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1992-Common Sense Retrieval
From: AAAI-92 Proceedings. Copyright ©1992, AAAI (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. Common Sense A. Julian Graddock University of B.C. Vancouver, B.C., V6T lW5 [email protected] Abstract Such inferences are made by retrieving common sense knowledge: General stable knowledge about the An important and readily available source unobserved properties obtained by aggregating over a of knowledge for common sense reasoning is set of similar experiences in the EKB. Thus, the CSR partial descriptions of specific experiences. might infer that the bird sitting on the lawn flys if Knowledge bases (KBs) containing such in- flying is part of the common sense knowledge about formation are called episodic knowledge buses similar birds. (EKB). Aggregations of episodic knowledge In this document I provide a first order framework provide common sense knowledge about the appropriate for: 1. Describing experiences, and 2. Mak- unobserved properties of ‘new’ experiences. ing inferences by retrieving common sense knowledge Such knowledge is retrieved by applying directly from an EKB. The framework differs from statistics to a relevant subset of the EKB many existing knowledge representation techniques as called the reference class. it provides information about specific experiences. I I study a manner in which a corpus of expe- judge the effectiveness of my model by its ability to riences can be represented to allow common flexibly and efficiently retrieve common sense knowl- sense retrieval which is: 1. Flexible enough edge. to allow the common sense reasoner to deal with ‘new’ experiences, and 2. In the simplest My solution case, reduces to efficient database look-up. -
What Technology Wants / Kevin Kelly
WHAT TECHNOLOGY WANTS ALSO BY KEVIN KELLY Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World New Rules for the New Economy: 10 Radical Strategies for a Connected World Asia Grace WHAT TECHNOLOGY WANTS KEVIN KELLY VIKING VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2Y3 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi - 110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, North Shore 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England First published in 2010 by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 13579 10 8642 Copyright © Kevin Kelly, 2010 All rights reserved LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Kelly, Kevin, 1952- What technology wants / Kevin Kelly. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-670-02215-1 1. Technology'—Social aspects. 2. Technology and civilization. I. Title. T14.5.K45 2010 303.48'3—dc22 2010013915 Printed in the United States of America Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book. -
Donna E. West Myrdene Anderson Editors Before and Beyond Consciousness
Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics Donna E. West Myrdene Anderson Editors Consensus on Peirce’s Concept of Habit Before and Beyond Consciousness Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics Volume 31 Series editor Lorenzo Magnani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy e-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Atocha Aliseda Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacan, Mexico Giuseppe Longo Centre Cavaillès, CNRS—Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France Chris Sinha Lund University, Lund, Sweden Paul Thagard Waterloo University, Waterloo, ON, Canada John Woods University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada About this Series Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics (SAPERE) publishes new developments and advances in all the fields of philosophy, epistemology, and ethics, bringing them together with a cluster of scientific disciplines and technological outcomes: from computer science to life sciences, from economics, law, and education to engineering, logic, and mathematics, from medicine to physics, human sciences, and politics. It aims at covering all the challenging philosophical and ethical themes of contemporary society, making them appropriately applicable to contemporary theoretical, methodological, and practical problems, impasses, controversies, and conflicts. The series includes monographs, lecture notes, selected contributions from specialized conferences and workshops as well as selected Ph.D. theses. Advisory Board A. Abe, Chiba, Japan A. Pereira, São Paulo, Brazil H. Andersen, Copenhagen, Denmark L.M. Pereira, Caparica, Portugal O. Bueno, Coral Gables, USA A.-V. Pietarinen, Helsinki, Finland S. Chandrasekharan, Mumbai, India D. Portides, Nicosia, Cyprus M. Dascal, Tel Aviv, Israel D. Provijn, Ghent, Belgium G.D. Crnkovic, Västerås, Sweden J. Queiroz, Juiz de Fora, Brazil M. -
Social Engineering in Cybersecurity: a Domain Ontology and Knowledge Graph Application Examples Zuoguang Wang1,2* , Hongsong Zhu1,2* ,Peipeiliu1,2 and Limin Sun1,2
