PastSearch Newsletter Issue 66: June 2018
Welcome to PastSearch Newsletter
You can find a downloadable version at www.pastsearch-archaeo-history.co.uk
Contents May Round Up May Round Up...... 1 Receiving Newsletter...... 1 May turned into a busy month for site work, attending a site in Walkington. Snippetstwo from Navigable two in Holme-on-Spalding Moor, and one in Kilham. Rivers, Canals, and Railways of Great Also been writing reports and a desk-based assessment. Britain...... 2 Charles I spoke to Crowd Unfortunately this month’s talk at HOSM Social Club, had to be cancelled. at Heworth Moor ...... 3 This Month in History...... 5 British Monarchs ...... 6 HOSM Local History Society...... 6 Picture This...... 7 Just For Fun...... 7 Receiving Newsletter and PastSearch Information Dates for Your Diary...... 8 Just for Fun Answers...... 8 Thank you to everyone who replied to the email I sent out with the previous What’s Been in newsletter, saying they wish to continue receiving PastSearch news and the News...... 9 Information. You will be kept on the mailing list. Adverts...... 10 There are a few people who have not replied, if you know anyone who has not replied yet, please ask them to contact me and they can be added to the up to date mailing list.
Many Thanks
Karen
1 Historical Account of Navigable River, Canals and Railways of Great Britain
ABERDARE CANAL 33 George II, Cap.95, Royal Assent 28th March, 1793
This canal, though limited in its extent, is amongst the first of such as may be adduced in proof of the advantages attendant upon inland navigation. The Act for the formation of it is entitled ‘An Act for making and maintaining a navigable Canal from the Glamorganshire Canal, to or near the village of Aberdare, in the county of Glamorgan, and for making and maintaining a Railway or Stone Road, for thence to or near Abernaut, in the parish of Cadoxtone-Juxta-Neath, in the said county.’ By this act the company were empowered to raise £22,500, in shares of £100 each, and a further sum of £11,000 was in like manner to be raised, should the expenditure on the works require it.
The Aberdare is connected with the Glamorganshire Canal, a short distance from the aqueduct, conveying the latter over the River Taff. Its course from the Glamorganshire Canal is along the western side of the Cynon Valley, nearly parallel to the river of that name, and having passed Aberammon it terminates at Ynys Cynon, about three quarters of a mile from Aberdare, the village from which it derives its name, being from commencement to termination about six miles and a half in length. At the head of the canal near Aberdare there is a railroad, two miles long, to the Llwydcoed Furnaces, from which branches extend to Godleys and Abernaut Furnaces. The Canal is nearly level, to the distance of four miles from its commencement; in the remaining two miles and a half, to its head or termination, there is a rise of 40 feet. The country through which it passes abounds in iron, coal and lime; numerous furnaces and mines are in its immediate vicinity, for the export of the produce of which it was originally undertaken, and which purpose it completely answers, to the evident advantage of the adjoining property.
TONNAGE RATES d. For Iron, Timber, Goods, Ware, Merchandize, &c...... 5 per Ton, per Mile For Iron-stone, Iron-core, Coke, Charcoal, Bricks Brick-tile and Slate...... 2 ditto ditto For Limestone, Building-stone, Stone, Tile, Lime, Sand, Clay and all Kinds of Manure...... 1½ ditto ditto For Cattle, Sheep, Swine and other Beasts...... 5 ditto ditto Fractions to be taken as for a Quarter of a Ton, as for a Quarter of a Mile.
TRAVELLING ON THE RAILWAYS d. For every Horse, Mule or Ass...... 1 per day For Cows and all other Cattle...... ½ ditto For Sheep, Swine and Calves...... 5 per Score
The chief object of this navigation is the export of the produce of the iron furnaces, coal mines and limestone quarries, which abound the immediate vicinity.
Navigable Rivers, Canals, and Railways of Great Britain, J. Priestley 1831
2 Charles I Spoke to Crowd at Heworth Moor
During the English Civil War, Charles I was in York for over five months 1642. On 3 June 70,000 lords and gentry of Yorkshire assembled at Heworth Moor, to the northeast of the city. They had been summoned by a proclamation issued by the king on 27 May.
