AJA ONLINE PUBLICATIONS: MUSEUM REVIEW

SCIENCE, ART, AND NATURE: ANCIENT IN ALL THEIR VARIETY

BY ANNALISA MARZANO*

IL GIARDINO ANTICO DA BABILONIA A ROMA: SCI- , from the National Museum in ENZA, ARTE E NATURA, LIMONAIA DEL GIARDINO , and from the Capitoline Museum in DI BOBOLI, FLORENCE, 8 MAY–28 OCTOBER . But there are also pieces from many 2007, curated by Annamaria Ciarallo, other collections, including the Uffi zi Gallery Ernesto De Carolis, Giovanni di Pasquale, (Florence), the Vatican Museums (Vatican and Fabrizio Paolucci. City), the British Museum (London), the Badisches Landesmuseum (Karlsruhe), and the Vorderasiatisches Museum (Berlin). The IL GIARDINO ANTICO DA BABILONIA A ROMA: SCI- central goal of the exhibition is twofold. On ENZA, ARTE E NATURA, edited by Giovanni one hand, it aims at illustrating the typologi- di Pasquale and Fabrizio Paolucci. Pp. 352, cal evolution of gardens from Babylonian to color fi gs. 350. Sillabe, Leghorn 2007. €35. Imperial Roman times. On the other hand, ISBN 978-88-8347-385-2 (paper). as indicated by its subtitle (Science, Art, and Nature), it also seeks to illuminate the various types and functions of gardens in the ancient The exhibition, Ancient Gardens from Babylon world. Some examples are the royal parks to Rome, mounted at the Boboli Gardens of the of Mesopotamia, which included various Palazzo Pitti in Florence, consists of two parts. to symbolize the vast region ruled by The fi rst is set in the Limonaia, a covered rect- the king; pleasure gardens; gardens that were angular space designed by Zanobi del Rosso places of study and science, which pioneered and built ca. 1778 as winter housing for the in and irrigation techniques; gardens Boboli Gardens’ many lemon trees, which are that were settings for philosophical educa- planted in vases (fi g. 1). After the great fl ood tion and cultured discussion; sacred gardens that hit Florence on 4 November 1966, the Li- associated with temples and sanctuaries; and monaia was used as an emergency storeroom the vegetable gardens and of Roman for many waterlogged paintings on wooden townhouses. panels that were awaiting conservation. Since This may seem like an ambitious program the building’s restoration in 2005, it has been for a relatively small exhibition, but its intel- employed for temporary exhibitions during ligent selection of signifi cant examples, combi- the summer months, when the lemon trees nation of objects, wall texts, and computer and are moved outside. The second part of the technological displays works well in economi- exhibition, which is outdoors, is the full-scale cally sketching important aspects of gardens Online Museum Review reconstruction of peristyle gardens from two in antiquity for the visitor with no specialist Pompeiian houses: the House of the Vettii and knowledge. Those visitors with whom I spoke the House of the Painters at Work (fi g. 2). offered positive feedback about the installation The part of the exhibition set in the Li- and the curatorial choices. While the special- monaia features 150 ancient artifacts drawn ist may be disappointed upon discovering mostly from excavations at and that the topics are not treated in much depth

