Annotated List of the Fishes of Illinois

STATE OF ILLINOIS HENRY HORNER' Gooernor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION

DIVISION OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY THEODORE H. FRISON, C,,'I

Vol. XX BULLETIN Article V

D. JOHN O'DONNELL

PR,INTED BY AUTEORITY OF TEE STATE OF ILLINOIS

URBANA, ILLINOIS

AUGUST 1935 STATE OF ILLINOIS HrNrY HotNnn, Goz'ernor DEPARTMBNT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION HoNonaslr .|oux J' Har"ltHaN, Director

BOARD OF NATURAL RBSOURCES AND CONSERVATION HoNonasln JouN J. Halr,rHaN, Chairman Ph.D., LL'D., Chem.D', Wrr,r-rev Tnrlresr, D.Sc., LL.D., Biology Wrr,r,teu A. Novrs, D.Sc,, Chemistry Hunr.v C. Cowr,rs, Ph.D., D.Sc', Forestry EosoN C, Besnu, Ph.D., GeologY JonN W. At-vorn, C.8., Engineering Anrlun Currs WItlero, D.Eng., LL.D., Presid.ent ol the llnix,ersity of Illinois

NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY DIVISION URBANA, ILLINOIS Scientifc and Technical 9taff Tnnoponn H. FrusoN, Ph.D., Chief

BIOLOGY SECTION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY SECTION OF AQUATIC Zoologist \4r. P. !'t-tsr, 8.5., Chiel Entomologist Devro H. TuoursoN, Ph.D., C. C. Covprot,M.S., Associate Entomologt.st F. D. Huwr, Field Naturalist Fo**o*, Ph. D:., Researe h Entomologist D. F. HeNsnN, A.M., Assistant Zoologist Vi. b. Zoologist S. C. CH,rxnirn, B.S., Southern Field Ento- D. J. O'DoNNnlr-, M.S., Assistant molo aist J. H. Bricen, 8.5., Central Field Entomolo- SECTION OF INSECT SURVEY qist Entomologisl L. Stt.o"snnB, M.5, Northetn Field En- H. H. Ross, Ph.D., Systematie [i. Entomolo' tomolostst C,rnr, O. Nttorrn, Ph.D., Assoeiate R. Ph.D., Research Fellow in oist, Arlist E. McGovneu. Entomol- EntotnologY L. Fi. Towr.rsrxo, Ph.D., Assislant W. E. McCeriirv, B. S., Assistant Entomolo- ogist qist in T. F.- Arsrrnr,uNo, M.S., Research FeIIoqo SBCTION OF GAME NESEARCH ANI) Entomology MANAGEMENT Game Slecialist SECTION OF APPLIED BOTATY A\D R. E. Yrerrun, Ph.D., PLANT PATHOLOGY L. R. Trnox, P\.D., Botanist SECTION OF FONESTRY C. Cnnrpn, Ph.D., .4ssistant Bolanist I. Forester i;. H. Boswr. ts.S., Ficld Botanist L. E. Sewvsn, B.S.F., Extension

PUBLICATIONS

Cennorr- Cnourr.r..cro, M.A., Editor

Thie paper ie a contribution frcm the Section of Aquatic Biology CONTENTS PAoE INrnonucrroN..... +73 Cr.essrrrno Lrsr op L-r-rxors Ftsrrrs...... +75 Brslrocnap'Y""' " +91 AppnNprx. ..'.492 Hvbridization and racial dilierentiation among Illinois fishes.-Index to families, genera and species' z

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a ILLINOIS NN VOLUME XX ARTICLE V

Annotated List of the F ishes of Illinois

D. JOHN O',DONNELL

INCE 1876, specimens and data re- Jordan Nomenclature garding the appearance and distri- Because o{ its general usage, the man- bution of fishes in this state have ual of Jordan (1929), which changed the been collected by zoologists of the Ir-r,rNors generic names associated with 70 species Srarn Narunar. Hrsrorn Sunvnvand the and the specific names o{ 31 species of organizations which were its predecessors. fishes given in Forbes & Richardson, has In 1909 Stephen Alfred Forbes and Rob- furnished the nomenclature for this list. ert Earl Richardson published a report Names in the list by Jordan, Evermann entitled "The Fishes of Illinois," which and Clark (1930), as well as the old was partly revised for a second edition names of Forbes & Richardson (1920), printed in 1920'. Many scientific names are used in synonymy. o{ Illinois fishes have been changed in the Names of Hybrids tlventy-six years that have passed since There are a few exceptions to this rule' the original report was issued, so that to- One, of course, is the case of certain hy- day' 1h... is need for a list which will brids, which did not recognize but place the state fauna in accord with pres- Jordan which have nevertheless been classified and ent general classifications. used separately, either by Forbes and Present Fauna Richardson in 1909 or subsequently in In recording the many changes that Jordan, Evermann & Clark ( 1930 ) . (Lepo- have been made by taxonomists, this list Apomotis (Lepomis) ischyrus, A. presents 172 species names, distributed mis) euryorus and l{otropis pilsbryi arc among 31 families and 117 genera. In in this group. Likewise Carpiodes thomp- addition there are several dozen hybrid soni, not recognized by Jordan and now {orrns in the fish fauna of lllinois. probably best treated as a variety of d. cyprinus, is included in this list because Ten species have been added to the it has been established in the literature forms known to Forbes and Richardson in of the Illinois fauna (Forbes & Richard- 1909, some of which are names of Amer- son 1920), in addition to its placement ican and foreign species that have become as a distinct species in Jordan, Evermann established in Illinois, and some native & Clark (1930). Alvordius (Hadrop- previously undiscovered. species terus ) eztermanni was included in Forbes single lsee bibliocraphy, p. 491 & Richardson on the basis of a I4731 ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY BULLETIN XX:V

Fig. l.-Interior of Sunvnv laboratory boat Anax, looking forward. specimen taken in the lllinois' Possibly Illinois fishes have resulted entirely from a suspicion of its hybrid nature, as stated the formalities of fish taxonomy and not by Hubbs (1926), accounts for its omis- from correction of any mistakes in segre- sion from Jordan (1929). It recurs as gation or identifications as used in 1903-06 valid, however, in Jordan, Evermann & by Forbes and Richardson. Neither have Clark, on the strength of specimens from they resulted from any evolution of our Indiana. The last exception is in the species, nor from any refinement in the case of the red horses, whose names of method of describing them. The descrip- Forbes & Richardson are retained. The tions which were written for "The Fishes descriptions of red horses given in Jordan of Illinois" were, in almost every case' (1929) and in Jordan, Evermann & based on the detailed examination and Clark (1930), do not approximate our rneasurement of large numbers of Illinois Illinois red horses closely enough to make specimens. their identity probable. Common Names in Illinois Forbes & Richardson Accurate Lack of agreement among ichthyolo- It has never been adequately empha- gists in regard to common names of fishes sized that changes in the nomenclature of has forced the adoption in this list of those O'DONNELL: ANNOTATED LIST OF ILLINOIS FISHES common names which are now in most formation and assistance have been con- general use in Illinois. These common tributed by present staff members, among names and the recorded distributions have them Dr. T. H. Frison, chief ; Dr. David been included as f ar as known; it is hoped H. Thompson, zoologist; and Mr. F. D. that this effort will stimulate others in- Hunt, field naturalist, to all of whom terested in the fish li{e of the state to fill the writer tenders thanks. An indebted- the obvious gaps in many of the records. ness is also acknowledged to Dr. Harley Jones Van Cleave, pro{essor of zoology in Acknowledgments the University of Illinois, for his sugges- This report based is upon field records tion of the problem while expressing a kept by Sunvry zoologists and their fore- need among ichthyologists and less tech- runners, since 1876. A great deal of in- nical students for such a list.

CLASSIFIED LIST OF ILLINOIS FISHES

PI'TROMYZONIDAE N{ississippi, Ohio, Wabash, Illinois river Ichthyomyzon Girard to Henrr', Rock river to Sterling, Kas- I. concolor (Kirtland) J JEC FR s, kaskia river to Evansville. Everywhere Lanrrrn, LAMeER EEL, LAMpRErr.-All less abundant than formerly. Almost ab- Illinois streams with a drainage area ex- sent from the upper Mississippi following ceeding 1000 square miles. Parasitic in construction of Keokuk dam. winter on larger fishes such as carp, buffalo, catfishes and spoonbill. Three or more lampers may occasionally be found ACIPDNSERIDAB on one host fish. Acipenser Linnaeus A. fulvescens Rafinesque J JEC Lethenteron Creaser & Hubbs Acipenser rubicundus Le Sueur FR 24 L. appendix (De Kay) J JEC Rocr sruncEoN, LAKE sruRGEoN.- Lampetra tcildcri Gage FR 11 Taken occasionally in the Mississippi, Bnoor LAMeREv, sMALL BLACK LAM- Ohio, Wabash and Rock rivers. Com- pREy.-Very rare; Lake Michigan 1903, mon in the Illinois river before 1900; now small creek near Danville winter of 1931. rare. Nurnbers observed spawning on rocky Scaphirhynchus Heckel riffes of Wild Cat creek near Dayton S. platorhynchus (Rafinesque) J JEC (Tippecanoe county), Ind., in early FR 27 spring of 1910, 1916. Suovnr,-NosnD sruRcEoN, HAcKLE- BAcK.-Common jn the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. Occasionally taken the POLYODONTIDAE in lower Illinois. Polyodon Lac6pbde Parascaphirhynchus Forbes & P. spathula (Walbaum) J JEC FR 16 Richardson SpooNsrr,r, cAT, eADDLEFTsH, BoNELESS P. albus Forbes & Richardson .I JEC cAT.-Large rivers; recently found in the FR 28 2./ indicates tllc prcsent accepted name as given Wurrn sruRcEoN, LoNG-NosED sruR- by Jordan (1999) : ./fC indicates tbe name [iven by Jordan, Dverrnaun & Ciark (1930) ; and JcB, 566N.-ft41s; known only from the Mis- nith a number, indicates the page on wbich the species is given ln Iforbes & Ric'hardson (1920), sissippi river at Grafton and Alton. ILLINOIS NATURAL HISToRY SURVEY BULLETIN Xx:V :*---; r A

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R Fig. 2.-Principal streams of Illinois. O'DONNELL: ANNOTATED LIST OF ILLINOIS FISHES

