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1 Joel v Morison [1834] EWHC # R%( $ *X ) DgD (`*2 .? 2 g -$' " E%C O/ & C KB J39 (Court of Exchequer, 3 July 1834), per Parke, B: “The master is only liable where the servant is acting in the course of his employment. If he was going out of his way, against his master's implied commands, when driving on his master's business, he will make his master liable; but if he was going on a frolic of his own, without being at all on his master's .business, the master will not be liable.” ( Y&Z " 7=' :$( 2 * K(&aD A%R $X " /( ).&M-$214 =W . 2' R(B 7 W* EB;( !%R 62+ * ' ` c$ T ^: $* ' )7<#4 =>P " # O$C ./ s$24 J>T " $: Y&Z - S N:$C Y$`D %/* "( -4 1 D) o %4 " C( Y?! SD )C *D 8( " * ./( ) & S o %4 O/ - (& - (?1+ L4( . QR ERS R R$!( 3% )( 12D N`D L<% # $b $'; s 8 R&1 6 Y $? )" &Tt( & `* o % .p$' x + ^* "+ & WX [2 Z " ./ LU + ^* *U ^Z 2 D ) =B L$X " &WX ' #$ s4( -y( -5 AB;ƒD >*+ P$' ' Y&Z `: € ; V*] ' :R 22( !%R 10 B+ RB * 2+ &a ( )".(` D X& U* C R%$* @` :" B*D '2C * L &a )V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 B+ &M Z ^ZD ^Z 5 "+ L <C ( .LD w •2T ./ ^Z ^'# -X *( ) ' *2 *U R(B & Y&Z C $( J D N! 6( .p$' B2 " 4 $' " # L ./ - * 6 Y&Z O/ Q2D B+ " ( .D&Q( :&U " Z S L 2 D )*U ^Z Y&Z & &' - . )! " * ./ B ;$ e 6 L ) 2;&* #&Q1 " WC* %]g( !$$ $` &a YW D )Y] -y , B: L -$ ^'# e / 6 YL B+ .V! ;&c N1 D( ) &U D " LR ( " #& C#& q 62+ R(B & L 2*+ # BD - -(BD )EB B! * ' ` Vc$ T ' - L % T 5 " BD ." & * " * & 3 ‚$ Z O/ .(L ( L P(1 N` /L() )=?1 J Dg \ L ( " ( )*U ^Z J D # L D 2*+ ./ q '* $( )" c: 7 R" .0D $+B /( . D&Q( :&U R(B J D # D /T ./ q '* $( )"…KX 7 2C" .0D P(1 Y&Z D c ./ 7 2C -(R R(B L*% J>T " L 7C1 &Tt N R %BD [Z* .& / B )J$:4 O/ bg( .L _ '*2 'c L ( .EB B1 R(B 5 6 ,7 / *&8 9&: 5 ; '<* 6'# =;# !'4> =5 -34 .3$ CD95 10 !B 5 10 ?) < : # W D :$( 2.P& U †#; J: *X "J& 62+ 4 &M:" -6 -$ `# p$' B Z U* 2' R(B & L 2+ @: " 28 B+$:" "+ %&' )7<#4 =>P s$2: LD '2C 4 X *L ) L2 " * .AB W D %BM*# . $ C=:$ R4 O/ 62+ CU ' * O/ w MZ L2 2C ' -
7D N` # @>g( -& Y&C] %X " _ $( ( R> 1320 $; B() .P& U †#; D K(&C* )B* " B _*] 2 : $ 62+ >X ( . c: `g Y&C] a+ " $ )J& 62+ 4 &M:" ."Y$L # '2C &*C B+$:( a;>* $ V:&] ' :R 50( !%R 27( V:&] !%R 29 T "+ {B ./ B ;$ e%T 234 L ` : ( 1951 @+ 3J( BD E&8C* & 3( ' :B & 3 $` :( J( D D 2+ 62+ D R(B; & 1 Y&T -X .L*L# Y( L: – a;>* 52 6 R(B 2 L* & # (B ` L B D )4& &' # J$ 7 UD o %4 " < L \ X L4 ( L $*C L X%R 5 -X Y$( . B! 0` O/L# 8$MT &U O1 # s&3 p$' B -0UD a;>" " [ '* :>C ( w 2 * #( -7 :J( BD "-#R&X 50( !%R 27 J$ ^T " D V &' C:$ ' * p$' B "c$ ` " A&1* J$c 62+ J*U 6 -(B * ( )s&C & D " !%R 29 J$ ^T( ' :R 5".(& D @ :% OB#(% O&X( ` =& =* &'( @+ & B' Y + J( -X "V &'" *2 J( @BZ ;$ )( -8 @'• q . 5 7 U - " * ) :B -$Q "* `D 7:4 62+ )B X0 D . ' *2 + R(B D ' 2 € ; s&C & D " & $2 X 50 $; *] B * .R$*+ ^T 2+ -( )*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^T 6 V*] ' :R 40( !%R 9 $; B+ 7 .R(B & 2C C8 O/ c`D 7 D .p$'2 7TBD C:$ ' * w MZ• ./ J( %] B:( L 6 _ " ( )J*U 6 >C# p$' B * ) b -9 - 6 (*a U ! 2 : N $ 62+) &' J$ ‚$ T -0D F%' &‡X & D ># 6.OB#(%( "s&C & 6 $ .%1* J$c 62+" - ' 10 s&: - . # R$!$ 6 $ .%1* # OB#(% BC :& ( s&C :& ‚$ T ( s&C & D ‚$ T )5 62+ E(>+( .*] ,=:R 10( !%R D&Q J*U O1 # & ` : * ' ` c$ T 7 U - "+ 5 ) <&+ ( '# 9 $; 6 -#R& :&U R(B 62+ *] -$b 5( ' :R 20( !%R 9 ^T " (& D @ :% ' 2( .%$#%R( -#R&X " D R(B 62+ V*] -$b 5( ' :R 50( !%R -$b 3( ' :R 30( !%R 9 ^T B+ V &' )" $] ' # ˆ2 *( s&C & D L " 2C B; -X -() %$#%R R(B; 7: V*] !%R 10 ^T P(1 ( •V*] $; -#R&X 7TB # )J*U 6 :& BCD ( )Y:%? :& .( 2C L %1
3 )P.P. Howell, “Notes on the Ngok Dinka of Western Kordofan”, (1951) 32 Sudan Notes and Records 239, p. 242 .BCD ( 701 E&' # %&' # &X .201 M # )13-5 7 / ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' )JW* 7 62+ &a 4 .KS B X0 )O>+ 3 ] )P.P. Howell 5 )O>+ 3 ] )P.P. Howell 6 “The Ngork Dinka . . . occupy an area along the middle reaches of the Bahr el Arab.”; ABC Experts’ Report, Appendix 5.13, p. 201, citing P.P. Howell, 1948, in P.P. Howell Papers, Sudan Archive, University of Durham (“SAD”) 768/2/15 “The Ngork Dinka of Western Kordofan live along the middle reaches of the Bahr el Arab and its tributaries. During the dry season the Homr Messiria mingle freely with them in pastures and they have a long history of contact with the Arab world – probably for at least a century.” Emphasis added. # s`( )D&Q J*U O1 # BCM( )*] -$b 5( ' :R 40( !%R 9 ^T 28 $; R$CM # B b *] ' :R 50( !%R 9 ^T $; B; 6 ' ` ^T B; 2C S () :$# ( *] !%R 10 ^T B+ - 6 V:&] ' :R 30( !%R ' * -ƒ# / ( .(OP(1 ( *] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^T 7M X ^T s&: D B!$ )p$' J( <( € ; )"6 $ .%1* J$c 62+ " C:$ ./ z % 1951 @+ # )E%(&SD )5 " L• ( .V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 )7 R . B!$ )V*] LC$ # )J$'/Y:%? :& 6 # $28( p$' -$ B: " :&U J*U( J*U 6 C:$ C$ ' * - 62+ ):$ 5 # 6 ; )p$' B2 +*! R$!( . L # -X )p$' 6 Y&Z + )Y:%? :& p$' B 6 %&' L L ;` ST ' * 62+ J$' , ( Y:%? :& J*] C:$ ' * . )" c: 7 BD" 5D *# 7 R 6R . -(BD ^T #?! 7 UD *] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^T ' 2 6 ; L:&] 6 EB **( &* <% *=R X ( %$#%B R * ,c*( V:&] !%R 29 J$ . B 2' *1 ERLUD -X(- )7 &D J(`( !$$D(& + $( ) J( ~?# *D% -10 =>P LD K&; ' & J$ " – Q2 , :R .%R PL! %c # ? * ‰$ e%T > D LD BLU 2 S ~?# *D%( .%+ 7<#4 -$X 7W ) ` * 62+ %&' " &Tt - # RŠB] L ( ): – L \<$ # 5U €D ( L # p$ U* <& bg )~* ! Y*2+ Y&Z <( J(;0( J( 6 ( !%0 – [Z* % # '; 5 6 R$+0( . ` # % :p$' "+ 1951 @+ %$U # J( J$' -11 € ; )s&C & D J*] 2C <%4 J$c 62+ ~%?*( *=B A&' B!$" ER+( .&L s$! (x $ ) ;$ "X # K1 $ # +&* aC B!$ J( # 7L Y* 62+ J$M ) ` =& =* %1 B; ( &L s&: A&' @' ^T #( .&L < 62+ &•; %Dt " ( C*1 `* " )K1 $ +$*1 7X -$ "X`* " +$*1 )%L4 O/ J$c 62+ •D )V &' 78$ 8."(p$) &WX ( E& a;( ( $3) ‹$X EB+ " L @B' $ )a;> J( N X B+ p$' :$ J$; p$ ] 'D 6 ;( -12 :J$' c$ sD " ) B / + D$! R(B; .s&C & 6 $ .%1* J$c 62+ ' # ... p$' B ' " :>+ " CU " /LD L D&( )VD$! R Œ $( :&U s$1 # R %$ • (%
.16 M )1 Y?1 ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' 7 .KS B X0 .243 M # )O>+ 3 ] )Howel 8 s&C p p$' J*]( . R J$2 B!$ D&Q s$1 O1 #( .EB c( #'b 9"... *$( &] JM LD L € ; )&* & `* " E%Š' 6 $ .%1*" J$c 62+ -$U C $X p$' - J( †;> A&T E&( -13 ' * - 1948 @+ †; B: J( -X )5 6 E%]g ' *X( ."s&C & J>T" ( "OB#(%( s&C & 6 $ .%1* J$c 62+" ' p$' Lc$ K1 $ " `D ' 2*+ J>T "( 10."+&* # LC & D &* & `* ^2 Z :&( )s&C & ) 2C .%1* # "6 $ .%1*" # $X p$' - E&8C* Z( =&Z R4 *! J$' / ,D ( )(& D @ :%( Y:%? 5 " BCD 6 L' .YW " , ` *D %&' 2+ 6b ./ -$` X R ( + J' 7: &0# LCS - %&' B & € ; )Y:%? :& Y%( 6 :&]( V*] . Q2 N &3 Y&Z2 "8 Y+R" [Z* .& / " D`( qR` " Y?1 # J(0 -14 7X % T R4( ) `*Z ^( 6 ; 1905 " p$' R$!( %&* -0UD 6 1905 " E& # p$' R$!( - w Z * # )L21 %&'( & &' " . L B R4 62+ ?X%0 "& :$ # " ( )1965 (B &ŠZ`• L ;&# )~?D J( N M - L Ž 23 [ -15 .J( " : Y ? ?C {B BCD 71+ 62+ C*! !&* " +$*1 11"J(L E&8C( 'D !&*D S EBX J( D`;" - F%'2 J'• / ( -$X& U " * *!" %&' N`;( 12."J( " :R 7:" !&* O/ -0D @ ' & D L$M )& ' 6 E%]gD p$' B :$ -$#Š&C• L$X # # & ' 6 E%]gD p$' B :$ -$M " * Y - B D 13." LDU ) `*Z # & ' # p$' R$!( # JR1 B; ( " &UC -&' [M $*+ % + " CD /T 6 ;( . &L( :&2 6 $ .%1* J$c 62+ . .LD X " c " * Y] )" * " EB ** A& E&=B [M" L$ D & ' -$`&D(% [M / ( -16 C:( $( 6 ; " ( 14."B#(& :& @a( s&C & D # 52 X 6 &: ' ' :R 50( !%R 10 ^T $# 52 X B!$) & ' * $ [ &C "*< 52 X
.KS B X0 .241 M )` !&* )Howell 9 .KS B X0 .O>+ 6 ] )P.P. Howell, 1948 10 .726 E&' )%&' 11 .` !&* 12 .` !&* 13 "+ >' )727 E&' )%&' 14 citing J. Robertson, “Handing over Notes on Western Kordofan District”, 1936, Chapter IV “The Humr Administration”. citing J. Robertson, “Handing over Notes on Western Kordofan District”, 1936, .Chapter IV “The Humr Administration”. c$ ` V*=R ' * X B'# )-$` 2 ( 'b( *`; )(& W D P$' ' $# )V*] 6 Rg " BC ` $$ D R(B; & 1 Y&T - 7D 151902 # D&+ $* [ &C / - [ X '; xB* " )5 "+ &a K&MD( .p$' B !%R 27( V:&] !%R 29 # *LRB; " /2 J$ T B & ' * %] - , B'# )0 # 3 *=R -X ./ J(`* )J( .V:&] ' :R 50( Y&* ` * # )7Q `• B D .P # p$' x C -X € ; 6 <( %CD $* [ &C / 7D' #( .^: 2' 6#$ w Z] 7 $' `= ( *D M - @$L*D & ' BC )(S -$` X C<( ./ [ &C $() & ' * &WX ' (& ' " 2M ' * .) p$'D &* ^2 T € ; )\ M $' ' E%C -$` X L# $ /( )s&C & D( Y:%? :& " %M :J$' LD 6R E&Z ERL] # 16. X& U* p .& ' *D )s$1 O1 # p& U* +&2 ' ' ' * X" # ."[ S( [ S*" :>+ " 5 " – +$ & M: $* - +*1 U C %c # s$1 O1 # %R3 " )JP* E+% " 2: YW D ) B -X )$* / 17".J;& " BD *$* E&1L " ^* ' *( $* &C D & " L 2+ ~P * ' * -ƒ# 2+( -17 .R$!( L # p$'2 -X € ;( B;( $* - 2 ' U C € ; & 7TR -#R&X NŠ •X ( 18)%&' &X 6(4 %RM* -ƒ# )5 62+ E(>+( -18 s& N &T( •1913 @C .&M* .? 2 -#R&X 2: &T( •1912 @C L2X )1916 @+ %$#%B s& N &T( •1914 @C .&M* .? 2 -R$`2 6 ( ^'# " B" 6 " ( p$' B 6 D & U L $( >: + C L %U* )p$' 7 U E& X 2 : B -$X J3 Q * D )"Œ! %R" .L B;( ~&# A$ )" D&Q BD ; R$!$ '2 * ( )6(4 K8(4 O/ # " " ' @B+ N`D *D&( -19 .%1* $ O$Q2D BCD - b * D :$ € ; " 1905 @+ 52 X # p$' B : %CD I : /LD %&' &' ) `*Z # :&2 6 $ )p$' B L # @: ' *2 C$ E&a - R• ' :R EY&: \<$ )5 " .& & " * )I D E& D( p> X E& D )&U 6 BCD( )6 & 7X S L V>W J$ ‚$ T " D V &' V?ŠX&• -X p$' # @: ./ 2:g - 6 )A&;4D ) R4 & U( 19".V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 o &+ ^T 6 J( LB:
.Gleichen Handbook, 1905, p. 157. 15 .24 ] ) O>+ !&* 16 .190 M )-R$` $ ; E&X/ )-$` X - %$` #(& ER# 17 .734-733 -&' )%&' 18 .735 E&' )%&' 19 " D ^D& , . p _ •*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^T * " ( -20 "" Z" " 7 1 B C=:( 7 R w MD ( e ( ' * B'* !%R 10 B+ *U ^ZD *Y' ( 20)J( T *L 6+B* )D&Q( :&U . B!$ ( .& ` . " V* T 7 2C # ER$!$* E?'# .V*] ,=:R 10( .V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^Z S & & %RM* B BCD ) <$ * % # ) L 62+ -X ' O/ B+ -21 & T JBC : B+ 5U - )&DB ( [:$ - )R C & ( )L & *+B ^T 7M J(L *$ ‚$ Z 7C! 62+ ‘ g #R 5 " BD ..B='C " ' " ^T •2 - 2t & & 2 &Tt ^ ZD €U ( 6 L *] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 / ( . C' & 3( 21 ( X *L )L11; %& D )*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 :%&' J$' ] J$; p$' B2 *=B c$ `* N23 7CD ' )-$` X 7 2 N`;" O %RM"( Y:%? :&( (& D @ :%( s&C & D 7*U ( & .%1 ^T ' * O/ ABC * D( ."s&C & D &4 L # & L2X EB B+ !&C . p _ )-$` X %$`#(& †; *X )€ ; – V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 o &+ #( :&U J*U #( P$' #( D&Q J*U #) p$' B2 @ +*! %$S; J( RB; o &C ‚$ T 7*U – (I D( 52 X E& D s$8 & ' 62+ " Y?! # E& Q8 = 5`* EB'C ]( ` =& b>W %L4 aC*D V &' ' 2( 22". %&: &T # (B *X & &* )EB BC $ 2* =* .%1*" 6 -$` X E%] 6 234 B ` ) ' [M -X B+ -$` X - J’` 2 & W* "( 23." L # s&C & D LC *! )5 62+ E(>+( .&* R$!( - * 8( # 5 7C -X )E%C O/LD & # & "( " :&" " D -$` X ?Š ) $* [ &C "*< C:$ ' * 52 #( K(&C*( K1 $ # &* 2 : 6'` " Y?! - 6 -$` X %]( ." B; :&( (& D @ :% )" = " &1 &X J$; " ' "' ' OC*D & " E%CD 24."Y:%?