Issue 112.2 (April 2008) Journal of Archaeology American of America Institute the Archaeological © 2008 by Copyright * This review is dedicated to the memory of Wilhelmina Jashemski. 2 American Journal of Archaeology Online Museum Review on ancientgardens. there couldhardly beabettersettingforshow family, experience; richlyenhancesthevisitor’s by RomanstatuarycollectedtheMedici by theBoboliGardens, whichare embellished exhibit proper andthecontextualizationoffered of classicalgardens. Thedialecticbetweenthe Boboli Gardens, aRenaissanceinterpretation is enhancedbytheexceptionalsettingof the peristylessurrounding thegardens. masks. Theywere hungbetweenthecolumnsof each sideorfashionedintheshape oftheatrical 3.B.30, 3.B.31). 55404 (diPasqualeandPaolucci 2007, 284–85,nos. in Herculaneum. naean Hydrafrom thepoolof thepalaestra the bronze fountaininthe shapeoftheLer- have belongedtoPoppea,wifeofNero; and in theluxuriousvillaatOplontis,whichmay a selectionofthemarblestatuesuncovered oscilla all visitors.Notablepiecesincludethemarble make thisexhibitionarewarding experiencefor Herculaneum, which are notusuallyondisplay, rooms oftheSuperintendency Pompeiiand reconstructions andtheobjectsfrom thestore- catalogue. Theexcellentmodernmodelsand in theexhibition,onecanalwaysturnto 1 Superintendency ofPompeii,inv. nos.55403, Fig. 1. The Limonaia, BoboliGardens, Florence Istituto eMuseodiStoria (courtesy dellaScienza, Florence, 65736). from theHouseofGolden Lovers; Oscilla 2 Moreover, the experience are marblediscscarvedon 1

known tohavebeencreated bymen.Here, the ence toEgypt,thelocationoffi itinerarybeginswithabriefrefer- The visitor’s gardens oftheVesuvian region (theperiphery). parks ofRome,the section, focusesonthesuburbangardens and From CentertoPeriphery.” Thislast,thelargest and Philosophers,”(3)“TheRomanWorld: (2) “TheGreek World: TheGardens oftheGods tions: (1)“Mesopotamia:TheBirthofGardens,” completely enjoyable. when Isawtheshow, andtheexperience was narrations. However, there were fewvisitors and computerscreens ortoheartheir audio is crowded, toviewtheobjects, wallpanels, it particularlydiffi and thisimposesspaceconstraintsthatmake guide thevisitorthrough anellipticalitinerary, row spaceoftheLimonaiaisdivided inhalfto material. However, thelongandrelatively nar- printed information,objects,andaudiovisual ]). fountain]; 258–69,nos.3.B.2–3.B.14 [statuesfrom quale andPaolucci2007,255–56, no.3.B.1[bronze 72818, 73299,73300,73302,73303, 79242(diPas- 70056, 70068,70070,70071,72742, 72798,72800, 2 The indoorportionisdividedintothree sec- This exhibitionoffers agoodbalanceof Superintendency ofPompeii,inv. nos.70055, cult, whentheexhibition horti (thecenter),andthe rst gardens 3 American Journal of Archaeology Online Museum Review thought to have been built by Nebuchadnezzar thought tohavebeenbuiltbyNebuchadnezzar wonders oftheancientworld.Thegardens, Hanging Gardens ofBabylon,onetheseven illustrating possibledevicesusedtoirrigatethe to dispenseseeds,aswellaworkingmodel tion ofaSumerianplowwithanattachment A specialtreat inthissectionisthereconstruc- of religious beliefsandvegetationwater. show theimportanceinMesopotamiansociety Louvre, probably ofthe22ndcenturyB.C.E. trees (e.g.,aschistvase fragment from the ritual wateringofpottedplantsandsacred Various objects ondisplaythatdepictthe ing theman-madeenvironment ofgardens. of nature—was thefi the display. —the “domestication” say developsindetailthepointsreferred toby gardens, andthecorresponding cataloguees- Sumerian and Assyrian civilizationsrelated to small, highlightswelltheessentialaspectsof evoke