Aalborg Universitet the Aalborg Survey / Part 4

Aalborg Universitet

The Aalborg Survey / Part 4 - Literature Study Harder, Henrik; Christensen, Cecilie Breinholm

Publication date: 2015

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Citation for published version (APA): Harder, H., & Christensen, C. B. (2015). The Aalborg Survey / Part 4 - Literature Study: Diverse Urban Spaces (DUS). Institut for Arkitektur og Medieteknologi. (AD:MT , Vol. 68).

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Downloaded from vbn.aau.dk on: April 24, 2017 The Aalborg Survey / Part 4 - Literature study

Diverse Urban Spaces (DUS)

Henrik Harder - 2015 AD-Files ISSN 1603-6204 Volume #68 2015

Title The Aalborg Survey / Part 4 - Literature Study Diverse Urban Spaces (DUS)

Publisher Department of Architecture, Design and Media Technology / AD:MT Aalborg University / AAU

Authors Henrik Harder Cecilie Breinholm Christensen

Layout Cecilie Breinholm Christensen

Photos Thomas Sick Nielsen Andreas Morsbøl (front page) The Aalborg Survey / Part 4 - Literature study

Diverse Urban Spaces (DUS)

Henrik Harder - 2015

Content

Content Introduction 6 The Aalborg Survey and Diverse Urban Spaces (DUS) Preface 6 Background and purpose 7 Summary / part 1 - Web Based Survey 8 Summary / part 2 - GPS Based Survey 8 Summary / part 3 - Interview Based Survey 9 Summary / part 4 - Literature Study 9

Introduction 11 The Aalborg Survey / part 1 - Web Based Survey Motivation 11 Intended outcome 11 Definitions 11

Methodical approach 13 Language 13 Reference style 13 Literature categorisation 13 Time frame 13

Practical approach 15 Digital database 15 Physical database 19

Results 21 Amount of references 21 Gehl, Jan 23 Goffman, Erving 35 Harder, Henrik 39 Jensen, Ole B. 43 Whyte, William Hollingsworth 47 Topics 55 / Parks 55 / Plazas 57 / Squares 58 / Young people’s use of urban space 59 / GPS 69

References 119 Literature 119 Internet 119

5 Introduction The Aalborg Survey and Diverse Urban Spaces (DUS)

In the following an introduction will be given to The Aalborg Survey as part of the overall research project Diverse Urban Spaces (DUS), and the background and purpose of this research project will be accounted for. Furthermore, summaries of The Aalborg Survey / part 1,2, 3 and 4 respectively are given.

Preface The Aalborg Survey is carried out in collabo- Nowadays, research does not take place in ration between Aalborg municipality and the a closed space isolated from other parts of research project Diverse Urban Spaces (DUS), society. In relation to this, it is appropriate to which is financed by Realdania and anchored direct a thanks to all colleagues at AD:MT and at Aalborg University (AAU), Department AAU as well as municipalities, national and for Architecture, Design and Media Techno- international research institutions who have logy (AD:MT). Through the research project a contributed to the research project. Without number of new types of investigations of urban dialogue and exchange of experience based on spaces are executed and developed. trust between people it is not possible to create The research project Diverse Urban Spaces new research knowledge. results from the efforts of many people. The- The Aalborg Survey and The DUS research refore, a special and very warm thanks is with project is sponsored by Realdania. In relation good reason directed to Bodil Henningsen, to this, Karen Skou, project manager for Byens Plan og Byg, and to Pernille Nymann Jensen, Kvaliteter, Realdania, has been a fantastically Park og Natur, both from Teknik- og Miljø- constructive collaboration partner, which is forvaltningen, Aalborg municipality, for their necessary exactly when working with crea- great patience and understanding of the unique ting totally new and unique types of research character of this research project. results. Aalborg August 2015 Henrik Harder

6 Introduction

Background and purpose The Aalborg Survey consists of four indepen- It is the overall aim of the DUS research pro- dent parts: a web, GPS and an interview based ject to facilitate an increased and more diverse survey and a literature study, which together use of urban spaces, and consequently young form a consistent investigation and research people are used as target group, as they repre- into use of urban space, and specifically into sent the future users of urban spaces. More- young people’s use of urban space: what young over, it is easy to get in touch with young people people do in urban spaces, where they are in through educational institutions and schools, the urban spaces and when the young people which makes it possible to carry out the inve- are in the urban spaces. stigations in a fairly simple way, economically The answers to these questions form the fra- and logistically, and further enables eventual mework and enable further academic discus- reproduction of similar empirical data. sions and conclusions in relation to the overall The DUS research project is related to the research project Diverse Urban Spaces (DUS). general research focus found within the Urban The primary aim of the DUS research project is Design section at Institute of Architecture, to investigate why young people do what they Design and Media Technology (AD:MT), Aal- do in the urban spaces, and how this know- borg University (AAU) and the research focus ledge can contribute to an increase in young within the cluster of Mobility and Tracking people’s use of urban spaces. Technologies (MoTT), AAU.

7 Summary Part 1 / Web Based Survey Summary Part 2 / GPS Based Survey The 1st part of the research project Diverse Urban Spaces (DUS) The 2nd part of the DUS research project has been carried out has been carried out during the period from December 1st 2007 to during the months May-September 2008 as a quantitative GPS February 1st 2008 as a Web Based Survey of the 27.040 gross (stati- based activity survey. A total of 169 young people participated fully. stikbanken.dk, a) young people aged 14-23 living in Aalborg Muni- They are from the same sample population as in Part 1, the Web cipality in 2008. The web based questionnaire has been distributed Based Survey, i.e. a population of 7.680 young people studying at among the group of young people studying at upper secondary upper secondary schools in Aalborg (statistikbanken.dk, b). The schools in Aalborg, i.e. 7.680 young people (statistikbanken.dk, b). participants have been chosen among those who participated in The resulting data from those respondents who have answered all the Web Based Survey of Part 1. questions and who live within Aalborg municipality (734 respon- The resulting data are presented in maps in three scales that illu- dents) have been analysed. These data have been documented and strate the participants’ use of Aalborg’s urban spaces by showing visualised in terms of characteristics of the respondents, their acti- their movements in time and space. By further coupling the GPS vities and preferences in public urban spaces and their transporta- data with data on the single participant’s gender, age, address, acti- tion and mobility. Hence, these data contribute with knowledge on vities, mode of transport etc. it is possible to gain a more detailed the young people who use the urban spaces of Aalborg, and how knowledge of young people’s use of urban spaces in Aalborg. they use these spaces, as basis for the further investigations in The Furthermore, the GPS based data are supplemented with a que- Aalborg Survey / Part 2, 3 and 4 (see Harder & Christensen, 2015a). stionnaire based analysis of perceived attractive spaces among the participants.(see Harder et al., 2015a).

%-wise distribution girls of amount of ’highest n = 358 importance’-answers boys for the different n = 376 conditions total n = 734

conditions

Ill. nr. 8.a: Table from Part 1 / Web Based Survey illustrating the respondents’ Ill. nr. 8.b: Map from Part 2 / GPS Based Survey illustrating the participants’ opinion on 13 different conditions in relation to their coming and going in total time spent in the Aalborg City area based on all the raw GPS data the urban spaces and parks of Aalborg. The table shows the percentage-wise points (see p. 31 of the report from Part 2 / GPS Based Survey for further distribution of amount of ’highest importance’-answers for the 13 different information regarding the data, Harder et al., 2015a). conditions (see Harder & Christensen, 2015). 8 Introduction

Summary Part 3 / Interview Based Survey Summary Part 4 / Literature Study The 3rd part of the DUS research project has been carried out The 4th part of the DUS research project has been carried out during the fall of 2009 and the summer and fall of 2010 as an inter- during the spring 2012 and consists primarily of a literature search view based survey of 18 selected participants (nine boys and nine and bibliographical listings of literature by the three specific aut- girls) from Part 2 / GPS based survey, who are still enrolled at the hors: William Hollingsworth Whyte (1917-1999), Jan Gehl (b. same school as they were during the GPS based survey. 1936) and Erving Goffman (1922-1982), as well as literature on This interview based survey supplements the quantitative data on the topics of ‘plazas’, ‘squares’, ‘parks’, ‘young people’s use of urban young people’s use of urban space in Aalborg from the Web and space’ and ’GPS’. GPS based surveys in Part 1 and 2 with additional and more detai- Secondarily, there has been made a bibliographical listing of pub- led qualitative data on these young people’s use of urban space in lications that are related to the abovementioned topics by respec- Aalborg. In the interviews the participants are asked about their tively Associate Professor Henrik Harder and Professor Ole B. Jen- use of urban space in relation to attractiveness, gender, protection sen, Department of Architecture, Design and Media Technology, against violence and crime, the internet, atmosphere and, finally, Aalborg University. Henrik Harder is the main author and initia- green urban spaces (see Harder et al., 2015b). tor of the DUS research project, and both Henrik Harder and Ole B. Jensen are conducting research within the field related to this research project. Furthermore, both are intended end users of the outcome of this literature study. Finally, all references have been collected in a digital database in RefWorks.

Skoler Ophold AKM Attraktivt byrum Uattraktivt byrum Foretrukne rute Turudgangspunkter

Meter 0 100 200 300 400 500 Ill. nr. 9.a: Map from Part 3 / Interview Based Survey illustrating one Ill. nr. 9.b: Cover images from some of the most significant publications participants’ use of urban space in the Aalborg City area based on his/her from the respective authors William Hollingsworth Whyte, Jan Gehl and own explanations and drawing on a corresponding map by hand. Erving Goffman who are the central authors of the literature study in The

Noter: Aalborg Survey / Part 4. Anders markerer Karolinelund som det andet mindst attraktive område og det ligger ikke inden for citykortudsnittet.

Anders bevæger sig typisk rundt i byen på cykel, og ofte trækker han cyklen med rundt i byens gågader fremfor at parkere den, men når han parkerer cyklen er det oftest på Mølleå Plads eller på Nytorv. Målet er det samme - Slotsgade, Bredegade og Algade - X Markerer hvor han oftest parkerer sin cykel i byen.

Han har ikke indtegnet en typisk rute, når han går ud om aftenen, men i interviewet beskriver han at de typisk starter ved hans bopæl i Svendsgade, hvorefter de tager 9 på Klub Vesterå i Vesterågade. Vil tro det er noget med de går eller cykler i byen via Reberbansgade , krydser vesterbro ved tyren og kommer til Vesterågade via Bispensgade... 10 Introduction

Introduction The Aalborg Survey / part 4 - Literature Study

In the following the intention with this report on The Aalborg Survey / part 4 - Literature Study will be accounted for in terms of purpose, intended outcome and definitions of relevant terms used throughout the report.

Motivation Intended outcome This 4th part of the DUS research project is The outcome of this 4th part of The Aalborg Finally, this literature study will form a theo- carried out as a literature study and comple- Survey is intended for use in future research retical framework for academic discussions in ments the previous surveys of part 1-3 by a on both a practical and a theoretical level. connection with the research project Diverse systematic search for and listing of references Concretely, this literature study results in this Urban Spaces (DUS) with a perspective to to literature by and about three specific writers: report that documents the background, the existing relevant literature on theories and William Hollingsworth Whyte (1917-1999), methodical and practical approach as well as surveys within the field use of urban space. Jan Gehl (b. 1936) and Erving Goffman (1922- the results of the literature search. This literature study together with part 1-3 of 1982). These three writers have all conducted the Aalborg Survey thereby form a consistent thorough research into use of urban space, Furthermore, this literature study results in empirical as well as theoretical basis for the on a practical and empirical level and/or on a the forming of a digital and physical data- DUS research project. more theoretical level. base of references with references on all literature by the three writers: William Hollings- Definitions Furthermore, there has been carried out a worth Whyte (1917-1999), Jan Gehl (b. 1936) systematic search for and listing of references and Erving Goffman (1922-1982), as well as Literature is used as an overall term for all texts to selected relevant literature on the topics of selected literature with references to these (see found and listed as references in the digital ‘plazas’, ‘squares’, ‘parks’, and ‘young people’s further explanation in Methodical approach as well as physical database. This literature is use of urban space’, since plazas, squares and – categorisation, p. 9). In addition, the digital subdivided into categories, e.g. book (edited, parks are the primary type of urban spaces, database consists of references to selected rele- whole or section), newspaper article, journal which the research project Diverse Urban vant literature on the topics of ‘plazas’, ‘squares’, article, journal (electronic), video/DVD, con- Spaces (DUS) is concerned with, and young ‘parks’, ‘young people’s use of urban space’ and ference proceedings, webpage or report, which people are the primary users, which the ’GPS tracking’ as well as a listing of all publi- are all predefined categories in RefWorks, the research project is concerned with. cations by Henrik Harder and Ole B. Jensen, software programme for handling the referen- respectively Associate Professor and Professor ces in the digital database. Additionally, a search for literature and listing affiliated to the Urban Design research group of references related to GPS (Global Positio- at Department of Architecture, Design and Young people is used as a term for the respon- ning System) tracking has been carried out, Media Technology, Aalborg University. dents in this research project, who are all bet- since this is the primary data collection met- ween 16 and 20 years of age. hod applied in the DUS research project. Consequently, on a practical level, the digital and physical reference databases form a framework for future research in relation to the field use of urban space and other research in relation to the Urban Design research group at AD:MT, AAU, and MoTT, AAU, where the databases facilitate the managing and use of references in own future academic publications, as well as extending the reference databases with new literature.

11 Jomfru Ane Haven - a new green urban space in Aalborg as part of the central harbourfront 12 Methodical approach

Methodical approach

In the following the methodical approach and scope of this literature study will be accounted for in terms of language of the references searched for; the reference style used when listing the references; the categorisation of the found references; and finally, the time frame of the references searched for and the project itself, respectively.

Language Time frame The literature search has been focused on The folders ‘Gehl, Jan’, ‘Goffman, Erving’ and Literature texts in the original publication language, i.e. ‘Whyte, William Hollingsworth’ are each sub- In the literature search there has been no English/American for William Hollingsworth divided into the folders ‘by’, ‘et al.’ and ‘about’: timewise limitation for the literature written Whyte and Erving Goffman and Danish, by Whyte, Gehl and Goffman, since focus has Swedish or Norwegian for Jan Gehl. However, by been to find all their publications. it has been attempted to supplement all refe- Literature published with Gehl, Whyte or rences to Danish literature with references to Goffman as the only author, is placed in the For literature referring to Whyte, Gehl and equivalent translated literature in English. by-subfolder Goffman it has been attempted to find texts within a wide time range; from literature con- Reference style et al. temporary with the specific publication by The reference style used is the Harvard system Literature published with Gehl, Whyte or Whyte, Gehl or Goffman which is referred to, of referencing. This is one of the predefined Goffman as one out of several authors is placed and up to recently published literature. standard styles for Aalborg University in in the et al.-subfolder RefWorks, which is licensed by AUB, Aal- However, for the literature on the topics of borg University Library (see further explana- about ‘plazas’, ‘squares’, ‘parks’, and ‘young people’s tion of the RefWorks programme in Practical Literature that contains references to publica- use of city spaces’ there has only been searc- approach – Digital database on p. 11). tions by Gehl, Whyte or Goffman is placed in hed for literature published during the range of the about-subfolder. 1990-present, with consideration to relevance Literature categorisation and amount of search results. In the digital database the references are divi- Ingrid Gehl ded into folders according to category. The Furthermore; in the Gehl-folder there is a sub- Project categorisation of the primary folders is either folder with literature by ‘Ingrid Gehl’, either as The literature study itself is carried out from done according to author or topic, where the only author or as one out of several authors. February 1st 2012 to August 1st 2012. categories of the nine primary folders are: The folder ’GPS tracking’ is further subdivi- Author: ded into the folders ’surveys’, ’other technolo- - Gehl, Jan gies’, ’geography’, ’mobility and transportation’, - Goffman, Erving ’urban planning’, ’tourism’ and ’other research’. - Harder, Henrik - Jensen, Ole B. - Whyte, William Hollingsworth

Topic: - Parks - Plazas - Squares - Young people’s use of urban space - GPS tracking

13 Shopping street in Aalborg 14 Practical approach

Practical approach

In the following the practical approach regarding the digital as well as the physical database will be accounted for. Concern- ing the digital database the explanation will primarily focus on the choice and use of the software programme RefWorks as a tool for managing the literature references, as well as an explanation of the literature search strategy. The organisation of the physical database will following be explained with point of departure in the description of the digital database.

Digital database RefWorks Search strategy As a tool for managing, storing and sharing Reference management Databases the found references in a digital database, In order to get access to the digital database a The databases used for the literature search are there is used a web-based reference manage- Login Name and Password is required. Follo- accessed via licenses through AUB [aub.aau. ment software programme called RefWorks. wing, several users can work in the database, dk, b], and the main databases used for search The programme is freely available from Aal- both independently and simultaneously. on the specific authors ‘Gehl, Jan’, ‘Goffman, borg University’s network and is thus easy to Erving’ and ‘Whyte, William Hollingsworth’ access, and further it enables easily sharing of For the concrete use of the programme on are: references between the intended end users of a practical level, there is a help-function the digital database, who are all employed at within the programme, from where access to - WorldCat Aalborg University. a help-file, online tutorials and the librarians Contains a big amount of references (appr. at Aalborg University Library (AUB) can be 95.000.000) to literature of a wide time range The software programme enables digital obtained. (before year 1000 to present) of all topics. Is managing of the found literature references primarily been used for search on books writ- concerning ten in English.