7 62C# . ' * 6 E%]“ $ ‚$ Z O/ B+ ‚$ Z % J( -0X( S*( "J( J$c ‚$ T" "+ L {B 20 J( - BX’ - R(( ."p$' 2: D&3 B ./( )J( ORB; *X V:&] ' :R 00( !%R 29 J$c ^T" 6 & U 741 E&' # JW* !%R 10 ^T # 2W* * J Z 2;% "+ LM %B'D :( 6 &: 5] ( 2 Z R(B D Y1 5 7C# -X $( Vc$ T ^: RB .V:&] ' :R 50( !%R 27( V*] ,=:R 10( ."& 6 &Ty # @>`D 7M %L4 6( 6 ;(" E& -%$ $ -$&Q J: *X 21 .KS B X0 .OR 23 ] )-$` X "+ >' )736 E&' )%&' 22 I. Cunnison, Baggara Arabs: Power and Lineage in a Sudanese Nomad Tribe "+ >' )727 E&' )%&' 23 .at p. 172. (1966), .` !&* 24 @C -#R&X NŠ •X L # *D ) 'D` R4 J>T " / BX0" :>=: %&' S* ( -22 6 s&C & D " EB ** ' * s&3 #( ^$ # p$' B :$ RB; ./ 1912 . 'C " RB+ YBD 6 N &Q 7 2C / $+B ( 25" 52 X E& D ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^T P(1 2C %1 # & ' - BX* " () )V*] ' :R 52( !%R 9 ^T B+ %$#%R " -#R&X s&C & D 7TB ) V*] 26(JB! " -$2Z ># Y:%? :&2 62+4 A&1*( (& D @ :& 62+4 A&1* 27.V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^T 6 J; .0D ->M " ( -0D B J( ( -$` X " E%] ( 7 R . B!$ )p 6 >8( - 6 ;( (s) )" &UC -&' ^( # 6 ; =* .%1* O/L 2C .%1* 6 $28( p$' .1905 @+ # 5 & 2 " $ * .%1*" J$c 62+ -(B!$ p$' B - ;&8 J( BX (e) ." :&( -ƒ# )(& D @ :& 2C .%1* 62+ p$' B2 c$ ` R$!( o &• # (R) 10 ^ZD ' 2 € ; J( C<( ./ :&U "^Z"( ' * 52 " D 28 #`* V &' L` #`* -$ ( .V &' V& $2 X 150 -$ V*] ,=:R 10( !%R .s&C & D ' " :> &X -$ 7D Y:%? :&2 2C .%1* " :> •o %4 # & , / C - " * p$' ‹$X4 8Z E? * *# ^: LM $L# . ;&MD 5 &X *X &' L J( %] J$ ‚$ T (”) -ƒ# )& 5U / 62+ E(>+( .V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^T 6 ; B * L$ D ,D ' * -$X $ V:&] ' :R 50( !%R 27 ^T( V:&] !%R 29 ^T "+ ~#B .%1* J$c 62+ ' * V &' 8( - N &3 7 UD L• / ( .J( R(B; V &' 7 R R$!( 3% *] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^T 6 7M " :&( &L2 6 $ -(R &`# -$` X L8( ' -0# ) 5 -0X( )D BŽLU `* !&* " RS J>T "( )J( LC<( D&Q( :&U R(B "V &'" ,D L 62+ %& J( " T" 62+ [8$ / _ •: ): e%T o S [8$ /LD RLU .5/X Y] ># )%$L * 7 2C sD " / " . D&Q( :&U R(B {B R(B B B / " <$*3 &WX % C BL] 2 D R(B & z % - "‰ ( . * 2:g
.737 E&' )%&' 25 Y:%? :& BD CU x 1/ CU X& ^=&T " ( .JD & D J*] Y:%? :& BD -R$` $ ; ^=&T " 26 E&X/* # 62 &Z " %$#%R s$! # ^=&Z aC # (& D @ :% L ( .7 2'D V*] !%R 10 ^T 7 W% &] s$! RB•; B: ‚' O/ - 62+ 7 R . B!$ ( .J*U O1 # YU I CD B * ] 6 EB * L CU x 1 / CU X& 2 'C .=L 7 UD V B .9 E&' )O>+ &a 27 -#R&X NŠ • D RLU Y` # .& ` EY( ` e%T RLU ER+ %& ( (() s&Q( ^$ L! # p$' B" :$ NŠ • / RB %&' N` # :1912 @C 7 D RLU %B!4 " * D 28."I D4 E& D 6 s&C & D " EB ** ' * " :p$' B :$ B B -0UD 1912 @C -#R&X NŠ •X # R%$ w - 2` Y$ , (& `: )&U L! " : ` =& b>W @`:4(" ;( •$X D ~ -y " / )s(% 7;& - 2` ~ )^$ #( • $ 6+B =D " &Tt "D Y$ -(B!$ ( )s(& " 'D` ~4 " RB+ p )s&Q 29".J$X )p$' B _ ( B " 2 : ( ), (& - 62+ JB *2 O/ - \<$ " ~ ^$ # :p$' " - +*! X s&Q 6( )&U L! # -$U C $X 52 s&3( (1905 @+ & X &L 62+ OR$!( # JB! ./) s(% - 2` "D )$X W• "#< 7 R" 6 / J$•; [ X .- 2` YD " &Tt "D ~ -X S L1 $ & $ -I : 7 2C D A$ - J( 6 - ?C " /2 :&U( D&Q "" Z" .30p%Rg :&U( D&Q R(B B R4" O* *D BLU ` %&' S* ( -23 : R4 O/( .31"J(L &: ' *D * ' * - A% € ; 1954 @+ _ 7 L(R a;> () s&C sR -( )p$' o %" V:&] ' :R 50( !%R 27 J$ ^T 6 B! &' +% $'; ' X ' * - \<( 7 UD / C ( 32."VC D% L # +& 62+ L# NCM " B D .:$ 5 # 2+ -X *X [:$* [M( X& U &WX E&8C R & U * D 2+ [:$* / q :( 1905 @+ 6 ~$!& LD " * .p/t :$ $ -X p$'2 &WX R(B R$!( - 6 33)_ 2 ( R 7W )1905 @C ( 6(4 R4 -ƒ# )J( @ B=` [:$* )"*b .0D )1905 :( 'D *( \ &M I #•% / ( .& ` Y ( L+ K& I •3 J C D !(4 "S B & 3" \ &M 4 ' s&3 B!$ " "^'# &* " -0D s(% - 2` *2 ( 34)CU x 1/ CU X& C#& # R%( *X "~RZ" 4 ( \ &M J C D . 2*C Y%( " 1 , ' # 3& AB "+ [U
.737 E&' )%&' 28 Majesty’s Kordofan and the Region to the West of the White Nile, Anglo-Egyptian Handbook Series (London: Her 29 C.A. Willis, “Notes on the Western Kordofan Dinkas”, S &a .Stationery Office 1912), p. 73. seem to 10 April 1909, Sudan Intelligence Report No. 178 (May 1909), Appendix C, p. 16: “The Western Kordofan Dinkas late Sultan be divided into three main heads: on the east the Ruweng, under Sultan Qot; in the middle the followers of the .Lar, under his son Kanoni, and to the west the followers of the late Sultan Rob, under his son Kwal.” .20 ] )O>+ &a 30 .L 2 ( 738 E&' )%&' 31 32 .M. and A. Tibbs, A Sudan Sunset, pp. 247-8, as cited in ABC Experts’ Report, Part 2,p. 203 "+ >' )739 E&' )%&' .Willis, 1909, Sudan Intelligence Report No. 178 (May 1909), Appendix C, p. 16 33 .(-%$D) 23/16 )2009 7 &D/-` 22 )&S * 34 # 2M " . ' ' B`1 -X )p$' B +P )s(% - 2` -4 B & 3 J& # $'C & 3 * ' ` ‚$ T &D L &M: YD ( # L EB+` .J( 6 L`( R$!( # *L . N3& ) & `* R$!( B 7* ; * D" _ a;> (s) "%B" _ " E+& " " 2 : - A$ / C ( .35"p %$#%R ' P% ( CD%4D ,2C * J$' / EY&: Q .(%$#-%R) A&T %R " "7 TR" # 3& *=' ' ' :>C O& 3 B; . " R 7 UD -$` X ‘&] B:( .: # `*Z :7 D 7'• - O& ` , ` ( . B( & `* " D p .& ' *D )s$1 O1 # p& U* +&2 ' ' ' * X" # ."[ S( [ S*" :>+ " 5 " – +$ & M: $* - +*1 U C %c # s$1 O1 # %R3 " )JP* E+% " 2: YW D ) B -X )$* / (19 M) D X # 5 6 &] *X( .J;& " BD *$* E&1L " ^* LC : -$U C B -X -( ) B2 *=R c$ ` p & ' aC #” - ^: % .‘& ' &* L # "c$ ` :(4 aC # s&C & D s$! -(& $$ ( )& ' 6 Y1* 7! " B " -g -$2 $X &* 36.B2D ( "%R" L2 D ' * # -(& &* -X .p %(P L` " E& J>T s&C & 2C .%1* "+ )J( J$' )7b* s$20D( -24 " E%' ~$*! B( V& O * R%$ NS" :& &#/‚] 6 &*#$/W " &U V 2 L(& =* ‚' 'D " c$ ` ):$ / $; ' * J$TR # J*U 37."L ' :R 50( !%R 27 ^T B 6(4 R4 S#•% )5 " _ C 62+( -25 p$' B2 R$!( . &La ./ )1918 @+ 2;% "+ & &' $ ( .V:&] 2;% BD ./ -ƒ# 5 " _ C 62+(" : %CD I #&• L ' * # s 8 E%(&<( & s 3 6 `D E%] & U 1918 q%/%t # &: # " ( 1918 @+ &: # p$' B1 L# :^SD B M' D $ /( 38"7 R 7 2C 2 `D ." &UC -&' [M # )&* s&C N! 6 )B!( _ 6 p$' 7' B' :\<( e )(I : * ( %$L * 7 2C D %') \ M A% *W ;( . a;> _ # ABD ./ z % ( 1918 " D 28 E& # &:
.KS B X0 .32 ] O>+ &a 35 E&' # .KS B X0 .6 E&' )2008 &*` R/J(4 -$X 3 )-$` X - %$` #(& BU ER# )-R$` $ ; E&X/ 36 )"& 6 ˆ 1*2 B " -g -$2 &* ^: & " " -$` X %$` #(& O&X 6 7<#4 =>P & U )%&' " 731 )&* 2 " $b" $';( p$'2 " " $'; L 62+ & ' 6 -(&a $X &* - $' bg `D D BLU J$: /( $'; -$ V*+R -$` X BD a;>* O/ 7<#4 =>P $` )N &3 & ` #( . X& U $' ' L(BC $X *( &* - 62+ JB - " * -$` X a;> " BM' - :$( . D ' # 7' ( -C ' +% # , # E%$M & `* "%R" ' * 7X # -(& $X &* " - RL] # S †; € ; )`D 5 -$` X BX *X )L <% & ' -(BC $X . R• =Q( ? * & ` 62+ &Tt JW /( .B2D ( L .KS B X0 2 ] )244 M # )O>+ 3 ] )J( .s .s 37 .740 E&' )%&' 38 )s&C & D J$c 62+ p$' A&: &X/ >W $L# ) a;> -(B -X B'# B ( 1905 @+ " N &') 1909 @+ _ 2 ( S # BX ./ - * # ^SD J*]( ) &: 6 , & # &* -C :( &* * Z 6 & U ( )R$!( .J$X 5 &: $; p$' R$!( - 6 E%]“ N* - * # ' O/ 6 R$+0( -26 7 R( ) c: & 3 L D 1 ; ./ 7 B - b4 2W4 O/ &X .1905 @+ &: &: - 2: . )D 2: 6 ; € D ^2Z " $( O& ` Y ? 27 B+ $c ^T & ' %& . p _ 2# )1905 @+ p$' B LD -X 7 D )J$:( V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^T 6 ; RB ( V:&] ' :R 50( !%R ./ " &WX 0 ( :B " N2 R(B % - )@& ; 2C# *X :&U R(B 6 R$+ L L *% R(B 0` p& 7: " ( -27 . a;> D% YBD &4 S ' ( .39. L [M ( 1936 6 1933 " E& # -#R& -$`&D(% %R %&' _ ' () Cc' # " D&Q & $ - @: B+ E& 52 # C:( 2: C:( -$`&D(% L # &L < 62+ – x' ‹$X – E& LC : &=a; YD( :& %$CD" 7 + &;ƒD &( +0# "p$' B <% 62+ $& D( )-#R&X N! " L ( L # JB! =:$40." 2' L <% 6 LD'+ 62+" Y>TB R%( ‹$X4 )D&Q & $ " (’! " / )R 7 UD ( )& $# . J$8$ ./ e B . )V:&] !%R 29 ^T B+ V &' Y:%? :& 5] ( (&+ B: 7 + # V*] ' :R 45( !%R 9 ^T B+ 5] ( (&+ L ( )J( 6 s$`* "^Z" 9 ^T 6 A&T E& $? b V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^T 6 (BC8 L2) 5 B+ :& (&+ b L EB+` &WX $$ V*] ' :R 45( !%R K< 62+ ( :$* O/ #) p$' B R$!( # K>T J O/ #( )(^'# & B* 284 %Rg" -$+ 7* &Z S 5 BX( .Y:%? :& *& Y&!g - \<$ " " ( 41.1941 @+ 6 LZ % R$C "-#R&X 7 UD & ` Y:P& :& - B D . :& 7 + " Y>TB &+ BCD /Z *( )*] V& $2 X 50 . )V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 J$ ^T 6 ; .R$*+ & $ %$+ -ƒ# 5 62+ E(>+( .V> 2: D&Q J*U O1 # b )s&Q O1 # .&1 " D$1 N1 62+ $X ) :$* / # 6 ; )p$' - \<( 7 UD BX :&2 Œ= I : 7D )N` # & QD _ 7 B / @BZ -ƒ# / . :& .E$!&*
.741 E&' )%&' 39 X& P&; ) R$` $ E&X/* 45 ,#&* )J. Robertson, Transition in Africa (London: C. Hurst, 1974), p. 51 40 .KS B X0 .741 E&' )%&' "+ >' ) FE 5/10CU x 1/ CU “Native Administrations of Kordofan Province” (Khartoum: The Sudan Survey Department, 1941), GoS Memorial 41 .Map Atlas, Map 27 . 2' C:$ O/ " w 2Z &Tt e D YBD R( W a;>* ,2C (s) :>=: %&' S* <$* # .$D(R [8( %' L &WX B (V:&] !%R 29 ^Z) [8$ /(" ), (% :&] D$! R(B; L p$' B - 6 E%]gD ./( :$b$ &WX S [8$ / BC ( .J$;4 X * X J( BX R(B; ( R(B 62+ 7 B L R$` $ +? . &: %' B B 7S#( .42" D ' * :&U O/L B # $ " : B (& -`2 ? W E&*2 >1( – B X0 / K>ZD -28 R4 # \ &1 " BD &X +$<$*D 6(4 R4 %B' - L 62+ -X )" L @+ .$D(R N X B'# .L' ' 6 6C` Œ= ( , 1905 @C E&8C* -C ' Z "+ E%+ J*U # B2 .$D(R O&X R$!( 6M: -X B+ )1921 " ! " * ./ B ;$ e 43.(& D @ :% < 62+ 1X$ J*] ) B " B * $X“ )p$' B2 2 >C# C* -C ' -X )p$' - $ z %$ 52 -$214 =W EB 1 K(&a " 2Q ` )s&Q( J*U L! YU I CD )A&T E&( .— & `* @$*+ &‰( L* +P " D *=' :>C( .&M $# $2*C ( p$' Lc$ ' * - 1902 # B1`# Y%$ 6 P B+ L & 3 )$'$D X L2D: B2 &: J( - -$` 2 ( &X/ ( .&Q8 X s&C & D B R(B; X O/ - ^: -$` 2 ( 7' J C D 44.. &: b ) (T X 1909 # J; . 62+ .1902 @+ (B$] € ; $ - * - BX 8( " )p$' % 4 B CD" :2 )p$' B :$* B! >M 8( 6 + ./ )_ 2 ( J: 45"( * ( $'$) s&C " t L$` J*U # ' 6M: 6 p$' N/ I : 1; 62+ ^'# E& # Y +g( .$'$D s&: C' ` * BC 46 $ N`;( ./ - * " D( 1905 @+ $; p$' R$!( - * E&8C* K8(4 " D =' 150 $; $'$D ' . #`* 6 &a Q ) # L C<( D&Q ^Z c' € ; V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^T &] s$! & $2 X ^T s&3 s$! V& $2 X 90 $; '( .V:&] ' :R 50( !%R 27 B+ ERB * ' *2 .V:&] !%R 29 ^T B+ :&U R(B c' € ; V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 L! Y^D p$' $ <$ ' ' B [ ]%4 # E&b R# B!$( -29 62+ ) 'D` ` # L s/ 62+ (’&1 "X 6 -$/ $X B'# .J*U 6+& B -C : " +$*1 EB+ '" :1903 # ]D -$ J$' )JW* 7
.741 E&' )%&' 42 (-R$`D \`* E%R ‰$ ) 1921 ) .$D(R &T :e39( s39 - &Z )ERS* -R$` $ ; E&X/ &a 43 . B 7=: " A&T 2 ' @ :$ # p$'2 B$] (šB3B) ‹$X - BX* " _ ._ '* w ( 44 Major E.B. Wilkinson, Itinerary, “El Obeid to Dar El Jange” (1902) in E. Gleichen, The Anglo-Egyptian .Sudan: A Compendium Prepared by Officers of the Sudan Government, Vol. II (1905). SPLM/A FE 2/15 .O>+ 33 ] )_ 2 ( 45 .(R%$#(&X) 6/108 )2009 7 &D/-` 21 )&S * 46 "+ >'( 47". 'D` ` # L s/ -$#Z $X € ; )^SD s&C R>D # &* ‚( # $ D YD 62+" LC1] s(% J$X +? - W R p )&Tt JW 48".Y U # 7W "( Y -4 ) : 6 6C` ./ Y @B ` 7L` " -30 ( 7<#4 =>P AB $' J Z w ' 1 5/X &4 _ ( ) $ C D :&U R(B 2 *+B E&8C* ]( E&8C* Œ1 - 5 .J Z / 3% 5/X )_ C W Cc: R S LS: 7D )N` # D ER$!$ ` D&Q( *U( ‰$ " ER+ ) 2M & 3 K&c4 D X R#( =&T R "+ E%+ ( B D (B -$' L # ' ER+ K(&‰ # =W ' -0UD ) (B )‘(& * J` -ƒ# D( 49. S' O/ # OP(1 q ' /( ) R4 " 6R 7<#4 -$ * B: ( R " L ( 7X 3% * $ )Œ+? J $( *1 S BCD E%$M " ER 62+ E(>+ ) D " " 1 > BD L % Z )>] * ' L <(&C* R4 ' 62+ L%B: 3%( ) C!&* (* # D ) Š ' $ 62+ *( $*] ' & D :$ 6 &a 5 " O$$' $4 J‡$'• 6 ; L: " !&T( & ` Y 7*•! " 62+ J Z " :$ * _ 7 2C # A$ `* / - $ $: " * 7X •^: O($ ( .N` # <' +&`D BC ER$1D 6C 012 - L 2+ -X B'# D $b$ & 3 $ *D T $ P?C - L " 3%( -31 V& 5 # A%( 50.CU x 1/ CU X& \M (BL] " / R$LU R 6 p$' B I CD LL!( L -4 R(R& $L# .V D * : . & 3( VR(R& & 3 $( . L @ %&•X 7D ^: B• L CU x 1/ CU X& (& -0UD %S Y&* :$ - ;&8 J Z s&< " A% )( )4 S * : . › Z] E&X 6 R D 2 : - B B (1905 $) " C @+ 6 ~$!&D <* K&c LD R $U R4 2C Q 4 )V b( .2005 @+ E B : 62+ 1 A$ " D R(B; & 1 -4 $' L$X 3% )~? BCD 2M - J; .0D " * ( 0 # V 3 2C ) Z % C:( bƒD 2 ,=' M' & 3( =W @ " ‰$ "+ E%R8 @B: R4 $W * ' L -$ / # ' O/LD -$#& C Y&Z - :$( . 2M & 3 Wb K&c "