theEgyptianworld. inapondandbyprojected imagesthat wall textiscomplementedbyareal papyrus Pasquale andPaolucci2007,188, no.1.1). in Pompeii (F. Principe andS. Bernacchini; Istituto eMuseodiStoria courtesy dellaScienza, Florence, 65704). Fig. 2. Modernreconstruction ofthefi 5 4 3 The section on Mesopotamia, though rather The sectiononMesopotamia,thoughrather Dalley andOleson2003. Di PasqualeandPaolucci2007,199. Paris, MuséeduLouvre, inv. no. AO 4673(di rst steptoward achiev- rst-century C.E.rst-century from Romanperistyle theHouseofPainters at Work 3 ) (705/704–681 B.C.E.). use inMesopotamiabythetimeofSennacherib classical sources butappearstohavebeen in and applicationisattributedto Archimedes in called Archimedean screw, whoseinvention lifting devices:thewaterwheelandso- mentioned inthecatalogue. The vaselooks Athenian; however, itsfabricisnot B39 (diPasqualeandPaolucci2007, 207,no.2.A.6). were placedontheroofs ofhouses).Thissec- and theritualplantingofseedsinpotsthat which alludestothe Athenian feastof Adonis B.C.E. texts from thethird andsecondmillennia gardens inBabylon isattestedincuneiform well havebeenreal, astheexistenceofroyal II (604–562B.C.E.)attheSouthernPalace,may from theBadischesLandesmuseum[fi fourth-century B.C.E.red-fi connected totheworldofgardens (e.g.,the ing aselectionofGreek vaseswithscenes companied byvoice-overnarrationaugment- data orliterarytexts),appearonascreen ac- plants (knowneitherthrough archaeological Images ofGreek sanctuariesandassociated the “Gardens oftheGods” isalsocompelling. 6 The sectiondevotedtotheGreek worldand Karlsruhe, Badisches Landesmuseum, inv. no. 4 Theirrigationmodelshowstwowater- 5 gure squatlekythos g. 3], g. 6

4 American Journal of Archaeology Online Museum Review Paolucci 2007,208–13,nos.2.A.8–2.A.12). 58729, 60832,60856,60880,60893 (diPasqualeand nos. 57285,57287,57329–32,57342,57351,57352, Locri EpizephiriinMagnaGraecia. pinakes from theSanctuaryof Persphone at tion alsofeatures fi no. BadischesLandesmuseum). B39(courtesy worship ofAdonis. Karlsruhe, BadischesLandesmuseum, inv. placement ofpotted plantsonaroof inassociationwiththe who isonaladder. This scene probably alludesto the Eros handingapotted plantto14 cm)depicting Aphrodite, Fig. 3. Athenian red-fi inv. no.K523)iscorrectly identifi 2.A.3), thesceneonthisvase(Musée duLouvre, in ’s in Homer’s discussion ofthemythicalgardens of Alcinoos of Odysseusat Alcinoos’ courtintroduces a B.C.E. from theLouvre thatdepictsthearrival Campanian red-fi example, inthesectiononGreek gardens, a artifacts andtheircontextsare omitted.For necessary fortheproper comprehension of on thisvaseisactuallyaparody referring tothe and symbolizeblissfulabundance.Thescene , embodytheidealGreek garden many kindsoffruit trees suchasfi planted withherbs,vegetables,vines,and 9 8 7 However, inafewinstances,explanations Superintendency ofPompeii,inv. no.87265. In di Pasquale and Paolucci (2007, 205, no. In diPasqualeandPaolucci(2007, 205,no. Museo NazionalediReggioCalabria,inv. Odyssey gure squat lekythos (ca.gure squatlekythos 390B.C.E., ht. gure calyxkraterofca.380 ve fragmentaryterracotta (7.112–32). Thesegardens, ed. g, ,and 7 phallus wouldbepuzzlingtosaytheleast. male fi gardens, thepresence inRomangardens ofthis sodomization thosewhorepeatedly stolefrom thieves, andhethreatened topunishwith custodian ofgardens andtheirfruits against bolically embodyingfertility, thisgodwasthe If onedoesnotknowthat,inadditiontosym- is andwhyhisstatueswere placedingardens. accompanied byanexplanationofwhoPriapus the garden oftheHouseVettii shouldbe fi section onRomangardens, where thefamous other instanceofmissinginformationisinthe fragmentary group originallymusthavein- no. 14142. 