Wang et al. Cybersecurity (2021) 4:31 Cybersecurity https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-021-00094-6 RESEARCH Open Access Social engineering in cybersecurity: a domain ontology and knowledge graph application examples Zuoguang Wang1,2* , Hongsong Zhu1,2* ,PeipeiLiu1,2 and Limin Sun1,2 Abstract Social engineering has posed a serious threat to cyberspace security. To protect against social engineering attacks, a fundamental work is to know what constitutes social engineering. This paper first develops a domain ontology of social engineering in cybersecurity and conducts ontology evaluation by its knowledge graph application. The domain ontology defines 11 concepts of core entities that significantly constitute or affect social engineering domain, together with 22 kinds of relations describing how these entities related to each other. It provides a formal and explicit knowledge schema to understand, analyze, reuse and share domain knowledge of social engineering. Furthermore, this paper builds a knowledge graph based on 15 social engineering attack incidents and scenarios. 7 knowledge graph application examples (in 6 analysis patterns) demonstrate that the ontology together with knowledge graph is useful to 1) understand and analyze social engineering attack scenario and incident, 2) find the top ranked social engineering threat elements (e.g. the most exploited human vulnerabilities and most used attack mediums), 3) find potential social engineering threats to victims, 4) find potential targets for social engineering attackers, 5) find potential attack paths from specific attacker to specific target, and 6) analyze the same origin attacks. Keywords: Social engineering attack, Cyber security, Ontology, Knowledge graph, Attack scenarios, Threat analysis, Attack path, Attack model, Taxonomy, Composition and structure Introduction (Wang et al. -
A Philosophical Commentary on Cs Peirce's “On a New List
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts A PHILOSOPHICAL COMMENTARY ON C. S. PEIRCE'S \ON A NEW LIST OF CATEGORIES": EXHIBITING LOGICAL STRUCTURE AND ABIDING RELEVANCE A Dissertation in Philosophy by Masato Ishida °c 2009 Masato Ishida Submitted in Partial Ful¯lment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2009 The dissertation of Masato Ishida was reviewed and approved¤ by the following: Vincent M. Colapietro Professor of Philosophy Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Dennis Schmidt Professor of Philosophy Christopher P. Long Associate Professor of Philosophy Director of Graduate Studies for the Department of Philosophy Stephen G. Simpson Professor of Mathematics ¤ Signatures are on ¯le in the Graduate School. ii ABSTRACT This dissertation focuses on C. S. Peirce's relatively early paper \On a New List of Categories"(1867). The entire dissertation is devoted to an extensive and in-depth analysis of this single paper in the form of commentary. All ¯fteen sections of the New List are examined. Rather than considering the textual genesis of the New List, or situating the work narrowly in the early philosophy of Peirce, as previous scholarship has done, this work pursues the genuine philosophical content of the New List, while paying attention to the later philosophy of Peirce as well. Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason is also taken into serious account, to which Peirce contrasted his new theory of categories. iii Table of Contents List of Figures . ix Acknowledgements . xi General Introduction 1 The Subject of the Dissertation . 1 Features of the Dissertation . -
Vivid Knowledge and Tractable Reasoning: Preliminary Report
Vivid Knowledge and Tractable Reasoning: Preliminary Report David W. Etherington Alex Borgida Ronald J. Brachman AT&T Bell Laboratories Department of Computer Science Henry Kautz 600 Mountain Avenue Rutgers University AT&T Bell Laboratories Murray Hill, NJ 07974-2070 New Brunswick, NJ Murray Hill, NJ 07974-2070 Abstract can be expressed in the knowledge base (KB) is restricted (sometimes severely) to guarantee that queries can be Mundane, everyday, reasoning is fast. Given answered in more or less reasonable time. In the lat• the inherent complexity of sound and com• ter, restrictions like avoiding chaining or four-valued in• plete reasoning with representations expressive terpretations yield limited conclusions, albeit from rela• enough to capture what people seem to know, tively expressive KB's. commonsense reasoning must require shortcuts We conjecture that a key to efficient problem-solving and assumptions. Some means of simplifying lies in a notion of commonsense reasoning—the kind of the retrieval of the inferential consequences of reasoning that people engage in all the time without re• a set of facts is obviously required. Instead of course to "paper and pencil'1, reasoning by cases, back• looking, as others have, at limited inference or tracking, or particularly deep thought.1 Commonsense syntactic restrictions on the representation, we reasoning is fast: if it were a problem-solver's normal explore the use of "vivid" forms for knowledge, mode of reasoning, then the problem-solver would be in which determining the truth of a sentence is fast. Paradoxically, studies of commonsense reasoning on the order of a database retrieval. in AI (e.g., nonmonotonic logics) have frequently led to In order to base a reasoning system on mechanisms that are even less tractable than logical de• vivid knowledge, we consider ways to construct duction. -