- structuring of references according to cate- - EBSCOhost Research Database gories (see Methodical approach – Literature Is a host of several other databases covering categorization on p. 9) a wide range of topics (e.g. Academic Search Premier, Avery Index to Architectural Perio- - adding of references into existing folder dicals and International Political Science structure, or expanding the folder structure Abstracts), where the time range varies depen- with new references ding on the specific sub-database. Is primarily used for search on articles written in English. - searching for references e.g. according to author, title, topic or descriptors - Bibliotek.dk Contains all Danish publications and literature - creating bibliographies of literature referen- from all Danish public and research libraries ces according to specific categories (appr. 13.000.000 posts) published since 1970 (most books since 1482 and larger newspa- - sharing literature references with other per articles since 1945). Is primarily used for RefWorks users or external partners search on books and articles written in Danish.

- importing references and bibliographies directly into text files written in Microsoft Office Word

15 The main database for search on literature with Parks Squares references to specific publications by Gehl, Search words: ‘parker’ AND ‘urban’ Search words: ‘squares’ + ‘urban’ (in order Goffman and Whyte is: Plazas not to confuse with ‘square’ as mathema- Search words: ‘plaza’ tical term) - Google Scholar Squares Contains links to scientific literature of all Search words: ‘pladser’ GPS tracking topics and a wide range of types, including Geography AUB’s electronic full text articles, when acces- - Web of Science Search words: ‘geography’ AND ‘GPS’, ‘geo- sed via AUB’s home page. Furthermore, it is Young people’s use of urban space graphy’ AND ‘global positioning system’ possible to list citations of specific publicati- Search words: ‘young city space’ Mobilitet ons. Is consequently primarily used for search Due to a limited time frame there has not Search words: ‘mobility’ AND ‘GPS’, ‘mobi- on articles referring to specific publications in been conducted searches on ‘parks’ and ‘pla- lity’ AND ‘global positioning system’ both Danish and English. zas’, ‘squares’ in this database. Questionnaire Search words: ‘questionnaire’ AND ‘GPS’, Databases that have been used in relation to - Scopus (Elsevier Scopus)(NU: SciVerse) ‘questionnaire’ AND ‘global positioning search on the specific topics of ‘plazas’, ‘squa- - ProQuest system’ res’, ‘parks’ and ‘young people’s use of urban - DAAI: Design and Applied Arts Index Interview space’ are: Young people’s use of urban space: Search words: ‘interview’ AND ‘GPS’, Search words: ‘young AND city space’ ‘interview’ AND ‘global positioning system’ - EBSCOhost Research Database Due to a limited time frame there has not Travel diary - Worldcat been conducted searches on ‘parks’ and ‘pla- Search words: ‘travel diary’ AND ‘GPS’, Young people’s use of urban space zas’, ‘squares’ in this database ‘travel diary’ AND ‘global positioning Search words: ‘young’ AND ‘city’, ‘young’ system’ AND ‘urban space’, For the search on literature related to the topic Psychology Parks of ’GPS tracking’, there has only been used Search words: ‘psychology’ AND ‘global Search words: ‘parks’ Google Scholar, which has also been used in positioning system’ Plazas relation to search on the specific topics of ‘pla- Architecture Search words: ‘plazas’ zas’, ‘squares’, ‘parks’, and young people’s use of Search words: ‘architecture’ AND ‘GPS’, Squares urban space’: ‘architecture’ AND ‘global positioning Search words: ‘urban squares’ system’ (in order not to confuse with ‘square’ as - Google Scholar Urban planning mathematical term) Young people’s use of urban space Search words: ‘urban planning’ AND Search words: ‘young city space’, ‘young’ ‘GPS’, ‘urban planning’ AND ‘global posi- - Bibliotek.dk (Danish interface, why all sear- AND ‘urban space’ tioning system’ ches have been conducted in Danish) Parks Transport(ation) Young people’s use of urban space Search words: ‘parks’ Search words: ‘transport?’ AND ‘GPS’, Search words: ‘unge OG byrum’, ‘unge OG Plazas ‘transport?’ AND ‘global positioning urban rum’, ’ung urban’, ’unge OG urbant Search words: ‘plazas’ system’ rum’, ’unge og urban rum’

16 Practical approach

Text message Search parameters ding the significance of the amount of citings. Search words: ‘text message’ AND ‘GPS’, Initially the literature search is focused on For a reference to be found relevant the key- ‘text message’ AND ‘global positioning literature by the three authors ’Gehl, Jan’, words of the search should either be in the title, system’ ‘Goffman, Erving’ and ‘Whyte, William Hol- keywords or abstract of the reference. SMS lingsworth’, where their names have been used Search words: ‘sms’ AND ‘GPS’, ‘sms’ AND as primary search keywords. As literature has The search for literature on ‘GPS tracking’ has ‘global positioning system’ been acquired from libraries, the search has uncovered a few critical authors within the Tourism been extended concerning search on specific area, and therefore a search has been made Search words: ‘tourism’ AND ‘GPS’, ‘tou- titles which are referred to in other publicati- directly on the publications of these authors rism’ AND ‘global positioning system’ ons. as listed on each of their home institute’s web- Zoo page. These authors are: Search words: ‘zoo’ AND ‘GPS’, ‘zoo’ AND Concerning literature on the topics of ‘plazas’, ‘global positioning system’ ‘squares’, ‘parks’, and ‘young people’s use of - Henrik Harder Tourism and Zoo urban space’ the topics have of course consti- - Kaj Axhausen Search words: ‘tourism’ AND ‘zoo’ AND tuted the main keywords of the search supple- - Harry Timmermans ‘GPS’, ‘tourism’ AND ‘zoo’ AND ‘global mented with a time range from 1990-present - Noam Shoval positioning system’ and further limitations of the search, inclu- Data collection ding searching for peer reviewed articles in Literature by Henrik Harder and Ole B. Jensen Search words: ‘data collection’ AND ‘GPS’, full text only and including/excluding speci- respectively has been carried out as a search ‘data collection’ AND ‘global positioning fic subjects, categories, document types, and based on a list of specific titles obtained from system’ only searching for articles where keyword these two authors. The previously mentioned Research appear in title etc. in order to target the lite- databases have been used for this work as well Search words: ‘research’ AND ‘GPS’, rature search. The resulting references have as Henrik Harder’s and Ole B. Jensen’s personal ‘research’ AND ‘global positioning system’ been listed by relevance where maximum the profiles with lists of publications on Aalborg Economy and business administration 100 first results have been looked through in University’s web page [aau.dk, a][aau.dk, b]. Search words: ‘economy’ AND ‘GPS’, ‘eco- detailed description, and following only the nomy’ AND ‘global positioning system’, most relevant literature has been saved both ‘economy’ AND ‘business administration’ as full text documents and references in the AND ‘GPS’, ‘economy’ AND ‘business RefWorks database. Evaluation of the articles’ administration’ AND ‘global positioning degree of relevance is based on abstracts, key- system’ words, author(s) and publication details. Environmental Health Search words: ‘environmental health’ AND The search for literature on ’GPS tracking’ has ‘GPS’, ‘environmental health’ AND ‘global been carried out in Google Scholar only and positioning system’ approximately the first 100 publications for each search have been looked through. When a relevant reference is found cited by a significant number of other articles, these have also been looked through. The volume of a given search area has been considered when deci-

17 18 Practical approach

Physical database Since there is a limit as to the size and amount rature by Henrik Harder and Ole B. Jensen is The physical organisation of literature by and of literature that can be attached to references only listed in the digital database and conse- et al. is done according to publication year in the digital database, this is complemented quently not complemented in the physical or (descending) and the subcategory about as with a physical database, where the literature server-based database, since these two aut- well as the bibliographies on topics will be can be found in full and eventually copied. hors are the main initiators and end users of organised by primary author. Every binder has Consequently, there exists a separate digital the reference databases, and consequently an index of the contained literature. server-based database, where all electronic have private copies of their own publications articles and scanned literature is saved. already. Delimitations Due to various circumstances it has not been Literature by Gehl, Goffman and Whyte Finally, the articles related to ’GPS tracking’ possible to obtain a physical copy of all lite- respectively has primarily been borrowed, have also not been printed due to the great rature, why some literature is missing in the however, some of the most important literature amount of articles found in relation to this physical database. However, this is literature has been bought, and many articles have been topic (1034 references). which is less quoted - which is also part of the obtained from libraries as hard copies to keep reason why it has not been possible to obtain or as digital copies. All literature that has been Reference management the specific literature - and consequently this borrowed as hard copies is copied for the phy- The physical database is organised in accor- literature is considered of minor relevance sical database, and an extract has been scanned dance with the listing of the literature in the for this literature study and the overall DUS in accordance with copyright legislation for the bibliographies (see Results, pp. 16 -61). Con- research project. digital server-based database. Literature with sequently, the binders with the copied/printed references to Gehl, Goffman and Whyte as well literature are titled according to the specific as literature on the topics of ‘plazas’, ‘squares’, category of either author or topic: ‘parks’, and ‘young people’s use of urban space’ consists primarily of articles obtained as elec- Author: tronic copies. - Gehl, Jan - Goffman, Erving The physical database consists of all literature - Whyte, William Hollingsworth by Gehl, Goffman and Whyte (both by and et al.-literature) as well as all literature on the Topic: topics of ‘plazas’, ‘squares’, ‘parks’, and ‘young - Parks people’s use of urban space’. Most of the lite- - Plazas rature with references to Gehl, Goffman and - Squares Whyte, which primarily consists of articles - Young people’s use of urban space obtained as electronic copies, has not been printed. This is both due to timewise concerns The binders of ‘Gehl, Jan’, ‘Goffman, Erving’ as well as concerns related to the relevance of and ‘Whyte, William Hollingsworth’, are these articles for the DUS research project, furthermore subtitled respectively ‘by’, ‘et al.’ where these articles are not necessarily of a and ‘about’ as explained previously (Methodi- high relevance topic-wise. Furthermore, lite- cal approach – Literature categorization on p. 9).

19 At Nytorv in Aalborg 20 Results

Results

In the literature search there is found a total amount of 1845 references, where some are listed under several authors and/ or topics. Below is a listing of the amount of references found for the specific authors and topics including eventual subcategories of the authors (‘by’, ‘et al.’, ‘about’ and ‘Ingrid Gehl’).

Following, the results of the literature search will be presented in terms of bibliographies generated from the digital database in RefWorks. The bibliographies are divided into the previously mentioned subcategories, where the subcategories ‘by’, ‘et al.’ and ‘Ingrid Gehl’ will be sorted by publication year (descending) and the subcategory ‘about’ as well as the bibliographies on topics will be sorted by primary author.

References in the digital database which are listed in the bibliographies on the following pages but which has not been obtained for the physical database are marked with a *.

Total amount of references 1845

Gehl, Jan 227

by : 45 et al. : 75 about : 102 Ingrid Gehl : 5

Goffman, Erving 49

by : 32 et al. : 2 about : 15

Harder, Henrik 57

by : 7 et al. : 49 about : 1

Jensen, Ole B. 57

by : 28 et al. : 29

Whyte, William Hollingsworth 195

by : 42 et al. : 8 about : 145

Topics 1260

Parks : 44 Plazas : 15 Squares : 20 Young people’s use of urban space : 147 GPS tracking : 1034

21 Aalborg harbour front 22 Results / Gehl, Jan

Gehl, Jan Bibliographies

Gehl, J. 2011, ””Three Types of Outdoor Acti- Gehl, J. 2002, ”Europas generobring!” in Gehl, J. 1993, ”Banegårdsplads”, Hovedstaden vities”, ”Life Between Buildings”, and Bykultur - et spørgsmål om stil, ed. (71.956305), vol. 4 November, pp. 14. ”Outdoor Activities and the Quality of B. Schläger, Foreningen til Hovedsta- Outdoor Space” - from Life Between dens Forskønnelse, i kommision hos Gehl, J. 1990, ”»Byarkitektur - med det hele! Buildings: Using Public Space (1987)” Arkitektens Forlag, København; Kbh, ...eller den nedgroede pølsevogn på tor- in City reader : Routledge Urban Rea- pp. 25-30. vet«”, Bygning - by og land / Landsfor- der Series, eds. R.T. LeGates & F. Stout, eningen for Bygnings- og Landskabs- 5.ed. edn, New York, N.Y. : Routledge, Gehl, J. 2002, Først livet, så rummene, Politi- kultur, vol. 1990, no. 12, pp. 12-13. New York, pp. 530-539. ken, Kbh. Gehl, J. 1989, ”Hovedstadens gader, torve Gehl, J. 2010, Byer for mennesker, 1. udgave Gehl, J. 1999, ”Making Room for People” in og pladser- ønskes: en byrumspolitik”, edn, Bogværket, Kbh. City and Culture - Cultural Proces- Hovedstaden (71.956305), , no. 1, pp. ses and Urban Sustainability, eds. L. 4-5. Gehl, J. 2010, Cities for people, Island Press, Nyström & C. Fudge, 1. ed. edn, The Washington. Swedish Urban Environment Council, Gehl, J. 1988, ”De gjorde en by fortræd”, Boverket, Stockholm; Karlskrona, pp. Hovedstaden (71.956305), , no. 4, pp. Gehl, J. 2007, ”Public spaces for a changing 235-247. 4-5. public life” in Open space, People space, eds. C. Ward Thompson & P. Gehl, J. 1999, ”Europas generobring!”, Hoved- Gehl, J. 1987, Life between buildings : using Travlou, London : Taylor & Francis, staden (71.956305), , no. 3, pp. 21-24. public space, Van Nostrand Reinhold, London, pp. 3-9. New York. * Gehl, J. 1998, Byrum & byliv: Aker Brygge, Gehl, J. 2006, ”Life, Spaces, Buildings - And Oslo 1998, Linstow, Oslo. * Gehl, J. 1986, ”Snublede gågaderne?”, Stads- Said in Order, Please” in Urban design og havneingeniøren, vol. 77, no. 8, pp. futures, eds. M. Moor & J. Rowland, Gehl, J. 1994, ”Bymidtens udvikling fra 1950 206-210. London : Routledge, London, pp. 70-75. til i dag”, paper til konferencen Byens offentlige rum, Byplanhistorisk Udvalgs Gehl, J. 1985, At lære af Los Angeles, Politi- Gehl, J. 2005, Stadsrum och stadsliv i Stock- 7. seminar, juni 1992, Gammel Dok, ken, Kbh. * holms innerstad: Problem och potential eds. V. Dalgas & P. Strømstad, Dansk 2005, Gehl Architects, København. Byplanlaboratorium;, Tutein & Koch, Gehl, J. 1984, ”Byudvikling eller når bare København, juni 1992, pp. 55. verden går frem så ...”, Arkitekten, , pp. Gehl, J. 2003, ”De nye byrum og det nye 368-369. * byliv” in Til stede : byens rom, eds. P.H. Gehl, J. 1994, Public spaces & public life in Butenschøn & M.H. Holsen, Norsk Perth: report for the Government of Gehl, J. 1983, ”Menneskers brug af det fysiske form / Pax forlag, Oslo, pp. 155 pp. * Western Australia and the City of Perth, miljø” in Miljøforbedring : bidrag til (s.n.), Perth. * debatten om kriminalprævention i Gehl, J. 2002, ”Keynote Address: City living / boligbebyggelser : et forprojekt udført Identification of Issues”, paper in From Gehl, J. 1994, ”Lys i vinduerne - liv i gaderne”, af tegnestuen John Allpass, eds. John work place to living space, Report on Hovedstaden (71.956305), , no. 3, pp. 3. Allpass Aps & Planstyrelsen, Miljømini- the Wellington Civic Trust Seminar, steriet, Planstyrelsen, Kbh., pp. 46-54. 13 July 2002. Proceedings, eds. A. Gehl, J. 1993, ”Fra Strøget til Strædet: 30 år Atkins & The Wellington Civic Trust, med gågader i Danmark”, Arkitekten, Wellington : Wellington Civic Trust, vol. 95, no. 11, pp. 394-399. Wellington, July 13 2002, pp. 11 / 47. 23 Gehl, J. 1981, ”Byfornyelsen og mødeste- Gehl, J. 1969, Attraktioner på Strøget: Attrak- derne” in Bedre byer at bo i, eds. F. Lar- tionsanalyse på grundlag af placeringen sen & L. Schmidt-Madsen, Vindrose, af stående personer på Vimmelskaftet Kbh., pp. 57-76. og Amagertorv februar, marts, april, maj og juli 1968, Kunstakademiets Gehl, J. 1980, Livet mellem husene - udeakti- Arkitektskole, København. * viteter og udemiljøer, 2. rev. udg. edn, , Købehavn. Gehl, J. 1969, Over murene i dansk boligbyg- geri, Dagbladet Information, Kbh. Gehl, J. 1980, ”Børnene, cyklerne og de danske bymønstre” in Små cyklister, ed. Gehl, J. 1969, ”Deres legepladser - vores byg- V. Laursen, 1. ed. edn, Dansk Cyklist geri”, Arkitekten, , no. 71, pp. 648-649. Forbund, Kbh., pp. 35-39. Gehl, J. 1969, ”Stort hus - små mennesker”, Gehl, J. 1979, ”Hvad § 40 også skal bruges til Byplan, , no. 21, pp. 160-161. * eller det hedder ganske vist opholds- og legegader, men”, Arkitekten, vol. 81, no. Gehl, J. 1969, ”Mennesker og trafik i Helsin- 6, pp. 111-117. gør”, Byplan, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 132-133.

Gehl, J. 1979, ”Trafikadskillelse i teori- og Gehl, J. 1968, Mennesker og trafik i Helsingør: praksis”, Arkitekten, vol. 81, no. 7, pp. Stengade - Bjergegade - Stjernegade - 130-133. 21. juni 1967 - 10. juli 1968, Helsingør kommune, Teknisk forvaltning. Gehl, J. 1976, ”Skandinaverne og vejret”, Landskap, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 37-41. Gehl, J. 1966, ”Torve og pladser”, Arkitekten, vol. 68, no. 16, pp. 317-329. * Gehl, J. 1974, ”Bygader”, Arkitekten, vol. 76, no. 9, pp. 175-179. Gehl, J. 1961, ”Om creativitet”, Arkitekten, vol. 63, no. 26, pp. 486-488. Gehl, J. 1974, ”I byen på to hjul”, Danskform, vol. 45, no. 6/7, pp. 10-12.

Gehl, J. 1972, Sejerø kirke, 2. udgave edn, Sejerø Menighedsråd, Sejerø.

Gehl, J. 1970, Bilerne og os, Berlingske Tidende, Kbh. *

Gehl, J. 1970, Byggeriets boligproblem, Ber- lingske Tidende, Kbh. *

24 Results / Gehl, Jan

Et al.

Gehl Architects & Institute for Transporta- Gehl Architects, Queensland & Dept of Gehl, J., Schulze, O., Jul Larsen, L., Gehl tion and Development Policy (U.S.) Infrastructure and Planning 2009, A Architects & Federal Ministry of 2011, Our cities ourselves 10 principles People oriented vision for Brisbane : Transport,Building and Urban Affairs for transport in urban life [Home- public realm strategy, Gehl Architects, 2007, ”Baukultur” as an impulse for page of Institute for transportation Copenhagen, Denmark. growth, Good examples for European and Development Policy], [Online]. cities, Berlin : Federal Ministry of Available: http://www.itdp.org/ Gehl, J. & Matan, A. 2009, ”Two perspectives Transport, Building and urban Affairs, documents/2011-OurCitiesOursel- on public spaces”, Building Research & Berlin. ves_Booklet.pdf; http://www.itdp.org/ Information, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 106-109. documents/2011-OurCitiesOurselves_ Gehl, J., Gehl Architects & Fonden Realdania Booklet.pdf. Gehl, J., Public spaces & public life in Perth, 2006, Bryghusgrunden, Analyse, stra- Gehl Architects, Perth (W.A. : Munici- tegi, idekatalog, København : Realdania, Gehl, J., Van Zetten, A., GEHL Architects, pality), Council, Western Australia & København. Launceston (Tas.) & Council 2011, , Dept. for Planning and Infrastructure Launceston public spaces and public 2009, Perth 2009 : public spaces & pub- Gehl, J., Gemzøe, L., Kirknæs, S. & Sønderga- life [Homepage of Launceston, Tas. : lic life, City of Perth, Dept. for Planning ard, B.S. 2006, Det nye byliv, 1. udgave Launceston City Council ; Copenhagen and Infrastructure, Perth, W.A. edn, Arkitektens Forlag, København. : GEHL Architects], [Online]. Available: http://www.stors.tas.gov.au/au-7-0092- Københavns Kommune, Teknik- og Miljøfor- Gehl, J., Gemzøe, L., Kirknæs, S. & Søn- 00476; http://www.stors.tas.gov.au/ valtningen 2009, Tag parken i lommen! dergaard, B.S. 2006, New city life, 1. au-7-0092-00476. Forslag til 14 lommeparker i Køben- edition edn, Danish Architectural Press, havn., Københavns Kommune, Teknik- Copenhagen. Gehl Architects 2010, Hobart 2010 public og Miljøforvaltningen, København. spaces and public life : a city with Gehl Architects 2005, Places for people, people in mind, Hobart City Council, Seattle (Wash.), Dept. of Transportation, Melbourne 2004, City of Melbourne, Hobart. Seattle (Wash.), Dept. of Planning Melbourne. and Development, Gehl Architects, Gehl Architects, Christchurch (N.Z.) & City International Sustainability Institute, Gehl, J., Kaefer, L.J. & Reigstad, S. 2005, Close Council 2010, Christchurch 2009 : pub- University of Washington & Green encounters with buildings, Centre lic space, public life, Christchurch City Futures Research and Design Lab 2009, for Public Space Research/Realdania Council, Christchurch, N.Z. Downtown Seattle 2009, public spaces Research, Institute of Planning, School & public life, City of Seattle, Seattle, of Architecture, The Royal Danish Gehl, J. & Nielsen, K.H. 2010, ”Life and Buil- Wash. Academy of Fine Arts, Cph. * dings” in Mind your behaviour: how architecture shapes behaviour, eds. E. Gehl Architects & Fredericia Kommune 2007, Gehl Architects 2004, Towards a fine city Hviid-Nielsen & S. Michaëlis, 1.ed. edn, Fæstningsbyen Fredericia : strategi- og for people: Public spaces and public Dansk Arkitektur Center, DAC, 3×N, byrumsplan 2007, Fredericia Kom- life - London June 2004, Transport for København, pp. 113-117. mune, Fredericia. London, London.

Gehl, J. & Friis, N. 2010, ”Byer for mennesker”, Danske ark byg, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 6-7.

25 Gehl Architects 2004, City to Waterfront - Gehl, J., Gemzøe, L. & Center for Byrums- Gehl Architects 2002, Flintholm kvarteret - Wellington October 2004: Public spaces forskning, K.A. 2003, Byens rum - byliv og byrum 2002: en vurdering af and public life study, Wellington City byens liv, 4 årtiers byrumsforskning ved det kommende byliv og kvaliteterne i Council, Wellington. Kunstakademiets Arkitektskole, Public Flintholm kvarteret på Frederiksberg, space - public life: 4 decades of public sommer 2002, Gehl Architects, Køben- Gehl Architects 2004, Wakefield strategy plan, space research at Kunstakademiets havn. December 2004, City of Wakefield, Arkitektskole, København : Kunstaka- Wakefield. demiets Arkitektskole, København. * Gehl Architects 2002, Byens rum & byens liv Vejle 2002, Vejle Kommune, Vejle. Gehl, J. & Gemzøe, L. 2004, Public Spaces Gehl, J., Søholt, H., Grassov, L., Gehl Public Life Copenhagen, 3.ed. edn, Architects - Urban Quality Consultants, Gehl Architects 2002, Public spaces & public Danish Architectural Press, and Royal Ørestad Nord Gruppen, Statens Uddan- life in Riga city centre, Gehl Architects Danish Academy of Fine Arts, School nelses- & Forskningsbygninger, Køben- Aps, København, Denmark. * of Architecture, Copenhagen. havns Kommune, Ørestadsselskabet, Københavns Universitets Amager, K. & Gehl, J. & Gemzøe, L. 2002, ”Center for Gehl, J., Kaefer, L.J. & Reigstad, S. 2004, Nær- Danmarks Radio, D.R.B. 2003, Byrum byrumsforskning. Byens rum - byens kontakt med huse: byer til mennesker, og byliv i Universitetskvarteret - et liv” in Byforskningens rum, Katalog, Arkitektens Forlag, Kbh. idekatalog, Ørestad Nord Gruppen, Fields of urban research. Catalogue, København. eds. P. Duelund Mortensen & H. Gehl, J., Kaefer, L.J. & Reigstad, S. 2004, ”Nær- Ovesen, København : Kunstakademiets kontakt med huse”, Arkitekten, vol. 106, Gehl, J. & Gemzøe, L. 2003, ”Winning back Arkitektskole, København, pp. 206 s. * no. 9, pp. 6-21. public space. On the clear signs of a new urban quality.”, polis: Zeitschrift Gehl, J., Søholt, H., Adelaide (S. Aust.), Gemzøe, L. 2004, ”From car invasion to fyr Stadt und Baukultur, vol. 15, no. 1, Corporation, Adelaide (S. Aust.), South people places”, paper in Cities for pp. 23. Australia, Capital City Committee & people: Walk21 Century 5. Confe- Gehl Architects 2002, Public spaces rence, Copenhagen 2004: Conference Gehl, J., Messerschmidt, E. & Schläger, B. and public life : City of Adelaide, 2002, Proceedings - debriefing, program (eds) 2003, Fremtidens Bedre Byrum: Planning SA, Adelaide, (S. Aust.). * and Keynote procedings, eds. J. Gehl, visioner og drømme, 1st edn, Fonden L. Gemzøe, R.M. Hess & Center for Realdania, Kbh. Henning Larsens Tegnestue A/S, Stig L. Byrumsforskning, Kunstakademiets Andersson Landskabsarkitekter & Arkitektskole / The Centre for Public Andersen, M.L., Andersson, S.L., Gehl, J., Gehl Architects 2002, ”Frederiksberg Space Research, Center for Byrums- Kofoed, M. & Messerschmidt, E. (eds) bymidte” in Copenhagen X, Internatio- forskning, København. * 2002, Bedre byrum, Programoplæg til nal by- og boligudstilling København / konkurrence udskrevet af Foreningen Frederiksberg 2002-2012. Katalog, ed. Gehl, J. & Gemzøe, L. 2003, ”Winning back Realdanmark, Bedre Byrum, Køben- L. Gamst, København : Copenhagen X, public space” in Sustainable transport havn. * København. - Planning for walking and cycling in urban environments, ed. R.S. Tolley, Andersson, S.L. & Gehl, J. 2002, ”Oplyste Gehl, J. & Mortensn, L.O. 2000, Livet mellem Cambridge / Boca Raton : Woodhead byrum”, Stads- og havneingeniøren, vol. husene, Peter Bech film, distribution: Publishing / CRC, Cambridge / Boca 93, no. 3, pp. 34-36. Det Danske Filminstitut / DFI, Den- Raton, pp. 97-106. mark.

26 Results / Gehl, Jan

Gehl, J. & Gemzøe, L. 2000, Nye byrum, 2. Gehl, J. & City of Melbourne, Urban Design Skjalm P., H., Gehl, J. & Ellegaard Frederiksen, ed., 2001 edn, København : Arkitektens Branch and Strategic Planning Branch E. 1988, En bedre Gammel Kongevej - Forlag, København; Kbh. 1994, Places for people Melbourne City hvordan? Foreningen til Hovedstadens 1994, City of Melbourne, Melbourne. Forskønnelse, Frederiksberg. Gehl, J. & Gemzøe, L. 2000, New city spaces, The Danish Architectural Press, Cph. * Gehl, J. & Gemzøe, L. 1992, Ikke for skolen - Bergdahl, K., Gehl, J. & Steensen, A. 1987, men for byen, Berlingske Tidende, Kbh. ”Bylivet i Københavns indre by: Gehl, J. & Gemzøe, L. 1999, Arkitekterne og Brugsmønstre og udviklingstendenser de nye byrum, Seminar om nye byrum i Glargaard Hansen, L., Gehl, J. & Gemzøe, L. 1968-1986”, Arkitekten, vol. 89, no. 12, hele verden, Kunstakademiets Arki- 1992, ”Nyhavn - 10 år efter”, Arkitekten, pp. 285-300. tektskole, Afdelingen for bybygning, vol. 94, no. 4, pp. 108-111. København. Brandt, L., Gehl, J. & Juul-Sørensen, H. 1984, Gehl, J., Gemzøe, L., Grønlund, B. & Holm- ”Gågaderne i Danmark”, Arkitekten, Gehl Architects 1998, Byens rum & byens liv, gren, S. 1991, Bedre byrum: idékatalog vol. 86, no. 3, pp. 50-63. Odense 1998, Gehl Architects, Kbh. og eksempelsamling, Dansk Byplanla- boratorium, Kbh. Friis, D., Gehl, J., Sode, R. & Aabye, H. 1984, Gehl, J., Stougaard, A., Basse Kristensen, E., ”Junidage på havnefronten”, Arkitekten, Schiøtz, O., Gehl Architects, U.Q.C. Gehl, J., Stockholms Fastighetskontor vol. 86, no. 18, pp. 365-367. * & Carl Bro A.S. 1997, Københavns & Stockholms Stadsbyggnads- Rådhusplads, Evaluering, januar 1997, kontor 1991, Stadsrum & stads- Bundgaard, A., Gehl, J. & Skoven, E. 1982, Københavns Kommune, Magistratens 4. liv i Stockholms city, Stockholms ”Bløde kanter: Hvor bygning og byrum afdeling, København. fastighetskontor;Stockholms stadsbygg- mødes. Udeaktivitet i fire københavnske nadskontor, Stockholm. bygader. Brug af udearealer i Hylde- Gehl, J. & Schiøtz, O. 1997, ”Evaluering af spjældet og Galgebakken. Bløde kanter Rådhuspladsen”, Stads- og havneinge- Bergdahl, K. & Gehl, J. 1989, Byliv Odense i boligområder - sammenfatning og niøren, vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 4, 6, 8-12. 1988: bylivet i Odense centrum: konklusion”, Arkitekten, vol. 84, no. 21, brugsmønstre juni-august 1988, Odense pp. s.421- 438, Bibl. s. 425, ill. Gehl, J. & Gemzøe, L. 1996, Byens rum - magistrat, 2. afdeling, planlægningsaf- byens liv, Arkitektens Forlag, og Kunst- delingen, Odense. * Skoven, E., Gehl, J. & Bundgaard, A. 1982, akademiets Forlag, eksp. Arkitektens ”Hvor bygning og byrum mødes. Ude- Forlag, Kbh. Rasmussen, K., Fog-Møller, B., Arnfred, T., aktiviteter i fire københavnske bygader. Gehl, J. & Byggeriets Udviklingsråd Brug af udearealer i Hyldespjældet og Gehl, J. & Gemzøe, L. 1996, ”Byen rum i 1989, Glasudestuer i etagebyggeri, En Galgebakken. Bløde kanter i boligom- Europa - og i Nordamerika 1962-1996”, undersøgelse af glasudestuernes brug i råder - sammenfatning og konklusion.”, Arkitektur DK, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 1-6. Sibeliusparken, Rødovre, BUR, Byggeri- Arkitekten, vol. 84, no. 21, pp. 421-438. ets Udviklingsråd, København. Yencken, D., Gehl, J. & Gemzøe, L. 1995, Gehl, J., Gemzøe, L. & Holmgren, S. 1979, Central Copenhagen pedestrian survey Bergdahl, K., Foght, A. & Gehl, J. 1988, Byliv ”Byker - en blødere by”, Blød by, vol. 1, - 1995, Kunstakademiets Arkitektskole, Oslo 1987 - Bylivet i Oslo centrum, no. 6, pp. 44-47. København. Brugsmønstre maj-sept. 1987, Oslo Kommune, Oslo.

27 About

Gehl, J., Gralle, J., Knudsen, K., Hansen, J.K., Gehl, J. 1968, ”Mennesker til fods”, Arkitekten, Alvarsson Hjort, A. 2009, Perceptionsteori Abildgaard, J., Dalsgaard, L.M., Pers- vol. 70, no. 20, pp. 429-446. som sätt att utvärdera parker - Eye- son, A., Therkildsen, M., Graversen, tracking inom landskapsarkitektu- M., Lorenzen, C., Dahl, T., Hansen, Bruun, A., Hansen, S., Mygind, E. & Gehl, J. ren, SLU, Dept. of Urban and Rural F., Sloth, L. & Storm, U. 1978, Studier 1967, ”Høje Gladsaxe”, Havekunst, vol. Development. i Burano - Rapport fra en studierejse 48, pp. 125-143. foretaget af tre afdelinger fra Kunstaka- Balle, A. 1987, ”Nænsom restaurering af demiets Arkitektskole: Visuel Kommu- Gehl, I. & Gehl, J. 1966, STUDIER OVER Værslev kirke - hovedaksen fremhæves nikation, Urban Design samt Institut- ANVENDELSEN AF BYRUM: 3 artik- stærkt”, dpa; Danske Praktiserende sektion 3D Bygningskunst, Arkitektens ler fra Arkitekten 16, 21 og 23/1966: Arkitekter, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 42,-44-45. Forlag, København. Torve og pladser, Mennesker i byer, Fire italienske torve, Arkitektens Forlag, Beatley, T. 2000, Green urbanism : learning Thornton, S., Brack, F. & Gehl, J. 1976, The København. * from European cities, Island Press, interface between public and private Washington, DC. territories in residential areas : A study Gehl, J. & Gehl, I. 1966, ”Mennesker i byer”, Benarroch, J. 2008, Facaderne falder, De Ber- by students of Architecture at Mel- Arkitekten, vol. 68, no. 21, pp. 425-443. lingske Dagblade, Kbh. bourne University under the supervi- Gehl, J. & Gehl, I. 1966, ”Fire italienske torve”, sion of Jan Gehl, Melbourne Univer- Arkitekten, vol. 68, no. 23, pp. 474- Bendixen, T. 2009, Biler haves Bymiljø ønskes, sity, Department of architecture and 485.* Berlingske Tidende, Kbh. building, Melbourne. Ben-Joseph, E. 1995, ”Changing the resi- Gehl, J. & Varming, M. 1975, Derfor ingen dential street scene: Adapting the forlængelse af Lyngbyvejen, Politiken, shared street (woonerf) concept to the Kbh. * suburban environment”, Journal of the American Planning Association, vol. Dahl, T. & Gehl, J. 1969, Konstruktioner i 61, no. 4, pp. 504-515. Høje Gladsaxe, Kunstakademiets arkitektskole, [Soniolog, psykolog, arkitekt- Berge, G., Fyhri, A. & Jacobsen, J.K.S. 2000, studiekreds, SPAS], København. * ”Dagliglivets landskapsopplevelser”, Transportøkonomisk Institutt (TØI) Gehl, J., Fabrin, T. & Fabrin, P. 1969, ”En rapport, vol. 481, pp. 53. gennemgang af Albertslund”, Landskap, vol. 50, pp. 33-39. Biddulph, M. 2012, ”Street Design and Street Use: Comparing Traffic Calmed and Gehl, J., Fabrin, T. & Fabrin, P. 1969, ”Beboer- Home Zone Streets”, Journal of Urban nes Albertslund”, Boligen, , no. 37, pp. Design, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 213-232. 182-85. Bohl, C.C. 2000, ”New urbanism and the city: Grinderslev, P. & Gehl, J. 1969, ”Povl Ernst & Potential applications and implications Bennet Windinge”, Arkitektur, , no. 13, for distressed inner‐city neighbor- pp. 173-187. hoods”, Housing Policy Debate, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 761-801. 28 Results / Gehl, Jan

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29 Ghorbani, H., Haghparast, F. & Farahi-nia, Hanzl, M. 2012, ”Redeveloping the City Karrholm, M. 2009, ”To the rhythm of shop- A.H. 2008, ”650: Evaluating psycho- Structure–the Case of Lodz ‘New City ping—on synchronisation in urban logical effects of climatic factors in Center’”, paper for the conference REAL landscapes of consumption”, Social & educational environments”, paper for CORP 2011: CHANGE FOR STABI- Cultural Geography, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. the PLEA 2008 – 25th Conference on LITY: Lifecycles of Cities and Regions, 421-440. Passive and Low Energy Architecture, eds. M. SCHRENK, V.V. POPOVICH DublinDublin, 22nd to 24th October & P. ZEILE, , 18-20 May 2011, pp. 803- Kelly, J.F. 2012, Social Cities, Grattan Institute, 2008. 812. Australia.