2007, 293,no.3.B.40. This isnotexplainedindiPasqualeandPaolucci singing fountain(fi from Pompeii,maybeassociatedwith sucha branch onwhichbirds are perched, onloan thus reproducing abird’s twittering. A bronze body andthrough awhistleplacedinits mouth, branch; theairisthenforced intothebird’s pipe thatisconnectedtoabronze bird ona upper basintoalowerone,forcing airintoa It operatesbythemovementofwaterfrom an 1.15, 2.4),asingingfountain,wasreconstructed. famous devicesdescribedbyHeron ( Arabic translations. Montemartini (Rome)deservesmention. deer from theCapitolineMuseum–Centrale in thissection,themarblestatueofawounded even used. Among thesculptures ondisplay into thegenerallayoutorhow is notclearhowtheirimpressive statuaryfi benefi applied. ciples ofair, water, andsteampressure were described variousmachinesinwhichtheprin- tise onpneumaticsofthefi mentioned byHeron of inhistrea- the workingmodelofone (di PasqualeandPaolucci2007,233, no.3.A.4). luxurious residences (fi covered inthesegardens, whichalsocontained features aselectionofthe marblestatuesdis- not explainedintheaccompanyinglabel. fi comic stage,asthesettingandclothingof rst-century C.E.marblestatueofPriapusfrom gures clearlyindicate,thoughthisaspectis 12 11 10 A highlightamongthereconstructions is The sectionontheelaborate Rome, CentraleMontemartini,inv. no.MC923 Heron’s treatise ispreserved inninth-century Pompeii, Superintendencyof inv. t from additionalexplanationhere. It gure withadisproportionately large 10 Forthisexhibition,oneofthemost g. 4). g.5).The 11 rst centuryC.E.He horti horti horti pneumata ofRome would Pneum. 12 were 8 This This An- 9 ts

5 American Journal of Archaeology Online Museum Review 3.B.36, 3.B.37). ex 705(diPasqualeandPaolucci 2007,291,nos. in fragments,andhadtoundergo longanddif- len puttiwere recovered in1980, unfortunately subsequent replacement withcopies.Thesto- removal oftheotheroriginalpiecesandtheir context butwere stolenin1978,causingthe this garden, were displayedintheiroriginal These statues,togetherwithothersfoundin Vettii—have beenreturned topublicview. to fountainsinthegarden oftheHouse of whichholdsaduckandgrapesbelongs two bronze puttiofthefi from Pompeii,itisrewarding toseethatthe is considered tobeaHellenistic original. stylistic characteristicsandquality, thisstatue rendition ofanatomicaldetails. Becauseofits is exquisite,andtheartistfi this piece,discovered in1873ontheEsquiline, the preserved sandaledfoot. Theexecutionof cluded thegoddess Artemis, asisindicatedby Pompeii). of Pompeii, inv. no. of Superintendency 14142(courtesy the HouseofM. Fabius Rufus. Pompeii, Superintendency Heron’s “singing fountain” (fi Fig. 4. Romanbronze branch withbirds, possiblyimitating 14 13 In thesectionontownhousesandgardens Superintendency ofPompeii,inv. nos.40690– Superintendency ofPompeii,inv. nos.ex704, rst century C.E., rstcentury ht. 25.1cm), from rst century C.E.—each rst centuryC.E.—each nely mastered the 13