Navigational Efficiency of Broad Vs. Narrow Folksonomies
Navigational Efficiency of Broad vs. Narrow Folksonomies Denis Helic Christian Körner Michael Granitzer Knowledge Management Knowledge Management Chair of Media Informatics Institute Institute University of Passau Graz University of Technology Graz University of Technology Passau, Germany Graz, Austria Graz, Austria Michael.Granitzer@uni- [email protected] [email protected] passau.de Markus Strohmaier Christoph Trattner Knowledge Management Institute for Information Institute and Know-Center Systems and Computer Media Graz University of Technology Graz University of Technology Graz, Austria Graz, Austria [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Keywords Although many social tagging systems share a common tri- Navigation, Folksonomy, Keywords, Tags partite graph structure, the collaborative processes that are generating these structures can di ffer significantly. For ex- 1. INTRODUCTION ample, while resources on Delicious are usually tagged by all In social tagging systems, users organize information us- users who bookmark the web page cnn.com , photos on Flickr ing so-called tags – a set of freely chosen words or concepts are usually tagged just by a single user who uploads the – to annotate various resources such as web pages on Deli- photo. In the literature, this distinction has been described cious, photos on Flickr, or scientific articles on BibSonomy. as a distinction between broad vs. narrow folksonomies . In addition to using tagging systems for personal organiza- This paper sets out to explore navigational di fferences be- tion of information, users can also socially share their an- tween broad and narrow folksonomies in social hypertextual notations with each other. The information structure that systems. We study both kinds of folksonomies on a dataset emerges through such processes has been typically described provided by Mendeley - a collaborative platform where users 1 as “folksonomies ” ( fol k-generated ta xonomies ). -
Stéphanie Paul
Stéphanie Paul Introduction ___________________________________________________________________ 3 1. Overall aims and methodology ___________________________________________________ 3 2. Researchers as an audience of MADDLAIN institutions _________________________________ 4 2.1. The CegeSoma ________________________________________________________________ 4 2.2. The State Archives _____________________________________________________________ 5 2.3. The Royal Library ______________________________________________________________ 5 2.4. Summary ____________________________________________________________________ 6 State of the Art ________________________________________________________________ 7 1. An evolving scientific landscape ___________________________________________________ 7 1.1. National and international initiatives on e-research ___________________________________ 7 1.2. The challenge of open science __________________________________________________ 10 2. Research infrastructures in the Humanities _________________________________________ 10 3. Virtual research environments: a working definition _________________________________ 12 4. Main challenges ______________________________________________________________ 14 5. Classification and examples _____________________________________________________ 14 6. Tools and platforms developed by MADDLAIN institutions _____________________________ 15 User requirements survey _______________________________________________________ 17 1. Conducting a qualitative survey: aims and methodology -
November 2020 Slides
Please take a minute to answer a few questions before we begin. https://bit.ly/3fdqpGX Thanks ! Sarah Potvin | DigitalZotero! Scholarship Librarian Carolyn Jackson | Agricultural and Life Sciences Librarian LINKS + other items of note https://bit.ly/TAMUNovemberZotero http://tamu.libguides.com/zotero Note: this session is being recorded. http://tamu.libguides.com/zotero Reminder G.R.A.D. Aggies please sign in online! https://bit.ly/3kSr1CS OR Look for a link in the chat Agenda for today’s workshop 1. Introduction to Zotero 2. Collect 3. Organize 4. Cite 5. Share 6. Advanced Usage Zotero in a Pandemic Chicago or APA? http://tamu.libguides.com/zotero Why do you need a tool to store your references? http://tamu.libguides.com/zotero What is Zotero? • Tool for collecting, organizing, citing, and sharing sources – Stores records about sources (a book’s title, author, publisher, etc.) – For some electronic sources, Zotero will also save a copy of the item itself (PDF), or a snapshot if set as preference • Free [currently: up to 300MB free in Zotero Storage, tiered payment beyond that; unlimited number of files to local Zotero library] • Open-source • Part of a “collaborative research infrastructure” • Developed at the Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media, George Mason University http://tamu.libguides.com/zotero What is Zotero? • A standalone desktop application and web-based tool, for Mac, Windows, or Linux • Works with a series of browser connectors for Chrome, Safari, Firefox, and Edge to gather materials on the web • Works with plugins for OpenOffice, GoogleDocs, and Microsoft Word to manage citations in word processors • Zotero can also be run as a browser bookmarklet. -