Giddings, B., Charlton, J. & Horne, M. 2011, Harder, H., Bro, P. & Knudsen, A.M. 2010, Klaasen, I.T. 2003, ”Knowledge-based design: ”Public squares in European city cen- ”The Aalborg case-GPS tracking of 169 developing urban & regional design tres”, Urban Design International, vol. young adults in a Danish central city into a science”, . 16, no. 3, pp. 202-212. area: The Aalborg case–GPS-tracking of young adults in the central city”, paper Knez, I. & Thorsson, S. 2006, ”Influences of Gotschi, T. 2011, ”Costs and benefits of bicy- for the 24th AESOP Annual Conferen- culture and environmental attitude on cling investments in Portland, Oregon”, ceFinland, 7 – 10 July 2010. thermal, emotional and perceptual eva- Journal of Physical Activity and Health, luations of a public square”, Internatio- vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 49-58. Hebsgaard, T. 2011, Med andre øjne: Dansk nal journal of biometeorology, vol. 50, livsstil som eksportvare, Dagbladet no. 5, pp. 258-268. Grahn, P. & Stigsdotter, U.K. 2010, ”The Information, Kbh. relation between perceived sensory Kowalik, M. & Guaralda, M. 2011, ”Mapping dimensions of urban green space and Hess, P.M., Moudon, A.V., Snyder, M.C. & resilience: A framework for changing stress restoration”, Landscape and Stanilov, K. 1999, ”Site design and cities”, paper in Proceedings of 4th Urban Planning, vol. 94, no. 3–4, pp. pedestrian travel”, Transportation International Urban design Conference, 264-275. Research Record: Journal of the Trans- ed. S. Hoekwater, AST Management Pty portation Research Board, vol. 1674, no. Ltd, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, Grimm-Pretner, D. 2004, ”Public Parks and 1, pp. 9-19. pp. 102. Squares in Viennese Urban Renewal Areas–Sites for Everyday Life”, paper Jensen, O.B. 2010, ”Negotiation in motion: Lamm, B. 2008, ”PLAyScAPeS–bevægelses- in Proceedings of Open Space: People Unpacking a geography of mobility”, installationer i by-og landskabsrum”, Space Conference, Edinburgh, UK. Space and Culture, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. Landskab, , no. 1, pp. 14-19. 389-402. Handy, S.L. 1996, ”Understanding the link Langelaar, C.M. & Spek, S.C. ”Visualizing between urban form and nonwork Kärrholm, M. 2008, ”The Territorialisation pedestrian flows using GPS-tracking to travel behavior”, Journal of Planning of a Pedestrian Precinct in Malmö: improve inner-city quality (No. 200)”, Education and Research, vol. 15, no. 3, Materialities in the Commercialisation paper for the conference Walk21 - The pp. 183-198. of Public Space”, Urban Studies, vol. 45, Hague Conference Papers, 2010. no. 9, pp. 1903-1924. Larice, M. & Macdonald, E. 2007, The urban design reader, London : Routledge, London.

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Lavanga, M. 2005, CITTÀ E CULTURA - McGuire, P.A. & Spates, J.L. 2011, ”The Ballet Peters, K. & de Haan, H. 2011, ”Everyday POLITICHE PER UNO SVILUPPO of the Streets: Teaching about Cities at spaces of inter-ethnic interaction: the URBANO Street Level”, Frontiers: The Interdisci- meaning of urban public spaces in the plinary Journal of Study Abroad, vol. Netherlands”, Leisure/Loisir, vol. 35, no. SOSTENIBILE BASATO SULLA CULTURA, 20, pp. 71-86. 2, pp. 169-190. IULM - Libera Università di Lingue e Comunicazione Milano. McIntyre, M.H. 2006, A literature review of Pol, E. & Robson, C. 1993, Environmental the social, economic and environmental psychology in Europe: From architec- Lillebye, E. 1996, ”Architectural and functio- impact of architecture and design, Scot- tural psychology to green psychology, nal relationships in street planning: an tish Executive Social Research. Avebury Aldershot. historical view”, Landscape and Urban Planning, vol. 35, no. 2–3, pp. 85-105. 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32 Results / Gehl, Jan

Ingrid Gehl

Weiss, K.L. 2010, ”Forsvar for humanismen”, Gehl, I. 1971, Bo-miljø, Teknisk Forlag i Arkitekten, vol. 112, no. 10, pp. 20-21. komm, Kbh.

Xu, M. & Yang, Z. 2008, ”Theoretical debate Gehl, I., Jensen, O., Petersen, E. & Vedel- on gated communities: genesis, contro- Petersen, F. 1971, Trivsel og sociale versies, and the way forward”, Urban normer i bo-miljøet - Forundersøgel- Design International, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. sesrapport, Mentalhygiejnisk Forsk- 213-226. ningsinstitut, Statens Byggeforsknings- institut, Kbh. Yuen, B. & Nyuk Hien, W. 2005, ”Resident perceptions and expectations of rooftop Gehl, I. & Vedel-Petersen, F. 1969, Bolig- gardens in Singapore”, Landscape and undersøgelse i bebyggelsen Værebro Urban Planning, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. Park, Statens Byggeforskningsinstitut 263-276. (Teknisk Forlag), Kbh.

Zacharias, J. 2001, ”Pedestrian behavior Gehl, I. & Vedel-Petersen, F. 1968, Havebo- pedestrian behavior and perception in ligens brug: en interviewundersøgelse urban walking environments”, Journal vedrørende de funktionelle aspekter i of Planning Literature, vol. 16, no. 1, haveboliger, Statens byggeforskning, pp. 3-18. afdeling bolig, København.

Zhang, W. & Lawson, G. 2009, ”Meeting and Gehl, I. & Vedel-Petersen, F. 1968, ”Havebo- greeting: Activities in public outdoor ligens brug”, Arkitekten, vol. 70, pp. spaces outside high-density urban 263-267. residential communities”, Urban Design International, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 207- 214.

33 In Kildeparken, Aalborg 34 Results / Goffman, Erving

Goffman, Erving Bibliographies

Goffman, E. 2010, Relations in Public : Goffman, E. 1981, Forms of Talk, University Goffman, E. 1971, Relations in Public : Microstudies of the Public Order, new of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. Microstudies of the Public Order, Basic ed. edn, Transaction Publishers, New Books, New York. Brunswick, N.J. Goffman, E. 1981, ”A Reply to Denzin and Keller”, Contemporary Sociology, vol. Goffman, E. 1969, Strategic Interaction, Uni- Goffman, E. & Helmreich, W.B. 2007, 10, no. 1, pp. 60-68. versity of Pennsylvania Press, Philadel- Asylums : essays on the social situation phia. of mental patients and other inmates, Goffman, E. 1979, Gender Advertisements, New edn, Aldine Transaction, New 1st Harper colophon edn, Harper & Goffman, E. 1969, Where the Action is: Three Brunswick, N.J. Row, New York. Essays, Allen Lane : Penguin Press, London. Goffman, E. 2005, Interaction ritual : essays in Goffman, E. 1978, ”Response Cries”, Lan- face-to-face behavior, Aldine Transac- guage: Journal of the Linguistic Society Goffman, E. 1967, Interaction Ritual : Essays tion, New Brunswick, N.J. of America, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 787-815. on Face-to-Face Behavior, 1st ed. edn, Harmondsworth : Penguin, Garden Goffman, E. 2003, ”Primary Frameworks” in Goffman, E. 1977, ”The Arrangement between City, N.Y. Philosophies of social science : the clas- the Sexes”, Theory & Society, vol. 4, no. sic and contemporary readings, eds. G. 3, pp. 301-331. Goffman, E. 1964, Danda, The Committee, Delanty & P. Strydom, Open University, Johannesburg. * Maidenhead, England ; Philadelphia, Goffman, E. 1976, ”Control by Word Power, pp. 402-405. II: The Structure of Remedial Inter- Goffman, E. 1964, ”The Neglected Situation”, changes” in Life Sentences: Aspects American Anthropologist, vol. 66, no. Goffman, E. 1999, ”On Face-Work: An Ana- of the Social Role of Language, ed. R. 6, Part 2: The Ethnography of Commu- lysis of Ritual Elements in Social Inter- Harre, Wiley, New York, pp. 66-74. nication, pp. pp. 133-136. action” in The Discourse Reader, eds. A. Jaworski & N. Coupland, Routledge, Goffman, E. 1975, ”Replies and Responses”, Goffman, E. 1963, Behavior in public places; London, England, pp. 306-320. Language in Society, vol. 5, no. 3, Dec., notes on the social organization of pp. 313. gatherings, Free Press of Glencoe, New Goffman, E. 1989, ”On fieldwork”, Journal of York. contemporary ethnography : a journal Goffman, E. 1975, ”Rejection : a possible of ethnographic research, vol. 18, pp. consequence of seeking help for mental Goffman, E. 1963, Stigma : Notes on the 132. disorders” in Deviant behavior and Management of Spoiled Identity, social process, ed. W.A. Rushing, Rand Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Goffman, E. & Berger, B.M. 1986, Frame McNally College Pub. Co, Chicago, pp. analysis an essay on the organization 515. * Goffman, E. 1961, Encounters : two studies in of experience, Northeastern University the sociology of interaction, 1st ed. edn, Press edn, Northeastern University Goffman, E. 1974, Frame analysis : an essay Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis. Press, Boston. on the organization of experience, 1st ed. edn, Harper & Row/Penguin, Har- Goffman, E. 1959, The Presentation of Self in Goffman, E. 1983, ”The Interaction Order: mondsworth/New York. Everyday Life, 1st Anchor Books ed., American Sociological Association, rev. edn, Anchor Books/Doubleday, 1982 Presidential Address”, American New York. Sociological Review, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 1-17. 35 Et al.

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Goffman, E. 1949, Some Characteristics of Response to Depicted Experience.

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Burns, T. & Goffman, E. 1992, Erving Goff- Loukaitou-Sideris, A. & Banerjee, T. 1993, man, Routledge, London. ”The negotiated plaza: design and development of corporate open space in Calvo, D.M. 2011, ” A ver quem passa”. O downtown Los Angeles and San Fran- Rossio. Proceso social y dinámicas cisco”, Journal of Planning Education interactivas en una plaza del centro de and Research, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-12. Lisboa, Universitat de Barcelona. Martincigh, L., Tonelli, C. & Fuller, T. 2010, Dovey, A.K. & Wood, S. 2011, ”PUBLIC/PRI- ”The walking environment design: VATE INTERFACES IN THE INNER indicators and measures.”, PQN Final CITY - Types, Adaptations, Assembla- Report – Part B1: Documentation – ges”, paper for the State of Australian Functional Needs., , pp. 277-302. Cities National Conference, 29. Nov. - 2. Dec. Peters, K. & de Haan, H. 2011, ”Everyday spaces of inter-ethnic interaction: the Drew, P. & Wootton, A.J. (eds) 1988, Erving meaning of urban public spaces in the Goffman : exploring the interaction Netherlands”, Leisure/Loisir, vol. 35, no. order, Polity Press, Cambridge. 2, pp. 169-190.

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37 In Kildeparken, Aalborg 38 Results / Harder, Henrik

Harder, Henrik Bibliographies

By Et al

Harder, H. 2010, ”Unges brug af byrum”, Harder, H., Bro, P. & Knudsen, A.S. 2012, ”On Christensen, P., Mikkelsen, M.R., Nielsen, Byplan, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 8-13. the GPS track of 169 young Danes in T.A.S. & Harder, H. 2011, ”Children, the urban landscape” in Urban Design mobility, and space: using GPS and Harder, H. 2010, ”Unges brug af byrum”, Book 2012 Aalborg Universitetsforlag, . mobile phone technologies in ethno- Dansk Byplanlaboratorium, , pp. 8-13. graphic research”, Journal of Mixed Harder, H., van Nes, A., Jensen, A.S., Reinau, Methods Research, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. Harder, H. 2003, ”A ”Network” and a ”Dic- K.H. & Weber, M. 2012, ”Time use 227-246. tum” : Shaping the urban landscape”, and movement behaviour of young paper for the AESO ACP Third joint people in cities : The application of GPS Harder, H. & Jensen, A.S. 2011, Park/Borge- CongressAeso ACP, , 8th July 2003. tracking in tracing movement pattern rundersøgelse - Jomfru Ane Parken, of young people for a week in Aalborg”, august 2011, Institut for Arkitektur, Hovgesen, H.H. 2003, ”Visioner og Etik : tra- paper for the conference Space Syntax Design og Medieteknologi, Aalborg, fiksikkerhedspolitik anno 2003”, paper Symposium 8, SSS8, 3th - 6th January Denmark. til konferencen Trafikdage på Aalborg 2012. Universitet 2003Aalborg Universitet, Harder, H. & Skov-Petersen, H. 2011, Quo Trafikforskningsgruppen, Aalborg, Knudstrup, M., Harder, H. & Brorson Fich, Vadis? - GPS registrering og det per- Danmark, 25.-26. august 2003. L. 2012, ”Den arkitektoniska trivs- sonlige rutevalg. lens grundelement och deras rolle i Hovgesen, H.H. 2002, Vejplanlægning, politik planeringsprocesse vid utformning av Harder, H., Suenson, V., Thuesen, N., Jensen, og praksis, Institut for Samfundsudvik- nya vådbostadsområden i danmark” A.S., Knudsen, A.S., Tradisauskas, N., ling og Planlægning, Aalborg Univer- in Antologi om Äldres boende, eds. Stigsen, T.K. & Weber, M. 2011, Col- sitet. M. Abramsson & C. Nord, Studentlit- lecting knowledge of biking behavior in teratur, . Copenhagen using GPS : The GPS data Hovgesen, H.H. 2000, Evaluering af Cykel- collection, Department of Arhcitecture, Bus’ter projektet : kørebøger : detal- Reinau, K.H., Harder, H. & Jensen, A.S. 2012, Design and Media Technology, Aalborg jerede analyser af CykelBus’ternes ”The use of GPS and SMS data in Universitet, Aalborg, Denmark. faktiske transportadfærd, Institut for illuminating the Mobility of Families: Samfundsudvikling og Planlægning, Fusing quantitative and qualitative Jensen, A.S. & Harder, H. 2011, Park/Borge- Aalborg Universitet. data”, paper for the Association of Ame- rundersøgelse - Sohngårdsholmparken, rican Geographers Annual Meeting august 2011, Institut for Arkitektur, Hovgesen, H.H. 1999, ”A comparative case 2012, 24-28th feb 2012. Design og Medieteknologi, Aalborg, study of the planning methods used in Danmark. the ”National Public Road Safety Plans” Reinau, K.H., Polak, J., Sivakumar, A. & from the Netherlands and Denmark Harder, H. 2012, ”Business models for Jensen, A.S. & Harder, H. 2011, Park/Borge- and recommended by the OECD Paper new transport data collection methods”, rundersøgelse - Østre Anlæg, august (990286)”, paper for the conference paper for the conference SHANTI 2011, Institut for Arkitektur, Design og 78th Transportation Research Board - Survey Harmonisation with New Medieteknologi. Annual Meeting, Washington, D. C., Technologies Improvement Barcelona January 1999. Meeting, 14th-16th March 2012.

39 Jensen, A.S., Harder, H. & Skov-Petersen, Harder, H., Bro, P. & Knudsen, A.S. 2010, Glud, L.N., Albrechtslund, A. & Harder, H. H. 2011, ”Automatisering af databe- ”The Aalborg case - GPS tracking of 2009, ”The Persuasive Qualities of handling af cykel GPS data”, paper til 169 young adults in a Danish central Maps”, paper in Proceedings of the 4th konferencen Kortdage 2011, 16.-18. city area : The Aalborg case - GPS- International Conference on Persuasive nov. 2011. tracking of young adults in the central TechnologyAssociation for Computing city”, paper for the 24th AESOP Annual Machinery, , 26th-29th April 2009. Knudsen, A.S., Harder, H., Simonsen, A.K. & Conference 2010 Space is Luxury, 7th- Stigsen, T.K. 2011, ”Employing smart 10th March 2010. Glud, L.N., Harder, H., Horst, N.R., Simonsen, phones as a planning tool: The Volls- A.K., Tradisauskas, N., Skov, H., Lyseen, mose case”, paper for the 4th Nordic Knudsen, A.S., Harder, H., Jensen, A.S., Tra- A.K., Bro, P., Henriksen, S. & Poulsen, Geographers Meeting, 26 maj 2011. disauskas, N., Simonsen, A.K., Hansen, J.S. 2009, GPS baseret kortlægning af J.H., Snizek, B. & Bro, P. 2010, GPS zoo gæsters brug af Aalborg Zoologiske Knudsen, A.S., Harder, H., Simonsen, A.K., based mapping of cyclists’ routes in Have, efteråret 2008, Institut for Arki- Stigsen, T.K. & Weber, M. 2011, At Copenhagen : A pilot survey, Depart- tektur, Design og Medieteknologi. tegne Vollsmose med fødderne. GPS ment of Architecture, Design & Media baseret kortlægning af unges bevæ- Technology, Aalborg, Denmark. Harder, H., Bro, P., Suenson, V., Skov, H., gelsesmønstre, Institut for Arkitektur, Lyseen, A.K., Jensen, A.S. & Lauridsen, Design og Medieteknologi, Aalborg, Nielsen, N.C., Harder, H., Tradisauskas, N. & H.S. 2009, Aalborg Undersøgelsen 2009 Danmark. Stilling-Blichfeldt, B. 2010, ”Approaches : Tracking i Aalborg, Dansk Arkitektur to GPS-survey of tourist movements Center, København, Danmark. Madsen, J.C.O., Andrade, V., Jensen, O.B. & within a North Sea island destination”, Harder, H. 2011, ”Fremme af Cykel- paper for the conference ENTER 2010 Harder, H., Pelle, S., Skov, H., Lyseen, A.K. trafik”, paper til konferencen Vejforum @ Lugano, 10th-12th feb. 2012. & Wind, S. 2009, Skanseparken - Park 2011, 7.-8. december 2011. Life at the Skanseparken, Nørresundby Nielsen, T.A.S., Harder, H. & Jensen, P.N. 2009, Department of Architecture, Reinau, K.H., Harder, H., Ozimek, L., Thom- 2010, ”Detecting user patterns in public Design and Media Technology. sen, M.V., Weber, M. & Jensen, A.S. green space : A GPS based survey of 2011, Combining GPS Tracking and people’s behavior and movement pat- Harder, H., Pelle, S., Skov, H., Lyseen, A.K. & SMS Data : A State-Of-The-Art Method terns in a park in Denmark”, paper for Wind, S. 2009, Aalborg City - Urban for Tracking of Mobility. the conference World in Denmark 2010 Life at the Central Plaza, Nytorv 2009, ”As Found”, 17th-18th March 2010. Department of Architecture, Design Andrade, V., Harder, H., Jensen, O.B. & Mad- and Media Technology. sen, J.C.O. 2010, Bike Infrastructures, Suenson, V. & Harder, H. 2010, ”The estab- Department of Architecture, Design lishment of heterogeneous networks Harder, H., Sick Nielsen, T. & Majga- and Media Technology, Aalborg, Den- in performative spaces”, paer for the ard Krarup, J. (eds) 2009, Byliv og mark. conference Practicing science and tech- Byrumskvalitet : ny viden, metoder og nology, performing the socialUniversity vidensbehov, København, 24. juni 2009, of Trento, Trento, Italien, 2nd-4th Sep Proceedings, Institut for Arkitektur, 2010. Design og Medieteknologi, Aalborg, Danmark.

40 Results / Harder, Henrik

Jensen, A.S., Bro, P. & Harder, H. 2009, Harder, H., Skov, H., Lyseen, A.K. & Jensen, Harder, H. & Nielsen, T.,Alexander Sick 2007, Identification and cleansing of scatter A.S. 2008, Det mangfoldige byrum : ”Support for spatial interventions and in GPS-surveys in urban environments, aalborg 2008 - byrumsundersøgelse_del contributions to the planning process Institut for Arkitektur, Design og 2, Department of Architecture, Design based on tracking and mobile techno- Medieteknologi. and Media Technology. logies : position paper”, paper for the conference Urbanism on Track : Expert Jensen, A.S., Bro, P., Harder, H., Hansen, Nielsen, T.S., Harder, H., Bro, P. & Simonsen, meeting on the application in urban J.H. & Tradisauskas, N. 2009, ”Distin- A.K. 2008, ”Brugerundersøgelser med design and planning of GPS-based and guishing movement from stays during GPS : eksempler fra parkundersøgelser i other tracking-based researchDelft continual GPS tracking : Danish Aalborg”, Geoforum Perspektiv, vol. 14, University of Technology, Department working title: Raffinering af data fra no. September, pp. 5-10. of Urbanism, , 18. jan 2007, pp. 30. GPS-baserede undersøgelser”, paper til konferencen Kortdage 2009, 18.-20. Nold, C., Jensen, O.B. & Harder, H. 2008, Rendtlew Horst, N., Harder, H., Bro, P., Skov, dec. 09. Mapping the City : reflections on urban H. & Lyseen, A.K. 2007, Borgerunder- mapping methodologies from GPS søgelse - Kildeparken, august 2007, Harder, H., Bro, P., Henriksen, S. & Hamann, to Community Dialogue, Institut for Aalborg Universitet. R.C. 2008, Det mangfoldige byrum : Arkitektur, Design og Medieteknologi, aalborg 2008 - byrumsundersøgelse_del Aalborg, Danmark. Rendtlew Horst, N., Harder, H., Bro, P., Skov, 1, Department of Architecture, Design H. & Lyseen, A.K. 2007, Borgerunder- and Media Technology. Nold, C., Jensen, O.B. & Harder, H. 2008, søgelse - Mølleparken, august 2007, Mapping the city : Reflections on urban Department of Architecture, Design Harder, H., Bro, P., Tradisauskas, N., Nielsen, mapping methodologies from GPS to and Media Technology. T.,Alexander Sick, Albrechtslund, A. Community Dialogue, Arkitektur & & Knudstrup, M. 2008, ”Experiences Design, Aalborg Universitet, Aalborg. Simonsen, A.K., Bro, P., Harder, H., Skov, H. from GPS tracking of visitors in three & Lyseen, A.K. 2007, The precision of Public Parks in Denmark based on GPS Harder, H., Bro, P., Rendtlew Horst, N., Skov, the Lommy Phoenix : Tests in various technologies”, paper for the conference H. & Lyseen, A.K. 2007, Borgerunder- urban environments, Department of International workshop SPM2008 in søgelse - Skanseparken, august 2007, Architecture, Design and Media Tech- Tartu, Estonia, 10.-14 marts 2008. Department of Architecture, Design nology, Aalborg, Denmark. and Media Technology, Aalborg, Den- Harder, H., Nielsen, T.,Alexander Sick, Bro, mark. Kjærsgaard, R., Hovgesen, H.H., Nielsen, P., Tradisauskas, N., Skov, H. & Lyseen, T.,Alexander Sick & Lassen, C. 2006, A.K. 2008, ”Experiences from GPS Harder, H., Bro, P., Rendtlew Horst, N., Skov, ”Unges mobilitets- og aktivitetsmøn- tracking of visitors in Public Parks in H. & Lyseen, A.K. 2007, Borgerunder- stre”, paper til konferencen Trafikdage Denmark based on GPS technologies” søgelse - Søheltens Have, august 2007, på Aalborg Universitet 2006Trafikforsk- in Urbanism on Track : Application of Department of Architecture, Design ningsgruppen, Aalborg Universitet, Tracking Technologies in Urbanism, and Media Technology, Aalborg, Den- Aalborg, Denmark, 28.-29. august 2006. eds. S.C. van der Spek & S.C. van der mark. Spek, IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp. 65-78.

41 Hovgesen, H.H., Nielsen, T.,Alexander Sick, Lassen, C. & Godtved, S. 2005, ”The potential for the exploration of activity patterns in the urban landscape with GPS-positioning and electronic activity diarie”, paper for the International Conference for integrating Urban Knowledge & PracticeLife in the Urban Landscape, , 29. maj - 3. juni 2005.

Nielsen, T.,Alexander Sick, Hovgesen, H.H.\., Nielsen, T.,Alexander Sick & Hovgesen, H.H.\. 2005, ”GIS-baserede kortlæg- ninger af interaktionsdata”, paper til konferencen Kortdage 2005Geoforum Danmark, , 16.-18. nov 2005.

Hovgesen, H.H., Nielsen, T.,Alexander Sick & Larsen, T.K. 2004, ”Fra fysisk til virtuel udvikling af byen : eller fra byens eksplosion til byens implosion”, Byplan, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 144-147.

Nielsen, T.,Alexander Sick & Hovgesen, H.H. 2004, ”GPS in Pedestrian and Spatial Behaviour Surveys”, paper for the Inter- national Conference on Walking in the 21st Century, 9.-11. juni 2004.

Nielsen, T.,Alexander Sick & Hovgesen, H.H. 2004, ”GPS in Travel and Activity Sur- veys”, paper til konferencen Trafikdage på Aalborg Universitet 2004Aalborg Universitet, Trafikforskningsgruppen, Aalborg, Denmark, 23.-24. august 2004.

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Vindum, K. & Harder, H. 2010, ”At give tid form”, Arkitekten, vol. 112, no. 4, pp. 76-79.

42 Results / Jensen, Ole B.

Jensen, Ole B. Bibliographies

Jensen, O.B. 2012, Fremtidens ”forstad” - mel- Jensen, O.B. 2011, ”Mobile Semiotics - signs ference on Discourse and Interaction, lem netværksby og enklaver, Aalborg and mobilities”, paper for the con- Aalborg November 17-19 2010, 17.-19. Kommune, Teknisk Forvaltning, Aal- ference Mobilities in Motion: New November 2010. borg, Danmark. Approaches to Emergent and Future MobilitiesThe Center for Mobilities Jensen, O.B. 2009, ”Den Gamle Landevej - en Jensen, O.B. 2012, ”Metroens Arkitektur og Research and Policy, Drexel University, undersøgelse af hovedvejes betydning Bevægelser” in Byen i Bevægelse. Mobi- Philadelphia, 21st-23rd March 2011. og potentialer efter motorvejsnet- litet - Politik - Performativitet, eds. J. værkets sejr”, paper til konferencen Andersen, M. Freudendal-Pedersen, L. Jensen, O.B. 2010, ”Negotiation in motion: Trafikdage på Aalborg Universitet 2009, Koefoed & J. Larsen, Roskilde Universi- Unpacking a geography of mobility”, 24.-25. august 2009. tetsforlag, Frederiksberg, pp. 40-60. Space and Culture, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 389-402. Jensen, O.B. 2009, ”Flows of Meaning, Cul- Jensen, O.B. 2012, ”The Will to Connection tures of Movements – Urban Mobility : - Networked Technologies and Staged Jensen, O.B. 2010, ”Embodied Cultures of as Meaningful Everyday Life Practice”, Mobilities”, , pp. 18pp. Mobilities”, paper for 6th International Mobilities, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 139-158. Cosmobilities Conference ’Cultures of Jensen, O.B. 2012, Fremtidens ”forstad” Mobilities: Everyday Life, Communi- Jensen, O.B. 2009, ”Erving Goffman and Eve- : - mellem netværksby og enklaver, Aal- cation, and Politics’, Aalborg October ryday Life Mobility” in The Contem- borg Kommune, Teknisk Forvaltning. 27-29 2010, 27th-29th October 2010. porary Goffman, ed. M. Hviid Jacobsen, Routledge, New York, pp. 333-351. Jensen, O.B. 2012, ”If Only it Could Speak” Jensen, O.B. 2010, ”If only it could speak : in Technologies of Mobility in the narrative explorations of mobility and Jensen, O.B. 2009, ”Foreword: Mobilities as Americas, eds. P. Vannini, L. Budd, O.B. place in Seattle”, paper for the confe- Culture” in The Cultures of Alternative Jensen, C. Fisker & P. Jirón, Peter Lang, rence Cultures of Movement: Mobile Mobilities, ed. P. Vannini, Ashgate, New York, pp. 59-77. Subjects, Communities, and Techno- Farnham, pp. xv-xix. logy, 8th-10th April 2010. Jensen, O.B. 2012, ”Metroens Arkitektur Jensen, O.B. 2009, ”Manuel Castells - Net- og Bevægelser” in Byen i Bevægelse : Jensen, O.B. 2010, ”Langsom by : Progressivt værksbyen mellem strømmenes of Mobilitet - Politik - Performativitet, eds. byudviklingskoncept eller rendyrket stedernes rum” in 50 samfundstænkere, J. Andersen, M. Freudendal-Pedersen, nostalgi?” in Citta Slow. Byudvikling ed. M. Hansen, Gyldendal, København, L. Koefoed & J. Larsen, Roskilde Uni- med udsyn og omtanke?, eds. H.J. Kri- pp. 638-650. versitetsforlag, Frederiksberg, pp. 40-60. stensen, J.N. Frandsen & J. Møller, 1st ed. edn, Syddansk Universitetsforlag, Jensen, O.B. 2008, ”Networked mobilities Jensen, O.B. 2011, ”Emotional Eruptions, Odense, pp. 51-63. and new sites of mediated interaction”, Volcanic Activity and Global Mobilities in What Matter(s)? First International – A Field Account from a European in Jensen, O.B. 2010, ”Mobility Charters and Conference on Critical Digital Con- the US During the Eruption of Eyjafjal- Manifestos : exploring normative dis- ference Proceedings, Harvard Gra- lajökull”, Mobilities, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. courses and codes of ’correct’ mobility”, duate School of Design, 2008Harvard 67-75. paper for Nordic Interdisciplinary Con- Graduate School of Design, , 18th-19th April 2008.

43 Jensen, O.B. 2008, ”European Metroscapes Contemporary Receptions of Kevin : the production of lived mobilities LynchDepartment of Arhcitecture, within the socio-technical Metro Design and Media Technology, Aalborg systems in Copenhagen, London and University, Aalborg, Denmark, 12. Paris”, paper for the Mobility, the City marts 2007. and STS Conference, 20.-22. november 2008. Jensen, O.B. 2006, ”‘Facework’, Flow and the City: Simmel, Goffman, and Mobility in Jensen, O.B. 2008, ”Fra rummets til mobili- the Contemporary City”, Mobilities, vol. tetens sociologi - og tilbage igen?\par \ 1, no. 2, pp. 143-165. par” in Sociologiens rum. Festskrift for Jens Tonboe, eds. L.S. Henriksen, M. Jensen, O.B. 2003, ”Viljen til friktion - skal Hviid Jacobsen & A. Prieur, Aalborg byer nu til at være langsomme med Universitetsforlag, Aalborg, pp. 189- vilje?”, Medlemsblad for Foreningen 203. Dansk Byøkologi, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 9-12.

Jensen, O.B. 2008, ”Networked Mobilities and Jensen, O.B. 1999, At ville noget med rummet Performative Urban Environments”, : diskurs & rationalitet i Danmarks og keynote paper for the conference Space, Den Europæiske Unions planlægning Interaction, Discourse, 12.-14, novem- af byernes rumlige udvikling, Institut ber 2008. for Samfundsudvikling & Planlægning, Aalborg Universitet. Jensen, O.B. 2007, ”City of Layers–Bangkok’s Sky Train and How It Works in Socially Segregating Mobility Patterns”, Swiss Journal of Sociology, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 367-387-405, 503, 506 [22 p.].

Jensen, O.B. 2007, ”Biking in the Land of the Car: clashes of mobility cultures in the USA”, paper til konferencen Trafikdage, Aalborg Universitet, 2007, 27.-28. august 2007.

Jensen, O.B. 2007, ”Pleasure, Fun and Flow - urban travel in the works of Kevin Lynch”, paper for the research seminar

44 Results / Jensen, Ole B.

Et al

Freudendal-Pedersen, M. & Jensen, O.B. 2012, Vannini, P., Budd, L., Jensen, O.B., Fisker, Jensen, O.B. & Morelli, N. 2011, ”Critical ”Imagining a Better Future - why fun C. & Jiron, P. 2012, ”Technologies of Points of Contact : Exploring networks”, paper for the Annual meeting of Mobility in the Americas: Introduc- worked relations in urban mobility the American Association of Geo- tion” in Technologies of Mobility in the and service design”, Danish Journal of graphers, New York, 2012, 14th-28th Americas, eds. P. Vannini, L. Budd, O.B. Geoinformatics and Land Management, February 2012. Jensen, C. Fisker & P. Jirón, Peter Lang, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 36-49. New York, pp. 1-20. Freudendal-Pedersen, M. & Jensen, O.B. 2012, Madsen, J.C.O., Andrade, V., Jensen, O.B. & ”Imagining a Better Future : - why fun Andrade, V., Jensen, O.B., Harder, H. & Harder, H. 2011, ”Fremme af Cykel- works”, , pp. 17 pp. Madsen, J.C.O. 2011, ”Bike Infrastruc- trafik”, paper til konferencen Vejforum tures and Design Qualities: Enhancing 2011, 7.-8. december 2011. Lanng, D.B., Wind, S. & Jensen, O.B. 2012, Cycling”, Danish Journal of Geoinfor- ”Critical Points of Contact - between matics and Land Management, vol. 46, Vestergaard, M.Q.L., Laursen, L.,Louise urban networks and flows” in Urban pp. 65-80. Holst, Jensen, O.B. & Lassen, C. 2011, Design Book 2012. ”Mobility Challenges in the Region of Bjerre Mikkelsen, J., Smith, S. & Jensen, O.B. Northern Jutland, Denmark\par \par”, Marling, G., Jensen, O.B. & Kiib, H. 2012, 2011, ”Challenging the ’King of the paper for the XXIV European Congress ”The Experience City : Planning of Road’ - exploring mobility battles bet- for Rural Sociology, 22nd-25th August Hybrid Cultural Projects” in The City ween cars and bikes in the USA”, paper 2011. in the Experience Economy, eds. A. for 4th Nordic Geographers Meeting, Lorentzen & C.J. Hansen, Routledge, 24th-27th May 2011. Andrade, V., Harder, H., Jensen, O.B. & Mad- London, pp. 47-69. sen, J.C.O. 2010, Bike Infrastructures, Hamid, S.,Binti Abdul, Jensen, O.B. & And- Department of Architecture, Design Poulsen, E.S., Andersen, H.J., Gade, R., rade, V. 2011, ”Signs in Place : Choreo- and Media Technology, Aalborg, Den- Jensen, O.B. & Moeslund, T.B. 2012, graphing Travel Flow in Urban Spaces”, mark. ”Using human motion intensity as paper for the Spaces and Flows Confe- input for urban design”, paper for the rence 2011: International Conference Jensen, O.B. & Thomsen, B.S. 2008, ”Perfor- conference Interactive Human Behavior on Urban and Extra Urban Studies, mative Urban Environments : Increa- Analysis in Open or Public Spaces- Monash University Prato Centre, Prato, sing Media Connectivity” in Mediacity: Springer, Amsterdam, 16-18 November Italy, 2011, 17th-18th November 2011. Situations, Practices and Encounters, 2011. ed. F. Eckardt, Frank & Timme GmbH, Jensen, O.B. & Lassen, C. 2011, ”Mobility Berlin, pp. 407-429. Poulsen, E.S., Andersen, H.J. & Jensen, O.B. Challenges”, Danish Journal of Geoin- 2012, ”Full Scale Experiment with formatics and Land Management, vol. Nold, C., Jensen, O.B. & Harder, H. 2008, Interactive Urban Lighting”, Workshop 46, no. 1, pp. 9-21. Mapping the City : reflections on urban on Designing Interactive LightingDIS: mapping methodologies from GPS Designing Interactive Systems, , June to Community Dialogue, Institut for 2012, pp. 5 pp. Arkitektur, Design og Medieteknologi, Aalborg, Danmark.

45 Nold, C., Jensen, O.B. & Harder, H. 2008, Jensen, O.B. & Richardson, T. 2004, Making Mapping the city : Reflections on urban European space : mobility, power and mapping methodologies from GPS to territorial identity, Routledge, London Community Dialogue, Arkitektur & u.a. Design, Aalborg Universitet, Aalborg. Lassen, C. & Jensen, O.B. 2004, ”Den Globale Richardson, T. & Jensen, O.B. 2008, ”How Bus : om arbejdsrejsers betydning i mobility systems produce inequality: hverdagslivet” in Arbejdssamfundet making mobile subject types on the : den beslaglagte tid og den splittede Bangkok Sky Train”, Built Environment, identitet, eds. M.H. Jacobsen & J.C. vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 218-231. Tonboe, Hans Reitzel, København, pp. 241-279. Thomsen, B.S. & Jensen, O.B. 2008, ”Perfor- mative Urban Architecture : place- Næss, P. & Jensen, O.B. 2004, ”Urban Struc- making in-between architecture and ture Matters, Even in a Small Town”, socio-technical systems”, paper for the Journal of Environmental Planning & American Association of Geographers Management, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 35-57. (AAG) Annual Conference, 14th-20th April 2008. Richardson, T. & Jensen, O.B. 2003, ”Linking Discourse and Space: Towards a Cul- Tait, M. & Jensen, O.B. 2007, ”Travelling tural Sociology of Space in Analysing Ideas, Power and Place: The Cases of Spatial Policy Discourses”, Urban Urban Villages and Business Improve- Studies, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 7-22. ment Districts”, International Planning Studies, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 107-128. Næss, P. & Jensen, O.B. 2002, ”Urban land use, mobility and theory of science: Lassen, C. & Jensen, O.B. 2006, ”Mobili- exploring the potential for critical rea- tetsforskningen på arbejde!”, Nordisk lism in empirical research”, Journal of samhällsgeografisk tidskrift, , no. 41/42, Environmental Policy & Planning, vol. pp. 11-34. 4, no. 4, pp. 295-311.

Næss, P. & Jensen, O.B. 2005, Bilringene og Næss, P. & Jensen, O.B. 2000, Boliglokalise- cykelnavet. Boliglokalisering, bilafhæn- ring og transport i Frederikshavn, Insti- gighed og transportadfærd i hoved- tut for Samfundsudvikling og Planlæg- stadsområdet, 1. oplag edn, Aalborg ning, Aalborg, Aalborg Universitet. Universitetsforlag, Aalborg.

46 Results

47 At Nytorv in Aalborg 48 Results / Whyte, William Hollingsworth

Whyte, William Hollingsworth Bibliographies

Whyte, W.H., Municipal Art Society of New Whyte, W.H. 1996, ”Introduction / The WPA Whyte, W.H. 1987, ”New York City’s Value for York, Street Life Project, Direct Cinema guide to New York City : the Federal Business”, New York Times, , pp. 30. * Ltd & Bainbridge Brass Quintet 2005, Writers’ Project guide to 1930s New The social life of small urban spaces a York ; a comprehensive guide to the five Whyte, W.H. 1986, ’ORGANIZATION MAN’ film, Direct Cinema Ltd, Santa Monica, boroughs of the Metropolis - Manhat- REVISITED; The Organization Man: A CA. tan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Queens, and Rejoinder, New York. * Richmond” in The WPA guide to New Whyte, W.H. 2002, The organization man, York City : the Federal Writers’ Project Whyte, W.H. 1984, ”The gifted pedestrian”, University of Pennsylvania Press, Phi- guide to 1930s New York ; a compre- Ekistics, vol. 51, no. 306, pp. 224-230. ladelphia. hensive guide to the five boroughs of Whyte, W.H. 1982, ”Small Space is Beautiful: the Metropolis - Manhattan, Brooklyn, Whyte, W.H. 2001, The Social Life of Small Design as if People Mattered”, Techno- the Bronx, Queens, and Richmond, Urban Spaces, Project for Public Spaces, logy Review, vol. 85, no. 5, pp. 36-49. American guide series, ed. United States New York. Works Progress Administration, Repr Whyte, W. 1981, ”How to Make Midtown Whyte, W.H. & LaFarge, A. 2000, The essen- edn, New Press, New York, pp. 21-32. Livable”, New York: New Yorker,. * tial William H. Whyte, 1st edn, Ford- Whyte, W.H. 1993, The Exploding metropolis, ham University Press, New York. Whyte, W.H. & WGBH (Television station 1st California pbk. edn, University of : Boston,Mass.) 1981, City spaces, Whyte, W.H. 2000, A Time of War : Remem- California Press, Berkeley. human places. bering Guadalcanal, A Battle without Whyte, W.H. 1989, ”The City: Rediscovering Maps, 1st edn, Fordham University Whyte, W.H. 1980, ”Street Life”, Natural the Center”, Inland architect, vol. 33, Press, New York. History, vol. 89, no. 8, pp. 62. no. 4, pp. 50-55. Whyte, W.H. 1999, ”Patrolling Guadalcanal”, Whyte, W.H. 1978, ”Citicorp Center: a mega- Whyte, W.H. 1989, ”New plazas and parks MHQ : The Quarterly Journal of Mili- structure that ties into the street”, Urban provide water in many forms”, tary History, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 44. * design, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 23-25. Landscape architecture, vol. 79, no. 6, Whyte, W.H.,Jr 1999, ”All hail the organiza- pp. 120-120. Whyte, W.H. 1973, ”How to put nature and tion man”, Across the Board, vol. 36, no. life in the streets”, House & garden, vol. Whyte, W.H. 1988, City: Rediscovering the 10, pp. 11. * 143, pp. 124. Center, 1st edn, Doubleday, New York, NY. Whyte, W.H. 1970, ”10 Ways to make Your City More Attractive”, House & garden, Whyte, W.H. 1988, ”City: Rediscovering the vol. 138, no. 3, pp. 100. Center”, . Whyte, W.H. 1968, The last landscape, 1st ed. Whyte, W.H. 1988, ”Central cities’ value for edn, Doubleday, Garden City, N.Y. business”, National civic review, , no. 1, pp. 29-33. Whyte, W.H. 1964, Cluster Development, 3rd, January 1967 edn, American Conserva- tion Association, New York.

49 Whyte, W.H. 1962, Open Space Action: economy--how do they run their own? Whyte, W.H., Jr. 1953, ”You, Too, Can Write A Report to the Outdoor Recrea- atrociously, they are so bemused by the the Casual Style”, Harper’s Magazine, tion Resources Review Commission rhythm of equal monthly payments, vol. October 207, pp. 87-89. * (ORRRC Study Report 15), 1st edn, they hardly think about the cost of U.S. Government Printing Ofiice, money at all”, Fortune, , pp. 133-137. Whyte, W.H. 1952, Is anybody listening? How Washington D.C. and why U.S. business fumbles when Whyte, W.H.,Jr 1956, ”Sabbaticals for busi- it talks with human beings, Simon and Whyte, W.H. 1961, ”The shrinking area of nessmen? more and more, corporations Schuster, New York. personal freedom: the current ”social are sending men to the executive- ethic” in the United States has had development schools being set up at Whyte, W.H. 1949, ”The Class of ‘49”, For- some very unhappy results affecting U.S. universities program of the School tune, vol. June 1949. * education, management selection and of industrial management, Massachu- training, and the mental attitudes of setts institute of technology”, Fortune, , younger executives based on address”, pp. 148-150. Manager, vol. 29, pp. 373-376. * Whyte, W.H.,Jr 1955, ”What are the founda- Whyte, W.H. 1959, Securing Open Space for tions up to? those uniquely American Urban America: Conservation Ease- institutions, the big foundations, have ments, 3rd, September 1968 edn, Urban recently come under attack for being Land Institute, Washington D.C. too bold; what is going on inside the three biggest foundations: Ford, Whyte, W.H.,Jr 1958, ”Urban sprawl: the Carnegie, and Rockefeller; where the countryside of today is the suburbia of foundations fall down”, Fortune, , pp. tomorrow--and we are ruining it even 110-113. * before the suburbanites get there”, For- tune, vol. January 58, pp. 102-109. Whyte Jr, W.H. 1954, ”The fallacies of personality testing”, Fortune, vol. 50, no. 3, Whyte, W.H.,Jr 1958, ”The City Eviscerated : pp. 117-121. trends and factors in the return to the cities from suburbia”, Encounter, vol. Whyte, W.H.J. 1954, ”The Web of Word of October 61, pp. 32-58. Mouth”, Fortune, vol. November, pp..

Whyte, W.H. 1958, ”How to save open spaces Whyte, W.H. 1953, ”The Transients”, Fortune, while there still are some left to save”, vol. May 1953. * House & home, vol. 13, pp. 102-106. Whyte, W.H.J. 1953, ”How the New Suburbia Whyte, W.H.,Jr 1956, ”Budgetism: opiate of Socializes”, Fortune, vol. August, pp. the middle class; these young people 7pp. who someday will run our capitalist

50 Results / Whyte, William Hollingsworth

Et al. About

Whyte, W.H. & Fee, R.E. 1999, ”Future@Work ”City: Rediscovering Its Center”, 1989, Ameri- Bitner, M.J. 1992, ”Servicescapes: the impact at home?”, Contract design, vol. 41, no. can Heritage, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 110. of physical surroundings on customers 3, pp. 16. * and employees”, The Journal of Marke- Adler, P.A., Adler, P. & Johnson, J.M. 1992, ting, pp. 57-71. Whyte, W.H. & Fee, R.E. 1999, ”Is building ”Street Corner Society Revisited: New summit sparking business for the desig- Questions About Old Issues”, Journal Blakely, E.J. & Snyder, M.G. 1997, Fortress ners?”, Contract design, vol. 41, no. 3, of Contemporary Ethnography, vol. 21, America : gated communities in the pp. 12. * no. 1, pp. 3. United States, Brookings Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Whyte, W.H. & Goldsborough, L.S. 1990, Allis, S. 1989, ”Contrary to Previous Reports, ”Fortunes Past: How Hard Do Execu- Cities Are Not Dead”, Time, vol. 134, Bohl, C.C. 2000, ”New urbanism and the city: tives Work? / The U.S.S.R.’s Future as a no. 6, pp. 9. Potential applications and implications Great Power”, Fortune, vol. 122, no. 13, for distressed inner‐city neighbor- pp. 214. Argyris, C. 1973, ”Personality and organiza- hoods”, Housing Policy Debate, vol. 11, tion theory revisited”, Administrative no. 4, pp. 761-801. Whyte, W.H., Project for Public Spaces, Kon- Science Quarterly, pp. 141-167. heim and Ketcham, New York (N.Y.) & Brantingham, P.L. & Brantingham, P.J. 1993, Dept. of City Planning 1988, Impro- Banerjee, T. & Loukaitou-Sideris, A. 1993, ”Nodes, paths and edges: Considera- ving how a street works for all users : a ”The negotiated plaza: design and tions on the complexity of crime and design and planning manual, the Dept., development of corporate open space in the physical environment”, Journal of New York, N.Y. downtown Los Angeles and San Fran- Environmental Psychology, vol. 13, no. cisco”, Journal of planning education & 1, pp. 3-28. Hillman, J., Whyte, W.H. & Erickson, A. 1980, research, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-12. The city as dwelling walking, sitting, Breines, W. 1986, ”The 1950s: Gender and shaping. Center for Civic Leadership, Barovick, H., Bland, E., Gray, T. & Lofaro, L. Some Social Science”, Sociological University of Dallas, Irving, Tex. 1999, ”Died. William H Whyte”, Time, Inquiry, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 69-92. vol. 153, no. 3, pp. 23. Kato, H., Whyte, W.H. & David, R. 1978, A Brewer, R. 2003, Conservancy : the land trust Comparative study of street life : Tokyo, Berman, M. 1989, ”Eternal City”, The Village movement in America, 1st edn, Dart- Manila, New York, Research Institute Voice, vol. 34, no. 45, pp. S9. mouth College : Published by Univer- for Oriental Cultures, Gakushuin Uni- sity Press of New England, Lebanon, Better, N.M. 1989, ”Why Is This Man Watch- versity, Tokyo, Japan. NH. ing You?”, M, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 90. New York (N.Y.). City Planning Commission Brown, B.B. & Werner, C.M. 1985, ”Social Biddulph, M. 2012, ”Street Design and Street 1969, Plan for New York City, 1969; cohesiveness, territoriality, and holiday Use: Comparing Traffic Calmed and a proposal, Mass., MIT Press, Cam- decorations”, Environment and Beha- Home Zone Streets”, Journal of Urban bridge.* vior, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 539-565. Design, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 213-232. Whyte, W.H. & Connecticut. Dept. of agric. and natural resources. 1962, Connec- Birenbaum, A. 1989, ”Books: City”, USA ticut’s natural resources: a proposal for Today, vol. 118, no. 2530, pp. 95. action, Connecticut. Dept. of agric. and natural resources. 51 Brown, G. 2004, ”Mapping spatial attributes Charkhchian, M. & Daneshpour, S.A. 2009, Daniels, T.L. 1999, When city and country in survey research for natural resource ”Interactions among Different Dimen- collide: managing growth in the metro- management: methods and applicati- sions of a Responsive Public Space: politan fringe, Island Pr. ons”, Society and Natural Resources, Case Study in Iran”, Review of Urban & vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 17-39. Regional Development Studies, vol. 21, Danley, J.R. 1994, The role of the modern cor- no. 1, pp. 14-36. poration in a free society, Univ Notre Brown, J.S. & Duguid, P. 2000, The social Dame Pr. life of information, Harvard Business Chen, L. & Ng, E. 2012, ”Outdoor thermal School Press, Boston. comfort and outdoor activities: A Dasmann, R.F. 1968, A different kind of coun- review of research in the past decade”, try, Macmillan New York. Brown, J.S. & Duguid, P. 2000, The social Cities, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 118-125. life of information, Harvard Business Denzin, N. 1992, ”Whose Cornerville Is It, School Press, Boston. Christiansen, L. & Fischer, N. 2010, ”Teaching Anyway?”, Journal of Contemporary Urban Sociology and Urban Sustaina- Ethnography, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 120. Calvo, D.M. 2011, ” A ver quem passa”. O bility on Two Feet, Two Wheels, and in Rossio. Proceso social y dinámicas Three Cities: Our Experience Teaching Dillon, D. 1996, ”The sage of the city, or how interactivas en una plaza del centro de Sustainable Cities in North America”, a keen observer solved the mysteries of Lisboa, Universitat de Barcelona. Teaching Sociology, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. our streets”, Preservation, vol. 48, no. 5, 301-313. pp. 70-75. Carmona, M., Heath, T., Tiesdell, S. & Oc, T. 2003, Public places, urban spaces : the Clapp, J.A. 1971, New towns and urban Dourish, P. 1999, ”Where the footprints lead: dimensions of urban design, Architec- policy; planning metropolitan growth, tracking down other roles for social tural Press, Oxford ; Boston. Dunellen, New York. navigation” in Social Navigation of Information Space, eds. A.J. Munro, Carron Payne, B. 2001, ”Books, Articles, Clutter, M. 2009, ”Imaginary apparatus: film K. Höök & D. 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55 Sonmez, E. 2007, An Investigation of Pla- Vidich, A.J. 1992, ”Boston’s North End: An Worcester, K. 2000, ”The Essential William H. cemaking in Downtown Tucson, The American Epic”, Journal of Contem- Whyte”, Library Journal, vol. 125, no. 5, University of Arizona. porary Ethnography, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. pp. 116. 80. Southworth, M. & Ben-Joseph, E. 1997, Stre- Wuthnow, R. 2005, ”Democratic Renewal and ets and the shaping of towns and cities, Vroom, V.H. 1964, Work and motivation. Cultural Inertia: Why Our Best Efforts 1st edn, McGraw-Hill, New York. Wiley, Oxford, England. Fall Short”, Sociological Forum, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 343-367. Spreiregen, P.D. & American Institute of Wagner, J. 2002, ”Contrasting images, comple- Architects 1965, Urban design : the mentary trajectories: sociology, visual Yuen, B. & Nyuk Hien, W. 2005, ”Resident architecture of towns and cities, sociology and visual research”, Visual perceptions and expectations of rooftop McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. Studies, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 160-171. gardens in Singapore”, Landscape and Urban Planning, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. Swaffield, S.R. 2002, Theory in landscape Ward, J. 1999, ”Cities lost a champion in aut- 263-276. architecture: a reader, Univ of Pennsyl- hor William Whyte”, The American City vania Pr. & County, vol. 114, no. 2, pp. 4. Zacharias, J. 2001, ”Pedestrian behavior pedestrian behavior and perception in Sylva, D.A. 2000, ”The Essential William H. Weeks, J. & Galunic, C. 2003, ”A Theory of urban walking environments”, Journal Whyte”, New York Times Book Review, the Cultural Evolution of the Firm: of Planning Literature, vol. 16, no. 1, , pp. 21. The Intra-Organizational Ecology of pp. 3-18. Memes”, Organization Studies, vol. 24, Theobald, D.M., Miller, J.R. & Hobbs, N.T. no. 8, pp. 1309-1352. Zacharias, J., Stathopoulos, T. & Wu, H. 2004, 1997, ”Estimating the cumulative effects ”Spatial Behavior in San Francisco’s of development on wildlife habitat”, Wheeler, S. 2004, Planning for sustainability Plazas”, Environment and Behavior, vol. Landscape and Urban Planning, vol. 39, creating livable, equitable, and ecologi- 36, no. 5, pp. 638-658. no. 1, pp. 25-36. cal communities, Routledge, New York, NY. Zeisel, J. 1981, Inquiry by design : tools Thomas, G. 1999, ”Urban legend”, Metropolis, for environment-behavior research, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 54&57. Whyte, W.H. & LaFarge, A. 2000, The essen- Brooks/Cole Pub. Co, Monterey, Calif. tial William H. Whyte, 1st edn, Ford- Trancik, R. 1986, Finding lost space : theories ham University Press, New York. of urban design, Van Nostrand Rein- hold, New York. Williams, B. 2006, ”The Paradox of Parks”, Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Triandis, H.C. 1989, ”The self and social Power, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 139-171. behavior in differing cultural contexts.”, Psychological review, vol. 96, no. 3, pp. Worcester, K. 2000, ”A Time of War: Remem- 506. bering Guadalcanal, a Battle Without Maps”, Library Journal, vol. 125, no. 9, Turner, B.S. 2008, The body & society : explo- pp. 108. rations in social theory, 3rd edn, SAGE, Los Angeles.

56 Results / Topics

Topics Bibliographies

Parks

”Green Spaces Promote Walking, Cycling”, Cohen, D.A., Ashwood, J.S., Scott, M.M., Fullilove, M., Lee, C. & Sallis, J.F. 2011, ”Enga- 2005, Environment, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. Overton, A., Evenson, K.R., Staten, ging communities to create active living 6-7. L.K., Porter, D., McKenzie, T.L. & Catel- environments”, Journal of Physical lier, D. 2006, ”Public parks and physical Activity and Health, vol. 8, no. Suppl 1, Baur, J.W.R. & Tynon, J.F. 2010, ”Small-Scale activity among adolescent girls”, Pedia- pp. 1-4. Urban Nature Parks: Why Should We trics, vol. 118, no. 5, pp. e1381-e1389. Care?”, Leisure Sciences, vol. 32, no. 2, Gobster, P.H. 2005, ”Recreation and Leisure pp. 195-200. Cohen, D.A., Sehgal, A., Williamson, S., Research from an Active Living Golinelli, D., Lurie, N. & McKenzie, Perspective: Taking a Second Look at Bedimo-Rung, A.L., Mowen, A.J. & Cohen, T.L. 2007, ”Contribution of Public Parks Urban Trail Use Data”, Leisure Sciences, D.A. 2005, ”The significance of parks to Physical Activity”, American Journal vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 367-383. to physical activity and public health: A of Public Health, vol. 97, no. 3, pp. conceptual model”, American Journal 509-514. Holm, E.K. 2000, Anvendelse og betydning of Preventive Medicine, vol. 28, no. 2, af byens parker og grønne områder, Supplement 2, pp. 159-168. Eizenberg, E. 2010, ”Remembering forgot- Forskningscentret for Skov & Landskab. ten landscapes : community gardens in Boone, C.G., Buckley, G.L., Grove, J.M. & New York City and the reconstruction Jacobsen, K., Jarmer, R.F. & Hasani, I. 2010, Sister, C. 2009, ”Parks and People: of cultural diversity” in Remembe- ”En anderledes bypark”, Teknik & miljø, An Environmental Justice Inquiry in ring, forgetting and city builders, eds. vol. 2010, no. 7/8, pp. 26-27. Baltimore, Maryland”, Annals of the T. Fenster & H. Yacobi, Ashgate Pub. Association of American Geographers, Company, Farnham, Surrey, England, Janowsky, D.J. & Becker, G. 2003, ”Characteri- vol. 99, no. 4, pp. 767-787. pp. xi, 205 s., ill. stics and needs of different user groups in the urban forest of Stuttgart”, Journal Brandon, K.E. & Wells, M. 1992, ”Planning Emery, J. 2006, ”Bullring: A case study of for Nature Conservation, , no. 11:4. for people and parks: design dilemmas”, retail-led urban renewal and its con- World Development, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. tribution to city centre regeneration”, Johnson, J.M. & Hurley, J. 2002, ”A Future 557-570. Journal of Retail & Leisure Property, Ecology of Urban Parks: Reconnec- vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 121-133. ting Nature and Community in the Chen, W.Y. & Jim, C.Y. 2008, ”Cost-benefit Landscape of Children”, Landscape analysis of the leisure value of urban Floyd, M.F., Spengler, J.O., Maddock, J.E., Journal, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 128. greening in the new Chinese city of Gobster, P.H. & Suau, L. 2008, ”Env- Zhuhai”, Cities, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 298- ironmental and Social Correlates of Kaczynski, A.T. & Henderson, K.A. 2007, 309. Physical Activity in Neighborhood ”Environmental Correlates of Physical Parks: An Observational Study in Activity: A Review of Evidence about Chiesura, A. 2004, ”The role of urban parks Tampa and Chicago”, Leisure Sciences, Parks and Recreation”, Leisure Sciences, for the sustainable city”, Landscape vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 360-375. vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 315-354. and Urban Planning, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 129-138.

57 Kaczynski, A.T., Potwarka, L.R. & Saelens, Krohe, J. 1990, ”Park standards are up in the Nyholm, L.T., Vindum, K. & Lindhe, J. 2011, B.E. 2008, ”Association of Park Size, air : once considered sacrosanct, natio- ”Hovedkvarter: Bymilen bypark”, Distance, and Features With Physical nal guidelines are coming in for their 71.605 Arkitektur DK, , no. 6, pp. 2-5- Activity in Neighborhood Parks”, Ame- share of skepticism”, Planning, , no. 12, 12-19. rican Journal of Public Health, vol. 98, pp. 10-13. no. 8, pp. 1451-1456. Ostermann, F. & Timpf, S. 2007, ”Modelling Laven, D.N., Manning, R.E. & Krymkowski, space appropriation in public parks”, KACZYNSKI, A., HAVITZ, M. & McCAR- D.H. 2005, ”The Relationship Between paper in Proceedings of the 10th AGILE VILLE, R. 2005, ”Altering Perceptions Visitor-Based Standards of Quality International Conference on Geogra- Through Repositioning: An Exercise in and Existing Conditions in Parks and phic Information ScienceCiteseer, . Framing”, Leisure Sciences, vol. 27, no. Outdoor Recreation”, Leisure Sciences, 3, pp. 241-261. vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 157-173. Payne, L.L., Mowen, A.J. & Orsega-Smith, E. 2002, ”An Examination of Park Prefe- Kemperman, A.D.A.M. & Timmermans, Leung, X.Y., Wang, F., Wu, B. & Busser, J.A. rences and Behaviors Among Urban H.J.P. 2008, ”Influence of Socio-Demo- 2011, ”Park users’ quality evaluation: Residents: The Role of Residential Loca- graphics and Residential Environment applying an analytical hierarchy process tion, Race, and Age”, Leisure Sciences, on Leisure Activity Participation”, for managers”, Managing Leisure, vol. vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 181-198. Leisure Sciences, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 16, no. 2, pp. 142-160. 306-324. Sugiyama, T., Francis, J., Middleton, N.J., Li, C., Absher, J.D., Graefe, A.R. & Hsu, Y. Owen, N. & Giles-Corti, B. 2010, ”Asso- Kemperman, A.D.A.M. & Timmermans, 2008, ”Services for Culturally Diverse ciations Between Recreational Walking H.J.P. 2006, ”Heterogeneity in Urban Customers in Parks and Recreation”, and Attractiveness, Size, and Proximity Park Use of Aging Visitors: A Latent Leisure Sciences, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. of Neighborhood Open Spaces”, Ame- Class Analysis”, Leisure Sciences, vol. 87-92. rican Journal of Public Health, vol. 100, 28, no. 1, pp. 57-71. no. 9, pp. 1752-1757. Licari, M.J., McLean, W. & Rice, T.W. 2005, Kienast, F., Degenhardt, B., Weilenmann, B., ”The Condition of Community Streets Taylor, W.C., Floyd, M.F., Whitt-Glover, M.C. Waeger, Y. & Buchecker, M. 2012, ”GIS- and Parks: A Comparison of Resident & Brooks, J. 2007, ”Environmental assisted mapping of landscape suitabi- and Nonresident Evaluations”, Public justice: a framework for collaboration lity for nearby recreation”, Landscape administration review, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. between the public health and parks and Urban Planning, vol. 105, no. 4, pp. 360-368. and recreation fields to study disparities 385-399. in physical activity”, Journal of Physical Mowen, A., Payne, L. & Scott, D. 2005, Activity & Health, vol. 4, no. Suppl 1, Konijnendijk, C., Schipperijn, J. & Åker- ”Change and Stability in Park Visitation pp. 50-63. lund, U. 2004, NeighbourWoods for Constraints Revisited”, Leisure Sciences, better cities, Danish Centre for Forest, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 191-204. Thomas, J.W. 1999, ”Urban ecosystems and Landscape and Planning. their sustainability”, Jord og viden, vol. Nilsson, K. 2011, ”Det store spring mod en 144, no. 24, pp. 20-22. bæredygtig by”, Grønt miljø, vol. 2011, no. 2, pp. 26-29.

58 Results / Topics

Plazas Tinsley, H.E.A., Tinsley, D.J. & Croskeys, Arreola, D.D. 1992, ”Plaza Towns of South Loukaitou-Sideris, A., Liggett, R., Iseki, H. C.E. 2002, ”Park Usage, Social Milieu, Texas”, Geographical Review, vol. 82, & Thurlow, W. 2001, ”Measuring the and Psychosocial Benefits of Park Use no. 1, pp. pp. 56-73. effects of built environment on bus stop Reported by Older Urban Park Users crime”, Environment and Planning B: from Four Ethnic Groups”, Leisure Bass, J. 2005, ”Message in the Plaza: Planning and Design, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. Sciences, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 199-218. Landscape, Landscaping, and Forest 255-280. Discourse in Honduras”, Geographical Vindum, K., Wærn, R. & Andersson, S.L. Review, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 556-577. Low, S.M. 1997, ”Urban public spaces as 2011, ”Stig L. Andersson. SLA Bymilen representations of culture”, Environ- Bypark. Kommentar”, Arkitektur DK, Basson, S. 2006, ”‘Oh comrade, what times ment and Behavior, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 8-23. those were!’ History, capital punish- 3-33. ment and the urban square”, Urban Walker, A. 2001, ”Leisure, heritage and the Studies (Routledge), vol. 43, no. 7, pp. LOW, S.M. 1995, ”Indigenous Architecture city: A potent combination”, Journal of 1147-1158. and the Spanish American Plaza in Leisure Property, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 209. Mesoamerica and the Caribbean”, Forsyth, A., Lu, H. & McGirr, P. 2001, ”Plazas, American Anthropologist, vol. 97, no. Wolch, J., Wilson, J.P. & Fehrenbach, J. 2005, Streets, and Markets: What Puerto 4, pp. 748-762. Parks and park funding in Los Angeles: Ricans Bring to Urban Spaces in an equity-mapping analysis, Sustainable Northern Climates”, Landscape Journal, Walton, D., Dravitzki, V. & Donn, M. 2007, Cities Program GIS Research Labora- vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 62. ”The relative influence of wind, sunlight tory - University of Southern Califor- and temperature on user comfort in nia. Franzén, M. 2002, ”A Weird Politics of Place: urban outdoor spaces”, Building and Sergels Torg, Stockholm (Round One)”, Environment, vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 3166- Wong, K.K. 2009, ”Urban park visiting habits Urban Studies (Routledge), vol. 39, no. 3175. and leisure activities of residents in 7, pp. 1113-1128. Hong Kong, China”, Managing Leisure, Zacharias, J. 2000, ”Shopping behavior at vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 125-140. Fusch, R. 1994, ”The piazza in Italian urban Alexis-Nihon plaza in Montreal”, Jour- morphology”, Geographical Review, vol. nal of Shopping Center Research, vol. 7, Wrigley, M. & Gould, B. 2002, ”Considering 84, no. 4, pp. 424. no. 2, pp. 67-79. people, adding value, maintaining relevance: Strategies and tactics to increase Goytisolo, J. 2000, ”Jemâa-el-Fna’ thousand Zacharias, J., Stathopoulos, T. & Wu, H. 2004, the usage of public parks”, Journal of and one nights”, The Courier - Unesco, ”Spatial Behavior in San Francisco’s Leisure Property, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 142. vol. 12, no. December, pp. 34-36. Plazas”, Environment and Behavior, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 638-658. Loukaitou-Sideris, A. & Banerjee, T. 1993, ”The negotiated plaza: design and Zacharias, J., Stathopoulos, T. & Wu, H. 2004, development of corporate open space in ”SPATIAL BEHAVIOR IN SAN FRAN- downtown Los Angeles and San Fran- CISCO’S PLAZAS. THE EFFECTS OF cisco”, Journal of Planning Education MICROCLIMATE, OTHER PEOPLE, and Research, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-12. AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN”, Environment and Behavior, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 638-658.

59 Squares

BERTOLINI, L. & DIJST, M. 2003, ”Mobility Gaitani, N., Spanou, A., Saliari, M., Synnefa, Mansa, N., Strøbech, M. & Varnum, A. 1997, Environments and Network Cities”, A., Vassilakopoulou, K., Papadopou- ”Torve og pladser”, Landskab, vol. 78, Journal of Urban Design, vol. 8, no. 1, lou, K., Pavlou, K., Santamouris, M., no. 7/8, pp. 170-173. pp. 27. Papaioannou, M. & Lagoudaki, A. 2011, ”Improving the microclimate in urban Munkgaard Pedersen, K. 1998, ”Urbanitetens Birk Nielsen, F. 2002, ”Byens rytme”, Land- areas: a case study in the centre of transformation: en analyse af rummets skab, vol. 83, no. 4, pp. 72-81. Athens”, Building Services Engineering betydning for det urbane liv”, Matrix, Research & Technology, vol. 32, no. 1, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 167-198. Bøgeskov, S. 1999, ”Byens gågader, torve og pp. 53-71. pladser”, Landskab, vol. 80, no. 5, pp. Weirup, T. 1993, Torvet i vort hjerte: efter 116-122. Høyer, S. 2002, ”Scene og gæst”, Landskab, vol. årtiers lapperier genskabes de folke- 83, no. 2, pp. 24-29. kære københavnske pladser med stil Brambilla, G., Di Gabriele, M., Maffei, L. & og konsekvens, Berlingske Tidende, Verardi, P. 2008, ”Can urban squa- Iversen, A. & Huse, H. 2011, ”Shared space: København. res be recognized by means of their erfaringer med etablering af attraktive Soundscape”, paper for Acoustics ’08 trafik- og byrum”, Trafik & veje, vol. 88, Yang, W. & Kang, J. 2005, ”Soundscape and Paris[New York: Acoustical Society of no. 5, pp. 20-22. sound preferences in urban squares: America], , June 29-July 4, 2008, pp. a case study in Sheffield”, Journal of 3265. Lenzholzer, S. 2010, ”Engrained experience— Urban Design, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 61-80. a comparison of microclimate per- Catt, R. 1997, ”Small urban spaces: part ception schemata and microclimate Yezioro, A., Capeluto, I.G. & Shaviv, E. 2006, 8-protecting London squares”, Structu- measurements in Dutch urban squares”, ”Design guidelines for appropriate ral Survey, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 33-38. International journal of biometeoro- insolation of urban squares”, Renewable logy, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 141-150. Energy, vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 1011-1023. Christoffersen, T. & Andersen, J. 1999, ”Slags- målet om pladsen”, By og land, vol. Lenzhölzer, S. 2010, Designing atmospheres: Zerlang, M. 1996, ”Byens hjerte har krampe”, 1999, no. 44, pp. 4-7. research and design for thermal com- Samvirke, vol. 69, no. 12, pp. 70-72. fort in Dutch urban squares, [Sl: sn]. Deusen, R.V.,Jr 2002, ”Public space design as class warfare: Urban design, the ’right to Lenzholzer, S. 2012 (in press), ”Research and the city’ and the production of Clinton design for thermal comfort in Dutch Square, Syracuse, NY”, GeoJournal, vol. urban squares”, Resources, Conserva- 58, no. 2-3, pp. 149-158. tion and Recycling, , no. 0.

Lenzholzer, S. & van, d.W. 2010, ”Thermal Experience and Perception of the Built Environment in Dutch Urban Squares”, Journal of Urban Design, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 375-401.