Kas- LEPISOSTE to Beloit, Illinois river to Henry, Wabash rivers' Very abun- Lepisosteus Lac6Plde kaskia and dant in the MississiPPi and Ohio' L. osseus (Linnaeus) J JEC FR 31 LoNc-Nosro cAR' BILLY can.-Lakes' Found in all streams with drainage area CLUPEII) exceeding 500 square miles' Pomolobus Rafinesque FR Cyliodrosteus Rafi nesque P. chrysochlorus Rafinesqte J JEC C. platostomus (Rafinesque) J JEC tt8 coLDEN SHAD' BLUE HER- Lepisosteus platostotlrltt Rafinesque FR 34 Srreyacr, a few Suonr-Nosno can.-Most abundant RING.-Not common in lllinois, the lower Rock gar in rivers with drainage area of more having been taken from rivers. Present in small than 5000 square miles. and lo=wer Illinois numbers in the Mississippi and Ohio' Atractosteus Rafinesque Alosa Linck tristoechus (Schneider) J A. FB 19 spatula (Lac6pdde) IEC' Le' A. ohiensis Evermann J JEC Atraetosteus small tristoechus (Bloch & Schneider) OHro suao.-Rare; Present in fisosteus the Ohio FR 35 numbers in the Mississippi and Ar,r,rcaron can.-Mississippi river to to Pittsburgh. Muy occur in the Illinois Quincy. Occasionally in the Illinois to un to Meredosia. I{enry, the Ohio, lower Wabash and lower Kaskaskia. DOROSOM Dorosoma Rafinesque D. cepedianum (Le Sueur) J JEC FR Amia Linnaeus tt5 sHAD' HIcKoRY sHAD' A. calva Linnaeus J JEC FR 38 Gruzevo - generally distributed in all Docrlsu, cRINDLB' BowFIN.-Sloughs Abundant; rivers, connecting lakes and occa- and lakes adjoining the Mississippi, Illi- larger smaller streams. Abundant in nois and Ohio rivers' Not so abundant sioially northward. Fox, Rock and Kankakee lakes having mud bottom. rivers. Occurs in the larger and more sluggish streams of southern Illinois' COREGONIDAE ProsoPium Milner HIODONTI (Richardson) J JEC -P. - quadrilaterale Amphiodon Rafinesque Cirrgonu, quadrilateralis Richardson FR 53 RoUND (Rafinesque) J JEC MBNoltrNnE wHITEFISH, A. alosoides Much Hiod.on alosoides (Rafinesque) FR 43 $,HIrEFisH'-Lake Michigan' common NoxrHnnN MooNEYE' GoLDEYE'-VerY more rarelY taken than the rare; found only in the largest streams, rvhitefish. prefers open water' At one and swift Coregonus Linnaeus time abundant in the Mississippi and Ohio clupeaformis (Mitchill) J J-EC FR 51 rivers, and the Illinois to Havana' C. CorralroN 11-HTTEFISH, SUPERIoR Hiodon Le Sueur wHITEFISH.-Fairly abundant in south- Largest and Le J JEC FR Ltt' western Lake Michigan' H. tergisus Sueur ot Oc- most widelY known of our specles Toorrrnp HERRING, M0oNEYE' - curs in small numbers in the Rock river whitefish. X; ILLTNOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY BULLETIN

of the Kishwaukee, Pecatonica LeucichthYs DYbowski tributaries and Apple rivers. Is able to propagate artedi (Le Sueur) J JEC L. itself in these localities' Also lound in Argyrosomus artedi (I'e Sueur\ FR 54 Blackberry creek near Yorkville but not Ctsco, LAKE HERRING' col\INIoN LAKE propagating. HERRINc.-Lake Michigan' The most ub,r.tdunt food fish in the Great Lakes' ANGUILLI In addition to the cisco, the following are more or less commonlY taken in Lake Anguilla Thunberg Mi.higun : L. reighardi Koelz, the. chub A. bostoniensis Le Sueur '/ JEC' An- L.zenithicus (Jordan & Evermann), the Anguilla rostrata (Le Sueur) 59 longjaw L. alpenae Koelz, the mooneye guilla ehrllsYPa Rafinesque 'FR .ir.l- l. ftoli (Giil) , L' johannae (Waq- AlrnruceN DEL' FRBSH-wATER having a drainage the mooneye L. kiyi Koelz, and the Found in all streams ner). Up to nisriPinnis (Gill)' basin exceeding 500 square miles' blackfin L. by several hundred pounds taken per day commercial fishermen at Browning on the SALMONIDAE Illinois. Salmo Linnaeus S. salar sebago Girard J JEC CATOSTOMIDAE Srnaco LeNolocrPu sALMoN' Rafinesque Michigan: {ound in CYclePtus sALMoN.-Lake (Le J JEC FR 65 at the northern end; may C. elongatus Sueur) small numbers Mrssounr sucKER' BLAcK HoRSE' also occur off Chicago. BLUEFISH.-Mississippi, Ohio and lower Trutta Linnaeus ittirroi. .iu.tt. Formerly common in the T. trutta (Linnaeus) J JEC lower Rock' BRowN TRour'-A few have GnriuaN Megastomatobus Fowler reported by anglers from the tribu- been (Cuvier & Valenciennes) J taries oi the Kishwaukee and Pecatonica M. cyprinella this trout JEC rivers. It is uncertain whether (Cuvier & Valenciennes) propagate itself in natural Ictiobus ryprinella is able to FR 68 waters of Illinois. Rnp-lrourrr BUFFALo, BIG-MourH T. iridea (Gibbons) J surralo.-Very abundant in all larger Salmo irideus Gibbons JEC lakes' Found in off In- .rr.u-. and floodplain RarNsorv TRour.-Common ...,u11"., more sluggish streams with of Lake Mich- th. diana and Michigan shores exceeding 300 square miles' off the Illinois drainage areas igan. To be expected S..onJ among Illinois commercial fishes' Jor". ProbablY not seParable from Salnto gairdnaril Richardson' Ictiobus Rafinesque trrus (Agassiz) J JEC FR 70 Cristivomer Gill & Jordan I. NloNcnrr- BUFFALo, RoUND BUFFALo' JEC FR 5.6 C. namaYcush (Walbaum) J same as big-mouth buttalo abundant in Lara rnour.-FairlY -Distributionbut it is less abundant' Present known Illinois shore' Lake Michigan off the iu.r. .o.r."rrring the li{e history of this interpretation that it is a Salvelinus Richardson fish permit the Megastomatobus (Mitchill) J JEC natuial hybrid between S. fontinalis bubalus' BRooK TRour, sPEcKlED cyPrinella and I. EasrneN JEC 'FR f2 Franklin spring seven miles I. bubalus (Rafinesque) J rnout.-In BUFFALo' QUTLLBAcK northwest of Rockford, and in spring-fed Suer-r.-uourrr O'DONNELL: ANNOTATED LIST OF ILLINOIS FISHES

rivers and larger creeks. BUFFAI.O, HIGHBACK BUFFALO' RAZOR- in the smaller in Lake Michigan. BAcK BUFFALo.-Common in the Missis- Common and in the sippi, Ohio, Illinois and Rock, HyPentelium Rafi.nesque principul streams of the state generally' nigricans (Le Sueur) J JEC Characteristically a If. P..{.it deep water. Catostomus nigrieans Le Sueur IR 36 common in sorne channel fish although Hoc sucxnR, HAMMERHEAD' sroNE- and sloughs. Commer- bottomland lakes RoLLER.-Common throughout northern cially important. and eastern parts of the state in head- smaller tributaries of the Carpiodes Rafinesque w.aters of the Illinois, Kaskaskia, Embarrass and Big (Rafinesque) J JEC FR 76 C. carpio Vermilion rivers. Prefers swifter streams CARP' sHADr SILvEREEN' CouuoN Rl\rDR with gravel bottom. in the Illinois, Rock and Mis- -(166rn611 smaller streams' sissippi. Seldom ascends ErimYzon Jordan C. difformis CoPe JEC FR 77 (Mitchill) J FR 81 "I g4PP'-Qe669n E. sucetta oblongus BluNr-NosBD RIvER Erimyzon nrretta (l'ac|pide) JEC' Eri- in some smaller streams of central llli- myzon oblonoar (Mitchill) JEC nois. Taken sparingly in the Rock and Crrus sucKER' swEET sucKER' - Illinois rivers. Widely distributed in large and small C. cyprinus (Le Sueur) J JEC streams. Essentially a creek species' Most Carpiodes oalifar (Rafinesque) FR 78 abundant in eastern part o{ the state in Qurr.lracr, sILvnR g6PP'-Q6mrn6n the drainage of the Wabash and Ohio, in medium-sized rivers and larger creeks' and in the headwaters of the Sangamon Most abundant in northern Illinois' and Kaskaskia. Common in the Fox Avoids area o{ the lower Illinoisan lakes. glaciation' MinYtrema Jordan C. thomPsoni Agassiz JEC FR 79 M. melanops (Rafinesque) J JEC FR 83 Larn canP' Found in the Great sucKER, STRIPED sucKER'- Its recognition- by Forbes and Sporrnu Lakes. stream systems. but most from the Illinois river is ques- Taken in all Richardson in the Wabash and the Kas- tioned. A recent examination of this commonly kaskia basins. Mainly a species of creeks genus by the late Mr. R. E' Richardson and smaller rivers. Most abundant in and Dr. David H. ThomPson, using a certain lakes and Ponds' Iarge amount of fresh material including points the specimens from several on Moxostoma Rafinesque other parts of the United Great Lakes and M. anisurum (Rafinesque) J JEC FR 89 that C. thompsonl should States, indicates WHrrn-NosnD sucKER.-Lake Michi- ol C. cyprinus' be regarded as a variety gan and the Illinois, Sangamon, Rock, Catostomus Le Sueur Mississippi, Ohio and Wabash. Distrib- the state in moderate C. catostomus (Forster) J JEC FR 8lt uted throughout Loxc-NosnD sucKER' NoRTHERN numbers. sucKER, RED sucKEn.-Lower Lake M. aureolum (Le Sueur) J JEC FR 90 all Michigan. Couuox RED HoRSE'-Taken in the Big MuddY' Com- C. commersonii (Lac6pdde) J JEC FR s5 streams except and eastern two Br,acr sucKER, FINE-ScALBD sucKER' monest in the northern Abundant in the coMMoN sucrnn.-Generally distributed thirds of the state. and in the Kaskaskia' throughout Illinois. Most abundant in Rock river basin systems' the northern third oi the state, especially Wabash and Sangamon ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY BULLETIN XX:V