47 .Appendix E to the Sudan Intelligence Report No. 104 of March 1903, p. 19 Kordofan Monthly Diary, 1940, p. 2, cited in ABC Report Appendix 5.13, p. 201 as follows: “Summary of 48 .Information: Kwal Arop is suspected of encouraging the Dinka to build houses among the Homr in the winter.” Legal Status of Eastern Greenland, PCIJ Series A/B No. 53, Judgment of 5 April 1933, p. 46 (noting that “[i]t is 49 impossible to read the records of decisions in cases as to territorial sovereignty without observing that in many cases the tribunal has been satisfied with very little in the way of the actual exercise of sovereign rights, provided the other State could not make out a superior claim”); Case Concerning Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh,Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore), Judgment, 23 May 2008, para. 67 (noting that “international law is satisfied with varying degrees in the display of State authority, depending on the specific circumstances of each case”). .1246 6 1237 " ]$ )%&' 50 ( ).$] 7 BD /T4 6 -$L I : * L2 2C " &Tt <$ # L 51)J1* .^'# CU x 1/ CU X& R$L] 7 R & 3 L *% ./ $ 62+ D ' * D&Q( :&U R(B -ƒ# 2+( -32 ( " 9 ER* " 2 E&' # L 2+ › $M* _ '* N`; 22C B: ( * 2:g L >( (B ER -0UD L2 &MD L*L# Q L 7 2C - )@& ; 7 D )! J>T "( .s& ( @>` %&: L 2+ @$' " :$ * 7 2C q ' #$ ` *U R(B 2 D( D&Q( :&U R(B 2 ‚$ T w Z * # › e @ B! )L L _ ' N`; ) L .L $ L P(1 $( ) b>W R(B X& U* $' ' 0` 6 R$+ )\ <$ Y # 3% B D -33 " 5/D ,2C ( Y&Z Œ= L J D( V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^T $# . >' 0` "&B # ! &8# &4 $ CD95 &: !B 5 10 < &# ? -3F4 *&8 9&: 5 G; ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^T B %C 3% )V* \<$ " _ -34 # VB B! T ( :$ # Y&Z ^Z B X0 R&1 ^Z 5 -X 52)V*] & $2 X 20 $ D( &U # & $2 X 70 $ D &M Z ^Z B # 53.O&$! ) +$ & Q * & Q L # \M ' " ,' NCM " .s&Q # $'C*( )J$'C* " 7L# " D%' " B B1 J$ T -X ), * sD " " •*] ^T "+ € B # %&* )%&' # qB' R%•( ^T 6 D&3 :&U B ^T 7'D )5] -(R " BM: & 3 "+( )/ " 4( -35 ' * q4 %L )&Tt (c +) ^T 6 V:&] D&Q B 7'( B B! (c +) % L 2*+ #( .>8 ' q p -X - )V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^Z Z& B ' 62+ & – <&C( $ ‚$ Z % A&T E& " 62+ <%4 EP ;" E& LU %CD p%*` D * )1878 @C " &D &** 54 K(&a ( Y] # :$ U ( - )(prises de possession sur le papier)"%$ L -$*+? 1878 &* $<$ " 7:4 62+ " ( . 2' :$* ( 2 * R(B " C B+ o &C( J$ ‚$ T" - * * †;> / ( . 2: VR(B; -$*&
“Because the initial presentations of the GOS and SPLM/A, along with :11 M ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' 51 the oral testimony of the two communities, largely contradicted each other, and did not conclusively prove either side’s position, the ABC experts set out to obtain as much evidence as they could from archives and other sources in Sudan, the .United Kingdom, South Africa and Ethiopia.” .696 E&' )%&' 52 Q2 %&' $ " (3) () ~& # @BZ ` L - 6 E%]g %B1( . ' O/ J$; -$*`' 234 YS+ - :$ 53 .Y&Z ^T " &M: ^Z 5 -4 *U ^Z BX - L2 " * )@& ; 7 D .(2)(s) # D$1 ^Z2 LBZ ` B X0 Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon v Nigeria: Equatorial Guinea # &X• 54 intervening), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2002, p. 303, Separate Opinion of Judge Al-Khasawneh, at p. 499, para. 7 (d). # 5/X LD K& +( (B L( X * 7: " *=> K(&‰ # 2*C B: 62+ VYD D&Q( :&U R(B B B ,=> "" - A&( )55" @C (B -$' ( X *2 L # ,=> " -$ K(&‰ '; p -$ B: .56"J$ R(B; # * ' ` c$ T (B )o &C( J$ ‚$ T q 62+ R(B & (B ) 2: ' * & L &` *L*D L 2•X B:( .(‚'g N`;) ^=&Z aC .‚$ Z O/LD /T4 =>* " L # A% ; O/L# 6M:4 B W \<( 7' ` 7 R . B!$ " (&: Y&Z - &X/• ( -36 )5 " BD 57."V *$ $BZ ( p$' Lc$ ' *2 D&Q *U #&Q1 #( %Rg ,=b$ # %]( &] "+ $W D" Y&Z - L &X ^T 7S# BD % 7! " – B; Lc$ ` " P$' ' -$X – &U # 7<#4 =>P JD & Z * s&Q (58".K(&a O/ # + ~#B " * J$' $ 2C# Y&Z 62+ -X ./ B ;$ \ M( \ M YU -X K(&a O/ ^Z %) Y&Z 7 2C # \<$ I : L Œ+? .^Z & R4 X @BCD /LD L X 7D )(6M:4 *U ^Z W \<( 7 R . R$!( @BCD %&:g # /X( %Rg ,=b$ # %]( &] "+" € 0D 8( ./ 7 2C !%R 10 ^T % TD ,2C * # Y&Z 7 2C" - 6 M2T( 59" &U #&Q1 " JB12 2D: &WX Y] 60". L .% N`; 7X( J$'C 7 2C V*] ,=:R 10( &UD #&Q!( -$ %R -$‰$ %BM %] 62+ *=: L2 D 2*C# . $'* O/ o S# q ' / - :$( .K(&a O/ # + ~#B " * ^T 7S# % 7! " 7 `* " .5 L Q ( 5/D 7' - $ ; .4 " * ( R(B % # B B!( 10 ^T " Y?!4 52 62+ ' " %]g" O/ LC BC s4 L# KBL EB;( - :$( .VD&3( V:&] ' * " C : V*] ,=:R 10( !%R ^ZD c + Y&Z *% ^T "+ o C `• B+( c`D 7 D %L 7 2C / # 7 UD B`1 " Z2 c + - EB ;$ 1 -ƒ# )c + L *% .7X " CU " D 78 B - p$' B X0" - 6 Y&Z & U )5 62+ E(>+( -37 ( 61"a \` Y&!ƒD O% T Q J? J$: $ *L D 28 P$' ' $ 2+ 2W4 J( " "*2+ 7 2 " 62+ Y&Z ;>8" @$' - o (&* " -X 5 )L#& + N`; )P$' # O’&! "Q J? " -X \`* / - 3%( , :B \`* ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^T B+ ' * B B # 5 3% S* " LC* 5 -ƒ# .I : * 7 2C \S A&T E& .V*]
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Arbitral Award of 31 July 1989 (Guinea-Bissau v. Senegal), I.C.J. Reports 1991, p. 53, Dissenting Opinion of 71 .Judge Weeramantry, at p. 168. .KS B X0 .` !&* 72 Aerial Incident of 10 August 1999 (Pakistan v. India), Jurisdiction, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2000, p. 12, 73 .Dissenting Opinion of Judge Al-Khasawneh, supra note 65, at p. 55, para. 30. Arbitral Award of 31 July 1989 (Guinea-Bissau v. Senegal), I.C.J. Reports 1991, p. 53, Dissenting Opinion of 74 .Judge Weeramantry, at p. 169. .O>+ 72 ] 75 the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Decision on Delimitation of 13 April 2002, )JW* 7 62+ &a 76 " :&U( D&Q( 6 $ + ' 62+ 1908( 1902( )1900 z % D 2 Z %*C BC 'c € ; )(2002) 41 ILM 1057, .$ 62+ )R(B )1989 $ /P$* 31 z % D %RM * %&'D '2C * S' # 2 Z* & 1* )JW* 7 62+ &a 77 .O>+ 71 ] .&1 2*C " OR&*D Y?! . ~ : " * .J‡$ • $ C =W .A&T Y?! -> D "2C• ( R(B " Y?! I CD $1 € D R(B & L!$*D "F /PPN Q (. :% &' =;/ H N H& -3) ) (4 a;>* sD " .P$' ' # X& U* $' 0` 6 -y R$+ -52 !%R 10 ^T -0UD Y&Z %&: YQ # L2 2C L - 6 E%]g Q $' ' " @$L 62+ V*] ' :R 22( !%R 10 ^T( V*] ' :R 35( 7 R . p " )Y&Z &a #" $( [2 Z 7 2C 62+ *( )" X& U* )V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 o &C ^T J*] *=B c$ `* O/ R$!( 62+ c: 10 o &C ^T Y%( )5 3% J*U O1 # D ' B B* N L# NCM " . @* 7<#4 =>P( ' •B! )E& J(4( .78"V*] ' :R 22( !%R % C* $ /L# )5 & 3 ( Y&Z .% # Y$) c: 7 R .4 R$!( :$# ' :R 22( !%R 10 ^T 6 ^Z B B* N .4 R$!( ># )( L B* + ./ .V*] " 6R B; 62+ œ B % )" c' 7 B" % C , - Q B D -53 *# )7 R . p 7L# . 4 $' 7D' # $W $' $L 62+ )` # -#R&X # K&C( -$' " Y?! 7 U -X @$L* / - 62+ ) c: 7 R 5D Y&! " ()2 ER* N!$*D +$* L 7 •-X "P . # 6 ; ( @C * ) $' % #• " * )J; . 62+ •V'; @$L* / R$!( AB "+ & ^`D 7 R -(BD C : ( o % # L: ( c`D R$!( o & • - )L N &Q -$' # %PD !& )$$3 p%B] %$` #(& $( )Y&Z B; - J'• . b 0U € ; ) ' &# - B D . # 5] 6R .B _ ( 79)<%4D ,2C * ' ) +$ C( E%: )J'• *`; $W $' 7D' 4 $' @$L & &*C ` )@$L* 5/ @$+? &Tt 0U ( ) 'D` & &*C `*( $+B N . p _ 5 62+ E(>+( .E& Q * 2 * RC "+ J?C*D ` ( ,2C .$ t -$: R$!( " &WX R$!$ <%4D V'2C ' &# $: -0D R' + 6 .<%4D -X *+ ) ; * R%$*( "? R$ : # )J’` 7'C " + " / -54 )@$L* / -4 ; J’` / .R$!( . 4( $W $' 2 @$L*2 -4 ) %Rg R(B "+ 2Z 2 %&* 7 ] ./ $ )L` Y&Z N`;
.KS B X0 .693 E&' )%&' 78 .236 ] )OR &a 79 @* D V'D -$ - -X ( 'D " B!•( -$ B: *X .%R B; ." 7TB " / " $+& ( " * '* " +%?* +*1 <%4 @BZ $'; R(B; 80" +*1 " D 7M $*2 %$ s 3 # L!(( L:$'; # 2W* * *! # , 2 `* *D%( NC84 *L* - 3%( -55 *`; )<%4 $';( - # L D * # 7TB 2: +*! " D R(B % 6 ~$!& 6 Y&ZD .R - o (&* " -X <( ' '; )5/D Y&Z &X 62+ Y&Z \ ) 2' R(B % 2+ ./ o $*QD ` ) 284 L ( Y&Z " D B:( .<%4 $'; " ~$ b>b O$‰ q 62+ R(B B B ( : $ 62+ @$L* /L L*L# *LBZ ( o %4 # *L:$';( )" +*1 - " DW & ` # "" {>b R$!( - R +* ! ' '; $ 1905 @+ # B= -X - p%R o %• : <%4 @BZ ( <%4 $';( )- / " ` =% # @BZ ( <%4 # +*1 $';( - ”1‘ $' $ .0D \*`• € D +*1 O/ R&# 7: " " &MT" MD <%• • +*1 R&# & 3 6 <%4 @BZ # $b " <%4 @BZ ( <%4 # +*1 $';( ) - ”2‘ q 62+ <%4 @BZ # ER(B $'; s` XD +*1 O/ R&# & Q ‘*` •" $W"( " 4" $' e$* $( – C ' & # # ( *$ 7: " "p& U .$b" q 62+ <%4 @BZ ( <%4 # $';( - ”3‘ ~P * ' *" 6+B – L D "R(B " 2C 2:g 7TR &WX ( " +*! R&# 81."P$'" ' ( "L 5 o %4" ( :"L 2+ & 3 O%$ XR ;(&c" :* " %BM*D Y&Z BLU ` ) $'* O/ B 0 ( -56 83)s &X 3 [ 0 " -R$` "+ s X( 82B C ^ B+ RB+ " "E%$U $ 62+ %B $'; [M ) 2+ C2c - KR8 ./ )& T4 w / -57 : ._ [ &C $ %B $' C(( [ &C R ..."
.”1‘ B 3 E&' )2 7 / )W Y?1 ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' 80 .6 E&' )2 7 / )W Y?1 ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' 81 Abdalbaset Saeed, “The State and socioeconomic transformation in the Sudan: The case of social conflict in 82 " 10 ] # &X• .Southwest Kurdufan”, unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Connecticut, USA, 1982, p. 128. .25 M ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' 2 7 / Gaim Kibreab, State Intervention and the Environment in Sudan, 1889-1989: the Demise of Communal Resource 83 " ]$ # &X• .Management,( NY/Lewiston/Queenston/Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press, 2002), pp. 21-23, 45-52, Ch. 3. .25 M ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' 2 7 / " 13 6 11 $';"J #&C( .B 2' @$L* -0UD $U R4 " & W * BC# )_ KŠ&+ ) Cc'*( :4 2 " R4 +B #( $2C *! BCD( )"%B 62+ %B $'; )1953( 1944 " D -R$` # C * * # V <: -X ./ : $ )%B $'; - 2' )"%BD '2C *" $' O/ 2*U " D - 2+ -X $‘ & * )ER ` , X V &' )L* %B e%T *=: $ ; B!$ € ; :BD 7;& ; # & R(B - $ (B2 RC ER ` " D( L D B ;$ +$<$* %B $'; -ƒ# )-R$` # J $ *2W ) *=: $ ; p -$ * ; .7: $' 7W* ).RC 7*C `* $'; & 3 "( .L 2+ (B E& # &M :2 * # LD 2+ ` =& # , ( )•R% ( %B # +&( '` 7! " YD&Q J$TR J$: # , .J$TB / 62+ ‚(&] o &# .%B # *=R c$ ` YD # , . +%? # , . * B: %Dt Y ;( EB B! %Dt &; # , .E%1 ( %1]4 (( )E%' # , J$TBD L \* " / YD&Q " w 2Z ` - %B N;M , # ) +%? 0# R&# " LM2Z ` *X – +&UD #(&C* – +%?D '2C * L 2' @$& ”. 2 : $D B; B* ) & U 2 : z ] ) &‰ 6 2c )B * 2*+ J>T( [ X( %B $' Y*+P( " +%?* %Q8( )7;& E+& %$M [M - )" ./ [ &C 2 'D %B $' &C Y1# .z % &+ & Q( * O/ &* 84".VUB 'D _ C<( # )7: " % *X ) 2* 7W* " s &X J$' s " &Tt <$ #( -58 * ( R%$* 6 J$8$ " 0 * ?*D * 62+ " &Ty E%B: " B 2 X p$' - " )%$X/* ‘& / " 78$ " C ./ e - .85"LD B D .^'# +& # $b $'; L X &* - $ )W ~$ " $'; L X" :A&T E& -$` X "+ >' / ( ._XC* O1 6 & U 2*1 # 7 B - 72` 6 ; )( .86"& ' *D )s$1 O1 # p& U* +&2 ' ' ' *
.22 M )O>+ 83 ] )s &X 84 .85 M )O>+ 83 ] )s &X 85 .190 M )-R$` $ ; E&X/ )6 E&' # )2008 &*` R/J(4 -$X 3 )-$` X - %$` #(& ERL] 86 $+R )V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^T B+ & ' * C$ & ` I CD ' &+ VD$! [&* .] $2' " :2 L M # J$' -$` X - [ < :&( s&C & D * ' * ( •& 6+B ' 6 CU 2& P$' 5 " – +$ & M: $* - +*1 U C p" :>=: [ S ( 87."Y:%? E+% " 2: YW D ) B -X )$* / # ."[ S( [ S*" :>+ " 88"J;& " BD *$* E&1L " ^* %c # s$1 O1 # %R3 " )JP* :>=: 5/X [ S ( p & ' aC #” (19 M) D X # 5 6 &] *X" aC # s&C & D s$! LC : -$U C B -X -( ) B2 *=R c$ ` " -g -$2 $X &* - ^: % .‘& ' &* L # "c$ ` :(4 89."p %(P L` -(& $$ ( )& ' 6 Y1* 7! " B C:$ ,c* 7*U &* %R - 6 & U &T 6 -$` X !& ( -59 I CD 5 7: *D%( `*Z 2 # B=` <$ $ / -X 90.&L s$! # " R$!$ $X 1905 #( s&C & D 6 s&: $X B'# p$' B ):$ .(& D @ :&D &L 5 # ' 2 ./ €2W* K>ZD o % . L " &* -0D 'D` a;> S -$` X \<$ ( -60 :>=: B %$M . &* AB " )s " 147( 146 " M # &X *X" L$BZ ` +&* *! -(BC $X B'# .+&* # +*! ( .R&# $: , 91" ; ( L ;$ ) + o % Y Ot% * # &* 2 $W $' ( p$'2 4 $' & " -X / -61 7W 1905 $; E& # # -X " " :&* Y "( 92.%R L -(&Tt -$:&( *]( & X &L 62+ LC*1 [8(( 1909 @+ Y ] # p$' B %P ./ _ 2 ( ( $'$ 7W )s&C " -$0 € ; 6 V*] LC : -(/T0 p$' - a;> )^'# . * R(B w Z * # [Z .% :$ # s &X - S N1C +(R "( -62 :J$' s&C & D *