Charles I arrived with his son, Prince Charles and 150 knights and a guard of 800 infantry. He was greeted with the loudest acclamations of loyalty and respect.
The king then gave a short speech and thanked them for their assurance of loyalty and support.
However, not all there were sympathetic with the king. Lord Fairfax had been sent by Parliament to present a petition, entreating the king to listen to the voice of Parliament, and stop the raising of troops.
Charles tried to evade receiving the petition by pushing his horse forward but Thomas Fairfax followed him and was able to place the petition on the pommel of the king’ saddle.
Charles I now left York and advanced to Nottingham.
It became clear that opinion was divided in Yorkshire, therefore a local peace treaty was negotiated (Treaty of Neutrality) which was signed by Lord Fairfax for Parliament and Harry Bellasis for the Royalists on 29 September 1642. However, only a few days later it was rejected by Parliament and arms were taken up.
“Previously to the commencement of the Parliamentary War, the king, to avoid the importunity of the parliament, who petitioned for the exclusive control of militia, and for other privileges subversive of the royal authority, removed to this city, and was received by the inhabitants with every demonstration of loyalty and affection. The parliament soon after appointed a commission to reside in the city, to strengthen their party, and to watch the movements of the king; and on their passing an ordinance fo embodying the militia, the king ordered his friends to meet him in the city, whither he directed the several courts to be in future adjourned. The Lord-Keeper Littleton, being ordered by parliament not to issue the writs, apparently obeyed; but on the first opportunity made his escape to York, and bringing with him the seal, joined the royal party, for which he was afterwards proclaimed by the parliament a traitor and a felon. On May 27th, 1642, the king issued a proclamation, dated from his court at York, appointing a public meeting of the nobility and gentry of the neighbourhood to be held at Heworth Moor, on the 3rd of June. This meeting was attended by more than 70,000 persons, who on his Majesty’s approach, accompanied by his son, Prince Charles, and 150 knights in complete armour, and attended with a guard of 800 infantry, greeted him with the loudest acclamations of loyalty and respect. The king, in a short address, explained the particulars of his situation in which he was placed, and thanking them for their assurance of loyalty and attachment returned to the city, where, after keeping his court for more than five months, during which time every attempts at negotiation had failed, he advanced to Nottingham, and there erected his standard.” Lewis 1831
3 Google Earth & overlay.
Prior to the Enclosure Acts of 1817/18, an area on the northeast side of York was known as Heworth Moor (orange line), this was its known extent at that time. It may been a larger area at the time Charles I gave his speech, particularly as 70,000+ are said to have assemble here.
The Enclosure Acts meant that a number of ‘strays’ were created around the city from the former Common Land.
Allotments to Monk Ward formed a stray of c.131 acres (blue line).
References used: https://www.yorkshire.com/inspiration/heritage/yorkshire-battlefields/war-of-the-roses-in-yorkshire http://www.historyofyork.org.uk/themes/king-and-court-in-york https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meeting_on_Heworth_Moor Samuel Lewis, Topographical Dictionary of England. 1831.
4 This Month in History (June)
Below, is at least one event for each day of this month from around the world.
Links for more information about each of these events can be found by visiting the relevant page on the PastSearch website.
You can also find out about other events which have happened in history for each day of the year.