M. lesueurii (Richardson) J JEC occasionally in small spring-fed streams of Moxostoma breoicePs (CoPe) FR 91 southern Illinois. Does not occur within Srronr-nraoED RED uonsn.-All rivers, the low-er lllinoisan glaciation. lakes and streams of the central and northern part. More abundant in the smaller Notemigonus Rafinesque rivers than in large rivers, creeks and N. crysoleucas (Mitchill) J JEC lakes. Abramis uysoleucas (Mitchill) FR 126 Gor,onN SHINER, BREAI\'I, RoAcH. - Placopharynx Cope Found in all streams. In the southern P. carinatus Cope J JEC and eastern parts of the state it pre{ers Placopharynx duquesnei (Le Sueur) FR 93 creeks. Elsewhere it has been taken in Brc-loorsnp RED HoRSE. Rare in greatest numbers along the larger rivers. Illinois. One specimen {rom the- Wabash, several from the Illinois. Not recognized Opsopoeodus Hay with c.ertainty in recent years. O. emiliae llay J JEC FR 12t' L Most abundant in southern Illinois, L. I{agochila Jordan & Brayton especially in the Saline river. Prefers fl. lacera Jordan & Brayton FR 94 creeks and ponds. Northward it has been Rassrr-N{ourH sucKER.-Up to the taken almost wholly along the larger present not found in lllinois. Probably rivers the Illinois, the Rock and inhabits the Wabash basin. Mississippi.- Semotilus Rafinesque CYPRINIDAE S. atromaculatus (Mitchill) J JEC FR Cyprinus (Artedi) Linnaeus 121 C. carpio Linnaeus J" FR 10tt Honwro DACE, cREEK cHun.-Equally EunopnaN canp.-Common or abun- abundant in all the stream systems of Illi- dant in all streams draining more than nois. Prefers creeks and the smaller rivers. 200 square miles. is very abundant in It Minichthys Agassiz the Illinois river and its connecting bot- (Cuvier tomland lakes. The carp is the most im- R. cataractae & Valenciennes) J JEC FR 160 portant commercial fish oi the Illinois, the Louc-Nosno D-rcn.-Rare; {ound onll' annual catch being 6 to 10 million pounds. in Big creek near Anna, and near Wau- Carassius Nilsson kegan. Prefers clear cold streams. C. auratus (Linnaeus) J R. atronasus (Mitchill) J JEC FR 162 Gor.onisn.-Rarely taken from the Ill- Br,ecr-NosnD DAcE.-Rare; has been inois river and Lake Michigan. Common taken only in creeks of the northern part in Wolf lake near Chicago. Three speci- o{ the state, the Fox river, and from Big mens of a hybrid Carassius aurdtus X Cy- creek (nvo specimens) near Anna. prinus carpio have been taken, two {ronl Extrarius the Illinois at Peoria in 1932 and one Jordan from the Rock at Rock{ord. Feb. 1, 1933' E. hyostomus (Gilbert) J Illacrhybopsis hyostoma (Gilbert) JEC. Chrosomus Rafinesque HyboPsis hyostomus (Gilbert) FR 163 C. erythrogaster Rafinesqw J JEC FR Taken in moderate numbers from the 112 Rock, Green, ILlinois and Mississippi. Rno-snLLtnp p4sn.-f6s2lly abundant. Occurs in small, clear, spring-fed tribu- Macrhybopsis Cockerell & Alliston taries of the Rock and Fox rivers. Found M. gelidus (Girard) J gelida (Giratd) JEC rSee Jordan (1929), p. 07, footnote. MacrhyboPsis \NELL: ANNOTATED LIST OF ILLINOIS FISHES la1

Ne$'15' discovered in lllinois. Several Hybopsis phenacobius Forbes JEC. Notro_ specimens were taken in February 1930 pis phenacobins Forbes FR 138 from the Mississippi river at Chester. Rare; streams of central Illinois. H. volucellus (Cope) Erimystax J JEC Jordan Notropis blennius (Girard) FR ljz E. dissimilis (Kirtland) J JEC bTRAw-coLoRED MrNNow. Distrib_ Hybopsis dissirnilis (Kirtland) FR 164 uted throughout in clear streams- and Sporrno snrNrR.-Rare; {ound in the creeks. lVlost abundant in the extreme lorver Kaskaskia, upper Embarrass, the northern part. Avoids the southern Illi- Sangamon, Kickapoo, Spoon and Rock. noisan glaciation, Erinemus Jordan H. dorsalis (Agassiz) J E. hyalinus (Cope) J JEC Hybopsit gilberti (Jordan & Meek) JEC. Hybopsis amblops (Rafinesque) FR 165 Notropis gilberti Jordan & Meek FR I3g Srr,vnn cHUB, Brc-EyED cHUB.-Abun- Pre{ers small rivers and creeks. Found dant in the southeastern part, also in the in the 1\4ississippi d'rainage. Mackinaw and upper Kankakee rivers. H. boops Gilbert .f Prefers creeks. Restricted in central Illi- Hybopsis shumardi (Girard) JEC. Notro- nois to the Nliddle Fork, Salt Fork and pis illetebrosur (Girard) FR 140 Embarrass river basins. Brc-nyto t\,rrNNo\4'.-Rare : closelv lim- E. storerianus (Kirtland) "/ JEC ited to the tributaries of the Wabash in Hyltopsis storerianus (Kirtland) FR 166 the eastern part. Sronnn's cHUB.-Scarce. Widely dis- H. anogenus (Forbes) J JEC tributed in the larger streams and lorvland Notropis anogenils Forbes FR ij2 lakes. Not present in streams of the lower PucNosB sHrNER.-Rare in Illinois. I llinoisan glaciation. Twenty-four specimens were collected in the upper Fox river at McHenry, Nocomis Girard Ill., in 1885, one individual from Fourth lake in N. biguttatus (Kirtland) J 1892, three individuals from Pistakee lake Noeomis hentuckiensis (Rafinesque) JEC. in 1925 and 15 in 1930 from the same Hybopsis kentackiensis (Rafinesque) FR 167 \1'atef. Rtvnn cHut, HoRNvHEAD. Found heterolepis onlS' in the recently glaciated areas.- Very H. Eigenmann & Eigenmann ..I Hybopsis caluqa abundant in streams lakes (Meek) JEC. Notropis and of the cayuga northeastern section. Meek FR 133 Hybridizes with Cayuca sHrNER, Luxilus cornutus. BLAcK-NosED SHINER.-NoI abundant in Illinois. Most N. micropogon (Cope) J JEC common in creeks in the northern half of Has been taken only from streams of the state, although found in the north- the Wabash drainage. This species may eastern glacial lakes. have been included with N. biguttatus by H. heterodon (Cope) Forbes & Richardson tnder Hybopsis rten- J JEC Notropis tuckiensis, heterodon (Cope) FR 134 Br,acr-NosnD sHrNER.-Distributed Platygobio Gilt sparingly throughout, mainly in the low- P. gracilis (Richardson) J JEC FR 1r0 land and glacial lakes in a way to indicate Fr,arHnap cHus.-Has been taken an avoidance of the lower Illinoisan sla- only from the Ohio at Cairo and the Mis- ciation. f'here is some evidence that one sissippi at Chester. or two varieties of this species occur in Illinois but at the prcsent time we are nor Hybopsis Agassiz able to separate them gcographically or H. deliciosus (Girard) J taxonomically. ILLINOIS NATURAL HtSTORy SURVEY BULLETTN XX: V

nux richardsoni H. Hubbs & Greene J STEEL-COLORED MTNNOW. Extremelv JEC abundant, especially in the smaller- streams This form was found by Forbes and of the central part. Occurs in small num- Richardson but the species had not been bers in all other parts. Scarce in lakes named at the time of their final report. It and large rivers. Prefers swift water. is closely related to H. heterodon. Taken in the lowland streams of the Wabash, Luxilus Rafinesque Ohio and Big Muddy valleys. L. cornutus (Mitchell) J JEC H. atrocaudalis (Evermann) J JEC Notrolis cornulus (Mitchill) FR 147 Notropis taluga" ntrotaudalis Evermann FR ConrvoN sHrNER.-Very abundant. 134 Prefers creeks and the smaller rivers. Ten collections from the Illinois and Scarce in the southern third of the state, adjacent rvaters near Meredosia, and one abundant in the rest. Hybridizes with from the main river at Havana. Found N o co mis big ut tatus, H y bo g nat hus nu chalis in small numbers in the Kaskaskia and the and, N o tr o pis ru brif ron s. streams of Champaign county. Notropis H. hudsonius (DeWitt Clinton) J Rafinesque Hudsonius hudsonius (DeWitt Clinton) JEC. N. photogenis (Cope) J JEC Notropis hudsonius (DeWitt Clinton) jcR Srr,vnn sHrNER.-Recently found in 141 bottomland lakes of the Ohio near Spor-rarr,nn MrNNow.-Very abundant Brookport. though limited to the Mississippi and Lake N. rubrifrons (Cope) J JEC FR 1ig 1\4ichigan drainage, and occurring but Rosy-nacro sHrNER.-Occurs only in tlvice south of the central part of the state. the Mississippi drainage of the northern n4ost abundant in the larger rivers and third of the state. Taken in the tribu- in lakes. taries of the Illinois, the Rock, the Fox H. blennius (Girard) J and the Mississippi. Prefers clear rapid Paranotropis jejunus (Forbes) No- water. Hybridizes with Luxilus cornutus. jejunus "fEC. tropis (Forbes) FR 150 N. atherinoides Rafinesriue J JEC FR Distributed sparingly along the larger 151 streams. Scarce in creeks and only mod- Laxn sHrNBn.-Distributed through- erately abundant in lowland lakes. Avoids out. Less abundant in the Illinois, the the lower Illinoisan glaciation. Kaskaskia and the Big Muddy than in the other stream systems. Not present in Cyprinella Girard the glacial lakes of northeastern Illinois. C. lutrensis (Baird & Girard) J N. pilsbryi Fowler JEC FB 1Ig Moniana hirensis (Baird & Girard) JEC. This species is a hybrid between Luxilus Notropis htrensis (Baird & Girard) FR 143 cornutus and, Notropis rubrifrons, Taken RnoErN.-Essentially a western species, only in the east fork of the Mazon river occurring only in streams of the Missis- near Gardner, and from the Sangamon in sippi drainage. Prefers streams of all sizes Champaign to lakes. Forbes & Richardson (1920) county. states, "It is very nearly allied to the next Lythrurus Jordan species, N. uthil>plii, compared with which L. umbratilis cyanocephalus (Copeland) J it seems to be merely a more specialized Lythruru.s umbratilis (Girard) JEC. form, Lyth- the two sometimes intergrading in rurus atripes Jordan JEC. Notropis um- an obscure and very puzzlingway." bratilis atripes (Jord,an) FR 154 C. whipplii (Girard) J Br,acrrrx. Distributed throughout, - Erogala whipllii (Girard) JEC. Notropis being several times more numerous in the ,.phill,lii (Girard) FR 145 eastern half than in the lvestern. Most O,DON,NELL: ANNOTATED LIST OF ILLINOIS FISHES abundant in the Big Muddy, the tributa- Srr.vnnv MlNNow.-Generally distrib- ries of the Wabash and the small rivers uted throughout, occurring in many and creeks of extreme southern Illinois. stream systems but most abundantly in Jordan (1929) described this species as southern Illinois. Hybridizes with Lux- Lythrurus atripes from collections taken ilus cornutus. in streams of Union and Johnson counties. Dionda Girard Ericymba Cope D. nubila (Forbes) J JEC Hybognatlrus nubila (Forbes) FR 116 E. lruccata Cope J JEC FR 156 Rare; taken only in the northern part Srr,vnn-naourH r.IINNow.-Headwaters and Fox rivers. of the minor tributaries of the Wabash -Rock and upper course of the Kaskaskia. Also Campostoma Agassiz in the tributaries of the Iroquois and the C. anomalurn (Rafinesque) J JEC FR 110 upper Sangamon. Doucrrsnl-l-Y, cREAsER CHUB, sroNE- qqlaBa.-l-eund Phenacobius Cope in all creeks, where it is abundant, in the smaller rivers and occa- P. mirabilis (Girard) J JEC FR 158 sionally in the larger rivers and lakes. Not Sucrnn-lrrourH MINNOW. Most found in streams of the lower Illinoisan abundant in creeks, Occurs in all- of our elaciation. river basins but is not present in the upland glacial lakes. Prefers swift water and sandy bottom. AMEIURIDAE Ceratichthys Baird & Girard Ictalurus Rafinesque (Cuvier C. vigilax Baird & Girard J JEC I. furcatus & Valenciennes) J FR 178 (Baird & Girard) FR 128 JEC Cliola oigilax q41.-Q6rnrn6n Bur-r-u Bao MINNow. Qs66sn Blun cAt, Fur-rox i1 Mississippi and rivers and for throughout. Most abundant- in the Kas- the Ohio kaskia and Wabash basins. Prefers a distance up their larger tributaries. swi{ter streams with clean bottom. I. anguilla Evermann & Kendall J JEC FR 179 I{yborhynchus (Agassiz) Enr, cAT, wILLow g41.-Q6666n. fI. notatus (Rafinesque) J JEC Found rvith .I. punctatus and Opladelus Pimephales zolala.r (Rafinesque) FR 119 oliz,aris, but in smaller numbers through- Br-uxr-NosnD N{INNow.-The most out the range. abundant and widely distributed minnolv I. punctatus (Rafinesque) J JEC FR 180 in Illinois. Very abundant in the lower CH.qN.Nnr- cAT, FIDDLER, SILVER cAT,- Illinoisan glaciation, slightly less so in the The most abundant of our true catfishes. waters of the northeastern part of the It occurs in all river basins, sloughs and state. lakes. Four specimens taken in the Rock river at Rockford and Sterling in recent Pimephales Rafinesque years seem to be hybrids between Ictalurus promelas Rafinesque JEC FB 117 P. J Punctatus and Opladelus olit,aris. Br-acrsEAD MINNo\4', FATHEAD, - Found in tributaries of all the stream Villarius Rutter systems in the northern and western three V. Iacustris (Walbaum) J fourths of the state. Most abundant in Haustor lacustris (W-albaum) JEC. Amei- urus lacustris (Walbaum) FR 184 creeks, the smaller rivers and ponds. Carrrsa oF THE LAKES, NORTHERN Ifybognathus Agassiz carnrsn.-Reported as common in Lake H. nuchalis Agassiz J JEC FB 114 Michigan. XX:V ILLINOIS NATTJRAL HISTORY SURVEY BULLETIN