co/indice.html. 3.B.72; 326–27,nos.3.B.86,3.B.87). 94, 87280(diPasqualeandPaolucci 2007,314,no. (Insula VI.17.42). the HouseofGoldenBraceletinPompeii the beautifulJulio-Claudianpaintingsfrom an exampleofthefrescoes depictinggardens, fi typical plantingpots,the area alsofeatures someagriculturaltoolsand dimensional modelingofthesefeatures. exhibition’s Web siteprovide animatedthree- low pool,or features ofthegarden, includingthelong,shal- strated thefunctioningofcomplexwater of order whenIvisited.It would havedemon- as theHouseofLoreius Tiburtinus]) wasout Quartio inPompeii(InsulaII.2.2.[alsoknown detailed modeloftheHouseD.Octavius with fountainsandponds.Unfortunately, a irrigation ofgardens andtheirbeautifi a house’swatersupplyandthusenabledthe force pumps,orhydraulicvalves,guaranteed such asleadandceramicwaterpipes,partsof dens toberealized. ObjectsfoundinPompeii, underlying technologythatenabledsuchgar- mented inthissectionbyobjectsattestingtothe struction ofthesingingfountain,iscomple- ancient technology, asinthecaseofrecon- and PlinytheElder( in PompeiianddescribedbyCato( views offered bythesymmetricalfl around thisgarden toappreciate thevarious the excavation.Visitors canwalkintheportico marble basinswere discovered insituduring fountains withwaterjetsdirected intoeight tion oftheperistyle;from anoriginal12,nine number ofmarblesplacedintheintercolumnia- House oftheVettii isdecoratedwithanotable various workingfountains.Thegarden ofthe of theHouseVettii, bringwatertothe the leadpipes,which,inreconstruction ing ofthesurrounding porticototheplants and to re-creating theentire setting,from thefl an ancientgarden. Detailedattentionwaspaid Limonaia andtoexperiencetheatmosphere of the objectsthatare displayedindoors inthe comprehend theoriginalsetting forsomeof is awonderfulfi fi of full-scaleoutdoorreconstructions oftwo cult restorations. Thissectionalsodisplays,as rst-century C.E.Pompeianperistylegardens, 15 The emphasisgivenintheinstallationto The second part of the exhibition, consisting The secondpartoftheexhibition,consisting http://brunelleschi.imss.fi euripus 14 nale. Itenablesvisitorsto . However, videosonthe HN 12.16,17.64). ollae pertusae .it/giardinoanti- Agr ower beds . 52.133) . 52.133) , found cation 15 oor- The 6 American Journal of Archaeology Online Museum Review and research thatIhope itremains available els. three-dimensional computer-generated mod- the artifacts,videosofPompeianhouses,and tour oftheshowandcontainsphotographs fully designedWeb sitethatincludesavirtual scent, sound,andtouch.Secondisabeauti- ence thebeautyofancientgardens through Ciechi allowthevisuallyimpaired toexperi- with theFlorentine sectionofUnioneItaliana guided tactilevisitsorganized incooperation tiatives thataccompanythisexhibition.First, cooking topharmacology. but hadvariouspracticalusesindailylife,from in thisgarden were notexclusivelyornamental juniper bushes,andvines.Mostoftheplants were usedtomakeritualgarlands), rose and coronaria vegetal remains. Theseplantsinclude plants through theanalysisofpollenand other Thus, itwaspossibletoidentifytheoriginal cently withmodernarchaeological techniques. presentation ofagarden thatwasexcavatedre- the secondreconstruction (seefi the HouseofPaintersatWork, selected for Vettii, whichwasinvestigatedinthelate1800s, and piecesofstatuary. UnliketheHouseof Fig. 5. oftheexhibitionon ofthesection View Florence, 65764). 