EVERYMAN .1 WILL? GO V-* ~~^--m^r >* IN THY MOST NEED THEE & BE THY GUIDE O GO BY THY SIDE ^OVyfcxvJL Presented to the LIBRARY of the UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO by Sybille Pantazzi EVERYMAN'S LIBRARY EDITED BY ERNEST RHYS REFERENCE A L I TE R A R Y AND HISTORICAL ATLAS OF NORTH & SOUTH AMERICA THE PUBLISHERS OF LlBT^ATty WILL BE PLEASED TO SEND FREELY TO ALL APPLICANTS A LIST OF THE PUBLISHED AND PROJECTED VOLUMES TO BE COMPRISED UNDER THE FOLLOWING THIRTEEN HEADINGS: TRAVEL ^ SCIENCE ^ FICTION THEOLOGY & PHILOSOPHY HISTORY ^ CLASSICAL FOR YOUNG PEOPLE ESSAYS $ ORATORY POETRY & DRAMA BIOGRAPHY REFERENCE ROMANCE IN FOUR STYLES OF BINDING; CLOTH, FLAT BACK, COLOURED TOP; LEATHER, ROUND CORNERS, GILT TOP; LIBRARY BINDING IN CLOTH, & QUARTER PIGSKIN LONDON: J. M. DENT & SONS, LTD. NEW YORK: E. P. DUTTON & CO. I ALITERARYS HISTORICAL ATLAS OF AMERICA? J G.BARTHOLOMEW LL.D LONLON:PUBL4SHED hyJMDENTS-SONS^ ANP IN NEW YORK BYE-P DUTTONSCO / INTRODUCTION WHEN General Hamilton spoke in the Federalist over a " century ago of an empire, in many respects the most inter- esting in the world," meaning the United States of America, he did not, he could not, foresee the vast growth of his country and its northern and southern neighbours which this book portrays. The volume is the third in a series of small atlases, meant to cover in turn the whole globe, and to do it in a way to knit up geographical and historical knowledge with the facts of commerce and the literary record of each land or region. One chief purpose of these maps is to trace clearly " the development of the United States, beginning with the " most remarquable parts of the New England of the Pilgrim Fathers, described by Captain John Smith in 1614, and not forgetting the territories of the old American-Indian nations. Some inkling too is given in facsimile of the early charts, views, and maps by the explorers and cartographers who made a survey of the first settlements. For example, we have an old map of Guiana invaluable as a Sir Walter Raleigh record, giving the mouths of the Oronoke, or Orinoco, where his men tugged against the stream, and stretching southward to the Amazon itself, and we get from the map of Peru at the period of the Conquest a clear idea of the country in the time of Pizarro. As with the great rivers, so with the great American cities. " You can compare old New York," as represented in one page, with the new New York and its environs which are a world's wonder to-day. Then again you can take the chart of the Early Highways that ran westward into the wilderness and estimate how the power of the engineer has, since the railway came, caught the States in an iron network and rearranged the Americas. Battlefields and sieges, by which the right of the new country to its national life and individuality was vii viii Introduction " wrenched," as Tennyson said in his address to the old 1 country, are not forgotten. Note among the less familiar documents that we are able to include, the rare map of the territory in Virginia and North Carolina traversed by John Lederer in his three marches. Lederer was sent out by Governor Berkeley in 1669-70, and journeyed west as far as the top of the Apalatoean moun- tains. It seems doubtful how far he went in South Carolina. He did not penetrate far enough, according to Professor " W. J. Rivers, to meet the new-comers who were about founding the Commonwealth of Locke." As for the local associations that have become familiar in American literature, you have a chart of the Concord neighbourhood showing Walden Pond, Forest Lake, Lexing- ton, and Punkatasset Hill, associated with the name and fame of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and H. D. Thoreau. Fenimore Cooper recalls the old Indian Territory as it was in the wild prime of the Red Men; and " " you travel from the land of Hiawatha in Longfellow's poem southwards to the Mexico and Peru of Prescott, and then pause over something more amazing than any record in imaginative verse or prose the plain statistics figured in the map of South America, and the emergence of Buenos Ayres with its million and a quarter inhabitants, Rio de Janeiro with its 860,000, San Paulo with 350,000, and Santiago with 330,000. Here are the elements of an immense new Lathi civilisation which is going to count, and count enormously, just as China and its millions are bound to count enormously in the twentieth century. We might have spoken at large of Canada and its huge " dominion; of Newfoundland, New Brunswick, New Scotia," and the chain of the Great Lakes in the North. But an Atlas speaks for itself with the accent of a world-bearer if one treats its pages as they ought to be treated, with a sense of the great perspective of history and of men and nations advancing along it to their fulfilment in the world. The Old World and the New have lately been drawn closer by the mysterious nerves that underrun the Atlantic and the understanding of a true world polity; and it is hoped that