the Pecatonica at Ameiurus Rafinesque the Illinois river, in Freeport, in the Du Page in Will county' A. natalis (Le Sueur) J JEC Fn 187 in Honey creek in Henderson county' ln Ynr-rou' BULLHEAD' YELLow cAT' - the Sangamon in Champaign county, and Abundant throughout, except in the ex- in two creeks of Union county in extreme treme northlvestern part o{ the state' Most southern Illinois' common in creeks and lowland lakes but (Jordan) J JEC found in all river basins, including the R. miurus Schilbeod.es miurus (Jordan) FR 200 Michigan drainage area and the north- BnrNor-Bo sroNEcAT.-Confined prin- glacial lakes. eastern cipally to tributaries of the Wabash and (Le J JEC FR 187 A. nebulosus Sueur) Aithough common' it has a spotty BRowN BULL- Ohio. Spncrr-nP BUT,LHEAD' distribution in streams, preferring a gravel throughout in lakes HnAD.-f)istributed bottom and swift current. It is occasion- rivers, except in the ex-- and large sluggish ally {ound in the extreme headwaters of northwestern part o{ the state and treme the Kaskaskia. within the lower Illinoisan glaciation' The least abundant of our bullheads' Schilbeodes Bleeker FR 190 A. melas (Rafinesque) J JEC gyrinus (Mitchill) J JEC FR 197 Distributed S. Br-ecr BULLHEAD' Taupor,n cAT, MAD Tou.-Distrib- - in the smaller throughout, very abundant uted throughout in larger rivers, creeks, in the streams streams. Least abundant upland and lowland lakes. Prefers still drainage and most of the Lake Michigan and muddy watet' Enters the lower Illi- o{ the Mississippi abundant in the creeks noisan glaciation. This species is most valleys of the Wabash blufis a-nd in the abundant south and east in branches of The most abun- and Kaskaskia rivers. the Kaskaskia and Wabash rivers. of our bullheads. dant S. nocturnus (Jordan & Gilbert) J FR OPladelus Rafinesque 198 O. olivaris (Raflnesque) J JEC Rabida noeturnd (Jordan & Gilbert) JEC Leptops olioaris (Rafinesque) FR 193 Fx.ncrr-np sroNEcAT.-Rare ; found in Muo cat, FLATHEAD cAT' GouJoN' creeks near Havana and Lincoln, in trib- YELLow cAT.-Common in the lllinois' utaries of the Kaskaskia in Clinton and Mississippi and Ohio, and also found in Shelby counties, and in Camp creek in the Rock and Wabash rivers' Taken in Henderson county. smaller numbers from the Spoon, Green' Sangamon and Kaskaskia Little Wabash, UMBNID rivers and from Crooked creek' Umbra (Krimer) Miiller Noturus Rafinesque U. limi (Kirtland) J JEC FR 203 N. flavus Rafinesque J JEC FR 19t+ Mup nrrNNow, MUDFISH.-Occurs al- SroNncar.-Common and widelY dis- most entirely in ponds, lakes and ditches tributed in the larger creeks and smaller in the extreme northern and southern rivers of the northern half of the state' parts. Occasionallv taken at Havana and but has never been taken south of Doug- Meredosia on the Illinois river' las county. Prefers swi{t current and a rock and gravel bottom. ESOCIDAD Rabida Jordan Esox (Artedi) Linnaeus R. exilis (Nelson) J JEC vermiculatus Le Sueur J JEC F8206 Schilbeodes arili.r (Nelson) FR 199 E. PIKE, LITTLE PIcKEREL'-Dis- Sr,nuPnn sroNEcAT.-Rare; found in Gnass O'DONNELL: ANNOTATED LIST OF ILLINOIS FISHES tributed throughout, most abundantly in Top ryrrNNol, TopwATER.-Very abun- the southern part. Most common in dant throughout in all types o{ waters. creeks, but also found in ponds and the Most abundant in the smaller streams and smaller rivers. Prefers quiet and muddy headwaters of southern and eastern parts. waters. E. lucius Linnaeus J FR 207 POECILIIDAE Colrnrox PIKB, PIcKEREL, cREAT Gambusia Poey NORTHERN plKE.-Abundant in the head- patruelis (Baird waters of the Kankakee and the glacial G. & Girard) J JEC Gambusia affi,nis (Baird & Girard) FR 215 lakes of the northeastern part, Occasion- Moseurro FrsH, vrvrpARous rop MIN- ally taken in the clearer sloughs and lakes xow.-Fairly common in extreme south- of the Illinois, Rock and Green rivers. ern lllinois. It has been taken also from This may prove to be Esox estor Le Sueur, l.{eredosia, Pekin and in the Fox an American form as yet not clearly sep- Quincy, river basin. Several specimens taken from arated Irom Esox lucius Linnaeus of Horseshoe lake, 5, 1933, contained Europe, as is stated in Evermann July Jordan, prominent & Clark (1930). embryos with eye spots. Fe- males collected August 15 contained young E. masquinongy Mitchill JEC FR 209 J apparently ready for extrusion. Prefers Musrnrr.uNcE.-Reported in earlier ditches, marshes and lagoons. years from lakes in the northeastern part. One was taken f rom Fox lake by a SL'nvnv field party in 1930. AMBLYOPSIDAE Forbesella Jordan & Evermann "This genus contains transitional spe- Fundulus Lac6pdde cies connecting Chologaster with Typhlich- thys," (1929). F. diaphanus menona (Jordan & Cope- Jordan papillifera (Forbes) land) J FR 211 F. J JEC Zygoneetes diaphanus menona (Jordan & Chologa.rter papillilerus Forbes ,FR 2.18 Copeland) JEC SpnrNc cAvE FrsH.-Cave springs, MnNoNa rop MINNow, MnNoNa Union and Pope counties. KILLIFISH.-A northern and middle western species in the United States. Has PERCOPSIDAE been taken here less than 50 times, all in Percopsis Agassiz the northern half of the state. Found in the headwaters o{ the Fox, Des Plaines P. omiscomaycus (Walbaum) J JEC gilttatus Agassiz 225 and Rock rivers, in pools near Blooming- PercoPsis FR ton and in the Calumet ponds. Prefers Tnour PDRcH.-Abundant in bottomland lakes along the Illinois river from clear water and sand bottom. Meredosia to Hennepin. Also from a Zygonectes Agassiz srnall stream near Lincoln, Logan county, Z. dispar Agassiz J JEC and once f rom Lake Michiean ofi Fundulus disPar Agassiz FR 212 Clhicaeo. Br.ecrcunnr roP MINNow,-Occurs throughout in bottomland lakes of the APHREDODERIDAE larger rivers and in creeks. Abundant in the upland lakes of northeastern Illinois. Aphredoderus Le Sueur Most abundant in lakes and sloughs. A. sayanus (Gilliams) J JEC FR 229 Z. notatus (Rafinesque) J JEC Prnern PERcH.-ln muddy pools and Fundulus notatus (Rafinesque) FR 213 strearns throughout the state, most com- 486 ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY BULLETTN XX:V mon southward. Pre{ers muddy bottom M. pseudaplites Hubbs J JEC and Iittle or no current. KnNrucry BASS, sourHERN SMALL- Mourn BLAcK sass.-Two specimens GASTEROSTEIDAE taken April 16, 1935, from Grand Pierre creek near Rosiclaire and one from the Pungitius Coste Ohio river at Shawtreetown. General P. pungitius (Linnaeus) J JEC distribution is southeastern United States Pygosteus pungitius (Linnaeus) FR 224 from r,r'estern West Virginia northward NrNr-sprNn srIcKLEBAcK.-Taken but to southern Ohio, westward to Kansas and c,nce, from the lon'er Calumet river and central'I'exas, {rom the adjacent part of Lake Michigan. Apomotis Rafinesque Eucalia Jordan A. cyanellus ((Rafinesque) JEC E. inconstans (Kirtland) J JEC FR 222 J Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque FR 248 Bnoor srrcKlEBAcK.-Confined to the GnnnN suNFIsH, BLUE-sporrED suN- lakes of northeastern Illinois, the Calumet p1s11.-Q666on throughout. Most abun- river at South Chicago, tributaries of the dant in creeks, the smaller rivers and Rock and Fox rivers, and creeks in La ponds. Hybridizes with Eupomotis gib- Salle county. Prefers clear cool brooks. bosus, Allotis humilis, Helioperca incisor, Associated trith water cress. X enr.ttis megalotis and Chaenobryttus gulosus. ATHERINIDAE A. ischyrus (Jordan & Nelson) JEC Labidesthes Cope Leponis isehyrus (Jordan & Nelson) FR 250 L. sicculus (Cope) J JEC FR 227 Btc-Nosno gg11p1g11.-ftare ; not known Bnoo< sIr.vERSrDE. Distributed outside of Illinois. Several specimens have throughout the northern, central- and east- been taken from the Illinois river at Mere- ern parts, but not taken from the Big dosia. Proved by Hubbs (1932) and re- Mudd1,, the Saline and other waters of cent SuRvEy experiments to be a hybrid extreme southern Illinois. Prefers clear between ,lpomotis cyanellus and Helio- streams and lakes. perca incisor. A. euryorus (McKay) JEC Lepornis eurlorus McKay FR 252 Very been Huro Cuvier rare. Has taken only from Crooked creek near La Harpe, in Han- H. salmoides (Lac6pdde) J cock county. Hubbs (1932) has proved fluro floridana (Le Sueur) JEC. Microp- by experimental breeding that this form tertrs salrnoides (Lac6pide) FR 267 is the hybrid ontotis cyanellus o- Lancn-uourH BLAcK nass.-Equaliy '1 f X Euf ntotis rlibbosus. distributed throughout, passing freely into the lower Illinoisan glaciation. Most com- Lethogrammus Hubbs mon in the larger and more sluggish riv- L. symmetricus (Forbes) ers, upland and lowland lakes. J Alonotis symmetrieus (Forbes) JEC. Le- Micropterus Lac6plde pomis symmetrirzr Forbes FR 251 M. dolomieu Lac6pide J JEC FR p6S Rare; found in lakes and streams of Snaar.r,-rrourH Br,AcK sass.-A north- southern Illinois. Also taken twice from ern fish, avoiding the lower Illinoisan gla- the Illinois river at Pekin. ciation. Most abundant in the smaller rivers and about half as abundant in Sclerotis Hubbs creeks. Prefers clear swi{t water. S. miniatus (Jordan) J JEC O'DONNELL: ANNOTATED LIST OF ILLINOIS FISHES

LePomis miniatus Jordan FR 253 mon in all lakes. Hybridizes with Eupo- Or-p-rasrrroNED sUNFISH' RED PBRcH' motis gibbosus, Xenotis megalotis, Apomo- common' now rare; taken oc- tis cyanellus, Chaenobryttus gulosus and -Formerlycasionally f rom bottomland lakes and ,lllotis humilis. ponds of the lllinois river. Eupomotis Gill& Jordan Allotis Hubbs E. heros (Baird & Girard) J JEC FR 259 A. hurnilis (Girard) J JEC A southern species, rare in Illinois. Has LePomis humilis (Girard) FR 255 been taken at a few points in the Wabash OneNcn-spotrno suNnrsH'-Distrib- basin and in the Ohio at BrookPort. uted throughout, most abundant in creeks E. gibbosus (Linnaeus) J JEC FB 260 and the smaller rivers. Rare or absent in PulrrrNsnBo.-Very abundant in the extreme northern lllinois. Hybridizes upland lakes of Lake and McHenry coun- with Apomrttis cyanellus, Helioperca in- ties and in lakes along the Illinois. Very cisor and Xenotis megalotis' In Lake scarce south of the center of the state. Senachwine and in Crystal lake in Ur- Essentially a pond species, and next most bana, it shows intergrades of many sorts abundant in the smaller rivers. Produces with .Eupomotis gibbosus, as if some hy- sterile hybrids with Helioperca incisor, brids between these species at these points X enotis megalotis, A pomotis cyanellus had proved fertile and produced other and Chaenobryttus gulosus. Shows fer- segregates. tile segregates with Allotis humilis. Xenotis Jordan Chaenobryttus Gill X. megalotis (Rafinesque) J JEC C. gulosus (Cuvier & Valenciennes) J Lepomis megalotis (Rafinesque) FR 254 JEC FR 245 ExtremelY LoNc-nanno suNFISH. - Wan NI o u r rr BASS. Distributed abundant in the smaller streams o{ the throughout in small numbers.- Abundaqt southern and eastern parts' comparatively in the glacial lakes of northeastern Illinois scarce in the remainder of the state. Hy- and also in the lower Illinoisan glaciation. bridizes with Eupomotis gibbosus, Helio- Prefers muddy water. Hybridizes with perca incisor, Apomotis cyanellus and Eupomotis gibbosus, Helioperca incisor Allotis humi'lis. and / Po motis cyanellus. (CoPe) J X. megalotis Peltastes Ambloplites Rafinesque Lepomis megalotis Cope FR 254 Peltastes FngIS Dwanr LoNc-EARED suNFISH. A A. rupestris (Rafinesque) J JEC - MainlY a dwarf race of northern Illinois. Has been Rocr nass, coccLE-EYB. been- taken from taken only in the clear swift water of the northern species, having southern Illinois, Fox from Ottawa to the Fox lakes, in the only five localities in Illinoisan gla- Du Page at Naperville, in the Vermilion and not at all in the lower of me- at Pontiac and Fairbury, in a small creek ciation. Most abundant in rivers glacial lakes. in Du Page county and in Indian creek, dium size and in the La Salle county. Pomoxis Rafinesque FR 238 Helioperca Jordan P. annularis Rafinesque J JEC cRAPPIE.-Occurs in all parts, incisor (Cuvier&Valenciennes) J JEC Wurrn H. lakes, and Lepomis (Mitchill) FR 257 most abundantlY in Ponds Patlidus the smaller Br-unctr-r-, BLuE suNFIsu.-Principal bayous but common also in sunfish of the state. Occurs throughout rivers and in creeks. but most abundant in the larger streams P. sparoides (Lac6pbde) J JEC FR 240 and their principal tributaries. Also com- Br,acr cRAPPIE, cALIco BAss.-Found ILLINOIS NATURAL HTSTORY SURVEY BULLETIN X;

Most abundant in throughout, usually with the white crap- tributed throughout. and pie. lt is slightly less common than P' the small streams of the Kaskaskia creeks and )nnularis in creeks, but more abundant in Wabash systems' Prefers the northeastern glacial lakes and the bot- small brooks. Illinois. tomland lakes of the Vaillantia Jordan Centrarchus Cuvier & Valenciennes V. camura (Forbes) J JEC carnururn Forbes FR 298 C. macropterus (Lac6pEde) J JEC FR 2&1 Boleosoma p4p1Bp.-Vsry abundant RouNu suNFISH, Pr-16P.-P61nd onlY Sr.rus-Nosno part. Most abundant in thc in southern lllinois from Hamilton coun- rn southern and Saline basins. Pre{ers ty southward; taken only {rom creeks and Big Muddy rivers. .ioughr tributary to the Little Wabash, creeks and the smaller the Big Muddy, the Cache and a small Etheostoma Rafinesque Brookport. Very abundant in creek near E. blennioides Rafinesque "I JEC I{orseshoe lake. Diplesion blennioides (Rafinesque) FR 292 GnnnN-srlnn panrnn.-Has been taken ELASSOMI only f rom the smaller streams of the Wabash s)'stem' Elassoma Jordan E. zonatum Jordan J JEC FR 232 Imostoma Jordan Prcwn suNrrsrr'-Has been taken only I. shumardi (Girard) J JEC six times: from Little Fox river at Phil- Cottogatter shu'mardi (Girard) FR 290 lipstown, Wabash river at Wabash Sta- Rrvnn narrnn.-Not common' Occurs tion, Drew pond in White countY, Swan wholly along the courses of the larger pond near St. Francisville, Running lake, streams, and has been taken from Lake and from a bluff spring in lJnion county. Michigan at Chicago' Percina Haldeman ETIIEOSTOMIDAE P. caprodes (Rafinesque) J JEC FR 282 Loc pnncrr.-Distributed throughout' Vigil Jordan Most common in lakes and medium-sized (Baird) JEC V. pellucidus J rivers. More abundant in the northern Ammoerypta pellucida (Baird) FR 301 than in central and southern parts. SaNo nantnn.-Has been taken only in the Middle Fork of the Vermilion in thc Alvordius Girard Wabash basin, lower Kaskaskia, lower ,A. evermanni (Moenkhaus) JEC Moenkhaus FR 284 Illinois and in the Rock river. Iladropterus eoermanni One specimen taken from the Illinois Crystallaria Jordan & Gilbert river at Havana' Hubbs (1926) regards C. asprella (Jordan) J JEC FR 300 this iorm as a hybrid o{ undetermined Rare; has been taken from the Rock parentage. river at Cleveland, Erie and Milan, from A. phoxocePhalus (Nelson) J JEC the Little Wabash at Effingham and the Hadropterus phoxocephalus (Nelson) f'R Mississippi at East Dubuque' First de- 235 E O cc u r s scribed from specimens taken in a rocky Suanp-NosnD D A RT R. the northern- glacial creek of the Mississippi bluffs in Hancock throughout except in smaller county. lakes. N{ost abundant in the streams. Boleosoma De KaY A. maculatus Girard J JEC B. nigrum (Rafinesque) J JEC FB 294 Hadropterus aspro (Cope & Jordan) FR 286 Br-acr-srpnu D A RT E R' O ccu r s JoHNNv DARTER.-Very abundant, dis- - O'DONTNELL: ANNOTATED LIST OF ILLINOIS FISHES throughout except in the northern glacial land glacial lakes. Three times as abun- lakes. Common in the smaller rivers and dant in central and nearly twice as abun- creeks, rare in the larger rivers. dant in southern, as in northern Illinois. A. ouachitae (Jordan & Gilbert) J JEC O. coeruleus (Storer) J JEC Hadropterus ouachitae (Jordan & Gilbert) Etheostoma eoentleurn Storer FR 309 FR 283 RatNnow panrpn,-Prefers creeks and One specimen taken from the Wabash smaller rivers having swift water and a river at New Harmony, Indiana, in 1909. clean bottom. More abundant in northern Illinois than is O. jessiae. Avoids the Serraria Gilbert lower lllinoisan glaciation. S. sciera (Swain) J JEC O. obeyensis (Kirsch) J HadroPterus scierus Swain FR 289 Ni,tticola obeyense (Kirsch) JEC. Etheo- Two specimens taken from the Embar- stoma obeyensa Kirsch FR 311 rass river near Charleston' Rare; has been taken only in four collections, all from rocky and gravelly Ericosma Jordan creeks in Pope and Hardin counties. E. evides (Jordan & Copeland) J JEC O. exilis (Girard) J Hadropterus ewides (Jofian & Copeland) Oligoeephalus ioarae (lordan &Meek) JEC. FR 288 Etheostoma iowae Jordan & Meek FR 306 specimen taken Bar.nno DARTER.-One Abundant in northern Illinois in Pista- the Rock river in 1877. Several speci- from kee lake, Wolf lake, Senachwine lake, mens taken from the same river at Rock Rock river, Green river, Pecunsagan Island 1927 and at Sterling in 1932. in creek, in the Illinois river at Ottawa and One specimen taken from the Kaskaskia Dutchman's creek in Johnson county. in 1930. Claricola Jordan & Evermann Nanostoma Putnam C. squamiceps (Jordan) J JEC N. zonale (Cope) J JEC Etheostoma squamiceps Jordan FR 312 Ethcostoma zonale (Cope) FR 304 Has been taken only in southern Illi- BaNpBp DARTER. Limited to the - nois south of the Saline river, except for northern half of the state except for a one collection from Robinson creek, a single collection from the Wabash. Pre- branch of the Kaskaskia in Shelby county, fers the smaller rivers to creeks or large and a collection {rom the Little Wabash rivers. river near Carmi in White county. Pre- gravel Nothonotus Agassiz fers swift water and bottom. N. camurus (Cope) J JEC Catonotus Agassiz Etheostoma camu.rum (Cope) FR 306 C. flabellaris (Rafinesque) J JEC Br,un-snnasrno DARTER.-Has been Etheostoma flabelLare Rafinesque FR 313 taken several times {rom the Salt Fork FaN-ratr,Bn DARTER. Prefers the and Middle Fork of the Vermilion river' smaller streams. Has been- taken only Reported from Peoria, from Union county once rvithin the lower Illinoisan glaciation. and the Saline and lower Wabash basins' Most abundant in the northern third of the state, {airly abundant in the central Oligocephalus Girard third. O. jessiae (Jordan & Brayton) J JEC Etheostoma iessiae (Jordan & Brayton) FR Hololepis Agassiz 307 H. fusiformis (Girard) J Muo DARTER.-Abundant. Prefers Boleichthys fusiformis (Girard) JEC FR large streams and lowland lakes to small 315 rivers and creeks. Not found in the up- Fusrnonirt DARTER, BROWN-SIDED DART- ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY BULLETIN XX:V nn.-l4ost abundant in the creeks and Wnrtn BASS.-Larger rivers and lakes. smaller rivers. Found in the upland lakes Most abundant in the Fox lakes and the of Lake and McHenry counties and abun- Mississippi, Illinois and Ohio rivers. part of the state' dant in the southeastern Chrysoperca Fowler Prefers sluggish water and mud bottom. C. interrupta (Gill) J JEC Microperca Putnam Morone interruPta Gill FR 321 M. punctulata Putnam J JEC FR 317 Yrrr,ow BAss.-Prefers the large rivers Lnasr oanrnn.-Not present in the and adjacent lakes. Most abundant in central part but abundant in the upland central Illinois. lakes o{ northeastern Illinois. Has been taken frorn Skillet Fork in Wayne county SCIAENIDAE county. and from Drury creek in Union Aplodinofus Rafinesclue A. grunniens (Rafinesque\ J JEC FR 323 'ER.TDAE S rrrnpsuraD, FRESH-WATER DRUM, Perca (Arte

at Milan and from Hubbs. Carl L. Naples, from the Rock -lrti' A check list of the fishes of the Great the Mississippi at Rock Island' Lakes and tributary waters, with nom- enclatorial notes and analytical keys' UniversitY of Michigan Museum of Zoology Miscellaneous Publications NOTI, 15. 78 PP., 4 Pls' Gill Ilubbs. Carl L. and Laura C. Hubbs Melanotaenia -1g;r' -E*perimental verification of natural M. nigrans Richardson hybridization between distinct genera Ausrnnr-raN RAINBow nrsH'-Three oi sunfishes. Papers of the Michigan of Science, Arts and Lct- were collected in i930 by AcademY specimens July ters 15(1931) 2427-37, NIr. Fred G. Orsinger of the John G' Chicago' Dr. Wilbur --i;;;-'ManualJordan, David Starr Shedd Aquarium, of the vertebrate animals of and Dr' Luce of the University of Illinois the northeastern United States inclu- Thompson of the h,ltNoIS SrATE NAT- sive of mari;re sPecies' 4+6 PP' uRAL HrsronY SurvnY. TheY were World Book ComPanY, Yonkers-on- Hudson, New York. taken in a minnow seine, near the edge of a sand bar in the Mississippi river, out Jordan.- David Starr' Barton Warren Ever- the Southern lllinois Penitentiary' -ann and Howard Walton Clark {rom Check list of the fishes and fishlike Shedd 1930 They were taken alive to the vertebrates of North and Middle Aquarium, where they were identified by America north of the northern boun- Di. Carl Hubbs of the UniversitY of dary of Venezuela and Colombia' of the United States It is supposed that they may 670 PP. RePort Michigan. Commissioner of Fisheries for the fish estab- have escaped {rom some tropical Fiscal Year 1928, Part 2. Document lishment in St. Louis, some 40 miles up- 1055. stream. Luce. Wilbur M. lgi3 A survey of the fishery of the Kaskas- kia river. L,r-rNots Nerurlr. Hrsronv SunvnY Bulr,rux 20 (2) :71-123' 12 BIBLIOGRAPHY figr. Fifty cents. Forbes, Stephen Alfred and Robert Earl Thompson.- David H. Richardson rsli Variation in fishes as a function of 1920 The fishes of Illinois. Natural His- distance. Transactions of the lllinois tory Survey of Illinois 3' cxxxvif 357 State Academy of Science 23(3)t276' pp., 76 figs., 68 Pls., 102 maPs in seP- 81. 2 figs. atate ttlrs. $+ plus postage on 6 lbs' Illrxors Srerr Naruner- Htsronv Sun- lg3+ A concept of species among fishes' State voY, Urbana. ifransactions of the Illinois Academy of Science 26(3):125. Greene. C. Willard Francis D. Hunt lg27 An ichthyological survey of Wiscon- Thompson, David H. and county' II-r'- sin. Papers of the Michigan Academy 1930 The fishes of Champaign Sunvrv Bur-- of Science, Arts and Lettets 7 (1926): rNoIs N,lruner- Hlsronv figs., 52 maPs' 299. r,rrrN 19(l) :5-101. 6 ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY BULLETIN XX:V

APPENDIX HYBRIDIZATION AND RACIAL DIFFERENTIATION AMONG ILLINOIS FISHES4 as ordinary species in A list of the difierent kinds of Illinois sunfishes listed Richardson (1920) have now fishes would be incomplete without men- Forbes & by cross- tion of the hybrids which result frorn been produced experimentally ing other native sunfishes. At the present crosses betrveen certain species' time almost all of the hybrid combinations of llYbrids Occurrence of the {ollowing six species of Illinois sun- groups of fishes and in Within certain fishes have been found in Illinois waters: hybrids occur in frequen- certain localities, ,4pomotis cyanellus, Allotis humilis, Xeno- ten' or as low as one cies as high as one in megalotis, Helioperca incisor' Eupomo- The greater num- tis in several thousand. tis gibbosus and Chaenobryttus gulosus' hybrids among these ber and variety of The recognition of hybrids among these rvith other groups of fishes, as compared sunfishes is facilitated by the striking and of the breed- animals, may be a reflection distinctive color patterns o{ these species, lvhereby the sperm ing habit of these fishes, certain characteristic features of both par- {ree in the water to be oithe male is set ents appearing in the hybrid as if the color carried over wide areas while still alive Hybrids be- an egg' It patterns were superimposed. and capable of fertilizing tween the pumpkinseed and the bluegill more that in ,".-, ,o-"*hat Probable show tu,o shapes of body as though they for species recogni- these fishes the devices were reciprocal hybrids analogous to the of kind," are not tion, or "consciousness mule and the hinny. so effective nor so rigidly fixed as among other animals. In this connection it may Other Common IlYbrids be mentioned that the groups of fishes It is now reasonably certain that many which commonly produce natural hybrids minnows, previously regarded as anoma- are kinds (minnows, sunfishes and dart- lous and unclassifiable, are in reality spe- in ers) which exhibit striking differences cies hybrids among various CyPrinidae' In the appearance of the two sexes' Those Illinois, hybrids of the common shiner, natural hybrids which have been studied Luxilus cornutus, with certain nest-build- in greatest detail are sterile, grow more ing minnows (as pointed out by Doctor .upidly than do the parent species, and Hubbs). are especially common, pre- show an excess of males' Two apparent surnablv because of the fact that Luxilus exceptions to the rule of sterility will be habitu;lly deposits its eggs in the nests of mentioned later. these other minnows. Hybrids within the to be Experimental Confirmation group of darters are also believed The bull of our knowledge of natural iather common. A feu' readily recognized and the Euro- hybrids among native fresh-water fishes hvbrids between goldfish found Illinois has been contributed in recent years by pean carp have been in have been Doctor Carl L. Hubbs. He has produced waters. Three or four catfishes appear to be certain hybrid combinations of sunfishes taken in Rock river which cat, Ictalurus in aquaria. Doctor Wilbur M' Luce dur- hybrids between the channel cat, Opladelus ing the last three seasons has developed a 'olfuaris,punctahts, and the flathead spawn in holes, method for stripping and fertilizing eggs both of which has not been {rom sunfishes and has been able to rear hollorv logs, etc. While it "mongrel" the hybrid young in aquaria' Two of the proved that the so-called buffalo, Ictiobus urus, is really a hybrid aBy Davitl H. ll'homPson. O'DONNELL: ANNOTATED LIST OF ILLINOIS FISHES

study of the segregates o{ this pair of species in Lake Senachwine suggests that the hybrids between these two species have rrot bred inter se but have back-crossed to the orange-spotted sunfish. Difference and Distance A few years ago while making a detailed study of the fishes of the small streams rvhich drain Champaign county, it was {ound that the fan-tailed darters, FiE. 3.-Raising Sunvrv hoop net along Catonotus flabellaris, of the streams drain- the 6ast bank of the Illinois river below ing into the Wabash had a consistentlv Havana. lower average number of spines in the dorsal fin than did those from streams between the other two native species, draining into the Mississippi. It was also there is a considerable body of circum- noticed that the orange-spotted sunfish, stantial evidence to indicate that such is tlllotis humilis, of the Sangamon river' the case. Some of the difficulties of identi- which drains to the rvest, had a consist- fication in the genus Carpiodes and in the ently steeper profile than did the same genus Moxostoma may be attributed to species in the Salt Fork, which drains to occasional hybridization within these the east. genera. A study of the average dorsal spine and Known Fertile IlYbrids ray numbers of the Johnny darter, Brtleo- In all of the above-named hYbrids, soma nigrum, collected from the various whether proved or presumptive, the evi- streams of Champaign county showed that dence indicates that they are in reality the difference betu'een the mean spine or "mules" and incapable of propagation. In ray numbers of any two populations in- Illinois we have found two apparent ex- creased with the water distance separating ceptions to this rule. One of these has to do with the intergradation of Cyprinella latrensis and Cyprinella whipplii in the region about the mouth of the Sangamon river near Chandlerville and Beardstown. At this point we not only find typical lutrensis and typical whipplii but also all possible combinations of the characteristics which are used to separate these two species. Intergradations of this sort have also been found between the orange-spotted sunfish and the pumpkinseed sunfish in t$,o localities Senachwine lake near I{enry and Crystal- lake in Urbana' It seems certain that some hybrids between these two species have been fertile. Seg- regation and recombination of the char- compartment of these two species have not Fig. 4.-Opening the tail acteristics of aSunvpv hoop net, showing a-catch of been found in other waters of the state black crappies, c-arp and other fishes from where they both occur. A rather detailed the Illinois river. ILLINO|S NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY BULLETTN xxrV

these populations. The Johnny darter is Boleosoma nigrum olmstedi, (found in well suited for such a study, since it is streams draining into the Atlantic from abundant, cosmopolitan in its range and Quebec to Maryland) it is found that this sedentary in habit. The sedentary habit difference is about tlvice as great as the is to be emphasized because it appears that average difference found between ooints measurable differences between the mean within the Mississippi system separated b1. spine or ray numbers of populations from 3,000 miles of water. different stream systems occur only among Similarll', the amount of difference the more sedentary kinds. When such {ound between Boleosoma nigrum and differences rvere sought among actively another closely related Illinois species, migrating kinds such as the suckers, they Vaillantia camura, is about tlvice as great rvere not found. In brief, we may con- as the difierence found between subspecies clude that some kinds of fishes move so of the Johnny darter. slowly that a measurable degree of evolu- Other tion takes place while they are traveling Taxonomic Differences Not only are from one stream to another. there consistent racial differences in the number of spines and rays Fin Phylogeny of the Johnny darter and other sedentary A later and still more detailed study of fishes, but we also find consistent differ- the Johnny darters from all parts of Illi- ences betlveen different stream systems in- nois, and using counts of the spines and volving other taxonomic characteristics rays of all of the fins, has substantiated which are commonly used by ichthyolo- the conclusion that the difference between gists to separate species, such as, for ex- the mean spine or ray numbers of tr,vo ample, number of scales in the lateral line, populations increases with increasing number of scales bearing pores, number of u'ater distance separating these popula- rorvs of scales, color pattern, degree of tions. This evidence indicates that these scalation of body, cheek, nape and breast, observed differences in average spine or the body contour and point of insertion of ray nu*b"rc result, for the most part, fins. Spine and ray numbers in the fins from hereditary differences, and not from have been used in these studies merely be- differences in the environment in which cause they seem to show nonadaptive va- the various populations developed. The riations, and because they may be easily difrerence betrveen the mean spine or ray and accurately treated in a quantitative numbers of any two populations is nearly manner. These considerations suggest proportional to the logarithm of water that the degree of difference between anv distance separating them. tr,vo fish populations forms a continuous series from It should be understood that water dis- the most insignificant racial differences up largest tance, as used here, implies rvater distance to the family differences. betr,veen different parts of the Mississippi Some of the evolutionary and genetic system where there have been no barriers aspects of these racial differences in fishes to the free molement of fishes until recent as related to the nature of fish species have years. When the spine and ray numbers been discussed in two short papers pub- of the Johnny darter are compared with iished in the Transactions of the Illinois the spine and ray numbers of other sub- State Academy of Science (Thompson species of the Johnny darter, such as 1931,193+). O'DONNELL: ANNOTATED LIST OF ILLINOIS FISHES

