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New Approaches to Public Policy in Ukraine Lessons Learned from New EU Member States

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New Approaches to Public Policy in Ukraine Lessons Learned from New EU Member States New Approaches to Public Policy in Ukraine Lessons Learned from New EU Member States Executive Intern Program analytical reports and policy papers Kyiv Publishing House К.І.С. 2006 УДК 351:32:338 (474+438)(048.33) В 52 Approved by the Academic Board of the National Academy of Public Administration, Office of the President of Ukraine (NAPA). Protocol № 119/4 of March 30, 2006. Program Advisors: David Dettman, Resident Director, NDI Ukraine Timothy Fairbank, Program Manager, NDI Ukraine Christine Quirk, Program Manager, NDI Ukraine Editors: Оleksandr Kiliievych, Assocsiate Professor, Economic Policy Department, NAPA Valeriy Tertychka, Doctor of Sciences (Public Administration), Professor, Department for Public Policy and Political Processes Management, NAPA Reviewers: Оlga Lebedynska, Doctor of Sciences (Public Administration), Professor, Dean for Part-Time Studies, Department for Regional and Urban Management and Local Self-Government, NAPA V. Tokovenko, Doctor of Sciences (Public Administration), Professor, Chair, Sociology Department, Kyiv International University Publication of this book was made possible with the support of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this publication are the responsibility of the National Democratic Institute program participants and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. New Approaches to Public Policy in Ukraine: Lessons Learned from New EU Member States. Executive Intern Program analytical reports and policy papers, Eds. O. Kilievych, V. Tertychka — Kyiv: К.І.С., 2006. — 230 p. ISBN 966-7048-57-8 This publication contains internship reports and policy papers written by participants of the Executive Intern Program initiated by the National Democratic Institute (NDI), USA, with the support of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the Secretariat of the President of Ukraine. Two types of program participants (interns and employees of government institu- tions) completed month-long internships in the ministries and agencies of Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. They then wrote internship reports with recommendations to the Ukrainian gov- ernment based on experiences of the EU member states in which they studied. During their subsequent four-month internships in corresponding Ukrainian government institutions, participants used the techniques of policy analysis to recommend (through policy papers) a course of action to specific Ukrainian institutions and policy players. Intern policy papers focus on the issues of public administration and its efficiency and the formulation of public policy especially in the field of EU integration. This book is a compilation of those intern reports and policy papers and is intended for public servants and policymakers working for central government and local authorities; for representatives of NGOs and think tanks; for researchers and lecturers; and for MPA students and students who specialize in economics, political science, and law. УДК 351:32:338 (474+4380)(048.33) ISBN 966-7048-57-8 © Editors O. Kiliievych, V. Tertychka, 2006 © К.І.С., design, layout, 2006 Contents The Executive Intern Program 5 Acknowledgements 7 Program Participants 8 Part I. Internship Reports Oleksiy Gayevskiy Tax Policy of the Republic of Poland 14 Olena Galenko Centralized Test for Secondary Education Certificates as an Education Quality Indicator and a Mechanism of Equal Access to Higher Education 22 Dmytro Gapeev Creation of a Favorable Institutional Environment for Foreign Investors 31 Andriy Zayika Mechanisms for Coordinating European Policy in the Process of EU Accession 43 Svitlana Matus Developing Renewable Energy Sources as a Means of Meeting Kyoto Protocol Objectives 53 Bohdan Moysa Employment for the Visually Impaired 62 Mykola Netyaga Effectiveness of Anti-corruption Activity 72 Oleksiy Stolyarenko Legal Entities and the Registration of Their Commercial Names 80 Olexiy Khmara Improving the Railway System’s Management Quality 88 Volodymyr Shcherbachenko Student Involvement in the Formulation and Implementation of Public Policy for Higher Education 96 Part II. Policy Papers Oleksiy Gayevskiy Improvement of Ukraine’s Taxation System 108 Olena Galenko Certification of Secondary School Graduates 118 Dmytro Gapeev Creating a Unified and Consistent Government Policy Regulating the Investment Activities of Residents and Non-Residents in Ukraine 128 4 New Approaches to Public Policy in Ukraine Andriy Zayika Coordination of the European Integration Process by Executive Power Bodies 143 Svitlana Matus Prospects for the Realization of Kyoto Protocol Goals in Ukraine 152 Bohdan Moysa Employment for the