this volume will do something to foster that amity between states and nations. " 1 Be proud of those strong sons of thine Who wrenched the right thou wouldst not yield." Introduction IX We have again to acknowledge very gratefully the indis- pensable help given to our enterprise by Dr. Bartholomew with his unfailing knowledge and skill. Also to thank Miss Edwardes for her working gazetteer which makes reference easy, and Mr. G. C. Brooke of the Department of Coins and Medals at the British Museum for his notes on the coinage, and for his arrangements of the specimens which serve so vividly to illustrate the historical side of the atlas. CONTENTS COLOURED MAPS PAGE ATLANTIC OCEAN, TOSCANELLI, 1474 i DISCOVERIES OF COLUMBUS 2 DISCOVERIES OF THE NORSEMEN ...... 3 AMERICA, 1492-1522 ........ 3 AMERICA, 1522-1700 . 4, 5 NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES, 1643 6 NORTH AMERICA, 1740 7 NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES, 1755-1763 . 8, 9 NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES, 1783 . .10,11 CANADA, 1791 12, 13 UNITED STATES, 1801 14 UNITED STATES, 1845 15 UNITED STATES CIVIL WAR, 1861-65 16, 17 CORTES IN MEXICO, 1519 ....... 18 MEXICO AND WEST INDIES, 1650 19 MEXICO AND WEST INDIES, 1763 20 MEXICO AND WEST INDIES, 1855 21 SOUTH AMERICA POLITICAL FORMATION . 22, 23 THE WORLD ON MERCATOR'S PROJECTION, SHOWING ROUTES TO AMERICA 24, 25 AMERICA COMMERCIAL ROUTES ON MERCATOR'S PROJECTION . 26, 27 AMERICA JANUARY TEMPERATURE . 28 AMERICA JULY TEMPERATURE 29 AMERICA RAINFALL AND WINDS, JANUARY .... 30 AMERICA RAINFALL AND WINDS, JULY ..... 31 SKETCH CHART OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC ON . MERCATOR'S PRO- ; JECTION . 32, 33 ARCTIC REGIONS ......... 34 ANTARCTIC REGIONS ........ 35 NORTH AMERICA OROGRAPHICAL ...... 36 NORTH AMERICA VEGETATION ...... 37 xi xii Contents PAGE NORTH AMERICA POLITICAL 38 NORTH AMERICA POPULATION ...... 39 DOMINION OF CANADA ........ 40, 41 CANADA RAILWAYS AND ECONOMIC ..... 42, 43 NEWFOUNDLAND AND GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE ... 44 NEW BRUNSWICK, NOVA SCOTIA, ETC. ..... 45 QUEBEC .......... 46, 47 ONTARIO 48, 49 MANITOBA AND PART OF SASKATCHEWAN . 50, 51 BRITISH COLUMBIA, ETC. 52, 53 UNITED STATES POLITICAL ACQUISITIONS . 54, 55 UNITED STATES RAILWAYS AND ECONOMIC . 56, 57 NEW YORK, PENNSYLVANIA, AND NEW ENGLAND STATES . 58, 59 NEW YORK AND ENVIRONS 60, 6 1 CHICAGO .......... 62 ST. Louis .......... 62 BOSTON 63 PHILADELPHIA ......... 63 ATLANTIC STATES . 64, 65 CENTRAL STATES . 66, 67 SOUTHERN STATES . 68, 69 WESTERN STATES 70, 71 THE YOSEMITE VALLEY ........ 71 CALIFORNIA, ETC 72 VANCOUVER .......... 73 SAN FRANCISCO ......... 73 ALASKA 74 PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 75 MEXICO 76, 77 WEST INDIES AND CENTRAL AMERICA 78, 79 CUBA, JAMAICA, ETC. ........ 80 PANAMA CANAL ......... 81 SOUTH AMERICA OROGRAPHICAL ...... 82 SOUTH AMERICA VEGETATION ...... 83 SOUTH AMERICA POLITICAL ...... 84 SOUTH AMERICA POPULATION ...... 85 SOUTH AMERICA RAILWAYS AND ECONOMIC . 86, 87 BRAZIL AND GUIANA 88, 89 VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA, ECUADOR, AND PERU . 90, 91 CHILE, ARGENTINA, ETC. 92, 93 Contents xiii PAGE Rio DE JANEIRO . ... 94 MONTE VIDEO ......... 95 BUENOS AYRES . ... 95 PATAGONIA . 96 A BRIEF SURVEY OF THE COINAGE OF NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA, BY G. C. BROOKE, B.A., DEPARTMENT OF COINS AND MEDALS, BRITISH MUSEUM ... 97 LINE MAPS MAPS AND PLANS OF NOTABLE BATTLES AND DISTRICTS CONNECTED WITH FAMOUS AUTHORS AND THEIR BOOKS BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL, i7th June, 1775 .... 117 SIEGE OF CHARLESTON, 1776 . .118 BATTLE OF LONG ISLAND, 1776 ...... 118 BATTLE OF BRANDYWINE, 1777 ... 119 ATTLE OF FREEMANS FARM . .119 PLAN OF WEST POINT, showing Forts and Batteries, 1780 . 120 SIEGE OF YORKTOWN ........ 120 MAPS SHOWING PRINCIPAL BATTLES OF THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 121 A PLAN OF THE OPERATIONS AT THE TAKING OF QUEBEC AND THE BATTLE FOUGHT NEAR THAT CITY, September isth, 1759 . 122 PORT ROYAL, 1613 ......... 123 A MAP OF NEW ENGLAND IN 1631, as observed and described by Captain John Smith . .124 MAP OF THE WHOLE TERRITORY TRAVERSED BY JOHN LEDERER in his Three Marches, 1672 . .125 A MAP OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN NATIONS adjoining to the Missis- sippi, West and East Florida, Georgia, South and North Carolina, Virginia, etc., 1775 ........ 126 NEW AMSTERDAM ABOUT 1650 ....... 127 NEW YORK ABOUT 1730 ........ 128 PLAN OF NEW YORK IN 1746 ..... 1 . 129 EARLY HIGHWAYS, showing expansion westwards . .130 xiv Contents PAGE THE BOSTON DISTRICT . .130 THE CONCORD NEIGHBOURHOOD Emerson, Hawthorne, Thoreau, etc. 131 VIRGINIA IN AMERICAN FICTION . -131 THE EL DORADO OF SIR WALTER RALEIGH, 1595 . 132 MAP OF PERU AT THE PERIOD OF THE CONQUEST . .133 GROWTH OF TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES . 134 GROWTH OF POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES .