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Mawlana Abdul-Sattar B. Qasim of Lahor
index 379 INDEX Aaron 146, 147, 216 Antwerp 112 %Abbas I, Shah 40 Anusharwan, Khusraw I 30 %Abd al-Samad 59, 133 Anvār-i Suhaylī (Lights of Canopus) 82, 131 %Abd al-Sattar b. Qasim Lahawri (Mawlana %Abdul-Sattar b. Apocryphal gospels 1, 2, 20, 27, 29, 31, 76, 78, 124, 141, 144, Qasim of Lahore) 12, 240 149, 150, 228, 239: Acta Pilati (Acts of Pilate; found as an Abgar dynasty 33 appendix to the Gospel of Nicodemus) 20, 231; Acta Sancti Abgar V 6, 29–31, 33–35, 43, 108, 124–25, 139, 172, 205–6, 228 Maris (Acts of Mari) 30; Arabic Gospel of the Infancy of Abraham 28, 148–49, 151, 154, 161, 184, 200, 203, 208, 210, 232 the Savior 29, 158; Doctrina Addai (Doctrine of Addai) 30; Abu al-Fazl %Allami 39, 40, 48 Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew 29, 76, 131, 141; Libellus de Nati- Acquaviva, S.J., Father Claudio (General of the Order) 7, 15–18, vitate Sanctae Mariae (Book of the Birth of Saint Mary) 29; 41, 43, 46–48, 67. See also General Protoevangelium of St. James 76, 131, 141, 143, 149 Acquaviva, S.J., Father Rudolf 2 Apostasy (of princes) 12 Adam 28, 36, 66, 72, 146, 228, 237 Aqa Riza 68, 133 Addai 30–31, 44, 206. See also Doctrina Addai Aquinas. See Thomas Aquinas, Saint Agiscoa (possibly Khan-i A%zam Mirza %Aziz Koka) 40 Arabia 88, 154 Agra 1, 6, 7, 17–18, 19, 20, 23, 39, 47–48, 55, 59, 67–70, 102, Arabic language 3, 30, 34, 36–37, 137–38, 147, 166, 194, 200; 131–35, 141, 240 script 94 Agresti, Livio 18 Arabs 34, 55, 88, 154, 156, 238 Ahab 110, 171, 185 Arāis al-majālis fī qia al-anbiyā 62 Āīna-i aqq-numā (The Truth-revealing Mirror) 11, 12, 141 Aramaic language 142, 165, 186, 228 Aisha (wife of the Prophet) 139 Arms 214: daggers 88, 102, 118, 133 Akbar: interest in religion ix, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11, 19, 20, 22, 27, 37, 39, Arrivabene, Andrea 37 62, 66–67, 137; interest in prints/paintings 2, 4, 8, 12, 35, 39, Ashuri, Seyyid Lokman 66 Asiatic Society of Bengal 22, 41 49, 51–52, 56, 62, 67, 128, 144; relationship with the Jesuits Augustine, Saint 44, 231–32 1–3, 6, 7, 11–13, 16, 22, 37, 56, 128; correspondence with/ Augustus 32, 150–53, 161. -
Islam in Process—Historical and Civilizational Perspectives Yearbook of the Sociology of Islam Volume 7
Islam in Process—Historical and Civilizational Perspectives Yearbook of the Sociology of Islam Volume 7 2006-12-06 16-23-03 --- Projekt: T491.gli.arnason.yearbook7 / Dokument: FAX ID 00fb133402603594|(S. 1 ) T00_01 Schmutztitel.p 133402603618 Yearbook of the Sociology of Islam Edited by Georg Stauth and Armando Salvatore The Yearbook of the Sociology of Islam investigates the making of Islam into an important component of modern society and cultural globalization. Sociology is, by common consent, the most ambitious advocate of modern society. In other words, it undertakes to develop an understanding of modern existence in terms of breakthroughs from ancient cosmological cultures to ordered and plural civic life based on the gradual subsiding of communal life. Thus, within this undertaking, the sociological project of modernity figures as the cultural machine that dislodges the rationale of social being from local, communal, hierarchic contexts into the logic of individualism and social differentiation. The conventional wisdom of sociology has been challenged by post-modern debate, abolishing this dichotomous evolutionism while embracing a more heterogeneous view of coexistence and exchange between local cultures and modern institutions. Islam, however, is often described as a different cultural machine for the holistic reproduction of pre-modern religion, and Muslims are seen as community-bound social actors embodying a powerful potential for the rejec- tion of and opposition to Western modernity. Sociologists insist on looking for social differentiation and cultural differ- ences. However, their concepts remain evolutionist and inherently tied to the cultural machine of modernity. The Yearbook of the Sociology of Islam takes these antinomies and contradic- tions as a challenge. -
Non-Muslim Integration Into the Early Islamic Caliphate Through the Use of Surrender Agreements
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK History Undergraduate Honors Theses History 5-2020 Non-Muslim Integration Into the Early Islamic Caliphate Through the Use of Surrender Agreements Rachel Hutchings Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/histuht Part of the History of Religion Commons, Islamic World and Near East History Commons, and the Medieval History Commons Citation Hutchings, R. (2020). Non-Muslim Integration Into the Early Islamic Caliphate Through the Use of Surrender Agreements. History Undergraduate Honors Theses Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/histuht/6 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History at ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Non-Muslim Integration Into the Early Islamic Caliphate Through the Use of Surrender Agreements An Honors Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Honors Studies in History By Rachel Hutchings Spring 2020 History J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences The University of Arkansas 1 Acknowledgments: For my family and the University of Arkansas Honors College 2 Table of Content Introduction…………………………………….………………………………...3 Historiography……………………………………….…………………………...6 Surrender Agreements…………………………………….…………….………10 The Evolution of Surrender Agreements………………………………….…….29 Conclusion……………………………………………………….….….…...…..35 Bibliography…………………………………………………………...………..40 3 Introduction Beginning with Muhammad’s forceful consolidation of Arabia in 631 CE, the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates completed a series of conquests that would later become a hallmark of the early Islamic empire. Following the Prophet’s death, the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661) engulfed the Levant in the north, North Africa from Egypt to Tunisia in the west, and the Iranian plateau in the east. -
Journal of Religion & Society
Journal of Religion & Society Volume 9 (2007) The Kripke Center ISSN 1522-5658 Muhammad’s Jewish Wives Rayhana bint Zayd and Safiya bint Huyayy in the Classic Islamic Tradition Ronen Yitzhak, Western Galilee College, Israel Abstract During his life, the Prophet Muhammad (570-632) married 12 different wives among whom were two Jewish women: Rayhana bint Zayd and Safiya bint Huyayy. These two women were widows whose husbands had been killed in wars with Muslims in Arabia. While Rayhana refused to convert to Islam at first and did so only after massive pressure, Safiya converted to Islam immediately after being asked. Rayhana died a few years before Muhammad, but Safiya lived on after his death. Classic Islamic sources claim that the Muslims did not like Rayhana because of her beauty and so made an issue of her Jewish origin, with Muhammad being the only one to treat her well. After Muhammad’s death, Safiya lived among his other wives in Mecca, but did not take part in the political intrigues at the beginning of Islam, in contrast to the other wives, especially the most dominant and favorite wife, Aisha. Introduction [1] According to Islamic tradition, the Prophet Muhammad married 12 different wives and had even more concubines. The custom of taking concubines was widespread in ancient times and therefore also was practiced in Arabia. Concubines were often taken in the context of war booty, and it seems that this is the reason for including in the Qur’an: “(you are forbidden) the married women, but not the concubines you, own” (Q 4:24; al-Qurtubi: 5.106). -
November 2017 Cheshvan/Kislev 5778
NOVEMBER 2017 CHESHVAN/KISLEV 5778 NOVEMBER WORSHIP SCHEDULE Nov. 3 6:00 pm Kabbalat Shabbat Wor ship Nov. 4 10:30 am Shabbat Morning Worship, Bar Mitzvah: Zachary Amerling Nov. 10 5:30 pm Tot Shabbat 2.0 7:30 pm Ruach Shabbat Nov. 11 10:30 am Shabbat Morning Worship, Bar Mitzvah: Kyle Leitner Nov. 17 7:30 pm Kabbalat Shabbat Worship Nov. 24 7:30 pm Kabbalat Shabbat Worship 46 Peaceable Street • Ridgefield, CT 06877 Phone: (203)438-6589 • Fax: (203)438-5488 Email: [email protected] Website: www.OurShirShalom.org Page 2 OUR SHIR SHALOM November 2017 Celebrating Sukkot and Simchat Torah! CONGREGATION SHIR SHALOM of Westchester and Fairfield Counties 46 Peaceable Street Ridgefield, CT 06877 Phone: (203)438-6589 Fax: (203)438-5488 Rabbi Cantor Rabbi Emeritus David L. Reiner MAHL Deborah Katchko-Gray Jon Haddon D.D. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Religious School DIrector Administrator Leslie Gottlieb Laura Morris [email protected] [email protected] Early Childhood Center Director Controller Jane Weil Emmer Lori Stalowicz [email protected] [email protected] Cheshvan/Kislev 5778 OUR SHIR SHALOM Page 3 THE PRESIDENTS’ MESSAGE BOARD OF TRUSTEES by Gale Berman and Hal Wolkin Gale Berman, Co-President ollowing the High Holy Days, Sukkot, and Hal Wolkin, Co-President FSimchat Torah, our congregation has been [email protected] bustling with new activities, recognition, and social action initiatives. We are delighted that Josh Blum, Vice President Lou Haber, Vice President congregants are becoming more engaged and Karen Taylor, Chief Financial Officer hope, if you have not yet done so, you will find Robyn Cohen, Treasurer an opportunity to do so in the near future. -
Tablet of Tribulations
Tablet of Tribulations (Lawḥ-i Baláyá) Version 1.1 10 February 2015 Translated by William McCants Introduction Baha’u’llah rarely compares his sufferings to those of Muhammad, preferring instead to parallel his mistreatment to that of Muhammad’s martyred grandson Husayn. But the comparison with Muhammad is apt if for no other reason than both men lived long lives as self-proclaimed prophets and died peacefully in their beds. One of the few places Baha’u’llah makes the comparison is in the “Tablet of Tribulations,” written between 1863 and Baha’u’llah’s death in 1892. In it, he draws a stark contrast between his tribulations and those of Muhammad. Given his allusion to the calumnies directed against him by two unnamed individuals, Baha’u’llah probably wrote the tablet during his exile in Istanbul and Edirne between 1863 and 1868 when the Iranian ambassador to the Ottoman Empire and Sayyid Muhammad Isfahani conspired against him. The tablet is not only unique for its subject matter but also for its historical references. Baha’u’llah quotes or paraphrases many early Islamic histories of Muhammad’s life and exegeses of the Qur’an, which is unusual in his tablets. Some of the episodes, especially the massacre and enslavement of a Jewish tribe, are rarely treated elsewhere in Baha’u’llah’s voluminous works. I have included footnotes to provide some background from the Islamic sources. To my knowledge, no one has written about the tablet in any language other than a brief note by Fadil Mazandirani (Asrar al-Athar, 5:256) identifying its recipient as Sayyid Mahdi Dahaji. -
Al-Fajr Media Center Releases Al-Libi Message 'Quraidhah and America' in English April 26, 2010
Al-Fajr Media Center Releases Al-Libi Message 'Quraidhah and America' in English April 26, 2010 [Please note: Images may have been removed from this document. Page numbers have been added.] On 26 April, a forum participant posted to a jihadist website several links to a text message by Al-Qa'ida's ideologue Abu-Yahya al-Libi, entitle "Quraidhah and America, a Breeding Ground for Treachery and a Fountain of Evil." Al-Libi narrates the story of the Jews during the era of Prophet Muhammad and likens them to the United States, saying that both are "a fountain of evil." The message is in English. The message, dated February 2010, is produced by Al-Qa'ida dissemination platform, Al-Fajr Media Center. The English version of the message, as provided by the Al-Fajr Media Center, follows: (OSC has deleted the Koranic verses in Arabic that are included in the English version of the message) "Quraidhah and America A Breeding Ground for Treachery and a Fountain of Evil Shaykh: Abu Yahya Al-Libi may Allah protect him After a month of severe besiegement, along with tremors of fear, pangs of hunger and severe cold, surrounded by the enemy - a state which the Quran so perfectly describes: "When they came upon you from above you and from below you, and when the eyes grew wild and the hearts reached to the throats, and you were harboring doubts about Allah.* There, the Believers were tried and shaken with a mighty shaking." (Al-Ahzab: 10-11) Umm Salamah, may Allah be pleased with her, used to say: I was present with the Prophet in the severest of battles we felt fear, such as al-Muraisee', Khaiber, Hudaibiyyah, Fat'h and Hunain. -
Religious Conflict in Early Islam: a Study of Its Causes from Qur'an Sunnah
QURANICA, International Journal of Quranic © 2014 Centre of Quranic Research (CQR), Research, Vol. 6, Issue.2, December 2014, Pp. 1-18 University of Malaya, Malaysia RELIGIOUS CONFLICT IN EARLY ISLAM: A STUDY OF ITS CAUSES FROM QUR’AN SUNNAH PERSPECTIVE)*( 1 2 S. M. Yunus Gilani & Tazul Islam ABSTRACT This paper aims to present an historical survey on the conflict between Islam and other religions. It undertakes an analytic textual reading of the concerned Quranic verses and a historical survey of the Prophet’s (pbuh) efforts to resolution of the conflict. This study finds that a multi-dimensional causes contributed to the conflict between the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and other religions. For example, Religious roots which was mainly caused by the Christians and Jews’ denial of prophecy of Muhammad (pbuh) after a clear prediction of his prophethood in their religious scriptures. However, politico-economy was another key element of this conflict in the early Islamic state in Madinah. Though this conflict had come to broad daylight in the Islamic era, had a long pre-Islamic root go back to the second and third century CE. Moreover, Jews and Christians had a genuine fear of being defeated by the new emerging Muslim power. Therefore, they had found themselves in conflict so that they could reign their hegemony over the territory. In addition, after a city state was established in Madinah, the Prophet (pbuh) found a demographic presence of Jews and their ally Quraish threatening it peace, security, stability and even assassination of head of the state. Hence, the conflict had become inevitable. -
FINAL RP8007-TXT 5.0 Rev 12.9.Indd
True Jihad is the best book I have read explaining Islam to the western mind. Mark has tactfully researched, chosen, and presented the most useful material that a Christian needs to understand Islam and be an effective witness to Muslims. Being a Muslim Background Believer (MBB) myself, I encourage you to read this book and put into practice what you learn. Dr. Hormoz Shariat, “The Billy Graham of Iran,” Iran Alive Ministries Since 9/11, Islam has continued to appear at the forefront of the news almost on a daily basis. Every Christian who is serious about sharing the greatest news ever to come to humankind, the gospel, needs to familiarize themselves with Islam and how to communicate the gospel effectively with Muslims. In True Jihad, Mark Pfeiffer guides readers through a brief history of Islam, how to communicate the gospel to Muslims, and how to answer their most common objections to the gospel. Highly recommended. Michael R. Licona, Associate Professor of Theology Houston Baptist University Mark Pfeiffer has challenged us to recognize that Abraham’s other children are dying of spiritual thirst—and that we are commissioned by Jesus Christ to share Living Water with them. Just as God provided physical water for Hagar and Ishmael in the wilderness, He still offers it to Muslims today. And we are the means of quenching that thirst. True Jihad is practical, passionate and provocative. If we let it, it can give us God’s own heart for Muslims, a heart of love and compassion; a heart for sharing the Truth that underlines “true” jihad. -
Seerah 3B Final Exam Study Guide