.KS B X0 .` !&* 87 .9 E&' )` !&* 88 .KS B X0 .` !&* 89 .` !&* 90 .10 E&' )2008 &*` R/J(4 -$X 3 )-$` X - %$` #(& ERL] 91 7) ' o %4 -$: 6+B *D :>+ %B $'; 78 - " Y&Z 7 2C # ,2 * KZ AB e " * 92 &U # EB=` 6(4 >g %** ( "%$( >g 1$# 2 " *( )(•.$ t &Tt( ' &# o % -$: B!$ “the notion of dar rights was never applied :2 123 M # 85 ] K s &X N X 5 62+ E(>+( .6 $ t( ^(4 .KS B X0 .to the southern Sudanese people”. -X )1$ 2* Y1 ' %B $'; - J' € ; -R$` J*] K>ZD" ‘>M a "+( B( & $ C] #'b "+ &3 -R$` s$! # %B @$L `D R(B BC ) Q 2D E%+ # -$`$! : * :( )5 6 #< .<%4 93"”B; -(BD R(B; - L# :&Tt # @a ŒB € ; ' ' ...‘ C* 1* O/L :>=: 5/X s &X [ S ( -63 & 3 ^=&Z 62+ * ER&1* *$ ‚$ Z BC )7=' 6 `D" )%L• %1 7 ] # C D *( )N` # %$Qb R(B # -(& L# .6C - # N` $ /( .&L A&1 $ C c B; &X( .J> ( J! ( )E& X %1]( J> ;g ER+ BCD( J> ;g ER+ 7: E& # # )$X s$1( J*U 7=: " >X 7='( *U 7=' D 78 C B s&C & D # -(& ):$ I C 94". D$1 5 " BD L .L ( # $' ) C AB &L ] -X Y&Z $ -64 -( R$!$ & 3 $ s &X s X " $!&Z ` - $(;( R$!$ $ $21 4 $' 2 " $' ] " $L* "+ ~#B2 D Œ !& 7 ] # O$B' .W( J(4 L +$D &* YD @B+( &=a ( ‹$X• p$' YD -X L# 0`* -65 O/ -0D & X/ Q B # .L o %4 # 2 Z :$'; B; # C 5/ .A&T L! " " * '* " +%?* " +*!( L! " " L= 7;% S: ` S' 62+ )1912 @C -#R&X s # .7;% ( E+% L 62+ B( &* " 7X [8•( B'# ]* " E& X VC : -$ 2 * E+& " C]" L$ D B [M )JW* 7 +%? q%* *>X( " D% * E+& " 7=: "+ E%+ " CU >X( 95."EB 1 E%/( "TB " D & - "‰ ( .YS E%/ &Ty( "TB ~%? *B; : =B * Z( – (96 : -X ‹$X4 " SCD - 6 %] *b) – ‹$ " D ( YS O/ Z EB *D ,D$` ( B* ># .o %4 $'; # I : / 6 .R - Q & " 5 62+ N& ( o %4 $'; \* V x C ^* # " #> T" &* " - &X * ; -$` D (BLU L` Y&Z - :$( . * 2:g R(B 2 ~$!& 6 -$C` C * Z :$*D B B] ‚% %&•M " ( *=R "X` -$ 2* 97". BCD L
Kibreab, supra note 83, at p. 65, (citing D. Johnson, ‘Tribal Boundaries and border wars: Nuer-Dinka relations in 93 .KS B X0 .the Sobat and Zaraf valleys, c. 1860-1976’, Journal of African History 23 (1982): 202, 183-203). ER+ bB;( .KS B X0 .Gaim Kibreab, State Intervention and the Environment in Sudan 1889-1989, p. 83. 94 .37 M )J(4 Y?1 ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' &a :1898-1896 E& # J> ; .245 M # )166 ] OR )J( S &a .29 ] O>+ &a 95 .76 E&' )OR &a 96 .161 M )W Y?1 ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' 97 A&! )7 -X *X w 2Z "` ./ &* & `* R$!( -ƒ# / ( -66 6 ) $W/ 4 $' e$* &+ )L? J>T " 5 " BD C 7C Y] " L ] +&D L \*`• )L<% # W !%B " " c$* A$ ` " ( . ;&8 7 D & •( R(R& )[4 )& &' " Y?1 / - A% .5 & 3 W 7 R . # *+R B1 ` $' ] B* / -ƒ# )5 "+ &a K&MD 98.-#R&X # K&C ( -$' " Y?! BD " .-#R&X 62+ : 2D: ( OR$!( ( 2: L$X) L $ Y&Z & ` $'C( 8 "+ &a K&MD( 5 ( @BC# ." $W/ 4 $' " " D ? * / 62+ =: 2 D & &' - 5] ( * 2: 2D: @B+( •&X - , ./ )e$* / +B !&* q : EY ( R4 R$!( 6 C#B %$ ) c: 7 BD OB 62+ E(>+ ) ? * C c( )-#R&X 62+ ' 8( N!$ 21 N C( ‹%M I : " # 7 2C <( ; R$!( e . ;>M P(1 D "; # Q :U / () $' -0UD <&+ =S: E& # (B * 8 SD %&' w MT -67 . B 2' $' 62+ * 2:g & Q &b -0UD \<( @+ e 6 w 2Z ( ) B 2' R(B & D E&b0 & 3 7a - A&• ER+ B 2' $' " - 6 L & U & 3( – V 8 / -X ( 99."5 K>T 62+ w \ &8 B!$ ) * 2:g & BCD +& $'; Y'D ` 0`*# .5 KBL ˆ Z ƒ# – * . q Y+R 62+ =: * 2:g R(B & - 0`* 7D . * 2:g R(B C* ' * # L:$'; )p$' B ) +*! - $( " #& B; O+R Y?! (& * # $b $' D * R&1 6 ) & `* )A&T4 +*1 ?• * D 7 C 1L /Z • ( & & 2 D Œ • ) ‰$ € ; " ) CD ? * $ .%R " # 7' ( +& # , D '2C * *2 -ƒ# )5 62+ E(>+( . 2' R(B & *2X L 62+ &‡`• D J$X$(&D " 3-1-1 ~& # L 2+ › $M* D ' *! )B;( $* $( )c$ D /Z " 7 # .5/X & ` " * ( B ' # E(`* * )-`g $'; & C( (B -$' B+$: L*S $' 100.$' 52 D * w Z * # 2C* <" K#P " & #P V &#W :% &' =;/ H F H& -3P5P X <
.83 M # )93 ] O>+ )s &X 98 .766 E&' )%&' 99 B* $' D › Z (B BLC " (1)2 ER*( •-`g $' *C ->+g " 2 ER* )› $MZ !( 62+ &a 100 " 3 ER*( •(1986 & &#/‚] 18 # L # #&c -R$` \8 ./) s$CU( -`g $' ' W * " 2 ER*( • `( " 2( 1 " R* &a " ( )E& T4 : 62+ -R$` BM ( . 2'( 284 s$CUD '2C * 169 :% (B 7*C *a : B* + B:( .2007 &* /J$2 13 z % D %RM 295/61 C C*1 %&'D ,#&* ) 284 s$CU $' D › Z EB * 4 ->+ ) &X( )-1 D% )(& R ) $M "+ (R 11 ~ ( (EB * $( BP$ ( )BX( ) & ) 4 7D' (R 144 230D .( & 1 ) X ) $$X )$8 ) !%$! ).B(%$D )-$D )x R>QD $W/ 4 $' e$* @$L 22; )[Z* .& / " 5 Y?1 # -68 " D :>C2 *‰ -X ( -#R&X # K&C( -$' " Y?! ^: " D( .&* ( p$' %&* o & # $( :Y&Z 7 2C 2+ @: -b B 6 -y R$+ -69 ( `*Z [M 6 1905 @+ $; " & ' # p$' B R$!( .J*U O1 # p$' B2 6M:4 $ E& # 7W* $( ) ` 2 6 ; ;>M ? B N2'D )z % 2 ` C EY&' ' 6 ˆ1• Y+R / bg( %RM( _ ( -$` X &! >D'*D BLU )/ ( .N'+ 62+ % Y&Z %RM " :& J$: 62+ ` :( ` e%T ( 2 & 3 # RLU A&T " 2M Y?!4 o &C `• )L *4 V&a( .1905 $; 6 LZ % !& A&T %RM*( (& &' o &+ #( $'* ?!$ # ER%$ Y+R) Y&Z & &' $( ) =:$2 & B' 0` R&1 _ &4 - " 6 ; >M <&C L B• ‹%8 @BZ Y$ $ *( ),=' 2 M' * L1 & B' 6 ERC # p& • - Q .E? ' & D C 1 bg R• 2!( :2 *X M( 8 Y+R # Y&Z & &' " 2M ( Y?1 R& -70 Z U L 2*C ( L c$ 6 ' * # %&* p X :8 Y+R" p$' " D \2`* ~? NU B+ )1965( 1905 " D & Q ( p$' B 101.(CU x 1/ CU X& o &+( p$'2 $U ERLU) & `*( !$ ; % &' IB -1 :2 O(B+ ./ " $'* ?!$" # Y&Z &X -71 O/LD " *2* › Z]4 ERL] L V#S =W E& %Rg ,=b$ W" # p$' B c$ `* %&* 5 X =W L # ' * 102".J$1 / Y:%? :&( )(> :%( )(& D @( )& X/s&C & D ' : 7 B Y&Z &X/ )L E&' #( -72 c$ ` -" _ 2 ( ..q -#R&X # $ ; J$ ` N X 1909 # V>W" E& X #` 6 B B $ -( (s&C & D) K&1 J$c 62+ B!( p$' B %&* p X 0D c: $ 62+ _ 7 &X/ . :(4 " :( # V*] P! -$` X - -X 5/X .=W E& # L 6 ; p$' B c$ `* 'D *=B Lc$ ` 62+ p$' B L # †#; 6 C ' * - &X B+ # p$' B( &* & `* " D @&* \2M #( . $` & 62+ *X :&” # LX` 6 p$' B R$C - 62+ " #& >X , 1965 q%/%t
.19 M )J(4 Y?1 ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' 101 .19 M )J(4 Y?1 ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' 102 & 3 J$8$ &; s&C2 -$ -( ‘L # x C (R + 6 A&T4 "X4( Y:%? 103".J ' ~B 7: L 2+ -(RR& $X 6 :& #X 6 B '* ./ Y+R B O>+ E&' # E%$X/* R4 - " )R 7 UD &a B+ -73 .OR %RM* O/ " %BM 7X o &C ` ( .2! " ' 1909 Z[;" . .Y () J$ ` N X 1909 #" Y&Z J$: BC )%$X/* J(4 JW*D ,2C * # -74 K&1 J$c 62+ B!( p$' B c$ ` -" _ 2 ( ..q -#R&X # $ ; $: " :(4 " :( # V*] E& X #` 6 B B $ -( (s&C & D) ._ 2 ( & &' *S :BD B`1 ( : e%T $T0 4 >2S :2 *X B _ 2 ( X )p$' BD ,2C * #( -75 X( . &: 7 b>b ( " ? " *D% A&: B!$ K&1 J$c 62+" $ D A&T4 " EB;$ BC * B' s(% &: B+ E%C 62+ LB] A&' 104"." 1 " K&1 J$c 62+ &* ` L 7 :( )7 b LC* 1( B p$2 -0UD a;>* I CD _ 2 ( ABD ) <$* #( -76 " t L$` J*U # ' 6M: 6 p$' N/ % 4 B CD" †; ( o $C %U N`D ) : A&: -$* ' p( •( * ( $'$) s&C B p& )o $C 2:( O * s$S B+" 6 BCD * # _ 2 ( %]( 105".5] N=%P L2TBD %P R&1 " [0 ( & W D * a 7: L* Z BC( :K&1 O1 # &X )& 3( +* ! RC -0UD A&T a;> BCD( 106". '2 ^D&( E& Q8 :J:( & _ 2 ( •& LU +1* @+ # L 2+ $2M; L Œ ( .B C " " C RB+ B2" B B:( •B; L % X -( ) D$ " *D%() & $( ' P& " " &TžD Y!( 107."( :(4 " :( # V*] E& X #` 6 B $ $ L B "J*U ;" ' * 1909 @+ O& &' # _ 2 ( RB -77 " .&U+ "W -&' "+ *D% {B -X :$( ) P E& # . RB; ( B #" E%+ ) % N`; )@BZ ` " 1905 @+ "+ 1909 @+ {B MZ] - 5]
.19 M )J(4 Y?1 ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' 103 C.A. Willis, “Notes on the Western Kordofan Dinkas”, Sudan Intelligence Report No. 178, May 1908, Appendix C, 104 .p. 16, at p. 17. .` !&* 105 C.A. Willis, “Notes on the Western Kordofan Dinkas”, Sudan Intelligence Report No. 178, May 1908, 106 .Appendix C, p. 16, at p. 17. C.A. Willis, “Notes on the Western Kordofan Dinkas”, Sudan Intelligence Report No. 178, May 1908, Appendix C, 107 .p. 16, at p. 17. p$' B R$!( %&* Y&* Œ ` 7 BD _ C : / ." :(4 " :( .1965 6 1905 " *=R c$ ` # 2005 Z['/ ^ = " _ (]) 0D c: $ 62+ _ 7 &X/ " € ; $'* ?!$ # R%$ J$' - -78 .72S J$: "=W E& # L 6 ; p$' B c$ `* %&* p X $ /% 21 # _ EB `( B ` &! 2D'*D '2C * Y&Z ' b( # # ER%$ 2005 # %&* p X *+ 7 B+ s1 gD _ s!" :2 3-4 ="b# &X/• Y] ( ? E& "+ &X/• Y] ># 108."p$' B2 *=B c$ `* B2 *=B c$ `* # %&* R$!$D J$' -ƒ# / .=W L "+ C : $: -X *L ) c$ `* 52 B B . 6 ( ? E& 6 E%] . -(R )p$' .D RB + " * € D $*C # c& $: 7a )VB X 2005 Z< " W&' (() - &X B+ 5/X P! -X -$` X - - " $'* ?!$ # R%( -79 & 62+ *X 'D *=B Lc$ ` 62+ p$' B L # †#; 6 C ' * -0UD Y&Z ' b( " 3-4 7 / # !( 7 UD R%( .S 72S J$: $ " $` :-$` X - L 2D' *X *=B Lc$ ` 62+ p$' B L # †#; C ' * - B X" s&C & D J$c 62+( )( $; B2 E& WX A&: p X . $` & 62+ .S &U O1 #( ) * O1 # )&* Y1 7: Y:%? :& &L J$c 62+ $]+ B - B! R%$ "( A$W (/Z( Y:%? :& $c$ *D%( &* 7: p $X L q 62+ 109". !$$ :E&] -$` X R&D Y&Z BLU ` b -80 – 2 $c E& *X 2‰ Lc$ ` - C B "X`* R* C -" . BL* ; L ( )" &UC -&' BD " *D% V` V>!% " .&* 7: Y:%? :& &L K< 62+ $X B - 2: - (B ) . 2t & 3 ) D>1 E& # # ) BL* 7: X :& ' - J$' &* " 110"(\!%4 & 3 " 5
.KS B X0 .159 M )W Y?1 ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' 108 -&' "+ *D% 2 B: -$` X %$` #(& - (B ( .KS B X0 .162 M )W Y?1 ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' 109 .OR 216 ] )-$` X %$` #(& ERL] &a :&U+ -&' 2 ( &U+ "W 7 R ) ' b$ O/ # %U $ *X )-$` X %$` #(& 7 R - †;> B: -81 *X 2‰ - > " C ' *" . D RB + " * € D $*C # ‚& B2 E& WX A&:" 6 ERB & 3 %CD $* 2*1 & U( ." $` & 62+" ( -X ƒ# . ' * R(B; " C -(R " * O1 # s&C & D J$c 62+( )( $; . D BX 5 -ƒ# )YU I CD D B &] D$! )$ $+B* - * $ -ƒ# )5 62+ E(>+( .Y:%? :& ' # 1965 6 1905 " B!•( %&* @BZ # )5 " _ C 62+ :_ B ` 7 R 7W "5/X P!" _ -$` X - 7 R &M )"\!%4 & 3 " 5 - (B "( )"*D%"( )"\!%4 "" 7 : " %+ .J* ; %+ # 2 R -$` X -&' # Y:%? :& K< 62+ " R$!$ p$' -$ B: 5 62+ E(>+( -82 N &'D &U+ "W -&' _ ( .s$1 O1 # BCD * # (R&c &* " &U+ "W .1905 @+ " $*C # c& Y&Z @ -$` X %$` #(&( _ B ` ERL] -ƒ# 2+( -83 .8 Y+R W - L * € D EB X & 3( 1965 Y / .^ Qe/ (5) p$' B " D 1965 q%/%t # @&* @>` $ %BM* / -84 :2 62+ 9 ER* # w ( . & `*( 2+ X 62+ C L ; 6 *L D :>C ER+ 62+ " #& >X , " "X4( Y:%? :& # LX` 6 B R$C - . •J ' 7: .R+ 78$ " -(RR& $X 6 :& #X 6 B '* & 3 J$8$ &; s&C2 -$ -( )A&T4 .J ' ~B 7: L 2+ 4 2` +* ! K&c 7X B'C - 62+ S " #& >X ,( 111". / R$D / ( :>C 7! " D # 2 * :2 /LD ,2C * # Y&Z J: )O>+ 5 6 & ] *X( -85 # LX` 6 p$' B R$C - 62+ " #& >X , 1965 q% #" &; s&C2 -$ -( ‘L # x C (R + 6 A&T4 "X4( Y:%? :&” 112".J ' ~B 7: L 2+ -(RR& $X 6 :& #X 6 B '* & 3 J$8$
.KS B X0 .162 M )W Y?1 ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' 110 “The First Peace Agreement Between The Misiriyya Humur And The Ngok Dinka, Concluded At Abyei, 111 March 3, 1965”, Appendix 12 to A.D. Saeed “The State And Socioeconomic Transformation In The Sudan: The Case Of Social Conflict In Southwest Kurdufan” (January 1, 1982), ETD Collection for University of Connecticut, .Paper AAI8213913. SPLM/A FE 18/30. .O>+ 103 ] ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' 112 " )1905 @+ " - %&* Y+R bg 7 B / 6 Y&Z B -86 62+ ^'# 7 R $ :1905 # Y:%? :&2 p$' B - 62+ > R _ / & 3 " )Y&Z : ./ B ;$ 7 B - B D .J ' ~B 7: R$!( - $( &8C & 3 .$b %BM $ (1905 # <$ "+ ] &X/ ./) 1965 ( .1982 6 LZ % R$C "B C ^ BC E%$U* & 3 O%$ XB ;(&c" a;> # Y&Z J$' .1966 @+ 6 & U *( 1905 @CD [ '* w ,2C :& &' - S $DD &‰ 6+R )1966 q%/%t # D # B'+ @>`2 &* #" E& J( O/( ...p %&' D p$'2 ‘*`D $2S " / &* 2 52 Y:%? :& 113".p$' o %0D K&C o %4 2 &* # ;&8 L # & `* +B L # & `* +B E& J(" '; -X 1966 @C @>` &* - o & # 6 ; -87 # R(B J$' / -ƒ# )"p$' o %0D K&C o %4 2 &* # ;&8 .( )R$'+ $ D 7' z % BCD )^'# 1966 @CD \<( 7 UD ^& $L# . !( / - b .:$ / # 0U -$ B: Y:%? :& ' 2 -0UD p$' +B Y+R R%$ " D( ."&* # ;&8" E%CD S ‚(&U ) 8 o & # )J$' ) @ &* # ;&8 5 $: Y$ )L 2 o %4 O/ -(BC $X & `* - # o %4 O/LD * 6 !; c`D 7 D L " :$ # J ' ~B 7: L( :$ # Y:%? :& ' -0D 2=' E& -ƒ# )5 62+ E(>+( .&* . 6 VD$! B * &* o % - 6 & U %RM* " =c 6# "p$' o %" :$ RB; ./ -$` 2 ( 7 R 7W )- + BU 7 R S o %C ( 114.s&C & D 115.1902 @+ # * @( J( ' # &* c$ ` % &' &"& / H D& %Ig -2 )7 M " B ?*D Y+R 7X -$( € ; )Y&Z & &' " ` =& Y?1 # -88 $U R4 ( Y&Z &X/ 116.8 Y+R B 0 # .190 M )W Y?1 ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' # &X• )Saeed, at p. 235 113 .OR 192 ] )Gleichen, )JW* 7 62+ &a 114 .OR 129 ] )Wilkinson 115 .BCD ( 41 M )J(4 Y?1 ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' 116 # -$` X( _ ) J>' 117."(3-4 ="b# c& 3-4 7 / # ER%$ -$` X( _ ERL] BC )O>+ 5 6 & ] *X( -89 .8 Y+R bg EB X & 3( ^2Z # :>=: Y&Z & &' S* ( @BZ ‚*( p$' 7=: c$ ` "+ 1L( 2 M [8( B _ " <% 6 %Rg % ?2 *$* D N`D )=W E& # J>T L <% -$X " D) ^'# K1 $* # ' * (%P " (`* - *D( .p$' 7=: R(B * [8$ -ƒ# )(13-5 7-5H;"b# # _ :7 &D/-` ( &*` R/J(4 K< 62+ ?X&* ( )K1 $* # p$' 7=: U "+ $ B &#$ * -0D 2+ 62+ $X " %Rg -0D B " &UC -&' BD / ;& : *b " ( .%L4 7 / # 1909 _ 2 ( )1903 -$) J*U 6 &WX B * p$' B 7=: <% +&( - ‚* 7C ( <Q # B*• + ./ q4 5 (B ( (13-5 7=' @C B* V U* )=W E& # # " %Rg " ';> J !4 J>T .118" 2' -c(4 Y ;ƒD 6 X . B <% $ D ,2C ># 1191903 @C ]D -$ & &' -90 BCD( 120"s(% - 2` o % 6 [ * @( J(# "] VD&3 b" :J$'D -$ xc O1 # D&Q J*U ;( )7;` R>D 6 VD$! p "" )5 -C : EB+ '" ) #&Q! ' . B B -(R )S -$ J:( .121" ' P&( " ."