16 There are twoparticularlypraiseworthyini- 16 Supra n.15. Itissuchausefulresource forteaching and Cerastium (thefl owersofwhich g. 2), allows the g. 2),allowsthe Lychnis horti of Rome (courtesy Istituto eMuseodiStoria ofRome(courtesy dellaScienza, volume are authorsactiveinthestudyofan- is nosurprisethatvariouscontributors tothis chitecture, sculpturaldecoration,andfl particular aspectsofgardens, suchastheirar- recent studiesdevotedtoRomangardens and tion constitutesacomprehensive synthesisof than ontheotherepochs.Sinceexhibi- in thecatalogueforessaysonRomanthemes period isemphasized,more spaceisreserved in thecaseofexhibition,where theRoman illustrations, anditiselegantlyproduced. As on display. Thispublicationhasbeautifulcolor entries andbibliographicreferences forobjects and alsoaproper cataloguewithindividual luminating thetopicspresented intheshow contains contributionsbyvariousauthorsil- Pliny’s tista Aleotti andthe1534Italiantranslationof work ofHeron of Alexandria byGiovanniBat- such asthe1589editionandtranslationof productions ofhistoricbooks initscollection, library onthisWeb site. Itincludesdigitalre- consultation ordownloadthrough avirtual made importantworksavailableforonline Museo diStoriadellaScienzainFlorence has in conjunctionwiththisshow, theIstitutoe online. Ofgreat interest tothescholaristhat, The volumeaccompanyingthisexhibition Natural History . ora, it ora, 7 American Journal of Archaeology Online Museum Review vius Herculaneum andtheVillas Destroyed byVesu- Rome), miani heldin1996atPalazzodeiConservatori, Rome, oneontheexhibitionHortiLa- in theVigna BarberinibytheFrench Schoolat dens (e.g.,oneontheresults oftheexcavations shows havefocusedonindividualtypesofgar- earlier showandtheoneheldin Florence. fore cannotjudgetherelationship betweenthis Vittorio EmanueleIIIinNaples1992 andthere- held atPompeiiandintheBiblioteca Nazionale archeologica diPompeii1992)from anexhibition could notconsultthecatalogue (Soprintendenza cient gardens, in theexhibitionwithregard totheresults of and engineeringinterventionscanbefound Sinuessa. at BagniSulfurei, intheterritory ofancient infi adopted tosolvetheproblem ofsaltwater irrigation systemorthetechnologicalsolutions the Great Temple atPetrawithitssophisticated man gardens ofthegarden poolcomplexand decorative gardens inantiquity, suchastheRo- labor andcapitalinvestment,putintocreating have revealed theeffort, andconsequentlythe tive patternsandspecies,theseinvestigations suvian area. Inadditiontoidentifying decora- the exceptionallypreserved contextof theVe- able togatherinformationongardens outside root casts.Inrecent years,archaeology hasbeen methodology, pollenanalysis,andthestudyof the Vesuvian area incorporatingstratigraphic is indebtedtoJashemski’sinvestigationin knowledge ofRomangardens andtheirplants about gardens inantiquity, butourscientifi tations isstillthestartingpointforlearning gardens intheirvariousaspectsandmanifes- 1944, Grimal’s treatment ofgardens inantiquity. Boboli Gardens offers amore comprehensive Romano, Terme diDiocleziano,inRome. logue ofanexhibitionheldattheMuseoNazionale ed versionofTomei (2001),whichisinthecata- gardens ofthePalatineisa reworked andexpand- mei (diPasqualeandPaolucci2007,102–9)onthe to previous garden exhibitions. gardens. roll (2003)forbibliography ontheexcavationsof ences inheressay;Ciarallo2004,2006.SeeCar- 19 18 17 ltration inthegarden ofamaritimevilla The seminalstudiesonthistopicremain . E.g., anessay(“Igiardini delPalatino”)byTo- E.g., Carroll (2003),whoemploysfewrefer- Cima andLaRocca1986;Villedieu 2001.I 21 20 Grimal’sinsightfultreatment ofRoman andJashemski’s 19 theinstallationinLimonaiaof Les JardinsRomains 22 References tonotableearthworks 17 and that some have contributed andthatsomehavecontributed The GardensofPompeii, , fi rst publishedin 18 Whileearlier c 2007. 