Visually Impaired 164 Mykola Netyaga Implementing Measures to Effectively Fight Corruption in Public Administration 176 Oleksiy Stolyarenko Intellectual Property Rights Protection 188 Olexiy Khmara “Daddy School” as a Mechanism for Preventing Divorces Among Young Ukrainian Families 199 Volodymyr Shcherbachenko Participation of Students’ Self-Governments in the System of University Self-Governing Bodies 217 The Executive Intern Program Eroding the Barriers to Reform In early 2005, Viktor Yushchenko was inaugurated president of Ukraine with a mandate to reform the ways in which his country was governed. The new government had inherited a sprawling bureaucracy, characterized by what one government minister labeled a “Soviet face.” Many of the struc- tures, policies, and governing procedures had functioned largely unchanged for years and continued to serve as major barriers to reform. As a result, the new government approached the National Democratic Institute’s (NDI) office in Ukraine for assistance in recruiting, training, and monitoring a new generation of civil servants who would be schooled in Western governance standards and would be committed to transparency and accountability within the Ukrainian government. In response, NDI in cooperation with the Cabinet of Ministers and the National Academy for Public Administration of Ukraine (NAPA); the gov- ernments of Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland; and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) implemented its Executive Intern Pro- gram in mid-2005. The program consisted of five phases: Recruitment: Drawing from a pool of new employees from the Cabinet of Ministers and capable candidates from around Ukraine, NDI convened a board of representatives from host countries, NGOs, and the Ukrainian government to select a group of talented young people for training, exchange, supervision, and policy development. Training: Upon selecting a group of interns and newly hired em- ployees of the Cabinet of Ministers, NDI and NAPA began civil service trainings focused on increasing the effectiveness of the gov- ernment, fighting corruption, and developing innovative policies and procedures in the various ministries. Exchange: Participants in the program were then sent to one of three new European Union member states Latvia, Lithuania, or Po- land to work alongside their counterparts in corresponding minis- tries for one month. During their placement, participants observed the day-to-day workings of governments that meet Western govern- ance standards. They gained a deep understanding of open and tra- nsparent government, as well as formulated policy ideas to assist the work of the Ukrainian Cabinet of Ministers. Internship: After the completion of their exchange to the above- mentioned countries, participants spent four months either returning to their posts at the Cabinet of Ministers or beginning their intern- ships therein. This work was supervised by Ukrainian government officials, representatives from NAPA, and NDI. 6 New Approaches to Public Policy in Ukraine Policy Reports and Papers: During their supervised internships, participants developed policy ideas generated by their time abroad. The program then paired the interns with experts in their chosen policy field. Interns, consulting with these experts, compared and contrasted Ukrainian policies with those of the new EU member states and crafted the policy reports and recommendations (papers) for the Ukrainian government that are contained in this book. What follows is a compilation of Executive Intern Program policy re- ports and papers written by a new generation of civil servants schooled in Western governance standards and committed to transparency and account- ability within the Ukrainian government. The experiences that interns gained in the ministries of new EU member states are already being applied to the ministries of Ukraine. All participants who were not newly hired civil servants of Ukraine secured jobs with the civil service (or at NGOs in their related fields) following their internships in the nation’s ministries. Through efforts such as the Executive Intern Program, a spirit of reform is eroding the old Soviet structures, policies, and governing procedures and putting a new face on the government of Ukraine. David Dettman Resident Director National Democratic Institute Ukraine Acknowledgements The National Democratic Institute initiated a pilot Executive Intern Pro- gram in the summer and fall of 2005, following requests for assistance made by the Ukrainian government. The program was to identify a young and talented group of Ukrainians either currently serving or planning to serve in the nation’s civil service. After a long and competitive application process, we were pleased to select an excellent group dedicated to moving Ukraine forward in its democ- ratic transition and
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