<* @C # s/ -$UZ $X € T )* s&C R>D # 6+& B2 -0D 2+ 62+ $X " %Rg - 6 E%] 7 U & &' / " L• - NCM -4 )V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^T s&: - 6 B * "p$' B <%" ._ 2 ( & &' 2 5/X( )$TR 62+ B &1 ./ - * "+ 2 & &' #" B p$' B "$" - " 1909 # _ 2 ( : - a;>* ' -91 " Y] . _ 2 ( &X/ .- * ( -? 6 ERB E%] -(BD 7 : "J*U O1 6 %] 5 " _ C 62+ :s&C & D " BCD V*] EB ** p$' B <% $'$) s&C " t L$` J*U # ' 6M: 6" B N/ % 4 B CD 122. : * Z ( A&: -$* ' € ; "( * ( .43 M )J(4 Y?1 ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' 117 .` !&* 118 Sudan Intelligence Report No. 104 (March 1903), Appendix E, p. 18. GoS Memorial, Annex 5, 119 .SPLM/A FE 1/21. .19 M )` !&* 120 .` !&* 121 .O>+ 106( 105 " ] &a 122 A$M' *U R(B W \<( 7 R . R$!( @B+ 6 Y&Z & U b -92 : $ 62+ $BZ ( p$' Lc$ ' *2 D&Q *U 6M:4 B W \<( 7' ` 7 R . -y 6 ; B!$ " R w =MT R$!( @B+ " -X( .V *$ $BZ ( p$' Lc$ ' *2 / & ( "+ =W E& # $‰$ b• - ' * @BZ 7TB( E? * " R4 I CD p - B D .(O>+ _ '* )1935 @C -$%B , 2C &a) B p$' R&c 7W :,c* I CD # &* ( p$' 7M ( -0UD %Rg ,=b$ p$'( &* * +P " N2 D )1932 @+ D$`; " B 7=: " & 3( p$'2 s(% J($X +? 1U Y+R( •(13-5 =". # ER%$ -$%B &X/) -5 ="b# # ER%$ 1940 -#R&X &L]) 1940 # &* ‚( # %&' 62+ L e(&Z " * 7 8 ( ` 6 -&' " $'* " - & 3 .(13 123." Cc: ! .0D /T B'# .VC : R$!$ ` " )%RM* AR&# # 7 8 w ' B: -93 a;>*D EBX ` L( * ) C* 1 %RM* 52 " -0D $: ! 78 "` # . #&‰ R S BX 7D )N` # -$` X %$` #(& BD 2' ` O1 # p$' J' ( )2TB ( =W R$!( 1 p$'( &* " D :>C # @+ # >8 ]D -$ 7: " 1905 $; BX & )"` 5 1 J*U # O? * 7L` @+ ^* p ) =&Z 71` # .1909 @+ S _ 2 (( 1903 &L 62+ p$' S " (CD 6(4 $` # B+ ^=&T " :> :^=&Z 7 62+ 1941( 1927 C 2' %Rg ^=&T 6 )1905 $; D$!( s&C RB :( #X #&C R$!( @B+ Y+R R&1*D =&Z R4 I #% " * .JW* 7 M EB B] R R$!$ V&a ' ` /L# .1965 ‚$ T O1 # p$' B R$!( .& X 7 M D 2: +$*1 7X [M ./ 124-R$` "+ %Z & &' 7W %&* D ,2C * 8 Y+R -0UD Y&Z 7 2C # " 4 N C - -94 ( &8C q .4 \<$ s Q $ 1965 @+ 6 ; ' *2 p$' B - .1905 @+ # 1965 @+ ' * - . R$!( e 2+ @$' &8C ] 6 ; @+ / %&* D -$U C $X p$' - o & # :o & # 62+ 2X 7 2C @$' 7D .1965 @+ c$• "X4 *! # 1905 <$ ‚' s$2 @BZ %& . B!$ )7L2L* 7 B / 6 R -95 z % 2C# 6# /L# .Y%$ 6 + " ~$!&D &Tt 62+ 1965 @+ =' .Y&Z ;>8 # RB * 2+ , * .43 M )J(4 Y?1 ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' 123 .Sudan Intelligence Report No. 171 (October 1908), Appendix D, GoS Memorial Annex 18, SPLM/A FE 3/5 124 L ~$!& %RM* # B=` @C 6 Y&Z R$C 5 BCD -96 -0U# .V *$ *>X LBZ ( &* ( p$' Lc$ ` ' P$' -$X -0UD :Y&Z J$' P$' <( J$: $ *L D 78 P$' @?; $ " CU " D 78 B - p$' B X0 - " -0D J$' A&T %RM " + : p - B D .a \` Y&!ƒD O% T Q J? ^ &] *=B &* c$ `( *=B &* <% " D 78 P$' ^ &] V *$ P$' @BZ ` " CU >X -( •- > %$C2 ' . •B; c$ ` _ ( •3-5 7 / # 1966 -$` X( •2-5 7 / # 1954 -$` X) a 7 UD 125."(13-5 7 / # 1999 :2 L! # Y&Z J: T( -97 L! *=R $' D p$' J$' R4 " 12 AB b ) 2+ YD" J*] B * p$'2 $b $' D( V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 o &C ^T $; s$1 126."^Z 5 # ( 1905 " .) E&8C* ] ( E&8C* R4 # Y] B!$ ) D( -98 10 ^Z R* + bg Y&Z L: (OBCD 15( $ 10 " D -$S3 . C!& ' MD V*] ,=:R 10( !%R J& 62+ - *=: Y&Z AB & ^* # " * " 2;&* - D BCD -99 Y&Z ;>8 # B ./ =&!g %cgD '2C * *L* 0`* -y R$+ .*< $2*C 6 - :$ * " -X ./( 1905 i 0 & X < <" 69 -7 L O/( Y&Z L 78$ Œ= - BX’ [Z* .& / 2 c 22‰ -100 " 1 >X -( 1905 $; p$' B # -X ./ - * :$D L :>+ #( 7=L L*1; # R4 O/ S ( .E&8C ]( E&8C Cc: R S: &4 / " 7 2' \M ( .L L( Y&Z 71 !%R $' bg L * : B+ 7D ." * *2 ( ,=' M' * p& • ER+ =:$ & B' x R&1 O% +( &a N1 L ’% "+ *( ,=' M' K(?+( R4 ‘$<( AB # &a .' ' OC*D ;>M P(1 N q 62+ %RM " C*! ) X 6 72` B: Q* " ] - F%' "a > -101 ) L @ *L<(&+ #( " #& 2 D C#&* # R%( )E&8C ]( E&8C .43 M )J(4 Y?1 ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' 125 .44 M )` !&* 126 Lc$ ` ( & `*( p$' * Z L # B$] "X• >M <&C *.1905 $; > D ,2C %RM* I CD - *D( .- g %B: )P 7`2` D R4 O/ @B: -102 / " &T B!$ [Z* .& /LD 7 / #( .%& I CD *b )" 2 ' 127. R• o &C X < <" K#P 5 -1 je i k. W * 1905 i G#0 5N () # "s(% - 2" 6 B •C " 1902 # &# ./ )-$` 2 ( .s . 71 -103 &Z 62+ 5 71( .$$D &: X L28( " B2 &: J(" - 2M 2;% &' O/ X 128.V:&] b 49( ' :R 32( !%R 9 ^T B+ '( )$$D D V*] ' :R 29( !%R 9) . 7: p$' " w Z] .0D -$` 2 ( , 2 . (T :& s$! 6M: # .( $$D " 7X B!$( .(V:&] ' :R 44( !%R 28( )Y:%? :& J$c 62+ s&C c$ ` A$ -$` 2 ( B1 129.Y:%? s&3 s$! ( J `*T BCD 62+ )s&C & D D =* &1 6 %] 130.J(# # "A& D&C c$ `*" c$ `* :$" - 2;% , &c \<$ D &T # -$` 2 ( †;( -104 s&C &‰ Š2! 2+ z U LB: $2C " E' ` [• ?&D] *‡2C* D&C BCD * # &Z O/ # s&C & D $+B* =* A&1* *( 131."&* A&1* / 62+ B2 c$ ` ( "X` . -$` 2 ( -(B ( .Y:%? :& D .=* :& " D 28 ' * # $]+ p$' B - 1903 @+ ]D -$ &X -105 :J$' N X 132.s&C & D( Y:%? 6 A& ] @B:4 8& O/ 3 - S R(( .o &C / *1 € # B+ € * & 2X *2 B # ` " * * & & 6( )&Ty :( " LB+`( ^=&Z J1 # L&T 62+ )-(&D @ B `( )[ &Q2 D `# B `( )-$`&D(% 7 D B ` . 2:&L( (P4 R$L! $ R$!$ 6 e&Z . .& /L -X ( . ' L*+R 62+ )J$ -7 -# " ! EB ` @+ $; &* s&C( p$' B :$ - $ &Z O/ " BM'( .[Z* .& /LD '#&* &Z OR &a 127 ( 6(4 (& # RB ./ - * & Q -$2D <$* "X4 Y* " ( .71` # E&8C ]( E&8C R @BZ D 1905 .('& -$2D) &* :$ ( (.R%$ -$2D) p$' B :$ 1905 $; / *& $ ERS* E&X/* )Gazetteer of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Sudan Survey Department, Khastoum, 1931), p. 102 128 E%] )71` # ER%$ =&Z R4 @BZ D [Z* .& " Y?1 / # E*`* :$* "X RB; B:( .28 ,#&* )-R$` .CU x 1/ CU X& R% # ^=&Z _2c # ER%$ 1936 Mosaic of 250,000 Series Maps 6 8T Wilkinson, El Obeid to Dar El Jange (1902) in E. Gleichen, The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan: A Compendium Prepared 129 SPLM/A FE 2/14 and 2/15. )38 ,#&* )-R$` $ ; E&X/ .by Officers of the Sudan Government, Vol. II (1905), p. 155. .` !&* 130 ERS* E&X/* ,#& # &Z O/ " [ ' R& ( . * * N2 D1 @B'* -R$` $ ; ^=&T " 5 ,#&* 131 .(s)13 &Z )-R$` $ )-R$` $ ; E&X/* 5 ,#&* )Sudan Intelligence Report No. 104 (March 1903), Appendix E, p. 19 132 .SPLM/A FE 1/21. " D q0D RB+( E& WX -C : p q2 -X .ER& 6 B21* " " *! C*! p( S 6 :&U s$1 ; ER& "( ... .7 Z 6 b ... .~:g " 7 2'D O$2C# $( ) (4 #B @ 3 L +( ‹$ U 6 VD&3 b ...L( 7 M &* ‹$ ] 'D C* ! € ; ) * @( J(# !%B " K&U EY+ s(% - 2` 62+ C2T( •R#( `;• € ; )s(% - 2 xc 6 D&Q J*U O1 #( )7;` R>D 6 VD$! & p "( . W BCD <* @C # *L D 28 -/2 )s(%( %$ )-* +? -X( ... . ' %?( @(B' LRC AB "+ LC *! B s&+( )@& "`; 62+ )s& " V+ 30 )5 62+ > R( .<* @C # p X - / $*!L s&C -4 ) $ @C # s/ -$UZ $X € ; ) /D s&C R>D # 6+& B2 -C : EB+ ' 133".<* L• B: .O& &' # "s(% - 2" ' * o &C ^T ]D -$ RB R <' ~ / " ) * @( J(# ' " s&Q O1 # p &# .1905 @+ 7: " S A&T E&8C &*` R/J(4 -$X # )(( 6 52 X " 2;% & &' # )J &D [8(( -106 " &U 19 # N # .Y:%? :&D V ; K(&C* )"s&C & D A% " )1904 :J$' &*#$/W BD( .- `2 &b . B! &L < 62+ D( ! J CSD &" I CD B!0 ‰ 4 2t & 3 21 ' ( - * / " D 28 R> - 134".V&T p $X - o %4 s 84 %by :$ #" x C -X s(% - 2` - &X &*#$/W " &U 27 #( A% *`; J$X%$D s&3 B " . B!$ " 6 %]( J$X%$D # "&< †; b 135". ' s&3 x C " ^'# &* s&C - s(% - 2` &X B:( :>=: 7t & 3 [Y:%? :&D BCD * # K&+ ./ &L] s&C & D - J:" L+ J: 5] 5] +*! K&C J: .p( E&U * s&C +*! YW D 136".L* ; ,c* 6 &' " 284 - ` +$*1 L ' B+ s$1 # -C ' -$+& B I CD A% S J &D &X( -107 /T• ) ' * O/ %$1D - # R$!( p$' B2 -X L• B: .p$X 2M ( # () E&8C R . s 3 # )7 B " 6M:4 C$ \ M N1D .` !&* 133 .26 ,#&* )-R$` $ ERS* E&X/* )A. Percival, “Route Report: Keilak to Wau”, December 1904, p. 2. 134 .3 M # )` !&* 135 .` !&* 136 ; BCD - # p$' B <$ ( . - B D .p$X ' -0UD A&T " *Z sD " -$ )EB;$ E&a O/ q 62+ ) *=R c$ ` 7 ] # )J*U 5 B+ L + %B: VD$! LC 'D B !$ - †;> B: Y&* - 7D .I * # ' 6M:" # LC : +% 62+ ^'# B # R + :( # )<&C ^Z B ER$CD ,2C (B B: &b . 2+ N& )"s&C " t L$` J*U . *=B Lc$ ` " )& X &L s$! s(% - 2` ' 1904 @C J & &Z S( -108 137.7 2'D & X & L J*] )J$X%$D &: &X/( )$'$ &: "+ B CD & 3 A&U – $ E& D( )J?Q & D &L %`" 1905 @C "U 23 7 R 7*U ( -109 BCD" :>=: ( -0UD †;> ./ "-(&T( %& * )5 D )" %3" RB+ " )"& & X A&' O/ I CD ." S J$c 62+ B A&: " 2`2 B!$ 6' 2* $# J 138.( ` =& &' 6+B( . #WX ( (B ( 1905 i * 5N (]) 8 z % D )"s&C & D ~> – 2;&* & &' " # x( 2 ]*D &X -110 :2 1906 q%/%t EB+` AB B:( )#$ ./ % z U "D )-$X z U -y C B!$ " D ž )5 K>ZD :&D ,2 )/ )@C X C 2D' # N3& ( E& X o %4( ~4 " ( B2 " Y?1 / # B2 z ] &X $L# .@$c&Z 6 C 139."s(% z U2 * & W D &WX $ B2 Q" L0D EB B1 s(% - 2` &: 1907 @C @Š>; 2;% & &' [M -111 O1 # @Š>; % )p "( 140."*' 2 s&: [s&C & D] K&1( (& D @ " D * B' s(% - 2` &:" - &X/ ( . * B' s(% - 2` &: 6 :&U s$1 s&C & D J*] o %• & X RB . [8$ / 7*U ( ."s&C & D 62+ B!$ @> RB;( .L*] ( )Y:%? :& s&: - .4 p$'2 - . & &' W ( & D 6' 2 – (& D @ # EB B1 s(% &: . )(& D @ # p$'2 EB;( &: :$ &:( •% &:( •, $U :( s&C & D < J$c 62+ A&T A&:( )s&C . * B' s(% - 2` $ ERS* E&X/* .Percival’s Sketch Map (River Kir to Wau), (Sudan Survey Department archives, 1904). 137 .(s)14 &Z )-R$` E. Gleichen, The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan: A Compendium Prepared by Officers of the Sudan Government, Vol. II 138 .SPLM/A FE 2/14 and 2/15 )38 ,#&* )-R$` $ ; E&X/ .(1905), p. 168. .SPLM/A FE 17/22)12 ,#&* )-R$` $ ; E&X/ )Sudan Intelligence Report No. 140 (March 1906), p. 15 139 B:( .31 ,#&* )-R$` $ ERS* E&X/* .H. Hallam, Route Report: Dawas to Dar Jange, December 1907, p. 2 140 .(s)16 &Z )-R$` $ ERS* E&X/*D @>L &Z '#% :2 1907 @+ B $ N X -112 .-#R&X 2: " :&U D$1 "X& # )&* s&C R>D ( &* %R '" &* J*U #( . ' P& s&C Y%( x C )%$#%R R(B D s&Q " B ( s$1 O1 # &* b ).%Rg ( )?X&* -y )EB C &+ R(B D&+ 2 : ( )&* B2D B C( .52 X 6 $:R 7!( R& s$! :&U 2X( . P$ R>D # 52 X( ) & `* o % # $:R 7!( R& B!$( .E&' ` D$1 B B!$ ( .E+% 7;% . – &* %&3 62+ )E%' s&C " " 2 ' " 141".s(% - 2` B c$ ` ./ & X &L( s&C & D " D )(The Geographical Journal) #&Q1 $ BCD &U• ;&] J &D @B: )B $ 62+ R%( 7: B R>D 7TB B+ / BT0 ( )& X &L $ s&C & D -" # J$' 142."Y' BCD ( s(% - 2` ' J$ &L ' 2 %L4D Y' ~%? " J$' )1908 @+ )-R$`D ,2C * %Z & &' # B $ 71( -113 143."&* & D 6 VD$! -(&!L O * s$S %$# " ( ) X&( B21* $; &* E% P N'+ " D&Q -#R&X R "+ a;>" 7M 7 UD _ 2 ( . .q @B:( -114 :J$' 144.1909 @+ LD @: &] # : ` =% ~(&# b>b 6 -$*`' D&Q -#R&X R - (B " E& )7;& % - 2` ~ ^$ #( • $: - ` E& ~&# , (& ".J$X D E& )7;& s(% - 2` ~ s&Q #( •$X D :5/X _ 2 ( †;( -115 D \*` %B'D -$ 2 Z ( % 4 $ BCD B &U ) 2*C ; "" . B; 6 & # -$C* 1 ( -$*a ^'# % 4 $ # . MZU L$MT # 2 : ~&# L!$*D x C C : EB+: p _ -$$' ) O/ # 6 ;( .*D% &: 7 b>b ( " ` " A&: B!$ K&1 J$c 62C# .V*=R ` - * )V &' 7 L D 7M - # * B' s(% &: B+ NX&* " LB] A&' ' * J$c %B'( ." S " K&1 J$c 62+ 78$ A&' - 7 : B:( " $ E& ` P(1 *D (s(%( %) &Tt 6 K&c " B Y L # x C 145"...LP $ % 4 $ # -$C* 1 ( .(> 50 $;) .SPLM/A FE 17/27 )54 ,#&* )-R$` $ ; E&X/ .Geographical Journal, Vol. 29, 1907 141 .55 ,#&* )-R$` $ ; E&X/ .Geographical Journal, Vol. 30, 1907 142 .SPLM/A FE 3/5 )18 ,#&* )-R$` $ ; E&X/ .Sudan Intelligence Report No. 171, October 1908, p. 53 143 C.A. Willis, “Notes on the Western Kordofan Dinkas”, 10 April 1909, Sudan Intelligence Report No. 178, May 144 .19 ,#&* )-R$` $ ; E&X/ .1908, Appendix C, at p. 16 .17 M # )` !&* 145 )LC:$( % 4 $ # p$' B R+ -0UD a;> _ 2 ( ABD( -116 :J'# SD YW D (T K&1 A&: X B'#) ^'# $ U L* Z % *D" .L 2( (J$ 2#) $T A$ LC " – PL! 7 D B % •(Y`( J!% s&C " t L$` J*U # ' 6M: 6 p$' N/ % 4 B CD( ... 6( .5] ( o $C %U N`D ) : A&: -$* ' p( •( * ( $'$) Lc4 YU R&( $` s&+ 7C () ...^$ # & \ `D > O1 # B p& )o $C 2:( O * s$S B+( ... .(o $C N`D 146".K&1 B * K&1 7L Y&* A& K&1( ( " D & "" - S _ 2 ( †;( -117 147".p( B2 &:( E& X %1] NM ( )NUC O$` J 4 &T J( )-R$` $ ; &X *X )1910 z % D @LQ $ D % BC ( -118 D :$ @LQ ( q: B:( 148. D . ) D L* U ' [M 62+ " * B#& $# [M( J b>b $; ( D% ( & {>b L #R8":J:( 149" D$`; ' 8 Y^D -$2' $X p$' B - -R$` $ ; J$' )7 B / " :> -119 b>b BCD 62+ X D( •1904 @+ " 2 *D (& D @ $# X J$X%$# :J*U ; / - (B ( 150.2005 @+ J 4.7 BCD 62+ D B( )1910 @+ [M( J 62+ p € ; )1924 z % D -$ Q &W &Z 7W )A&T R OB J$' J($X z U2 CD] D" :J$' E%] )7 2'D s&C & D J*] )(& D @4 A&` S .151"[1918 / s(% 62+ s$1 O1 # b 152) &: 6 B21* " 1918 # . .e &#( -120 @ :% 6 N( *] e‡&+ € ; 153)J$X 5 &: 6 78( - 6 s&C & D J$c & D J$c 62+ p$' A&: A$ &X/ ( 154.J*U O1 # p "( (& D .s&C .` !