2007, 98–101);forthefullreport, seePiranomonte Nuovi ritrovamenti” (di PasqualeandPaolucci makes ausefulcontribution. oil lamps? the shafts,whichhadcutstepsandnichesfor of thelowertunnel,evidentlyaccessedthrough the vesselsleftwhole?Whatwasfunction to formapipelinecollectingrainwater, orwere Were thebottomsofamphorascutinorder say. Importantquestionsremain unanswered. drainage function,are notexplainedinthees- operation ofthisinstallation,asidefrom its than theamphoras;however, theexactuseand led toahorizontaltunnelatanelevationlower were locatednexttotwoshaftsorwellsthat mano” (diPasqualeandPaolucci 2007,110–17). e regime giuridicoinalcunefontidelDirittoRo- tion, by Piranomonte,thedirector oftheinvestiga- catalogue features anoverviewoftheseresults part oftheGardens ofSallust.Theexhibition very recent archaeological investigationsin al. 2006. cally, seeKlynneandLiljenstolpe2000;Frischeret other gardens recently investigatedarchaeologi- gni Sulfurei: Gasperetti andCrimaco1993.For to servedrainagepurposes. top oftheothertoformtwocolumns7mhigh 2/4 amphorasthatwere foundburiedoneon evoked thepresence ofgreen areas andplants exhibition withoutproperly explainingthatit the 1930sbyItaloGismondi,isincludedin versale Roma(EUR),whichwasrealized in of RomanCivilizationintheEsposizioneUni- model ofaninsulaatOstiafrom theMuseum cus onlarger, more monumentalexamples. A literary andarchaeological studiestend tofo- the picture ofancientgardens becauseboth may be—seemstobeanewcontribution the contextofinsula,howeversmallthese law andtheattentionitgivestogardens in approach—from thepointofviewRoman cases discussedinRomanlegalsources. This ent inurbancontextsbyanalyzingdifferent and evenvasesonbalconiesthatwere pres- of theterraceandroof gardens, courtyards, 3.A.21). 91, 519394(diPasqualeandPaolucci 2007,253,no. 25 24 23 22 21 20 The essaybyLiberati,thoughrathershort, Jashemski 1979–1993. Grimal 1984. “Verde privatoaRomaantica:Testimonianze Petra: Bedal2001;Macaulay-Lewis2006.Ba- Superintendency ofRome,inv. nos.519389– “Il giardino romano degli 23 andtheshowdisplaysfourofDressel 24 25 These “columns” These“columns” It gives a glimpse Itgivesaglimpse Horti Sallustiani : 8 American Journal of Archaeology Online Museum Review 247, no.3.A.13). no. M.C.R.2126(diPasqualeand Paolucci2007, 71). Alessandria” (diPasqualeandPaolucci 2007,58– in thecontextofmultistorydwellings. [email protected] UNITED KINGDOM OXFORD OX12PG 36 BEAUMONTSTREET INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY have developedinrecent years. of signifi logue, presents ausefuland inspiringoverview the BoboliGardens, which,alongwith itscata- the generalmeritofexhibitioninstalledin comings andomissionsdonotsubtractfrom ideological andtechnicalaspects.Minorshort- emergence anddevelopment,as wellastheir a waythatallowsthevisitortofollowtheir in theMesopotamianandclassicalworlds parks. JustasPliny( ideological dimensionsofroyal andimperial the practicalaspectsofvegetablegardens tothe characteristics ofancientgardens, moving from end ofeachessay. caused byanindividualbibliographyatthe of thevolumeprevents theuselessrepetitions man world. A generalbibliography