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Almaciga Agathis Philippinensis (Warb.)

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Almaciga Agathis Philippinensis (Warb.) ResearCh In'formation Series on RISEEcosystems I I Vol. 25 NO.2 & 3 May· December 2013 ~<ill~ ~'~\iRJ.w ''!kJ11J 1~ ~J••1mJ .~ Reprinted December 2013 ECOSYSTEMS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BUREAU Department of Environment and Natural Resources College 4031, laguna FOREWORD RISE TASK FORCE Executive Adviser Dr. Portia G. Lapitan The Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau produced the first 10 issues of Research Information Series Team Leader Dr. Leuvina M. Tandug on Ecosystems in 1989. Since then, due to numerous Asst. Team Leader requests for copies of said materials, we have ran out of and Editor Mr. Eliseo M. Saltazar copies and we have been reprinting them for our readers. Assistant Editors Ms. Liberty E. Asis Five of the most requested titles are Lumbang, Ms. Marla V. Cambay Almaciga, Akle, Bagtikan and VVhite Lauan. In this reprinted version, we are featuring these forest species to meet current Members Dr. Elpidio F. Rimando demands. Dr. Rafael T. Cadiz Ms. Maria dP. Dayan We are therefore publishing this compilation for school libraries or as a handy reference in public reading nooks or Production Coordinator Mr. Francisco R. Cabrera information centers. In its compiled form, this issue can be conveniently used by our readers. Computer Services Mr. Nestor S. Leviste Proofreading Ms. Flora B. Palicpic Ms. Marilou C. Villones ~ Mr. Eduardo M. Tolentino /J)/</J c; PORTIA &~~ITAN, Ph.D. Layout Artist Mr. Nestor S. Leviste OIC-EROS Director Printing Mr. Celso A. Luna Collating and Binding Mr. Eduardo M. Tolentino Mr. Renato R. Garcia Circulation Mr. Eduardo M. Tolentino SPECIES PAGE TABLE OF CONTENTS Akle SPECIES PAGE Common Name 25 Lumbang Local Name 25 Common Name 1 Scientific Name 25 Local Name 1 Family 25 Scientific Name 1 Description 25 Family 1 Uses 26 Description 1 Distribution 26 Uses 2 Site Requirements 26 Distribution 2 Propagation 27 Site Requirements 3 Seed Technology 27 Propagation 3 Nursery Practices 28 Seed Technology 3 Plantation Establishment 28 Nursery Practices 5 Pests 29 Plantation Establishment 6 References 30 Diseases 7 Pests 8 Bagtikan References 10 Common Name 33 Local Name 33 Almaciga Scientific Name 33 Common Name 13 Family 33 Local Name 13 Description 33 Scientific Name 13 Uses 34 Family 13 Distribution 34 Description 13 Site Requirements 34 Uses 14 Propagation 35 Distribution 14 Nursery Practices 36 Site Requirements 15 Plantation Establishment 37 Propagation 15 Diseases 37 Seed Technology 15 Pests 39 Nursery Practices 16 References 41 Plantation Establishment 18 Diseases 19 Pests 19 References 22 SPECIES PAGE White Lauan Common Name 44 Local Name 44 Scientific Name 44 Family 44 Description 44 Uses 45 Distribution 45 Lumbang Site Requirements 45 Propagation 45 Nursery Practices 47 Aleurites moluccana (L.) Plantation Establishment 49 Diseases 50 Willd. References 52 Compiled by Maria P. Dayan and Cynthia C. Marquez L Uses LUMBANG J Oil can be extracted from lumbang seeds. This oil is used in the manufacture of paint, soap, varnish, and wood Common Name Lumbang preservative. It is also used in making polishing material for straw hats, putty, manufacture of linoleum, printing and Local Name Lumbang bato, lumbang, stamping ink and serves as a rubber substitute. A 100% kalumbang, kapili (Tagalog) biau, lumbang oil is used to temper hardwood. rumbang (Visayas, Baguio), kapili, kami (Sulu). Lumbang is also grown in plantation as shade for growing plants. The wood is used in the manufacture of Scientific Name Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. matches and wooden shoes. Family Euphorbiaceae The juice of the nuts can be taken internally to eradicate worms. Its seeds serve as mild purgative. Description Habitat and Distribution Lumbang is a large tree reaching a diameter of 80-150 cm with an average height of 24 m in the dense stand and 21.4 Lumbang is found throughout the Philippines at low and m in the open stand. The outer bark is grayish white, while the medium altitudes in secondary forests. It is widely planted in inner bark is reddish when cut and slightly exuding a reddish the provinces of Cavite and Laguna. sap when wet. Lumbang apparently grows well in the variety of tropical The leaves are simple, alternate, terminally clustered, climates. It grows in dry localities as well as in regions where with long petioles, and the blades are oblong with pointed apical rainfall is very heavy and in provinces where rainfall is fairly tip. They are 10-20 cm long, with shining upper surface and well distributed. In the Philippines, it grows in 6 provinces with with a paler color underneath. climate type 1 (6 months dry from Nov.