INDEX TO FAMILIES, GENERA AND SPECIES

The index refers only to the mention or placement of names in the classified list, pp. 475-91. Synonymy is in

A atromaculatus, Semotilus 480 bream 480 atronasus, Rhinichthys 480 breuice ps, Moxostonta 480 z{bramis crvsoleucas 180 auratus, Carassius 480 brindled stonecat 484 Acipenser iulvescens 47.5 aureolum, Moxostoma 479 brook lamprey 475 rubicundus 175 Australian rainbow lish 491 silverside 486 ACIPENSERIDAE 475 stickleback 486 afrnis, Gambusia 18 5 B trout, eastern 478 aibrs,' Parascaphirh ynchus 47.5 brown bullhead 484 allisltor sar 477 bairdii, Cottus 490 trout, German 478 AllStis humilis 487 banded darter 489 brown-sided darter 489 Alosa ohiensis 477 barred darter 489 bubalus, Ictiobus 478 alosoitles, Amphiodon 477 bass, calico 487 buccata, Ericymba 483 Hiodon 177 Kentucky 486 buffalo, big-mouth 478 alpenae, LeucichthYs 478 large-mouth black 486 highback 479 Aivordius evermanni 488 rock 487 mongrel 478 maculatus 488 sm;rll-mouth black 486 quillback 478 ouachitae 489 southern sma.ll-mouth razorback 479 ohoxocephalus 488 black 486 red-mouth 478 Ambloplites ruPestris 487 warmouth ll87 round 478 ambloos. HvboPsis 181 white 490 small-mouth 478 AMBLYOPSIDRE +S.S yellow 490 bullhead, black 484 AMEIURIDAE 483 big-eyed chub 481 brown 484 Ameiurus l,tcustris 18.J minnow 481 minnow 483 melas 484 big-mouth buffalo 478 speckled 484 natalis 484 big-nosed sunfish 486 yellow 484 nebulosus 484 big-toothed red horse 480 burbot 490 Amer-ican eel 478 biguttatus, Nocomis 481 Amia calva 477 t[llY gar +/ / c AMIIDAE,477 blaik bass, large-mouth 486 487 A mmotry Pta Pellutida 188 small-mouth 486 calico bass Amphiodon alosoides 477 southern small-mouth 486 calva, Amia 477 Anquilla bostoniensis 478 bullhead 484 Campostoma anomalum 483 ihrlslpa 478 crappie 487 camora, Vaillantia 488 488 rostrala 47 I horse 478 canturuln, Boleosoma anguilla, Ictalurus 483 lamprey, small 475 Etheostonta 189 ANGUlLLIDAF 478 sucker 479 camurus, Nothonotus 489 anisut um, Moxostoma 479 blackcheek top minnow 485 canadense, Cynoperca 490 annularis, Pomoxis 487 blackfin 478,482 gri se u m, S t iz os tedi o n 490 grisea, noPerca anogenus, Hybopsis 481 blackhead minnow 483 caiadensis Cy Notro Pis 481 black-nosed dace 480 490 anomalum, Campostomil 483 shiner 481 caprodes, Percina 488 APHREDODE,RIDAE 485 black-sided darter 488 Cirassius auratus 480 Aphredoderus saYanus 485 blennioides, Diples ion 488 carinatus, PlacopharYnx 480 Aolodinotus grunniens {90 Etheostoma 488 carp. blunt-nosed river 479 river 479 Apomotis cyinellus 486 blennius, Hybopsis 482 "'o--on euryorus 486 Notropis 481 European 480 ischyrus 486 blue cat 483 lake 479 svmrnetricus 486 herring 477 silver 479 .o6endix. Lethenteron 475 sunfish 487 carpio, Carpiodes 479 )isyrotorut arteli 178 blue-breasted darter 489 Cvprinus 480 carpio 479 d\,'4, gyro s o m u s 17 8 bluehsn 4/6 Carpiotles ^r{eLeucichthys 478 blueeill 487 cyprinus 479 asorella. Crvstallari I 488 bluelspotted sunfish 486 difformis 479 as'oro. H adr'oprertt s 18 8 blunt-nosed minnow 483 thompsoni 479 AtHi]RINIDAE 486 river carp 479 ueliJer 479 atherinoides, NotroPis 482 Boleichthl s JusiJormis 189 cat, blue 483 boneless 475 Atractosteus s Patula 177 Boleosoma camurum 488 tristoechus 477 nigrum 488 channel 483 rtri Des, Lythrurus 18 J boneless cat 47,5 eel 483 Noiopis unbrarilis 182 booos. Hvbopsis 481 {lathead 484 atrocaudalis, HyboPsis 482 bostoniensis,'Anguilla 478 Fulton 483 Notropis cayuga 482 bowtrn {l/ / mud 484 ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY BULLETIN XxrV

silver 483 cognatus 490 doughbelly 483 spoonbill 47.5 franklini 490 drum, fresh-water 490 tadpole 484 ictalops 490 duquesnei, Placopharynx 480 willow 483 ricei 490 dwarf long-eared sunfish 487 yellow 484 crappie, black 487 cataractae. Rhinichthvs 480 white 487 E 'catfish, noithern 483 creek chub 480 'of the lakes 483 Cristivomer namaycush 478 eastern brook trout 478 Catonotus fabellaris 489 crysoleucas, .4bramis 180 miller's thumb 490 CATOSTOMIDAE 478 Notemigonus 480 eel, American 478 Catostomus catostomus 479 Crystallaria asprella 488 cat 483 commersonii 479 cyanellus, Apomotis 486 fresh-water 478 nigricans 479 Lepomis 486 lamper 475 cave fish, spring 485 cyanocephalus, Lythrurus um- Elassoma zonatum 488 Cayuga shiner 481 bratilis 482 ELASSOMIDAE 488 ca! uga atrocaudalis, Notropis Cycleptus elongatus 478 elongatus, Cycleptus 478 182 Cylindrosteus platostomus 477 emiliae, Opsopoeodus 480 Hlbopsis 481 Cynoperca canadense 490 Ericosma evides 489 Notropis 481 canadensis grisea 490 Ericymba buccata 483 CENTRARCHIDAE 486 grisea 490 Erimystax dissimilis 481 Centrarchus macropterus 488 grisea 490 Erimyzon oblongus 179 cepedianum, Dorosoma 477 Cyprinella lutrensis 482 sucetta 479 Ceratichthys vigilax 483 whipplii 482 oblongus 479 Chaenobryttus gulosus 487 cyprinella, Ittiobus 478 Erinemus hyalinus 481 channel cat 483 Megastomatobus 478 storerianus 481 C hol ogas t er pa pi I lif eru s 48 5 CYPRINIDAE 480 Erosala whipplii 182 Chrosomus erythrogaster 480 CYPRINODONTIDAE 485 eryt-hrogasti., Chroso mus 480 chrysochlorus, Pomobolus 477 Cvprinus carpio 480 ESOCIDAE 484 Chrysoperca interrupta 490 .yp.inur, Caipiodes 479 Esox estor 485 chrysops, Lepibema 490 lucius 485 Rocca 190 D masquinongy 485 chry sypa,,4nguilla 178 vermiculatus i[84 chub 478 dace, black-nosed 480 estor, Esox 485 big-eyed 481 horned 480 Etheostoma blennioides 488 creek 480 long-nosed 480 camurum 489 flathead 481 red-bellied 480 coeruleum 489 greaser 483 darter, banded 489 fabellare 489 river 481 barred 489 iowae 489 silver 481 black-sided 488 jessiae 489 Storer's 481 blue-breasted 489 obeyense 489 sucker 479 brown-sided 489 squamiceps 489 cisco 478 fan-tailed 489 zonale 189 mooneye 478 fusiform 489 ETHEOSTOMIDAE 488 Claricola squamiceps 489 green-sided 488 Eucalia inconstans 486 Cliola uigilax 483 Eupomotis gibbosus 487 Johnny 488 clupeaformis, Coregonus 477 least 490 heros 487 CLUPEIDAE 477 mud 489 European carp 480 coeruleum, Etheostoma 489 rainbow 489 euryorus, Apomotis 486 coeruleus, Oli gocephalus 489 river 488 l,epomis 186 cognatus, Cottus 490 sand 488 evermanni, Alvordius 488 commersonii, Catostomus 479 sharp-nosed 488 Hadropterus 488 common lake herring 478 snub-nosed 488 evides, Ericosma 489 pike 485 deliciosus, Hybopsis 481 Hadroqterur 489 red horse 479 diaphanus menona, Fundulus exilis, Oligocephalus 489 river carp 479 485 Rabida 484 sculpin 490 Zlgonectes 485 Schilbeodes 184 shiner 482 difformis, Carpiodes 479 F,xtrarius hvostomus 480 sucker 479 Dionda nubila 483 whitefish 477 Diplesion blennioides 488 F concolor, Ichthyomyzon 475 dispar, Fundulus 185 COREGONIDAE 477 Zygonectes 485 fan-tailed darter 489 Coregonus clupeaformis 477 dissimilis, Erimystax 481 fathead 483 quadriluteralis 477 Hj,boVsis 181 fiddler 483 cornutus, Luxilus 482 doglish 477 fine-scaled sucker 479 Notropis 482 dolomieu, Micropterus 486 fish, Australian rainbow 491 COTTIDAE 490 Dorosoma cepedianum 477 mosqnito 485 Cottogaster s humardi 188 DOROSOMIDAE 477 spring cave 485 Cottus bairdii 490 dorsalis, Hybopsis 481 f abellare, Etheo.ttoma zl89 O'DONNELL: ANNOTATED LIST OF ILLINOIS FISHES