Open Brunsondiss.Pdf
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Liberal Arts PRAGMATISM AND THE PAST: CHARLES PEIRCE AND THE CONDUCT OF MEMORY AND HISTORY A Dissertation in Philosophy by Daniel J. Brunson © 2010 Daniel J. Brunson Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2010 The dissertation of Daniel J. Brunson was reviewed and approved* by the following: Vincent M. Colapietro Liberal Arts Research Professor of Philosophy Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Brady Bowman Assistant Professor of Philosophy Christopher Long Associate Professor of Philosophy Associate Dean for Undergraduate Studies, College of Liberal Arts Jennifer Mensch Assistant Professor of Philosophy and Science, Technology, and Society William Pencak Professor of American History Nancy A. Tuana DuPont/Class of 1949 Professor of Philosophy Director, Rock Ethics Institute Director of Philosophy Graduate Studies *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School ii Abstract My dissertation is entitled Pragmatism and the Past: CS Peirce on the Conduct of Memory and History. I start from the longstanding criticism that pragmatism unduly neglects the past in favor of the future. As a response, I interpret Peirce‘s pragmatism and its associated doctrines in light of his accounts of memory, history, and testimony. In particular, I follow Peirce‘s own example of a deep engagement with the history of philosophy and related fields. For example, Peirce‘s account of memory is linked to the development of a notion of the unconscious, which brings in both his work as an experimental psychologist and his interaction with figures such as Helmholtz, Wundt and James. -
A World Beside Itself : Jakob Von Uexküll, Charles S. Peirce, and the Genesis of a Biosemiotic Hypothesis
ORBIT-OnlineRepository ofBirkbeckInstitutionalTheses Enabling Open Access to Birkbeck’s Research Degree output A world beside itself : Jakob von Uexküll, Charles S. Peirce, and the genesis of a biosemiotic hypothesis https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/40338/ Version: Full Version Citation: Clements, Matthew (2018) A world beside itself : Jakob von Uexküll, Charles S. Peirce, and the genesis of a biosemiotic hypothesis. [Thesis] (Unpublished) c 2020 The Author(s) All material available through ORBIT is protected by intellectual property law, including copy- right law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. Deposit Guide Contact: email A World Beside Itself Jakob von Uexküll, Charles S. Peirce, and the Genesis of a Biosemiotic Hypothesis Matthew Clements MPhil Humanities and Cultural Studies 1 2 DECLARATION BY CANDIDATE I hereby declare that this thesis is my own work and effort. Where other sources of information have been used, they have been acknowledged. Signature: ………………………………………. Date: …21/4/2018…………………………………………. 3 Abstract This thesis explores the conceptual origins of a biosemiotic understanding of the human as a consequence of the vital role of signs in the evolution of life. According to this challenge to definitions of man as the sole bearer of knowledge, human society and culture are not only characterised by the use and production of signs, human life and thought are the products of ongoing processes of semiosis. Along with Thomas Sebeok’s argument concerning animal architecture, examples from Modernist -
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Exact tensor network ansatz for strongly interacting systems Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8xh9n43q Author Zaletel, Michael P. Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Exact tensor network ansatz for strongly interacting systems by Michael P Zaletel A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Joel E. Moore, Chair Professor Ashvin Vishwanath Professor Maciej Zworski Fall 2014 Exact tensor network ansatz for strongly interacting systems Copyright 2014 by Michael P Zaletel 1 Abstract Exact tensor network ansatz for strongly interacting systems by Michael P Zaletel Doctor of Philosophy in Physics University of California, Berkeley Professor Joel E. Moore, Chair It appears that the tensor network ansatz, while not quite complete, is an efficient coordinate system for the tiny subset of a many-body Hilbert space which can be real- ized as a low energy state of a local Hamiltonian. However, we don't fully understand precisely which phases are captured by the tensor network ansatz, how to compute their physical observables (even numerically), or how to compute a tensor network representation for a ground state given a microscopic Hamiltonian. These questions are algorithmic in nature, but their resolution is intimately related to understanding the nature of quantum entanglement in many-body systems. For this reason it is useful to compute the tensor network representation of vari- ous `model' wavefunctions representative of different phases of matter; this allows us to understand how the entanglement properties of each phase are expressed in the tensor network ansatz, and can serve as test cases for algorithm development.