&* 146 C.A. Willis, “Notes on the Western Kordofan Dinkas”, 10 April 1909, Sudan Intelligence Report No. 178, May 147 .1908, Appendix C, at p. 18 .(R%$#(&X) 20/93 )2009 7 &D/-` 21 )&S * 148 .34 ,#&* )-R$` $ ; E&X/ .Whittingham, Letter to Pearson, 26 April 1910 149 .(R%$#(&X)14-12/98 )2009 7 &D/-` 21 )&S * 150 .OR )159 ] 151 .35 ,#&* )-R$` $ ERS* E&X/* .G.A. Heinekey, Route Report: Muglad to Gerinti, February 1918 152 ,#&* )-R$` $ ERS* E&X/* .G.A. Heinekey, Route Report: Gerinti to Mek Kwal’s Village, March 1918 153 .36 )-R$` $ ERS* E&X/* .G.A. Heinekey, Route Report: Mek Kwal’s Village to Jebel Shat Safia, March 1918 154 .37 ,#&* J*]( ) &: 6 ' &c # &* * Z( &* -C : 6 %]( -121 . B!$ )J$X 5 &: 6 &: "" :J: .^'# &* 6 %] )J$X 5 &: s$ Y&U J$X 6 s&C J? B+" :J$' <$* # 5 BCD( 155.", &c .&1 ./ (& D @ :% &L J$c -(& ` *( K&1 J$c 62+ -$/ Lƒ# s&C L ' -X &: - 6 E%] O/( 156".J*U ; " K&12 P$ 7 UD .p$' _ ( p$' R$!$ &b . &La" ># 1921 z % D &* %B .$D(R &T -122 p$' R$!$ E%] 6M:0#" ."CU x 1/ CU X& LD N ' * # @ :% < 62+ 1X$ J*] J CSD BCD 62+ "B:R" *2X "J*U ; 157.(& D s&3 6M: 6 &* R>D B *" :J$' 7 p . .O ‹%* N X )1922( -123 158."”&* & D‘ ( )s&C & D 6 BC2 E%(1* ,c* " ) D&Q -#R&X )(& D @4 A&` S 62+ )1924 z % D -$ Q &W &Z #( -124 / s(% J($X z U2 CD] D" :J$' E%] p )7 2'D s&C & D J*] B " ", &*" :$ 1927 @C -#R&X # 2' P$ &T " ( 159"[1918 160.& W D Y:%? :& s$! D4 " %(1* p$' )1X$( )> ( ) B2 ' &c "+ D 6 B21* " -$%B ލ #( -125 & $2 X 16 $; . )1X$ 7: p$'2 6(4 $ -$%B KRM .@C( .Y:%? :& s$! 1X$ B!$( 161.s&C & D J*] 6 LZ % R$C ( B* " 4 N B+ "+& ,c &T" S( -126 40( V*] !%R 10 ^T s$! )s&C & D s$! p$' +% ' :$ 1933 162.VD$! ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^T s$! & $2 X :$ - 163)1941 z % D -#R&X 2:g 284 7=' %R &T &La( -127 ' * ;`( .s&C & D # ) D J$; &=R ] E& Q8 ' # &M B CU x 1/ CU X& LD N ' * . D& & $2 X 3000 $; . D& & $2 X 23 300 L ;`*# .O>+ 153 ] 155 .` !&* 156 .(R%$#(&X) 6-3/98 )2009 7 &D/-` 21 )&S * &a 157 .H.A. MacMichael, A History of the Arabs in the Sudan (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1922), p. 286 158 .41 ,#&* )-R$` $ ; E&X/ .38 &Z )-R$` $ ERS* E&X/* .(1924 )-R$`D \`* E%R :@$c&Z) B R>D - D 62+ $M( #< 159 .21 &Z )-R$` $ ERS* E&X/* .(1927 )-R$`D \`* E%R :@$c&Z) .-#R&X # 2' P$ &T 160 .38 ,#&* )-R$` $ ERS* E&X/* .K.D.D. Henderson, “Route Report: Muglad to Abyei”, March 1933 161 .()22 &Z )-R$` $ ERS* E&X/* .Grazing Areas Map, 1933, Civsec 66/4/35 Vol. I p. 95 162 .27 &Z )-R$` $ ; E&X/ .(1941 )-R$`D \`* E%R :@$c&Z) -#R&X 2:g 284 7=' %R 163 %$X/* )J( .s .s N X )[Z* .& / " 2 Y?1 # &X $ 62+( -128 :2 J( &X )1948 # .7 M I CD p$' :$ "+ 164)%&' # s&C & 6 $ .%1* J$c 62+ D&Q -#R&X p$' R x C " z % L( +&* # LD & D & `* &*; ^ 2Z K1 $ Yb #( ...OB#(%( 165".*D% -&: "+ 7' – D&C CD JM " , &+ / " 2 Y?1 # S L & ] )1951 # E%$U* J*+4 B; #( -129 :J$' J( N X )[Z* .& ) *` 25 000( 20 000 " D L RB+ %B' " / )p$' B " ' " s$1 ; " %$ , (& -(B ( .s&C & 6 $ .%1* J$c 62+ ' B!$ ( . ' W ( #'b :>+ " CU " / L( )s$1 " Œ $ B( :&U & `* &*; " E%' s&C p p$' J*]( .J$2* B D&Q s$1 ; J*U #&c 6M: # -(B!$ L# D( )E&] *$ :>+ LC L D& " / *2`* @$:4( s$12 2 7=' +$*1 " D ) B2 D&Q ' * " .7 + 2: # , (&( -#R&X 2: # p$' .%R Y&! <( B:( ...J*U2 50( !%R 27 J$ ^T $; " D ' D&Q -#R&X # p$' B " ' ( .%1* J$c 62+ J*U 6 " B * s&C & D " !%R 29 J$ ^T( V:&] ' :R 166" ... (& D @ :% L$c( ` =& =* "p$'" E%CD )&* %R -$` X - " 1954 z % D D &T #( -130 7*+ 6 B %R # 1966 @+ -$` X N X( 167.s&C & D s$! +$ :J'# 1955 & /W -$X( 1952 _ `3/st " D B .K1 $ # =* ' * O/ 7 &* O + ./ $ & " &* ' € ; )& " *U Y?1 # :& : 2 Z "X " D L2TR (? ( # * Z* L # @' ' * $ "& "( ...K1 $ # L* Z J( :&( (& D @ :%( ) ` =& =* .%1* J$; * )K1 $ L aC # B -X -( ) B2 *=R c$ ` D & aC -ƒ# V& T( ...Y:%? 168...s&C & D s$! LC 'D -(B!$ ' * L # &* " ' :(4 .BCD ( 720 &' )%&' 164 ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' # &X• )P.P. Howell, 1948, P.P. Howell Papers, Sudan Archives, Durham, 768/2/15 165 .201 M # )11-5 7 / )W Y?1 P.P. Howell, “Notes on the Ngork Dinka of Western Kordofan”, (1951) 32 Sudan Notes and Records 166 .SPLM/A FE 4/3 )53 ,#&* )-R$` $ ; E&X/ .239, pp. 241-242 &a .I. Cunnison, “The Humr and their Land”, (1954) 35(2) Sudan Notes and Records 50, p. 50. SPLM/A FE 4/5. 167 .OR )[ 7 U S I. Cunnison, Baggara Arabs: Power and Lineage in a Sudanese Nomad Tribe (Oxford: Clarendon 168 .Press, 1966), pp. 18-19, SM Annex 33 ER+ / & Q 7=' ~(&# J' ' &c - (B :J$' S -$` X N X( 169.J> ; 1957 @+ %$U # B :$ ,D R$ [‰$ )_ R .% [8(( -131 : %CD 7 ] ] a &+ 5 -X $( )J?Q & D 2: 6 * L*aC( ) B" -#R&X U " Y?! %R s4 ), (&( , &* ) 2 ' " -+&# !$*D . 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D& 7 25 000 L ;` ' 62+ K&]0 € ; )EP * -%$D .p .K RB+ " &U+ -&' 6 BL+ !& $ &( &D( "_X$D( _X$X" .26 M # )` !&* 169 .V%L &Ty( > 7*C *B; )" b " &!0 `* EB;( #&3 &! EB " X>* B; M: .(& )- $ 6' $( .35 ,#&* )-R$` $ ; E&X/ .R. Davies, The Camel’s Back (London 1957), p. 130 170 .45 ,#&* )-R$` $ ; E&X/ .J. Robertson, Transition in Africa (London: C. Hurst, 1974), pp. 42, 44, 50 171 000 $; )-C '2 " * s&C 7;& " ( . & `* 2 : 2 # -X s$1 #( .A&T :&+ J$8 b>b p -X S ' * 7TR( .L 90 172"... *` 30 000 RB+ •2D € ; ) B x C -X )s&C & D < 62+ ) Y&!g O/ # LD 6R E&Z ERL] # )R "% %$` #(& †;> ( -134 :1905 # p$' B :$ -0UD 2 -y 6 ; 2+ &WC• '=b( 7 R 7S# - Œ ` - 6' / (" .% # 7a 1905 # ` p$' B Z U ' * *U B 2 `D NW )1902 @+ -$` 2 ( 2;% )& &' / RB+ z % "( ‹%* / 173".Y:%? :& # p$'2 *=R VR$!( %$` #(& &: ) R%$#(&X %$` #(& s$1 B+ ER#g 52 "+ AB( L>T " J$' ( )W -$` 2 ( 2;% # Y] . 6 E%]g ` R 174.Y:%? :& # p$'2 =R R$!( )b -$` 2 ( & K#P 5 -2 je i k. W * 1905 i G#0 5N () # 8( $ 62+ )&* ( p$' :$ "+ 2M a;> -$` 2 ( ABD -135 )153 M # B ./ s # 175."Œ1 %R 6 B C "" )101 :% 2;% b )52 X E& D e&Z &C , & - -$` 2 ( †; )"52 X 6 23(RX "" -$CD > " +$*1* 2`2 52 X" :>=: †; &C* 5 " " 2 BCD 62+ " CSD( )-C ' " 7 2' -$ 2 * " / &* s&C L ' ( Y 7 UD D )52 X " [M( J BCD 62+( 176". D$ ,c # -$U C L (B ( )7 Z s$! CD% > " b>b( #` & ` BCD( 177."&* 2 c$ ` K&1" - &X c$ ` B!$ X p .& DB ' ' ..." J: )K&1 # &* c$ ` s&3 B!$ ..." :J: )CD% > &U+ C BCD 62+ )& DB "( 178"...(&* ) s&C2 " [M( J `*T BCD 62+( 179"... s&C2 c$ ` p( .&L 62+ '4 ' E& X D&+ c$ ` € ; ...5 $X B!$ ..." :J: )'4 ' # D&C c$ `* 180".-C ' " B BC( .M. Tibbs and A. Tibbs, A Sudan Sunset (privately published, Welkin, 1999), “Dar Messeria”, p. 55 172 .49 M )R "% %$` #(&2 J(4 & &' )CU x 1/ CU X& E&X/ 173 .(R/R%$#(&X) 20-16/117 )2009 7 &D/-` 22 )&S * 174 .154 M # )O>+ 129 ] )Wilkinson, 175 .` !&* 176 .` !&* 177 .155 M # )` !&* 178 .` !&* 179 .` !&* 180 T B+ 5 $X :$ RB; )-$` 2 ( L*% &Z $D( -136 J BCD 62+( .V*] ' :R 12( !%R 10( )V:&] ' :R 58( !%R 28 o &C € ; ... N DB p" :-$` 2 ( J: )5 $X # E& D&C c$ `* s&3 s$! 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D&+ c$ ` ( J: ."&* %R( s&C & + 8(" -$` 2 ( @B: ) 2;& 52 L #( -139 2 c &* s&C € * )5 $X( 52 X( J(# )^'# 2 2: "X #" :[8$ / # 182". L2C1 6 ; -$ ( -`g E ; B o $C( sD/ - -$$' ) ` .^'# &DCD _ J(# 6 ; s$1 6M: # &* R$!( - ( " 4 L J$: /( 6 ; ' * O/ # \<( 7 UD -$W * &* s&C I CD -$X S L* " " ( )J(#( 5 $X # ` 2 c B; # &* s&C R$!$# . $* & 3 K(&a J>T R$!( J;& @$:4 Y - 6 & U )L`D *$* K(&a 3% 'D "+ " 2 Z*D $` p$'" - †;> ./ 1951 # J( &a O/ B ( .V* J*] -$U C " / E%' s&C "+ @+ 7 UD -$2 Z :$ # ( )" 2 E+& 183".L <% .` !&* 181 .156 M # )O>+ 138 ] )Gleichen Handbook 182 .245 M # )O>+ 166 ] )Howell, 183 & &' D ,#&* O& &' # N=&S L # *! "X 1903 # ]D -$ [8(( -140 [M / ( .1903 q%/%t # %RM -R$`D ,2C * 104 :% %Z - E%(&SD Œ `• ( . * @( J(#( B # L (4 7 M ( ‹$ U2 C*! " "N=&S *! ( " :>c EB=# " :J$' ]D -$ -4 D&+ :$* O/ " R :$ 6 E%]g "` ( 184." L!$ 52 # ?X&( %$0 B!$ 6 ;" B B!$ L 62+ R ' ]D -$ [M ( •71` # R$!$* =&Z 7 B !%R 10 ^T B+ B!$ ER& " EB CD -$ B: L 185ER& "&] s$!" 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L!$ 52 # p$' B " &S B D .^'# V : &D+ R$!( &S o &34 =W E%Rg 7 $ ~%/ K& +D E$'D ~? € D EBU " -$ B: E%Rg - %$M 6 $+B N " B!$ 7 R pL# )7;& 7W " : " &D+ R&1 L # N=&S $C#R BC :$ # &S .J(# :$ $( :$* 52 B; # @C 2 c $W &* - " \<( )1904 &*#$/W " &U 12 # 52 X " 2;% BD ./ )J &D †;( -143 62+ J$M J &D ` ."52 X # &* 2 E& Q8 D&+ c$ `" p X D&+ 6 2c" :V>=: &*#$/W " &U 13 @$ %RQ AB N X B'# •52 X # 7 R " e(&Z2 , &c 62+ B - R& 7D 5 # N3% & 3 -X ) M - ` 4 52 X 6 R$C D&C X&" :J: &*#$/W " &U 16 #( )" &' - 7: D&Q s$1 O1 # > 56 #` J &D %( ." $2C . C - .19 M # )O>+ 132 ] )Mahon Pasha 184 .` !&* 185 .` !&* 186 6 78( )> 39 BCD( 187."2T $ {>b 6 Z % R$C ‹$X 'D"%$T # B1 :J: € ; Y:%? :& D -y K&C &b . B! &L < 62+ D( ! J CSD &" ‰ 4 2t & 3 71 ' ( - * / " D 28 R> - BD( .- `2 188".V&T p $X - o %4 s 84 %by I CD B!0 & :& ' J$c 62+( Y:%? :& 6 52 X " - J &D a;> " ( . B2 *X &* 2 &b †; )1904 &*#$/W " &U 30 # )p$X # Y:%? :& &+ BC# -144 6 s$1 # -$+& $X " / B -S; # 0U B; +*! €CD" J &D B! 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" #& - 1 )V ` -$=R ."&Ty 7 R B O& 3 ( &* Y(B -0UD a;>* O/ ABD s(% - 2` - *D( .Y:%? :& K< 62+ $X &* -0D -$` 2 ( .1 M # )O>+ 134 ] )Percival 187 .2 M # )` !&* 188 .` !&* 189 .3 M # )` !&* 190 $ +&# -$+ )191)"U 23 7 R # -#R&X "+ D X # )B $ R%$ ( -146 ' s$! )&* BC " :>=: )E%' ( 7;& " "7=' " *=: "E%' )7;&" -X -( )B B: s&: ) *'( ) +$ 3( E& X 2 : )s&C & D O1 # BC R& ( 192."‹$ U( 7='" " J(B! # S &* R& ( ." *=R "X` L*aC* : $ 62+ &* 2 : E%' 2 : (&‰) 2! 2+ &* )V ` 3( E& X ]* 52* B21* -$RT B* & 1+ :$ # .7 Z( -&*+ R( (1903) %B: E( #B & D 6 B21* " ? % R$C` E& 1+ s&C L ! 450 7X R( .V & & D( 52 X s$'C R( e ># I D4 -$+ ( 193".(ERB *) :4 R(B;" $ "U 23 7 R " Y 7 / -$+ -147 :2 2M . Y?1 # J$' "-#R&X" ^Z J$c 62+ > 2: s&Q ; J?Q & D C2 6 $ E& D "" B $ D&Q B ( .-#R&X -C ,! %R( s(% - 2 !%R 9 <&C s$1 ; b )%$#%B !X( -#R& :$#( %BD @ p& * )%$#%B :&U s$L R:( )%? R(( %BD @( )p%P D$! b )R*! @R O1 # D&Q ' P& ... )s&C & D O1 # s$1 ; b .-#R& #&]( ".-#R& ,! %R( &* J(( )%$#%R ( s&C & D # " R$!$ $X L BD / s&C & D R(B # &* &X• / ( .7:4 62+ ` " :$ I C D&: 1905 i * = (]) @C %cg "*< 1954 6 1927 " %&* " 7 ] Y?1 /LD ,#&• -148 194. & `* ( &* "%B" .179 M # )O>+ 138 ] )Gleichen, 191 .327 M # )` !&* 192 .335 M # )` !&* 193 .OR )[ 7 U 194 ^T $# )s&C & D 62+ &* ' 1906 @C " $ &Z RB ( -149 195.7 2'D V*] ' :R 0( !%R 10 %$#" , ( z U &: 62+ :( &* 2 $1 - * x( 2 &X( -150 196. $ ->*C 2! 2+( s(% z U -( "@$c&Z O1 # s&C & &Tt E%RQ :5 BCD J: b " & W /T0D A&T E& 7XU* s&C %b ) B( & $ N`;" 62+ B!( D`; N`;( ... . ' * O/L * &' " >c 50( ]* 6 @$ E& ` 62+ ' * - B2 YD J$' ( .&L # " ^'# > 40 BCD 197".%(P " 62+ &LD @ b>b( )Y>Z &+ s(% - 2` "+ &X/" D X # . %$U EB+ # &* "+ I ` 7 UD B $ N X( -151 ER& &] ... " ` =% " *`: 6 -$*`' &* " - B $ N X )1907 @C "&* %R $; -(B!$ &* -0D 1902 z % D -$` 2 ( 7 R J$' / B ( 198."J(#( R( `:" - B $ †; )-#R&X 2:g x $! "+ & &' #( 199.J(# ' 200."ER& ( )5 $X( ) $#( )J(# -&*+ 62+ K1 $ # Z* <%( s&C * Z )1907 # )@Š>; [8(( -152 )(K1 $) R $D .%( )(K1 $) 5 &` .%( )% ` .% B+ (& D @ J$c 201.N;8( )(K1 $) ¢ 7S# .%( #( a;> 202)1908 @+ B $ O%&; ./ "-#R&X 2: & &'" "*S ( -153 $ # &* * Z [M ( . R*( &U #&Q!( -#R&X z % "+ 2M( : $ 62+ K1 O * s$S %$# " ( ) X&( B21*D * ,c* # &* ~%? " E& 1C BD( K1 $ * Z ' * O/ #( .&* & D 6 D$! -(&!L :O * A&1 O1 # R(B " :> ) $ 62+ &* !l01 ' %Dy s$S B+ @(& # p$D " q(R )-R$` $ ; E&X/ .Sketch map of the western sources of the Nile (London: Royal Geographical Society, 1907) 195 .7 &Z .15 M # )O>+ 139 ] )Huntley Walsh 196 .16( 15 " M # )` !&* 197 .O>+ 142 ] )Lloyd 198 .156 M # )O>+ 129 ] )Wilkinson &a 199 .Sudan Intelligence Report No. 162, (January 1908), Appendix G, p. 56. SPLM/A FE 3/4. 200 B:( .31 ,#&* )-R$` $ ERS* E&X/* .H. Hallam, Route Report: Dawas to Dar Jange, December 1907, p. 2 201 .(s)16 &Z )-R$` $ ERS* E&X/*D @> &T '#% .Sudan Intelligence Report No. 171 (October 1908), Appendix D. GoS Memorial Annex 18, SPLM/A FE 3/5 202 " -$D " 2 %Dy s$S B+ ] @ %R &'# (R% $D %Dy s$S B+ $ %R $: " " " @> %R S $D " " " $ %R P $D " " " " " K&+ $D " " " !?( D>X .