Start your search by using this link: http://pastsearch-archaeo-history.co.uk/on-this-day/
Date Year Country Event 1 1533 England Coronation of Anne Boleyn. 2 1953 UK Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. 3 1969 South Vietnam HMAS Melbourne & USS Frank E Evans collision. 4 1957 USA Dr Martin Luther King delivered “Power of Nonviolence” speech at University of California 5 1975 UK Referendum vote to remain in EEC. 6 1749 Malta Conspiracy of the Slaves discovered. 7 1788 France Day of Tiles in Grenoble (French Revolution). 8 1987 NZ Established a National Nuclear-Free Zone. 9 1928 Australia Charles Kingsford Smith completed first Trans-Pacific flight. 10 1829 UK First Boat Race between Oxford University and Cambridge University. 11 323BC Mesopotamia Alexander the Great died. 12 1889 York York City Walls re-opened to public after restoration works. 13 1898 Canada Yukon Territory formed, Dawson chosen as capital. 14 1777 USA Stars and Stripes adopted by Congress as flag of US. 15 1752 America Benjamin Franklin proved lightning is electricity. 16 1948 Malaya Malayan Emergency began with Sungai Siput Incident. 17 1596 Arctic Willem Barentsz discovered Spitsbergen. 18 1815 Netherlands Battle of Waterloo (Napoleonic Wars). 19 1910 USA First Father’s Day celebrated in Spokane, Washington. 20 1895 Germany Kiel Canal officially opened. 21 1919 UK Scuttling of German Fleet in Scapa Flow. 22 168BC Greece Meteor observed, at Battle of Pynda (Third Macedonian War). 23 1314 Scotland Battle of Bannockburn began (First War of Scottish Independence). 24 1981 UK Humber Bridge opened to traffic. 25 1900 China The Dunhuang Manuscripts discovered in Mogao Caves, Dunghuang. 26 1906 France First French Grand Prix held at Le Mans. 27 1898 USA Joshua Slocom became the first person to solo circumnavigate the earth, landing at Newport, Rhode Island (3 years+). 28 1922 Ireland Irish Civil War began with Battle of the Four Courts, Dublin. 29 1976 Seychelles Independence from UK. 30 1520 Aztec Empire La Noche Triste began (Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire).
5 British Monarchs – Harthacnut
Name: King Harthacnut Born: c.1018 Parents: Cnut and Emma of Normandy House of: Denmark Ascended to the throne: March 17, 1040 Crowned: June, 1040 at Canterbury Cathedral, aged c.22 Married: Unmarried Children: None Died: June 8, 1042 at Lambeth, London Buried at: Winchester Reigned for: 2 years, 2 months, and 21 days Succeeded by: his half brother Edward
Harthacnute had been proclaimed King Canute IIIof Denmark in 1028, therefore when his father Canute II died in 1035, he was unable to come over to England, and his illegitimate half-brother, Harold Harefoot became Harold I of England.
On the death of Harold, 17March 1040, Harthacnut returned to England to take the throne on 17 June.
On 8 June 1042, Harthacnut attended a wedding in Lambeth. He probably consumed large quantities of alcohol and he was drinking to the health of the bride, he "died as he stood at his drink, and he suddenly fell to the earth with an awful convulsion; and those who were close by took hold of him, and he spoke no word afterwards..." The likely cause of death was a stroke, "brought about by an excessive intake of alcohol".
References used: https://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=harthacnut https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harthacnut
HOSM Local History Society
Meetings are held on the 3rd Monday of each month at the Social Club, next door to the Village Hall, High Street.
Start time 7.00pm
Price £2.00 2018
18 June – Hull, City of Culture – Paul Schofield
Last Month’s Talk – 21 May 16 July – Visit to Bielby Church
Sue McGeever spoke about the Women’s 20 Aug – HOSM Community Archaeology Auxiliary on the Western Front during WWI. Project Update – Karen Adams & AGM
6 Picture This Just For Fun
This is Colin the digging hamster, he is hiding on one of the pages in this newsletter, can you find him?
North Bridge, Hull Father’s Day Word Search There has been a bridge at this point along the River Hull since 1541, and prior to that a ferry. This bridge was built between 1928-32, it is a Scherzer rolling (or Walking) lift bridge and became Grade II listed in 1994.
Where Would You Have Seen This Advert?
Answers on page 8
Answer in Issue 67
7 Dates for Your Diary
5-17 June Festival of Ideas. 9 July PastSearch – Karen Adams – 2017 Site Review, 1.00pm (see advert p.14) 6 June Howden Civic Trust – Walk Around 15-30 Festival of Archaeology 2018. Snaith – Keith Greenwood, 6.30pm July 11 June PastSearch – Karen Adams – A1079: 16 July HOSM History Society – Visit to Bielby Pocklington to Market Weighton, Church. 1.00pm (see advert p.14) 18 June HOSM History Society – Hull City of Culture – Paul Schofield, 7.00pm
If you have an event you would like to include in Dates for Your Diary, please send to Karen at [email protected]
Just For Fun Answers
Find Colin on page 11
8 What’s Been in the News These articles were shared on Facebook during the last month. To see similar articles as they come into the news follow PastSearch on Facebook.