Seerah 3B Final Exam Study Guide Seerah 3B Final Exam Study Guide I have included some of the answers in the study guide, the rest of the answers I will give out in class Chapter 9- Battle of Uhad 1. Why did the Makkans want to take revenge on the Muslims in MAdaniha> a. Economic Blockade, Revenge for Uhad 2. Where was Uhad located:? a. North of Madinah on the trade route to Madinah 3. Who wrongly suggested on purpose to Muhammad (S) to let the Makkans march to Madinah? a. Abdullah Ibn Ubbay 4. What did the Muslims do wrong? a. They abandoned the hill when the Makkans started running away so it gave a chance for the Makkans to attack again 5. Who won the Battle a. There was no clear winner 6. What important people died in the Battle? a. Hamzah (who was mutilated by Hind, Abu Sufyan’s Chapter 11 - Treachery of Arab Tribes 7. What happened in the Al-Raji Expedition? a. The Prophet sent a team of six companions to spread Islam when they were ambushed. All were killed but two companions who were sold to Makkah. As they were being executed, one was asked if he wished the Prophet was here instead of him and he said “By Allah I prefer that Muhammad (S) be where he is…safe…”. Another companion, asked to do sallah before he would be crucified, when he was being crucified, he made a dua so powerful that the Makkans got scared and thought they were cursed. 8. What happened with Bi’r Maunah tribe? Chapter 12 - Treachery of Banu Nadir 9. -
The Quran, Interpretation and Eretz Yisrael
Sheikh Dr Muhammad Al-Hussaini Fellow and Lecturer in Islamic Studies, Leo Baeck College THE QURAN, INTERPRETATION AND ERETZ YISRAEL http://www.scripturalreasoning.org.uk/ OUTLINE Why is the study and interpretation of the Quran relevant to Jewish people? Is there evidence for Jewish influences in the formative period of Islam and the development of its Quranic sciences? As an example of texts with immediate relevance to Jewish-Muslim relations, a group study of Quranic texts and classical Islamic commentaries on Eretz Yisroel JEWISH RELEVANCE – THE IMMEDIACY OF ANTI- SEMITISM AND THE HOPE OF PEACE " # ! ‘It is decreed upon us in the Quran that we kill the Jews wherever we find them –”Truly the strongest among people in enmity to those who believe are the Jews”’ Sheikh Ahmed Yassin $%69 &' (%' ! ! ( ) * +, - ' ,* ‘Truly those who believe, and those who follow the Jewish faith, and the Sabians and the Christians – whomsoever believes in God and in the Last Day and works righteousness, there shall be no fear upon them, nor shall they grieve.’ The Table (Quran 5) 69 THE HAMAS CHARTER Issued 18 August 1988. Thoroughly steeped in Islamic scripture – opening with repeated “proof-texts” from the Quran: “Allah is its target, the Prophet is its model, the Quran its constitution” Article 8 “Giving up any part of Palestine is like giving up its religion” Article 13 “The Islamic Resistance Movement believes that the land of Palestine is an Islamic Waqf consecrated for future Muslim generations until Judgement -
The Islamic State the Islamic State
The Islamic State The Islamic State The Islamic State By: Taqiuddin an-Nabhani Hizb ut-Tahrir Start of Dowla m.p65 1 09/08/00, 15:33 The Islamic State Al-Khilafah Publications Suite 298 56 Gloucester Road London SW7 4UB email: [email protected] website: http://www.khilafah.com 1419 AH / 1998 CE ISBN 1 899574 00X AH - After Hijrah CE - Christian Era Translation of the Qur’an The scholars of Islam are agreed that the Qur’an is only authentic in its original language, Arabic. Since perfect translation of the Qur’an is impossible, the term “Translation of the Meaning of the Qur’an (TMQ) has been used throughout the book, as the English wording presented is only a crude meaning of the Arabic text. Qur’anic ayat and the Arabic words have been italicised Printed and Bound by- De-Luxe Printers, London NW10 7NR. website: http://www.de-luxe.com email: [email protected] ii Start of Dowla m.p65 2 09/08/00, 15:33 The Islamic State iii Start of Dowla m.p65 3 09/08/00, 15:33 The Islamic State Contents Introduction 1 The Starting Point 4 Building the Sahabah 6 The Launching of the Da’wah 8 Hostility Against the Da’wah 10 The Interaction of the Da’wah 17 The Two Stages of the Da’wah 22 The Expansion of the Da’wah 26 The First Pledge of Al-Aqabah 28 The Da’wah in Madinah 29 The Second Pledge of Al-Aqabah 33 Establishing the Islamic State 41 Building the Society 43 The Preparation for Jihad 48 The Jihad Begins 51 Life in Madinah 55 Debating the Jews and the Christians 57 The Battle of Badr 62 Dealing with Banu Qaynuqa’ 65 Managing the Dissension 66 The