$`R " " " " " " .:# " " " " " " @$2* " " " " " " D$`; 203"... :>=: <$* # & &' S* ( -154 &* ># ( .ER& ( )p$X( ) $#( )J(# ' -&*+ R( ~&# " $ U * Z*( L +%P ,c " 0 LD 8T , &c BD 7 ( .I D( 52 X 204."”& ‘ ' # K1 $ # L* Z 6 B21* s&: s$1 R* #&Q1 [M * ; & &' # & O/ &X R& ( -155 :@* D [8$ / ER+ & B1 "( )-#R&X Y%( B CD B * ] 7L $( )&* %R p D$ %R s&3" ; %1]4D E Q YR$ D& " )B21* J*] 2% 7L` /( .R(B :&U s$1 ; B * 2% c&] 22Z R$4 * - B D .s$1 ~%? € ; ) X&( B21* " R' & L$c 62+ B!$ D&Q J*U( 205".K1 $ # -$/ € ; )&* & D 6 )q :2 & &' &X/ ) s #( BCM ./ )&* & D p ) !%R 10 ^T $; )s$1 #" 6 [ 2 € ; ) D$`; 6 V:&] s` ( %$#%R R(B; &+ > " b>b $; ` R>D &+ &L / .&1 ( .J?Q & D ' 2 ( :&U s$1 ; )^$ * # ER% 100 $; <&C# .VB! $D _ <$; - )VB! •VB: 15( @B: 10 " D $2+ %B EB B] EP%D #; 2C OB#(&( ~: # %D4 & • (V &' & /W -$X #) NS B+( .sU+4D Y2 6 sD/( & * LC#B - 6 )-C ' Kt &* L 6'` € ; )&L .53 M # )` !&* 203 .SPLM/A FE 3/5 )18 ,#&* -R$` $ ; E&X/ .53 M # )O>+ 202 ] 204 .34 M # )` !&* 205 O1 # > " b>b $;( .B21* s&: L +%P ,c € ; J*U ; 206". 2:“ D$1 B 7 U ./ )(K&1) s&C & D p s$1 " D "7* * B " `; L 2+ % D &T 1910 # @LQ ( %( -156 .&* ( B ' &c # &* * Z( &* -C : 6 %] 207)O>+ †;$ *X( -157 5 &: 6 &: "" :J: .^'# &* 6 %] )J$X 5 &: J*]( ) &: 6 6 s&C J? B+" :J$' <$* # 5 BCD( 208.", &c . B!$ )J$X @ :% &L J$c -(& ` *( K&1 J$c 62+ -$/ Lƒ# s$ Y&U J$X -X &: - 6 E%] O/( 209".J*U ; " K&12 P$ 7 UD .&1 ./ (& D .p$' _ ( "s&C" L ' )1921 $ /P$* z % D 324 :% -R$`D ,2C * %Z & &' #( -158 :2 %$2D . .q .K †; 62+ N! 6 ! 6+& B( s&C -C '# .EB ! s&C :>C 7a" s&C # L 'b "+ ($'$ ~&#) B -D B:( )(& D @ :& 62` B#(& K< 210".K&1 J*] 6 *=B &: B B* J>T " .211"s&C & D( BC " D" &* :$ 1922 # 7 *X .O ‹%* <(( -159 E%(1* ,c* " )-#R&X s$! s&3 6M: # ' &* R>D" - 6 %]( R(B;( B21* " D &* B!$ % 4 $ #( .‘&* & D ( s&C‘ & D 6 BC2 -$' 2 € ; )s&C & D 6 D$! LC 'D -$2' K1 $ # " )*] &* 212". BD " D B 7*+ 6 B %R # 1966 @+ -$` X - -$` #(& N X( -160 :J'# 1955 & /W -$X( 1952 _ `3/st $ # =* ' * O/ 7 &* O + ./ $ & " )& " *U Y?1 # :& : 2 Z Y ; " D L2TR (? ( .K1 ' * $ "& "( ...K1 $ # L* Z J( &* ' € ; ) ` =& =* .%1* J$; * )K1 $ L # * Z* L # @' *=R c$ ` D & aC -ƒ# V& T( ...Y:%? :&( (& D @ :%( .Sudan Intelligence Report No. 171 (October 1908), Appendix D, at p. 35 206 .O>+ 154( )153( )152 ]$ 207 .O>+ 153 ] 208 .` !&* 209 .Sudan Intelligence Report No. 324 (July 1921), report of F.C.E. Balfour, at p. 6. SPLM/A FE 18/5 210 .273 M # )O>+ 158 ] )H.A. MacMichael .286 M # )` !&* 212 -(B!$ ' * L # &* " ' :(4 aC # B -X -( ) B2 213...s&C & D s$! LC 'D / & Q 7=' ~(&# J' ' &c - (B " :>=: S †; -$` X - L* "( # &* L 2` & 2 D &T s "*S ( 214.J> ; ER+ &c( ,c Y! € ; )&* R$*C "E&1L &c( ,c*" " )L&1 B <$ 6 & ]( •OB#(%( s&C & D ' # ( >) *2`( " % 215.s&C & D s$!( 7 2'D D s$! # p$' - # S &X• B:( ) Y&!g O/ # -$` X %$` #(& ERL] #( -161 : $ 62+ &* E&1 -$` X [8( )[Z* .& / " 2 "+ 7' / ' * O/ # $]+ &* - 6 7=B & U" J' J$; %$ * L$U C E&1L ] E ; X( .&U+ -&' 6 $+B N *b " ( )<* -&' " `*Z 6 & ]) LC 'D )D X " /T ) &T '#% B!$ ( .(7 $c z % E ^* -0D R' + &* x C % 4 $ J>Z# .L # X%]( L a; *X E&1L ‚* [M J$2; B+( . &Z # &X *X ) $ DD J*] ; E&' ` * Z # 6' -C ' 6+& € ; B21* 6 E& M: EB* ( -$2' )K1 $ ' * 6 C$ 2& P$' ' &+ VD$! -$2' b ."TB RM; " ( .Y:%? :&( s&C & D * ' * O/( :& 6+B ' * O/ &+ :& * Z # -$U C ( .B 1 M +&*( Y* B!$ / " E& # #( .($ /% 6 & /W -$X ") [ M &L] J>T J$8( B C•D " ( • *=B LX` &U " / ) B ' * -$*` ' :$ .K1 $ # L'c 6 s$1 O1 # B aC %RQ )&* ~(&# &* " D c :>C X )-#R&X s&3 # L S: E& J>T( 216."V&D >!% -X ./ )p$! , R ) B +P K&+ X . B( :-$` X %$` #(& J$' D R(B; 1 Y&T ! -0UD( -162 1 Y&T +R *X " X& U* $' ' " P$' ' 7TB " 0 T D R(B; 1 - (B ' & O/LD ' * O/ [8$D( . D R(B; ./ "78 ^Z" ( • D X& U $'; ' % 5 .V -X B'# .J; .0D B( &* " D B; ' * 52 7TR D R(B; 1 *% .B21* # 7*C "+ B I CD € D( .2: *X s$1 ; -$U C B R$*C O/ # ) ] - )"L " -( *] &#` - &4 AB K&C• ( .19( 18 " M # )O>+ 168 ] )Cunnison, 213 .26 M # )O>+ 168 ] )Cunnison 214 .216 ] # OR &X• )20 M2 7D'* 7 U # )O>+ 168 ] )Cunnison 215 .KS B X0 .190 M )-R$` $ ; E&X/ .6 E&' )2008 &*` R/J(4 -$X 3 )-$` X - %$` #(& ERL] 216 L .$` 6 *] -C ' I =# (/T *D%( .&* R$*+ " 52 ( $' ' " 6+B * # LD] ( +& # *a :$'; -$%* $$ ' *D )s$1 O1 # p& U* +&2 ' ' ' * X ." X& U* :>+ " 5 " – +$ & M: $* - +*1 U C p .& )JP* E+% " 2: YW D ) B -X )$* / # ."[ S( [ S*" .J;& " BD *$* E&1L " ^* %c # s$1 O1 # %R3 " p & ' aC #” (19 M) D X # 5 6 &] *X( s&C & D s$! LC : -$U C B -X -( ) B2 *=R c$ ` $X &* - ^: % .‘& ' &* L # "c$ ` :(4 aC # -(& $$ ( )& ' 6 Y1* 7! " B " -g -$2 .B2D ( "%R" L2 D ' * # -(& &* -X .p %(P L` ' * " D D X " 5 M # ER$!$* ( '#&*) &Z #( -#R&X " D&Q D$1 "X& 7X Q ( :"&* %R" D L #&+ @+ J>T 22 M # J(B1 " ( .s&C & D s$! ' 7*U( )&WX >8$ P( )J$c :( 3?* R$*+ ~(&# B; : 6S: )1954 D%4 ` =& ,c* " A&T ' . " )($ 142) & ' # 217".&* %B & D 6 B * & `* %R R(B; _ 7 &T " ( -163 218. D s$! > 25 $ D s&C ' * # &* %&* EB] 6 )C *! /T )&* - 6R & U( -164 2' P$ &T # S *( " _ ( -$` X &T # * " &Z [Z* .& " Y?1 / L # [ 7 U R%$ ( .1927 @+ -#R& 2' P$ &T " 2M Y?1( (1999) _ ( (1954) -$` " !( 62+ \<( 5( ) C* ' * # )&* - %&* <$ )-#R& . ' b$ .KS B X0 .190 M )-R$` $ ; E&X/ .6 E&' )2008 &*` R/J(4 -$X 3 )-$` X - %$` #(& ERL] 217 .129 M )12 7 U )-R$` $ ; E&X/ .Michael and Anne Tibbs, A Sudan Sunset, at p. 50 218 D &B> mg# -3<4 )*L q Y&Z & ^* # " * " 2;&* - D BCD -165 ;>8 # B ./ =&!g %cgD '2C * *L* 0`* 6 -y R$+ .*< $2*C 6 - :$ * " -X ./( Y&Z " ) $: X L$X 62+ ) D R(B; & 1 - B! \<$ " -166 8 Y< 6 C`2 J1 .J Z ‘& *L ) * ( =S: M O/ L " 1= 62+ =L %&' ( D S'* &4 1; %$ " T _ 12 Œ= - B D .S / %&' 7: B:( .5 L " * ( 7X( ./ ) D 7 / " 5 ER* N!$*D " ?2( =L" L# . =L 8 :2 62+ 5 7 / w ( . " 3 ER* N!$*D ' L O/L L 7: =& 6 =L & &' D R(B; & 1 @B'" 78$ ./ )Y&Z & &' -$ ( . 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C J(B! ~ *< L 7X( ./ =&!g 7 D 12 -$ - 7: -R$` =& `2T & &' J% J>T " (s) -4 - @*8 /L# .Y%y # ,#$ 6 78$ KBLD ~* ! 8&# L 7* * 7 U _* %&: Z # Y&Z2 & ,2 ^C -R$` =% L $ & &' 2 ` X =& -0D J$'( .L 3% N`; -R$` 2:g %& Q - p%B ( )" *Z sD " $ )V'` $ 62+ C2c .KS B X0 219 RB " #& '#$ R(B; P(1 - " * Y&Z ;>8 -( 7=$ AB; D$ EB ` ?!( B:( .\<( =&! %cƒD L ;>8 \<( 7 UD ?!$* 7' & B1 "( )%B :D %cg / -R$` $ ; "+ D * :- * / # @* D 7`2` ŒL $C Y&Z - 2TB @a EY&: " \S " 2 ER* # ER%( E%]ƒD YBD )LD @ ' " C -X @L* YP ? ER*D YL ( )2005 7 &D/-` 10 # 12 ; # `21 6 \`* " ' " ‰$ " C ) L # )Y&Z 62+ " C € ; )16 .o %4 62+ R(B &( ' * 6 78$ 6 EB! 12 C`D <' N2 * J( B+( " R* B+ CU x 1/ CU X& [' )Y%y ,#$ D %&: # B B! " 12 * 1 - 62+ w 12 ER* - &X/• ( .13( 12 -#& @B' -( )$ /% &L] # '; RB B+$ # D(& .:$ 5 # =L *L<(&+ 2;& # Y&!g X " #& 2 =L o (&C B' :(( .22C ( :$ " K&c 7X -X( .V ~#B R$* *! 5 BCD Y&Z q%B - 62+ 13 ER* M b .=L & &' (BC -( $* ' ( $C*! 6C` 62+ w 14 ER* -4 ) 2*C L " / - B D 6 78$ 7! 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W +$<$* ;>M 0` 6 -y R$+ ) (4 a;>* O/ BCD( -171 & C % T( • b R ( _ -(BD <& " RB+ %&' @B: B'# .L` )J(B " D 6 ; 7D " &*W `*( J(B " D ( .%1 &a L!( " )BC• \2M ( ` &c 6 ( R$!$ # 'D EBC 6 NQ # C<T )7 2C @B+ $ )B;( N 6 C!&* %&' w Š2:( . 2 * .=' $ 62+ '•c 2 ] # " $'C*" % C &M T O/ # 6 ;( E%CD L C J>T " B' " Y&Z & &' "ŠM - 5 BCD L (;( B'# . ` # * => & 3 <( $( )" =:$ -(%B' " 7S#" ()2 " +& " R* " D ) ;>MD ,2C * # )%8 ? * L : & ` J>T " ? * / W - ~: *(R (;( ) " (e)2( \S / ( . L O/ " " #& C:$( 12 2 U – Y$4 62+ @$' – , &c # s/( ? * /LD /T4 @B+ J>T " L` S: L . ;>M L 2+ w $L1* "=?1 -> " .7 M " B ?*D J$:4 O/ 72;( -172 CD / ; * 50 +P&/ .663 E&' )%&' 224 .483 E&' )%&' 225 .& S: # 5 62+ E(>+( 226. ? ,=' M' %&: 7C! X ) %] ./ 227)-P$ EBC*D ,2C * .%U &C( X& " D R(B & 4 M+ _21 %&'# :V* 2 Z K(&a C:( # € ~* ! Y*2+ "+ BC 7X B CD *=: EBC N!$*D .[ ]%4 6 Y$12( *2C %B q 62+ ) Z % -$: R$!( @BCD R& Y&Z - ƒD -X S \<$ "( -175 - $1 L $ D @ ' L 2+ -X ./ B ;$ \ M YU $( )~$<$* - 6+‡B• - .L *L*D ~> < -$C ` € D EBU " o $*Q -$: R$!( @BCD %/ + @B+ Y&Z 62+ 2* @>` *2+ 2 # L2 & 3 # C % )7=$ %& Q C % $ *# ~$<$* 1 6 E%]g 6 ; ) T( 228. (R VR(B; \M B: * R(B; & - *D %&' ! I : 7D )B 229 $ ( &C " D R(B & X%B - $ L 52 62+ " * ]" 8 Y< " A?Q* 230.%&' / Z 2*+ # (B -$' B+$: " +$ +$*1* +&( 231." P%D " (R " 12 52 2*] 5 62+ E(>+ 6D9 " H = W +- % &' n* (]) -$ )' ( *2+ Dc L * ).%1 ; # -176 52 # " $L( )" *L " % + #BD Y&Z( " =MT• 6$• ./ @& ; - *L b( @P> " &WX J$ LX& " * +? - *L( . : ` Y&Z D&1 ` E& M: P E& # -$S3 # 52 * - L * " * " N& ( .( =:$) ~$<$* 62+ L+>c # L S - ( 2U L #&C( &a L2 2 J1 EB B] :>T( #&C %bt " % + " b "+ + % + *b - BX* .5/ F%' ‘& ( ‘ * :$ , < EBU $( )J(B " D 2*+ 7*U B * *( " &4 " # &M "`; o & • -( & B' " !%R %&' /Z L12 p& • - Q 232.L .484 E&' )%&' 226 PCIJ Rep. Series )1925 &*#$/W " &U 21 z % D .%U .% )-P$ EBC " 3 ER* " 2 E&' & ` 227 .481 E&' )%&' # &X• )B, No. 12 (1925), .428 E&' )%&' 228 .461 E&' )%&' 229 .K.H. Kaikobad, Interpretation and Revision of International Boundary Decisions (2007), p. 7, fn. 6 230 % Z B*; & P$( &C " ` ' o % & ` *( )EB * • CD (B -$' 1 # -$S+ L 231 . ` (B " !*-$$X )($3% B< q%(B) 1906 &*` R/J(4 -$X 23 z % D 52* * %&'D '2C * S' # 232 (B JBC * X )192 M )1960 (B JBC * & %' :1960 &*#$/W " &U 18 z % D %RM The instances of ‘essential error’ that Nicaragua has brought to the notice of the Court amount to " :L$: # Cc: no more than evaluation of documents and of other evidence submitted to the arbitrator. The appraisal of the probative value of documents and evidence appertained to the discretionary power of the arbitrator is not open to " / Y&Z " +$*1* => % T 7 ) %$ <&34 " ( -177 ( #&C* " w MZ B B] ~& +R$ ` J Z D •2D *L BC - " * 5/D &: *X R(B ) -$: 7!% 7'C " * '2Q `* @$2C " 2C a; 1 Y&Z# .D C : $ s$1 •L22 ( LLX # › $Q - ( B / -$: # ( 235,D $2DR( 234) +( 233)-T% D R(B; 7 62+ ) (B JBC * # 7 @+ &* R ( 236.' o %4 _ ) #&Q1( z % q 62+ 237R(B D '2C ( * 2: +? )JW* X Y$ 2 * +*1 z % S *( N` # J(B2 $2DB z % Q -X B; # /( ) D&Q Y& M 7=: ( $ >* + # & - Y&Z & &' * EB=? M O/ <( 7: & 6 234 #B - .B' " ./ ;>M P(1 B ;$ q4 - 6 &a( )5 62+ E(>+( -178 R&1 # &M• T B: B; # 7 2C / -( )7 2C @B+ $ %&' X& b R• & ` Y$ *( S > 2C _ Y&Z 7 2C - 6 &a( ) 2 ] 2*+ J? T !%R -ƒ# )( ` e%T L : () %RM*2 q : Y$ &D B+ -#& C:$ / - %$M . RD \M C!&* +(&U* C2 -ƒ# )5 " _ C 62+ . ;>M P(1 € ; " * =L %&' => , :B " A$ ` 6 Y&Z & &' ~ST # " #& 2 .V* DT B: (R R(B; \M B: BCD * *& ^=&Z - c`D 7 D J$' " * D( )^=&Z ( ,=b$2 ' p " ) S' O/ #( ."question ;>M P(1 o &34 :$( . R -(BD V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^T B+ % VB B! T - ( " ' :R & 3" 1907 C=:$ R4 I CD p -$ - " C .R(B & 3 -$ - =:$ ' # " * * ( Y&Z & B' " * K "`; 2 X )O>+ 69 ] # ) %Z "`2 $X$ %( X&] S: # )O>+ & ] $ 62+( .L* ' .284 %&' /Z * 6$* @& ; !%BD S 28 Y&!g 8( ' z % )X$ %$ .&#R$3 %$` #(&( )R%$`X( C! # z % )-$`$! q>3(R %$ XB 233 .862 ] ( 467 E&' )%&' &a .D(& C! # .862 ] ( 467 E&' )%&' &a .DD _ R C! # ` @$2C )$&D -$X %$` #(& 234 467 E&' )%&' &a .1995 6 1992 " -R$` AB ,D` EB * $ & )-$& D B(R %$` #(& 235 .862 ] ( subjects of regional and international, legal and " [ %$LU + )$$3 p%R] %$` #(& 236 ] ( 467 E&' )%&' &a . ' &# s$! C1D ) ' SL %R (2008 /)( )"political economy .862 Maritime Delimitation in the Black Sea (Romania :& T4 B'C # P&D S' JW* 7 62+ &a 237 v. Ukraine) (2009); Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore) (2008); Territorial and Maritime Dispute between Nicaragua and Honduras in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Honduras) (2007); Frontier Dispute (Benin/Niger) (2005); Application for Revision of the Judgment of 11 September 1992 in the Case concerning the Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute (El Salvador/Honduras: Nicaragua intervening)(El Salvador v. Honduras) (2003); Sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan (Indonesia/Malaysia) (2002); Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon v. Nigeria: Equatorial Guinea intervening) (2002); Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain) (2001); Kasikili/Sedudu Island (Botswana/Namibia) (1999); Request for Interpretation of the Judgment of 11 June 1998 in the Case concerning the Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon v. Nigeria), Preliminary Objections (Nigeria v. Cameroon) .