Ancient Remains of Horse Discovered at Dead Sea Scrolls fragments contain writing Pompeii invisible to naked eye
Parco Archeologico di Pompei The "extraordinary" discovery was made “ Technology originally developed for NASA outside the city walls, in Civita Giuliana to the “ has revealed letters invisible to the naked eye on north of Pompeii proper. fragments of the 2,000-year-old Dead Sea Scrolls, officials announced.” Excavation in the area revealed what archaeologists identified as a stable, complete Read more at: with the remains of a trough. ” https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/dead- sea-scrolls-fragments-contain-writing-invisible- Read more at: naked-eye-n870651 https://www.thelocal.it/20180511/pompeii-horse
‘Alley of Balconies’ Uncovered at Pompei in Pompeii: New find shows man crushed trying Rare Find to flee eruption
Ciro Fusco/Pompeii Archaeological Park Ciro Fusco/Pompeii Archaeological Park “Officials at the Pompeii archaeological site “A team of archaeologists at Pompeii has have announced a dramatic new discovery, the uncovered an alleyway of grand houses, with skeleton of a man crushed by an enormous stone balconies left mostly intact and still in their while trying to flee the explosion of Mt. original hues.” Vesuvius in 79 A.D.”
Read more at: Read more at: https://www.thelocal.it/20180517/pompeii- https://phys.org/news/2018-05-pompeii- archaeologists-balconies-houses-colours eruption.html
9 First ancient Corinthian Helmet discovered Archaeologists discover new geoglyphs near in Southwest Russia Nazca Lines in Peru
Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Archaeologists using drones have discovered A Corinthian helmet was discovered in a 5th more than 25 geoglyphs etched into a swath of century BC grave in the Taman Peninsula, coastal desert in southern Peru near the Nazca southwest Russia, according to RIA Novosti Lines, a culture ministry official said Monday. news agency. Most of the newly found geoglyphs, which Made of bronze, Corinthian helmets covered the include figures of a killer whale and a woman entire head and neck, with slits for the eyes and dancing, appear to have been made by the mouth, protruding cheek covers (paragnathides Paracas culture more than 2,000 years ago, in Greek) as well as a curved protrusion in the hundreds of years before the Nazca people back to protect the nape of the neck. created similar giant drawings nearby.”
Read more at: Read more at: http://www.tornosnews.gr/en/greek- https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-peru- news/culture/31431-first-ancient-corinthian- archaeology/archaeologists-discover-new- helmet-discovered-in-southwest-russia.html geoglyphs-near-nazca-lines-in-peru- idUKKCN1IT1TG
Brochure can be downloaded at: http://yorkfestivalofideas.com/2018/
10 Visit the PastSearch Website
Have you visited the PastSearch Website? Here you will find information on the archaeological services, talks and workshops available from PastSearch.
There are also reports, newsletters and other pdf files to download for free.
Go to http://pastsearch-archaeo- history.co.uk/ Or access on mobile phone by scanning
Follow PastSearch on Facebook and Twitter
https://www.facebook.com/PastSearch- 109488651355/
https://twitter.com/PastSearch
11 Archaeological Services
http://pastsearch-archaeo-history.co.uk/archaeological-services/
PastSearch offers archaeological services including Heritage Statements, Written Scheme of Investigations, Watching Briefs and Evaluations, working in the North Yorkshire and East Riding.
With 30 years of local knowledge, PastSearch aims to provide a reliable and flexible service regarding small and medium sized projects, including private and commercial developments. We also aim to keep costs to the client at a reasonable rate whilst maintaining professional standards.
CAD Illustration service also available.
For more information please email: [email protected] or ring Karen on 07811 877 469.
12 Presentations, Workshops and Walking Tours
http://pastsearch-archaeo-history.co.uk/illustrated-talks/
There are currently 27 illustrated talks available which can be booked by groups and societies, and the list keeps growing!!
Workshops are also available and can be adapted to suit your group’s needs.
Alternatively if your group would like to explore areas of York on foot, tours can also be individually created.
For more information please email: [email protected] or ring Karen on 07811 877 469.
13 14