60 Results / Topics

Young people’s use of urban space

Alparone, F.R. & Rissotto, A. 2001, ”Children’s Beasley, B.A. 2009, ”Fighting for a Radical Bromley, R., Tallon, A. & Thomas, C. 2003, citizenship and participation models: City: Student Protesters and the Politics ”Disaggregating the space - time layers participation in planning urban spaces of Space in 1960s and 1970s Downtown of city-centre activities and their users”, and children’s councils”, Journal of Manhattan”, Urban History Review, vol. Environment and Planning A, vol. 35, Community & Applied Social Psycho- 37, no. 2, pp. 6-17,62. no. 10, pp. 1831-1851. logy, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 421-434. Begum, H. 2009, ”Geographies of Inclusion/ Buliung, R.N., Mitra, R. & Faulkner, G. 2009, Amigó, M.F. 2009, ”Child Space: An Anthro- Exclusion: British Muslim Women in ”Active school transportation in the pological Exploration of Young People’s the East End of London”, Sociological Greater Toronto Area, Canada: An Use of Space (Review of book, edited by Research Online, vol. 13, no. 5. exploration of trends in space and time Karen Malone)”, The Australian Journal (1986-2006)”, Preventive medicine, vol. of Anthropology, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. Benarroch, J. 2008, Facaderne falder, De Ber- 48, no. 6, pp. 507-512. 254-255. lingske Dagblade, Kbh. Burgers, J. 2000, ”Urban landscapes on public Anderson, I. 1997, ”Young and Homeless in Béneker, T., Sanders, R., Tani, S. & Taylor, L. space in the post-industrial city”, Jour- Hollywood: Mapping Social Identities 2010, ”Picturing the city: young people’s nal of Housing and the Built Environ- (Review of book, written by Susan M. representations of urban environments”, ment, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 145-164. Ruddick)”, Housing Studies, vol. 12, no. Children’s Geographies, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 4, pp. 584-586. 123-140. Butcher, M. 2011, ”Cultures of Commuting: The Mobile Negotiation of Space and Ansell, N. & van Blerk, L. 2005, ””Where Boone, C.G., Buckley, G.L., Grove, J.M. & Subjectivity on Delhi’s Metro”, Mobili- we stayed was very bad... ”: migrant Sister, C. 2009, ”Parks and People: ties, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 237-254. children’s perspectives on life in infor- An Environmental Justice Inquiry in mal rented accommodation in two sou- Baltimore, Maryland”, Annals of the Buyanova, A.Y. 2009, ”The Adaptation of thern African cities”, Environment and Association of American Geographers, Young Rural Buryats to Ulan-Ude’s Planning A, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 423-440. vol. 99, no. 4, pp. 767-787. Urban and Educational Space”, Inner Asia, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 97-114. Arnesen, K. & Lægran, A.S. 2003, ”Playing Bourke, C. 2010, ”Library Youth Spaces Vs gender in public and community Youth Friendly Libraries: how to make Cahill, C. 2000, ”Street Literacy: Urban spaces”, Norwegian Journal of Geo- the most of what You have”, APLIS, vol. Teenagers’ Strategies for Negotiating graphy, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 164. 23, no. 3, pp. 98-102. their Neighbourhood”, Journal of Youth Studies, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 251-277. Baker, S., Bennett, A. & Homan, S. 2009, ”Cul- Boyd, J. 2010, ”Producing Vancouver’s tural Precincts, Creative Spaces Giving (hetero)normative nightscape”, Gen- Cameron, J. & Grant-Smith, D. 2005, ”Buil- the Local a Musical Spin”, Space and der Place and Culture: A Journal of ding Citizens: Participatory Planning Culture, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 148-165. 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Crane, P. & Dee, M. 2001, ”Young people, pp. 2831-2844. public space & NEW URBANISM”, Charkhchian, M. & Daneshpour, S.A. 2009, Youth Studies Australia, vol. 20, no. 1, Drummond, L. 2007, ”Hanoi 5000 Hoan ”Interactions among Different Dimen- pp. 11. Kiem Lakes: Using Art to Involve sions of a Responsive Public Space: Young People in Urban Futures”, Case Study in Iran”, Review of Urban & Day, R. & Wager, F. 2010, ”Parks, streets and Children’s Geographies, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. Regional Development Studies, vol. 21, “just empty space”: the local environ- 479-488. no. 1, pp. 14-36. mental experiences of children and young people in a Scottish study”, DTU Transport - Institut for Transport 2012, Chatterton, P. & Hollands, R. 2002, ”Theo- Local Environment, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. TU-rapport for Hele Danmark - Data- rising Urban Playscapes: Producing, 509-523. periode 2011, DTU Transport - Institut Regulating and Consuming Youthful for Transport, Kgs. Lyngby. 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67 68 Results / Topics

GPS tracking

Note: Anonymous Indoor/Outdoor Pedestrian Hanne Adriansen & Thomas Nielsen,. The The following bibliography is a listing of all Navigation with an Embedded GPS/ geography of pastoral mobility: A references under the topic of ’GPS tracking’. Self-contained Sensor System, 106 IEIC spatio-temporal analysis of GPS data These references are to be further subdivided TECHNICAL REPORT (INSTITUTE from Sahelian Senegal, 64 GEOJOUR- into the folders ’surveys’, ’other technologies’, OF ELECTRONICS, INFORMATION NAL.177, 177-188 (2005). ’geography’, ’mobility and transportation’, AND COMMUNICATION ENGINE- ’urban planning’, ’tourism’ and ’other research’. ERS).75, 75-80 (2006). G. AGAMENNONI et al. Mining gps data This will be done within the fall 2012, and con- for extracting significant places,(IEEE, sequently the following bibliography is to be Anonymous Extracting human mobility 2009). considerede as a draft. patterns from GPS-based traces, in 2010 IFIP WIRELESS DAYS : VENICE G. Agamennoni et al. Technical Report: (ITALY), OCTOBER 20-22, 2010( IEEE Inference of Principal Road Paths Using 2010). GPS Data. 2010. (GENERIC)

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(on file with Brunel University School of A. Alzua et al. Regional and Sub-Regional J. ARDÖ & P. PILESJÖ,. On the accuracy of Engineering and Design PhD Theses). Tourist Mobility Measurement System the global positioning systemGÇöA test (eGIStour). (GENERIC) using a hand-held receiver, 13 INTER- G. B. AL-SUWAIDI & M. J. ZEMERLY,. Loca- NATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE ting friends and family using mobile Ref Type: Generic SENSING.3229, 3229-3233 (1992). phones with global positioning system (GPS),(IEEE, 2009). Tomohiro Amemiya et al. Location-free Andrea Argnani et al. Pattern of deformation haptic interaction for large-area social around the central Aeolian Islands: M. AL NABHAN et al. A critical assessment applications, 13 PERSONAL AND evidence from multichannel seismics for RINEX data from OS NET for GPS UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING.379, and GPS data, 19 TERRA NOVA.317, accuracy improvement,(IEEE, 2008). 379-386 (2009). 317-323 (2007).

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78 Results / Topics

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J. Fawcett & P. Robinson,. Adaptive rou- M. FLAMM & V. KAUFMANN,. Com- M. J. A. FRIGNANI et al. Urban Travel Route ting for road traffic, 20 COMPUTER bining person based GPS tracking and Activity Choice Survey (UTRACS): GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS, and prompted recall interviews for a An Internet-Based Prompted Recall IEEE.46, 46-53 (2000). comprehensive investigation of travel Activity Travel Survey using GPS behaviour adaptation processes during Data,(2010). S. FENG & C. L. LAW,. Assisted GPS and life course transitions,(2007). its impact on navigation in intelligent C. FRITSCHE & A. KLEIN,. On the perfor- transportation systems,(IEEE, 2002). L. Foresti et al. Arianna: a GPS-WiFi enabled mance of hybrid GPS/GSM mobile multimedia guide for tourists visiting terminal tracking,(IEEE, 2009). T. FENG et al.Anonymous PROCESSING OF art cities, 6 MOBILE GUIDE. (2006). NATIONAL TRAVEL SURVEY GPS C. Fritsche et al. Nonlinear Filtering for PILOT DATA,. (2011). L. Foresti et al. Arianna: a GPS-WiFi enabled Hybrid GPS/GSM Mobile Terminal multimedia guide for tourists visiting Tracking, 2010 INTERNATIONAL T. Feng et al. Instantaneous Emission art cities, 6 MOBILE GUIDE. (2006). JOURNAL OF NAVIGATION AND Modeling with GPS-Based Vehicle OBSERVATION. (2010). Activity Data: Results of Diesel Trucks Timothy Forrest & David Pearson,. Compa- for One-Day Trips, 9 JOURNAL OF rison of Trip Determination Methods G. Fritz et al. Mobile vision for ambient lear- THE EASTERN ASIA SOCIETY FOR in Household Travel Surveys Enhanced ning in urban environments,MOBILE TRANSPORTATION STUDIES.756, by a Global Positioning System, 1917 LEARNING ANYTIME EVE- 756-771 (2011). TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RYWHERE.77, 77-80 (2005). RECORD: JOURNAL OF THE R. A. Fenske et al. Lessons learned for the TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH G. FRITZ et al. A mobile vision system for assessment of childrenGÇÖs pesti- BOARD.63, 63-71 (2005). urban detection with informative local cide exposure: critical sampling and descriptors,(IEEE, 2006). analytical issues for future studies, 113 P. J. Fourie & K. W. Axhausen,. A large scale ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PER- combined private car and commercial J. FROEHLICH et al. MyExperience: a system SPECTIVES.1455, 1455 (2005). vehicle agent-based traffic simulation for in situ tracing and capturing of user 2009-07-20 Johan W. Joubert Industrial feedback on mobile phones, 07 (2007). Ronald E. Fix & T. P. Burt,. Global positioning and Systems Engineering, University of system: An effective way to map a small Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa, Takuro Furusawa,. Tracking Fishing Acti- area or catchment, 20 EARTH SURF. and, (2009). vities of the Roviana Population in PROCESS.LANDFORMS.817, 817-827 the Solomon Islands Using a Portable (1995). Wouter G. P. Frencken et al. Soccer-specific Global Positioning System Unit and a accuracy and validity of the local posi- Heart Rate Monitor, 24 FIELD MET- Ingunn Fjørtoft et al. Children in schoolyards: tion measurement (LPM) system, 13 HODS.216, 216-229 (2012). Tracking movement patterns and physi- JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDI- cal activity in schoolyards using global CINE IN SPORT.641, 641-645 (2010). positioning system and heart rate monitoring, 93 LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING.210, 210-217 (2009).

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106 Ref Type: Generic Results / Topics

E. H. SHIN & N. EL-SHEIMY,. ACCURACY N. Shoval et al. A System and Method for T. SIMCOCK et al. Developing a IMPROVEMENT OF LOW COST Tracking Recording and Analyzing location based tourist guide INS/GPS FOR LAND APPLICATIONS Spatial Activity of a Subject for Medical application,(Australian Computer Soci- (University of Calgary, Department of and Other Applications. 17-2-2011. ety, Inc., 2003). Geomatics Engineering 2001) WO Patent WO/2011/018,748. (GENE- RIC) R. SIMON & P. FRÖHLICH,. A mobile appli- N. Shoval & M. Isaacson,. Application of cation framework for the geospatial tracking technologies to the study Ref Type: Generic web,(ACM, 2007). of pedestrian spatial behavior, 58 PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER.172, N. O. A. M. SHOVAL et al. Use of the global A. K. SIMONSEN et al. Udfordringer i forbin- 172-183 (2006). positioning system to measure the delse med GPS-støttede spørgeskema- out-of-home mobility of older adults undersøgelser,(2008). N. Shoval & M. Isaacson,. Tracking tourists with differing cognitive functioning, in the digital age, 34 ANNALS OF 31 AGEING & SOCIETY.849, 849-869 L. SKLENAR & I. UTTING,. Growing a Tou- TOURISM RESEARCH.141, 141-159 (2011). rist Guide,(Archaeolingua, Budapest, (2007). Hungary, 2005). Noam Shoval & Michal Isaacson,. Application N. Shoval & M. Isaacson,. Sequence alignment of Tracking Technologies to the Study H. SKOV-PETERSEN et al. Quo Vadis? GPS as a method for human activity analysis of Pedestrian Spatial Behavior*, 58 THE registrering og det personlige rute- in space and time, 97 ANNALS OF PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER.172, valg,(2011). THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN 172-183 (2006). GEOGRAPHERS.282, 282-297 (2007). M. B. Skov et al. Pervasive and Mobile Com- Noam Shoval et al. The use of advanced puting. 2012. (GENERIC) N. Shoval,. Tracking technologies and urban tracking technologies for the analysis analysis, 25 CITIES.21, 21-28 (2008). of mobility in Alzheimer’s disease Ref Type: Generic and related cognitive diseases, 8 BMC Mikael B. Skov et al. Designing on-site: Facili- N. Shoval,. The GPS Revolution in Spatial GERIATRICS.7, 7 (2008). Research,URBANISM ON TRACK, tating participatory contextual architec- APPLICATION OF TRACKING Noam Shoval et al. What can we learn about ture with mobile phones,PERVASIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN URBANISM.IOS the mobility of the elderly in the GPS AND MOBILE COMPUTING. (2012). PRESS, AMSTERDAM. (2008). era?, 18 JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT B. K. SMITH et al. Inquiry with imagery: GEOGRAPHY.603, 603-612 (2010). N. SHOVAL et al. Monitoring Impacts of Visi- historical archive retrieval with digital tors with Aggregative GPS Data,(2009). Noam Shoval,. Monitoring and Managing cameras,(ACM, 1999). Visitors Flows in Destinations using Tomás Soler,. GPS/GNSS current bib- N. Shoval & M. Isaacson,. Tourist mobility Aggregative GPS Data and advanced tracking technologies liography, 12 GPS SOLUTIONS.71, (2010) Information and Communication Techno- 71-76 (2008). logies in Tourism 2010, in 171-183 (unpublished manuscript). (Ulrike Gretzel et al. eds., Springer Vienna 2010).

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108 Results / Topics

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Shirli Werner et al. Caregiving burden and J. WOLF et al. The impact of trip underrepor- P. Wolf & G. Petit,. Satellite test of special out-of-home mobility of cognitively ting on VMT and travel time estimates: relativity using the global positioning impaired care-recipients based on GPS preliminary findings from the Califor- system, 56 PHYSICAL REVIEW tracking, FirstView INTERNATIONAL nia statewide household travel survey A.4405, 4405 (1997). PSYCHOGERIATRICS.1, 1-10 (2012). GPS study,(2003). H. Wu et al. Novel self-configurable positio- G. WESSEL et al. GPS and road map naviga- J. Wolf et al. Eighty Weeks of Global Posi- ning technique for multihop wireless tion: the case for a spatial framework tioning System Traces: Approaches networks, 13 IEEE/ACM TRANSACTI- for semantic information, 10 (2010). to Enriching Trip Information, 1870 ONS ON NETWORKING (TON).609, TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH 609-621 (2005). Jeffrey G. White & Robert J. Zasoski,. Map- RECORD: JOURNAL OF THE ping soil micronutrients, 60 FIELD TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH J. Wu et al. Performances of Different Global CROPS RESEARCH.11, 11-26 (1999). BOARD.46, 46-54 (2004). Positioning System Devices for Time- Location Tracking in Air Pollution Sarah Wiehe et al. Using GPS-enabled cell J. WOLF,. Applications of New Technologies Epidemiological Studies, 2010 ENV- phones to track the travel patterns in Travel Surveys,(2006). IRON HEALTH INSIGHTS.93, 93-108 of adolescents, 7 INTERNATIONAL (2010). JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRA- Jean Wolf et al. Accuracy Issues with Route PHICS.22, 22 (2008). Choice Data Collection by Using Global J. Wu et al. Automated time activity classifica- Positioning System, 1660 TRANS- tion based on global positioning system J. WIERENGA & P. KOMISARCZUK,. PORTATION RESEARCH RECORD: (GPS) tracking data, 10:101 ENV- Simple: developing a lbs positioning JOURNAL OF THE TRANSPORTA- IRONMENTAL HEALTH. (2011). solution,(ACM, 2005). TION RESEARCH BOARD.66, 66-74 (1999).

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References

Herunder er listet den litteratur og de internetsider, der er henvist til i rapporten.

Literature Internet Harder, H. & C.B. Christensen (2015) The Aal- (aau.dk, a) (statistikbanken.dk, a) borg Survey / Part 1 - Web Based Survey, AD Person profile Aalborg University, Associate Danmarks Statistisks hjemmeside: Files, ISSN: 1603-6204, vol. nr.: 65 Professor Henrik Harder http://www.statistikbanken.dk http://vbn.aau.dk/da/persons/pp_8e0bc0fb- Der er søgt under ’Befolkning og valg’ / Harder, H., I.M. Reiter, C.B. Christensen, H. 32c8-4abd-a144-f2af598b6788/publications. FOLK1: Folketal den 1. i kvartalet efter kom- Jagd & A.S. Askholm (2015a) The Aalborg html mune, køn, alder, civilstand, herkomst, oprin- Survey / Part 2 - GPS Based Survey, AD Files, delsesland og statsborgerskab (Aalborg, mænd ISSN: 1603-6204, vol. nr.: 66 (aau.dk, b) + kvinder, 14-23 år, 2008K1) Person profile Aalborg University, Professor Harder, H., C.B. Christensen, M.V. Jensen & Ole B. Jensen (statistikbanken.dk, b) J. Fink (2015b) The Aalborg Survey / Part 3 - http://vbn.aau.dk/da/persons/pp_ac94dbec- Danmarks Statistisks hjemmeside: Interview Based Survey, AD Files, ISSN: 1603- c800-4674-8891-af368f9ce432/publications. http://www.statistikbanken.dk 6204, vol. nr.: 67 html Der er søgt under ’Uddannelse og viden’ / U1107: Elever efter bopælskommune, uddan- (aub.aau.dk, a) nelse, alder og køn (Aalborg, almengymnasiale Aalborg University Library’s page on mana- uddannelser + erhvervsgymnasial uddannel- ging references with RefWorks ser + erhvervsfaglige forløb + erhvervsuddan- http://www.aub.aau.dk/referencehaandtering- nelser, 14-23 år, mænd + kvinder, 2008) vrefworks/

(aub.aau.dk, b) Aalborg University Library’s list of licensed databases for literature search http://www.aub.aau.dk/findmateriale/databa- seliste

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