(1999) R(B -0UD CU x 1/ CU X& š>DƒD Y&Z B; &' B+ -179 s$12 ^ Y + - 2D' # & Z &X/ B+( 238 D$1( *U %C] RR& ) L O/L Q 239R(B & B+ % + # /T & $( )s` # L O/ /T0 - ) * E& 7X # ` 7 2 ( ` . B!$ • =:$ %B' " 7S# s$b Y&Z 62+ 2Z - 7: ) ` sD " 62+ L' ( =:$ .%B' L8$D Y&Z 7S <& 7' N € ;( •5] <$ "`;( Y&!g 8 € ; )* [2 Z* / C!&*D ;&8 -#& - € ;( •R$!$ # ,D ` %c . B!$ =:( - J$:( . " (e)2 +& ER* N!$*D R4 *1 EB B! Y&Z Y E&T J1( 12 2 U( .RC & 3 LCDc( )L/D S' O/ L Q -X %$ ) 2 * -(UD Y&Z B;4 , b$ ‚% "+ 5 . C!&* w Z * # )7: ) &8 &WX % C N2 - C *! 7S#" L8$D @& ;D Y&Z E%B! @$L JTR L0 X )V& T -180 )B;$ 7 UD , ( B;$ % C " Y?! -X @$L* - $ " =:$ %B' " "C 2 7D: o & # A$ _ ( c`D 7 D J1* / # , 2: *X ( .J$;4 7S# # (U &e# =* &e# ) &e# (() -#& L C * 2`D Y&Z 62+ L & BCD -181 & B' RC J>T " 2 < 80# C!&* # L 2 " '‡ <( ^: % C" VP1 * )o &C # 6R % C % Z S ) =:$ )" M % T" " BD )" $'C* % T" 5 # *D "LD ‘$*`* C!&* 7C1 M % T -X 6 ;( . +$<$* L ;>M Y&Z & ` ' " . C:$ /( )"K * " 6 @P> " &WX &: L O/ %&' -$ )S ' 5] >D .2 2C D ,2C *L 0` p 7a )" #& L! " P(1 " D ? * B+ " 8 7a - )JBC :g V +&( P$ ‘*` 8 & 3 # -X ./ K& 2 )J; . 62+ .A&T L! " Y T4( .(D$ )18-2/98 )2009 7 &D/-` 18 )&S * 238 :2006 $ /% 29 z % D -$ & -R$ 8 -$`$! q>3(R 2D' " ` '* 2 *2 2 * # 239 “The other aspect is that the Abyei area is contained within one of the oil blocks, and there has been quite a lot of exploration and drilling of oil wells in the area. Now, we were not shown a map of where these oil wells were. We were told our mandate was to define the area in 1905 – of course there were no oil wells in 1905. There was no mechanized farming; there was no railway; there were no towns. If we had taken into consideration these developments since 1905, we would have been violating our mandate. But there is a lot of oil there – the Abyei Protocol stipulates that the oil revenues that come from the sale of oil in the Abyei area be divided between the Misseriya and the Ngok Dinka, the government and the SPLM. If the boundary is defined one way, it puts quite a lot of oil in the Abyei area, and therefore more of that oil revenue has to be shared. If we had accepted the government’s claim that the boundary was the river, there would have been no oil revenue to share. The other thing is that if the boundary defines a certain area and that area contains oil and active oil wells, [and] if the people of Abyei vote in a referendum to join the south and the south votes to become independent, then that oil becomes southern oil and is not northern oil.” )'; " -( 6 ;( )£~(&U £ 2 ) ;>M P(1 B; •2 ./ 0 ZD #" )@LQ D <' R%$2 &X *X( .0 Z \ M @B+ # N` #&C* %&' 2+ @: ./ q4 -0UD 5] . K& AB p& • Q ) L C!&* " A&T ; # C * %** 52 X B:( 240."OB< /Z * 241. `* L$*L ( 2 Z & D › $M -$*L B: q - $L 7 D J'• B: -182 62+ E(>+( .-L!( L -$ - 7* ' ' - S J'• " ( )5/X >C# (" &Tt() Y&Z 2 R(B; D q' B: ?! ' ^: " $'C*# 5 V ? V' B8 $'C* E& # -$ & WX :$# . +$<$ : & ` # -ƒ# )J -X * X( .R$!( L _ € ; +$<$ + R$!$D ~ C $ Y&Z 8M T R(B; ( ;>8 & ` # $'C* R(B; RB .K * L # L L ;>8 S'D ,2C :]( 2 $c <( BCD ;>8 Y&Z2 B B' -183 B Z U ' R(B; & . B B " ( )L ;>8 2 ] L ` "+( ' "+ Q M *2 ( ."-#R&X 6 $; ` p$' 6 7 $ "+ S *2 ( . 8T 28 ' * O/LD L D& p$'2 Z U =W (` 7CD -X 7 $ - S 2C( )1905 # -#R&X "+ -#R&X 6 7 $ -X $ ' * J` 7a ( 242. %R o &34 6 ' * * 2: > $ ( 5 $ B2 {B; 5 - (B *X )- ` 7' , &c .JH Rayner (Mincing Lane) Ltd v Shaher Trading Co [1982] 1 Lloyd’s Rep, 632 at 637. 240 Patrick Mitchell v. Democratic Republic :&a %*W +P $` (B ?X&* Y&! # 241 of the Congo, ICSID Case No. ARB/99/7, Decision on Application for Annulment of Award, 1 November 2006, at para. 45; CMS GasTransmission Co. v. Argentina, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/8, Decision on Application for Annulment, 25 September 2007,paras. 123-127, 132-136, 146-150, 158. : -B2 # * > 2C o &C -0UD c$ =S' RL ! S &a England (serious irregularity under Article 68(2)(d) of the Arbitration Act: Weldon Plant Ltd v Commission for the New Towns [2001] 1 All ER 264 (Comm) at 279; Margulead Ltd v Exide Technologies [2004] EWHC 1019 (Comm) at [42]; World Trade Corp Ltd v C Czarnikow Sugar Ltd [2004] EWHC 2332 at [20]); France (no annulment for contradictory or unclear reasoning: Inter Arab Investment Guarantee Corp. v Banque Arabe et Internationale d’Investissement (Cour de Cassation, 14 June 2000, Cass Civ 1re D 2000 IR 95) and Pawelec v SA Pernod Ricard and SA PR Europe (Paris Cour d’Appel, 2 October 2000, 1reChC)); Switzerland (on the limits of review under the public policy provision in Article 190(2)(e) of the Swiss Private International Law: Decision of the Swiss Federal Tribunal, 10 November 2005, 4P.98/2005/svc); and the USA (on standard of review for ‘manifest disregard of the law’: Westerbeke Corp. v Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd, 304 F. 3d 200, 209 (2d Cir. 2002), and Interdigital Communications Corp v Nokia Corp 407 F.Supp.2d 522 (SDNY 2005)). See, especially, A. Mourre, Réflexions critiques sur la suppression du contrôle de la motivation des sentences arbitrales en droit française, (2001) 19(4) ASA Bulletin 652 (criticizing the decision of the French Supreme Court that “the claim of contradiction in reasoning constitutes necessarily a criticism of the award on the merits which is not subject to judicial review”, C. Paris, 17 février 2000, Gaz. Pal. 1er – 2 déc. 2000, p. 55). / ‰$ D`; "*< " & M* & &' p$' B RBC - S - *c 7 D o & - * 242 .7 $ %&: /Z B+ " ERC # ' $( )J?Q & CD E%(&SD -X ' " -#R&X . ` Z U* ' 7*U -#R&X R(B; B B* J>T $L -$ - " * L " Z U" *2X - J & ]4 [:$ ) -184 w Z * # CU x 1/ CU X& 7 # )J; . 62+ 243. * 2: " Z U" *2 # ." *=B " c$ `* 2 # o %4 - 4 $' () J*U *2`* " 2" ( " Z U" *2X C -R$` s$! NCU C - 2`) "- 2" N' ,$ D s(% /T )1905 # 6Z ( .("E%" *2X N $ 62+ Z U "+ E%+ 2 C:$ ' * X( (s(% "+ bB Q M X $ )A&T %CD( . * 2: B;( . )Y*+? & X B - Y&* R ` p$' B2 " +&# 7=:" ( "&=U+" ( "7=:" ' K * L # & Q " 5 -X -( ) * -$ B: 2: & ` - L -0D # ) 5] ." ' " *2X 7W * 2: @$L " Z U" *2X " ( .V ] Q M L# " * )+$:( @B+ 62+ -#& , $( )- `2 7' s 3 *2X -( %R X -X ` =W -4 )NQ # * 2: # )YM:g , J>T " )4 7D )N` # * 2: X - C " &"( "B B " .&Tt & ` .0D /T4 " * #R $ 2' & ` 7D' * 2:g & ` " )J; . 62+ -185 $ 5 6 LC#R .w 2 B ;$ \ M & ` "+ R 6 Y&ZD $ * ' *2 C* C<( R(B; . p " 1905 # " - "L! " L 2+ " C -X )L ;>MD ~> <>( 244."-#R&X 6 J?Q & D " -$: R$!( @BCD R& )5 J; #( )78 ^2Z \ <$ 5 :-1# # CD(P A$ " + $bB ./ ^2Z - :$( .~$<$* & D D S L %U* )J$'/Y:%? :& `; J &D( -$` 2 ( - > $c &*C .$Q o $*3 A$ 5 " ( .& X/s&C & D L 62+ )&* @$*C AB & X/s&C & D "+ K&•+ )5 62+ E(>+( . R$!( 0` _ ( " .s$1 # J?Q & D( J*U # %$#%R( -#R&X " D 78 B )s(% - 2" 6 E%]g D( )& X &LD ,2C * # o $*3 . ^: p {B 1905 7: J?Q & D K8( *!( 245."& X &L 62+ OB2D B!$ ./ ^'# 1905 BCD( J*U L! " J?Q & D ' R(B; MD s&C & D "+ \8 $ 2 €2W 7 ] # &La -#R&X( J?Q & D " D 78 R(B ^T BD )(B <( EP ;) _ B $D ( ^ZD 1956 @+ K * L # K&C Defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as “the estate, position or dominion of a chief; headship, 243 leadership, chief place”. B! <( %CD L` Y&Z &' A&T %CD .20 M )J(4 Y?1 ) D R(B; & 1 Y&T & &' 244 7 UD RB C* ' * " )"-#R&X 6 J?Q & D " ' * 7 $ " . ) * 2: X 1905 @+ 7 $ 2*+ - .\<( .Sudan Intelligence Report No. 128 (March 1905), p. 3. GoS Memorial Annex 9, SPLM/A FE 2/8 245 .&L s$! ^Z % & & 71` &Tt Z % {B; . p _ - 2C( -#R&X "*< !%B* ' * -$X e 6 .R `D ' 2*+ R&1 6 ; ( M % C J>T " ># . ‡$ * ' * Y?! " ( R(B # & Q / $21 - Y&Z2 " * ‚ * $'C* @$L J>T " &b ./( &L D ,2C * # 78 ^2Z -ƒ# )J; . 62+( . * 2:g B: *L2*+ - BD ( )x(( -(B2 D 8 B: )& X D ) B *` # ^: !%R" >=: &X/ # N X B+ )-R$`2 @C †# * ) Q ( 2+ 2c X - 2( s&C & D s$! -R$!$* ).$X(( s(% " 2` Cc' Œ= - 6 E%]g Q ( 246".-#R&X "*< )V'D J?Q & D 2: " Y?! 247.7 $ 2*+ # 21• ./ & &' # !%R B: -(B2 D KU › Z]4 " +*! ( w Z] -X € D $'C* _ ' " D " -186 -%' - Y&* 62+ . S: ! LDU ; # -$1 ` B CD s/ 6 LD AR <$ Y&Z *L X 52( )@$+?* ^2Z .V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^ZD ,2C * # LX$2 248)L ;>8 e%T . p " 1905 #" :2 Y&Z Œ s&C & D ,2C * # / ( ,2C * #( 249".-#R&X 6 J?Q & D " ‡$ * ' *2 C* <( R(B; \<( 7' ` 7 R . B!$ " :2 *D (&: V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^ZD $BZ ( p$' Lc$ ' *2 D&Q *U 6M:4 B W $; $c *] B; & # S* " LC* 5 " ( 250".V *$ .V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 o &C ^T B+ & $2 X 240 [ < )L ;>M Y&Z & ` D ,2C * # $'C* % T 6 ER$CD( -187 R$!( @B+ J$ ( .@>` 2*+ # E& X '+ X D R(B; " C 0` - *! J( ƒD - B' + 7M 7 UD Z % 2Z J( -(R :$ :" 1; J$; %$ * J$: B+ ~? &8+ )A&T ,c 2*! " ) D4 -$ - CU x 1/ CU X& R% () :4 JM 6 .R B: * & M* & &' %* # X%U* ,; J*] ,c* 52 :$ " 3&D 5 # L 1; X( .-R$`2 D$1 * B -$ - 2+ , $( )J>' :( 1956 @C * 2:g ^Z " D$1 \>* " ) D ' -ƒ# )& M* & &' ,; *< q%* ./ .B 5 " YW % + 5 , ` X Major General Sir Reginald Wingate, in Reports on the Finances, Administration and Condition of the 246 Sudan, Annual Report (1905), Part II, Memorandum by Governor General, at p. 24. GoS Memorial, .Administration and Condition of the Sudan. GoS Memorial, Annex 24, SPLM/E FE 2/13 .11( 10 - M )` !&* 247 .O>+ 1 ] 248 .O>+ 244 ] 249 .KS B X0 .O>+ 57 ] 250 p$' B2 <% ` D -0D 1 ).& / EBUD $ <%+ (s) ." &Tt( & `* o % S 7D N` # "ER+" @$L 62+ =' ){%$R ‘& :D P0* / " e(&Z ( -188 Q 8 $ 2:( .1905 @+ 7: Y?! 7 U -X 4 s$1 6 2: @+ * 7 $ 2*+ 6 E%]gD RŠB•; 7 - q 62+ ^$ 7 / .-$ B:( & ` D 2: CU x 1/ CU X& -$ B: .1905 & ` " #& 2 X )J -X * X( .@ 7 UD <( _ &S *# \ M ( " 4 YU -ƒ# )Y&Z ;>8 2 ] Q M2 <%C -$: R$!( @BCD R& ( \ <$ q* $ 2C# Y&Z 62+ -X ./ ER+ e%R "+ pB+ )" #& Œ1; D X ER+ 6 C` _ ( )~$<$* . =&!g *S 5L ).& & &' "*< O/ D 2$ / " P(1 L ;>M $X Y&Z - "‰ 2C! / -189 5] ( 7 U $( )V %$M (’ ( L ;>8 L# (’ B' .6(4 AR ./ L2 2C •?g 2TB @a2 $2W * • ;>M P(1 *U B $ V*] ,=:R 10( !%R 10 ^T -0D N1C2 & W* L! LD ( )-$' # q 7 2C $L# )1905 / $'; p$' B2 € ; -#& %] -ƒ# )5 62+ E(>+ .J$'C & 3( ' '; & 3( )7 R *+B $ B;( -t # ' ( & ` O% ( ;>M2 , 62+ ^2Z " ~$D 4 p$' $'; &a , 2 -ƒ# / ( . *; E$ T 7X # N C Y] % + OB;( /) N` # V& & _ $W & `* $'; 7D' .-#R&X # , & 3 BC ( q : EY 62+ @$' 7D ( * : . & 3 & &' ER$!$ ,c* O/ - :$( )-#R&X # ER$!$ " X& U* +&" ' *# ' .4 R$!( B D .E&1L( J;& L # q%* -B2 " B BC # -ƒ# 5 ( )1905 # -#R& D&Q s$1 # " $W( 4 $' 2" .& &' 2+ @: ./ q4 $ 5 %&* o & # $L# Y&Z ;>M W & ` ( , -190 )1905 $ B;( @+ 6 `*Z " "? # ~$!& J>T " )p$' I CD & C*D 6 ; 7 2C " A$ ` 6R 7W* $L# L*+B R • *1( .~* ! Y*2+ 62+ ‘(& * › Z J` 62+ B ;$ s$1 - # 5] 6R .B _ -191 ^Z s$1 " B ( & X/s&C & D s$! C:$ ' * $ Y&Z :" a;>*D e / RB; - V%$# R( ( .1956 @C * 2:g K< 62+ $X 7D .^'# s&C & D s$! p$' B " 1905 # () @ :%( s&C & D " D C:$ ' * # L ?X&* &X -X( )*]( &L 27 ^T B+ s&Q # $$ ( )s&Q ; " B! " B CD $$ ( (& D 62+ R p .1951 # \ 8 7 UD J( LC<( € ; V:&] b 50( !%R ‚' I CD $Q2D L( &U( s&Q( )J*U ; Y^D -$C$ $X L # &L s$!( ' * O/ # .1965 @+ J$2 D Y:%? :& K< 62+ .@+ 7X " $ 2 c &* -$U C $X :$ " RB1 -(B#$ p$' &' )&U+ "W -&' # 0D B R p (s) R$L] L # "*D )p$' B R$L] I CD 2 B+( & ' # )&U # " ' $X Y:%? :& K< 62+ L C ~(&# R$!( "+ )-$ $ ; - B D .&U+ -&' 2 # *D%( &U+ "W -&' # 5 -X .5 6 ;( )& X/s&C & D 7 6 p$'D #R & `* L # "*D E%' J$8( L: s4 " 5 \S *X )&* %3 " "0 # $$ p .1905 # -#R&X 6 (L ' ) LZ U 7 $ =W $(` !B#<#P$ " M 6 W W; C L2 2C 6C B'# . ] L L!( B / -192 )@& c& L X / ( .J Dg( B' " D R(B; 1 Y&T & &' WCD P(1 ? 2 Y&Z 7 $Z # )-R$` s`; 62+ O/LD @B' - )L 7 R ) <& O/L N1 -X ( .VB B ,=' M' # & ,2 Y&Z ^: ^C -R$` -4 )& KZ " !%B & B' 2 Y&Z J$Z L S b .-(YU *X * : # K&M › M T B % + " CD /T $ 6 ; )L _ * &X L ;>8 & ` @$+?* $'C* % C " ( .(Kompetenz-Kompetenz) › M T B B X& - o & - Q .L ;>8 L2 >X( B+ -#& C:$ R(B; \M B: ) D R(B; & @$' - C:$ CU x 1/ CU .^'# J$'C & ` q 62+ *( \ 8 & ` q 62+ ) (R ‚&UX L ;>M * 2:g $ & ` * " X%B Y&Z -X B' -193 C c " " ' $$ ( . 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