attheend of eliteself-representation throughout theRo- garden installationstobecomeanexpression the useofsophisticateddevicesingardens or outside theworldofMuseionthatenabled scientifi veils theconnectionbetweenadvancementsin of medicineandbiology. DiPasqualealsoun- of pneumaticsandinvestigationsinthefi between ancientexperimentsontheprinciples seion in Alexandria thatreveals theassociation discusses theresearch carriedoutattheMu- istocracy, of Alcinoos, andthegardens oftheRomanar- garden Hanging Gardens ofBabylon,Homer’s is anotherwelcomecontribution. Heron’s fountain)intotheiroriginalcontext, nological devicespresented intheshow(e.g., complexes ismadeintheexhibition. in Ostiaiswarranted,butnomentionofthese a presentation oftheso-calledGarden Houses 28 27 26 The exhibitionsuccessfullypresents various Di Pasquale’sessay, whichputsthetech- Rome (EUR),MuseodellaCiviltàRomana,inv. Two relevant itemsare glaringlyomittedfrom “Un’enciclopedia delle tecniche del Museo di “Un’enciclopedia delletecniche del Museodi c knowledgeandtheirdissemination cant aspectsofgarden studiesthat 29 thisshowpresents ancientgardens 28 HN 19.49–51) connected the 19.49–51)connectedthe 27 Thisessay 26 Here, elds Frischer, B.,J.Crawford, andM.deSimone.2006. Farrar, F. 1998. Dalley, L.S.M.,andJ.P. Oleson.2003.“Sennacherib, Cima, M.,andE.LaRocca,eds.1986. ———. 2006. Villedieu, F. ed.2001. Tomei, M.A.2001.“Igiardini antichidelPalatino.”In Soprintendenza Archeologica diPompeii.1992. Piranomonte, M.,ed.2007. Macaulay-Lewis, E.2006.“PlantingPotsatPetra: A Klynne, A., andP. Liljenstolpe. 2000.“Investigating Jashemski, W. 1979–1993. Hartswick, K.J.2004. Ciarallo, A. 2004. Ciarallo, A. Carroll, M.2003. Bedal, L.-A.2001.“A PoolComplexinPetra’sCity ics itcovers. in thestructure ofitsitineraryandtheorder oftop- thattheexhibitionseemstofollow of Sallustasawhole,andFarrar (1998),abookon the fi the catalogue’sbibliography:Hartswick(2004), Grimal, P. 1984. Gasperetti, G.,andL.Crimaco.1993.“Viabilità eville 29 “’s Villa” Project 1997–2003 Sutton. and Culture of Inventionsinthe Ancient World.” Archimedes andtheWater Screw: TheContext Lamiani dimore deglidei:Laresidenza imperialedegliHorti iana Bretschneider. Rome: Quasar. zi antichiallaVigna BarberinisulMontePalatino 24–32. Rome:Quasar. Barberini sulMontePalatino Il GiardinodeiCesari:DaiPalazziantichiallaVigna mus, Viridaria, HortiPicti al Villino Fassi. Levant Garden PoolComplexandatthe‘Great Temple.’” Preliminary Studyof 33. the Gardens oftheVilla ofLivia.” 2 vols.NewRochelle,N.Y.: Caratzas. Herculaneum andtheVillas Destroyed byVesuvius ing Landscape. Fayard. seum Press. in HistoryandArchaeology Center.” Archeologia maritime nelterritoriodiSinuessa.” Oxford: Archaeopress. rst monograph thatreconstructs theGardens Di PasqualeandPaolucci2007,18. . Rome:L’Erma diBretschneider. 38:159–70. . Venice: Marsilio. BASOR Elementivegetalinell’iconografi 44(1):1–26. 22:29–33. Les JardinsRomains Ancient RomanGardens Works Cited Austin: UniversityofTexas Press. Flora Pompeiana Earthly :AncientGardens Rome:DeLuca. 324:23–41. The GardensofSallust:A Chang- Il GiardinodeiCesari:DaiPalaz- ollae perforatae Un paradisoritrovato: Scavi The GardensofPompeii, . Naples:Bibliopolis. . London:BritishMu- , editedbyF. Villedieu, . Rome:L’Erma di . 3rd ed.Paris: . BAR-IS JRA Le tranquille at thePetra Bollettino di Technology . Stroud: a pompe- 13:221– 1588. Do- The The . .