ba) Period of intr ©32McAdam(Sb) Period of def •:•: Period of vo: Period of me Felsic intrus Mafic intrusi \M . Felsic and m rocks '•:•: Felsic volcanl I Mafic volcarl Pillow lava Subgreensch Lower green- Greenschist fades Sjliimanite SECTION 16 L E G E N D Period of intrusion T-YPi OCC Period of deformation Contact aureole Period of volcanism Depositional interval O, Period of metamorphism Unconformity Felsic intrusive rocks Single penetrative Mafic intrusive rocks deformation Felsic and mafic intrusive Polyphase deformation rocks Thrust fault Felsic volcanic rocks Wrench fault 3 Mafic volcanic rocks Block fault Pillow lava Cross fold H Subgreenschist facies a Lower greenschist facies Open fold x Greenschist to amphibolite Close fold facies Sillimanite grade SECTION 17 I E G E N D TYPES OF URANIUM OCCURRENCES Contact aureole Depositional interval 0 Sedimentary rocks Unconformity G Shale Q Siltstone Single penetrative deformation (& Sandstone Polyphase deformation €) Conglomerate Thrust fault © Voicanociastic sedimentary rocks Wrench fault (3 Felsic volcanic rocks Block fault H Magmatic rocks Cross fold 01 Metamorphic rocks Open fold X Veins Close fold © Soil and stream sediments OPEN FILE DOSSIER PUBLIC 1769 GEOLVGlCAK SURVEY Of CANADA COMMISSION GEOLOGIOUF DU CANADA OTTAWA 1988 SECTION 18