-April and the rest wet season) namely, Antique, Cavite, Laguna, Zambales, Cebu Flowers are white, numerous, with soft hairs, 6 to 8 mm and Davao. long, borne terminally on panicles, 10 to 15 cm long. It performs well in Cavite and Cebu provinces which The fruit is fleshy. Seeds are oily, about 3 cm long 3.5 cm have a very pronounced dry season. It is also grown well in wide; with 1 to 2 hard shells. The shell of the seed is very hard, Laguna and Davao provinces where the rainfall is fairly well rough, ridged and about 2.5 mm in thickness. Within the seed is distributed. a white, oily and fleshy kernel consisting of a very thin embryo surrounded by a large endosperm. 1, _' . _' _ ';:'':''''.:,:,.'-''",',,' '~~.:_.. It is found in tropical Asia to Polynesia and in the forests Months Places of the Hawaian Islands. January and February Negros Site Requirements April Agusan May Nueva Vizcaya The tree grows on various soils but yields the best June Laguna returns if planted on a deep, well-drained soil. It could tolerate August Cebu thin soil with a heavy, compact and adobe subsoil. It can also September Laguna grow successfully on thin soil of limestone origin. It can be December Abra maintained in cogonal areas. The average seed count of lumbang is 95 seedslkg. It has no special moisture requirements. It grows well with minimum or heavy rainfall. However, during rainy season, Method of Seed Collection fruiting in non-formation of seeds. The fruit is collected from the tree with the use of a light Phenology, Flowering or Fruiting pole and a hook attached to its end. Seeds are picked from the ground and are placed in baskets or sacks. Flowering occurs in many places from May to October or sometimes during rainy season. Fruiting months are more or Another method of seed collection is to allow the fruits less uniform for the whole year. Some observations show that to stay on the ground for 7 to 10 days after falling from the lumbang bears fruit the whole year. tree until the fleshy outer husk rots. Thereafter, the nuts are gathered. Propagation Seed Processing and Handling Lumbang is easily propagated by seeds and apparently does not grow easily from cuttings. Fruits are allowed to decay from 7 to 10 days until the fleshy portion is removed. After the decay of the fruit exocarp Seed TeChnology (outer fleshy portion of the fruit), the seeds (stones) are extracted. Fruits/seeds are collected in the following months and places: In the Visayas, fruits are gathered from the tree and placed in a drum full of water. The fruits are soaked in water for several days until the fleshy protion rots. The fleshy porti6n is removed by hand and washed. c. The soil should preferably be loamy. A mixture of Storage loamy soil and compost is an excellent medium for growing the seedlings. Seeds intended for propagation are dried under the sun long enough to retain adequate amount of moisture which is d. Sow the seeds in rows which are 10 cm apart and necessary in prolonging the storage period. with a distance of 5 cm between the seeds in each row. Cover the seeds with soil to a depth equal to Gennination their diameter. Seeds are enclosed in a very hard shell. Seed e. After sowing, cover the seed bed with a mulch of germination may be enhanced by any of the following cogon, straw or rice hull with a thichness of about methods: 2 to 3 cm. a. Peel or nick the shell. f. Water the bed regularly until the seedlings reach 10 cm in height when they require only occasional b. Crack the shell with a grinder or a clamp. watering. c. Remove a protion of the shell with a grindstone. g. Transplant the seedlings to the plantation area when they attain 50 to 60 cm in height. d. Place the seeds in a stratified condition, i.e., cover them with a thin layer of dried cogon leaves are Plantation Establishment burned later. Then, cold water is poured over the seeds. The change in temperature causes the shell The seedlings can be planted bare root, earth balled or to crack. The seeds can be sown on ordinary soil and in pots. In planting, the holes of sufficient size should be dug. covered with mulch. Seedlings should be in upright position. Fill the hole with good soil. Provide stake after planting for seedling protection and to Nursery Practices serve as guide when cleaning the area. Cleaning should be done at least twice a year. The following nursery practices are recommended: Protection against fire, vines and animals should be a. Before sowing, test the seeds by immersing them in a provided to avoid damage to growing seedlings and trees. tank or bucket of water. Good seeds sink to the bottom and the poor ones float. Discard the floating Cut dead branches. For nut production, pruning is not seeds. advisable. b. Prepare seed beds 1.2 m wide and 5 m long.
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