I fabellaris, Catonotus 489 Hadropterus asPro 188 eaermanni 488 flathead cat 484 lchth 1'omyzon concolor 475 chub 481 etides 489 ictalops, Cottus 190 favescens, Perca 490 ouachitae 189 anguilla 483 188 Ictalurus flavus, Noturus 484 PhoxocePhalus furcatus 483 488 scierus 489 punctatus 483 flier 480 Huro 486 Haeochila lacera bubalus 478 "fontinalis,floridana, Icfiobus Salvelinus 478 hammerhead 479 clprinella 478 Forbesella papillifera 485 Haustor lacustris 483 urus 478 Helioperca incisor 487 Cottus 490 i I us, Notro s 48 1 "freckledfranklini, 487 lecebros Pi stonecat 484 heros, Eupomotis lmostoma ihumardi 488 fresh-water drum 490 herrins, blue 477 incisor. HelioPerca 487 eel 478 ..-]non lake 478 inconsians. Eucalia 486 lake 478 Fulton cat 483 i nterrupta, ChrYsoPerca 490 fulvescens, AciPenser 475 toothed 477 Morone 490 HYboPsis 481 Fundulus diaPhanus lnenona heterodon, iowae. Etheostomn 189 481 485 NonoPis OliTocePhalus 489 HYboPsis 481 dispar 48 5 heterolepis, iridei, Tiutta 478 nolatus 485 hickory shad 477 irideus, Salmo 478 buffalo 479 furcatus, Ictalurus 483 highback ischyrus, APomotis 486 fusiform darter 489 Hiodon alosoides 477 Lepomis 486 fusiformis, Boleichtfu s 189 tergisus 477 AE 477 Hololepis 489 HIODONTID J hoe sucker 479 489 G HJlolepis fusiformis 490 480 i ack salmon horned dace 'ieiunus, NotroPis 482 GADIDAE 490 481 - - hornyhead 482 yairdnerii, Salmo 178 red 480 ParanotroPis horse, big-toothed iessiae, Et hios toma 48 9 Gambusia ffinis 485 black 478 - patruelis 485 Olieocephalus 489 common red 479 478 garr,athgator 4//- iohan-nae, Leucichth Ys short-headed red 480 darter 488 bllty +/ / hovi. LeucichthYs 478 Johnny lons-nosed 477 Hudionius hudsonius 482 K short-nosed 4 / / HYboPsis 482 486 hudsonius, GASTEROSTETDAE NotroPis 482 MarhvboPsis 480 kentuc kiensis, H1 boPs is 181 -eelidus,rclida. 487 Macihybopsis 480 humilis, Allotis Nocomis 481 487 German brown trout 478 Lepomis Kentucky bass 486 486 sibbosus, Eupomotis 487 Huro floridana killifish, Menona 485 iitberti, Hybopsis 481 salmoides 486 kivi. LeucichthYs 478 481_. hyalinus, Erinemus 481 P.inite ini i, Uranide a 190 . NotroPis gnzard snad 4/ / Hyboenathus nubila 483 goggle-eye 48.7, nuc-halis 483 L -qolden snao +/, Hybopsis ambloPs 181 shiner 480 anogenus 481 Labidesthes sicculus 486 eoldeve 477 atrocaudalis 482 lacera, Hagochila 480 eoldfish 480 blennius 482 lacustris,'4mei urus 18 3 souion 484 boops 481 Haustor 483 I."iilir, Platygobio 481 cayuga 181 Villarius 483 irass pike 484 deiiciosus 481 lake carP 479 It"v nik" 490 drsstmrlrs +61 herring 478 it.u.it chub 483 dorsalis 481 shiner 482 ;reat northern Pike 485 silberti 481 sturgeon 475 sreen sunfish 486 heterodon 481 trout 478 ireen-sided darter 488 heterolePis 481 lakes, catfish bf the 483 srrndle 4/ / hudsonius 482 lamper 475 lrisea,- Cynoperca 490 h,rostomils 480 475 canadensis 490 ientuckiensis 481 Lampetra".1 wilderi 475 Cynooerca 490 nux richardsoni 482 Iamprey 4/J e n s gri s'e um, S tizo s te d i on c an ad ohenacobius 481 brooK 4/ ) 190 shumardi 181 small black 475 srunniens, Aplodi notus 4a0 storerianus 48 1 landlocked salmon 478 iulosus, Chaenobrl ttus 487 volucellus 481 larse-mouth black bass 486 Perto s 48 5 notatus 483 "gyrinus,iuttotu t, Psi Hyborhynchus lawver 490 Schilbeodes 484 htostoma, Macrhl boPsis 480 least darter 490 Extrarius 480 Lepibema chrYsoPs 490 hiostomus,' H Hybo,sis 480' I-F]PISOSTEIDAE 477 479 Lepisosteus osseus 477 hackleback 475 Hypentelium nigricand ILLINOIS NATUFAL HISTORY SURVEY BULLETTN XX:V

platostonus 477 Zlgonertes diaphan u s 18 5 sucker 479 lrtsloechus +/ / Microperca punctu lata 490 notatus, Fundulus 185 Lepomis clanellus 186 micropogon, Nocomis 48 | Hyborhynchus 483 eurytorus 486 Micropterus dolornieu 486 Pimephales 483 humili: 487 pseudaplites 486 Zygonectes 485 ischyrus 486 salmoides 486 Notemigonus crysoleucas 480 megalotis 487 miller's thumb 490 1\othonotus camurus 489 peltastes 487 eastern 490 Notropis anogenus 481 miniatus 487 miniatus Lepomis 487 atherinoides 482 oallidus 487 Sclerotis 486 blennius 48I svmmetricus 486 minnow, big-eyed 481 caluga 48 1 Leitops olioaris 48'l blackcheek top 485 atrocaudali s .182 lesueurii, Moxostoma 480 blackhead 48J eornutus 48p Lethenteron aPPendix 475 blunt-nosed 483 gilberti 181 Lethogrammus sYmmetrlcus bullhead 483 heterodon ,18 I 486 Menona top 485 hudsonius zl82 Leucichthys alpenae 478' mud 484 i/lecebrosus zl81 artedi 478 silver-mouth 483 jejunus 482 lr2tia78..- silvery 483 lutrensis 182 lonannae + / d spot-tailed 482 phenacobius 48 1 kivi 478 steel-colored 482 photoeenis 482 nigripinnis 478 straw-colored 481 pilsbrli +sz reiehardi 478 sucker-mouth 483 rubrifrons 482 zen-ithicus 478 top 485 umbratilis atripes 182 limi, Umbra 484 viviparous top 485 whipplii 48p - line 490 Minytrema melinops 479 Noturus favus 484 little pickerel 484 mirabilis, Phenacobius 483 nubila, Dionda 483 loe perch 488 Missouri sucker 478 Hybognathus 48J 487 miurus, Rabida n loie-eared- sunfish 484 uchalis, Hybognathus 483 dwarf 487 Schilbeodes 484 nux richardsoni, Hybopsis 482 longjaw 478 mongrel buffalo 478 long-nosed dace 480 Miniana lutrensis 482 o gar 477 mooneye +t t, +t6 sturgeon 475 cisco 478 o bejt ens e, Elhe o s to ma 48 9 sucker 479 northern 477 Niaicola 489 Lota maculosa 490 Morone interrupta 490 obeyensis, Oligocephalus 489 lucius, Esox 485 MORONIDAE 490 oblongus, Erin2zon 179 lutrensis, Cyprinella 482 mosquito fish 485 tl,nmyzon sucetta 479 Moniana 482 Moxostoma anisurum 479 ohiensis, Alosa 477 Notropis 482 aureolum 479 Ohio shad 477 Luxilus cornutus 482 breilceps 480 old-fashioned sunfish 487 Lythrurus atripes 482 lesueurii 480 Oligocephalus coeruleus 489 unbratili: 482 mud cat 484 exilis 489 cyanocephalus 482 darter 489 iowae 489 minnow 484 jessiae 489 mudfish 484 obeyensis 489 M muskellunge 485 olivaris, Leptops 484 Opladelus 484 Macrhybopsis gelida 180 N omiscomaycus, Percopsis 485 gelidus 480 Opladelus olivaris 484 hlostoma 480 namaycush, Cristivomer 478 Opsopoeodus emiliae 480 macropterus, Centrarchus 488 Nanostoma zonale 489 orange-spotted sunfi sh 487 maculatus, Alvordius 488 natalis, Ameiurus 484 osseus, Lepisosteus 477 maculosa, Lota 490 nebuiosus, Ameiurus 484 ouachitae, Alvordius 489 mad Tom 484 nigrans, Melanotaenia 491 Hadropterus 489 masquinongy, Esox 485 nigricans, C ato sto m us zl7 9 megalotis, Lepomis 487 Hypentelium 479 peltastes, Leponis 487 nigripinnis,.Leucichthys 478 Xenotis 487 nigrum,nlgfum, BoleosomaSoleosoma 4884 paddlefish 475 Megastomatobus cyprinella nine-soinenine-spine sticklebacksticklebac. 486 pallidus, Leponis 487 478 Nidcita obelense '189 papillifera, Forbesella 485 melanops, Minytrema 479 Nocomis biguttatus 481 p a pi llif erus, C hol ogas ter 48 5 Melanotaenia nigrans 491 kentuckiensis 48 1 P aranotropis j ej unus 482 melas, Ameiurus 484 micropogon 481 Parascaphirhynchus albus 475 Menominee whitefish 477 nocturna, Rabida 484 patruelis, Gambusia 485 Menona killifish 485 nocturnus, Schilbeodes 484 pe lluc ida,,4 mmo cry pta 48 8 top minnow 485 northern catfish 483 pellucidus, Vigil 488 menona, Fundulus diaphanus mooneye +/ / peltastes, Lepomis megalotis 485 pike, great 485 487 O'DONNELL: ANNOTATED LIST OF ILLINOIS FISHES 499

Xenotis megalotis 487 miurus 484 shad 479 Perca favescens 490 nocturn a 484 gizzard 477 perch, log 488 rainbow darter 489 gorden 4/ / pirate 485 fish, Australian 491 hickory 477 red 487 trout 478 Ohio 477 ringed 490 razorback buffalo 479 sharp-nosed darter 488 trout 485 red horse, big-toothed 480 sheepshead 490 white 490 common 479 shiner, black-nosed 481 yellow 490 short-headed 480 Cayuga 481 PERCIDAE 490 perch 487 common 482 Percina caprodes 488 sucker 479 golden 480 PERCOPSIDAE 485 red-bellied dace 480 lake 482 Percopsis guttatus 485 redfin 482 pugnose 481 omiscomaycus 485 red-mouth buffalo 478 rosy-faced 482 PETROMYZONIDAE 475 reighardi, Leucichthys 478 silver 482 Phenacobius mirabilis 483 Rhinichthys atronasus 480 spotted 481 phe nacobius, Hybopsi s 48 1 cataract ae 480 short-headed red horse 480 Notropis 481 ricei, Cottus 490 short-nosed gar 477 photogenis, Notropis 482 richardsoni, Hybopsis nux 482 shovel-nosed sturgeon 475 phoxocephalus, Alvordius 488 ringed perch 490 shumardi, Cottogaster 488 Hadropterus 188 river carp, blunt-nosed 479 Hybopsis 481 pickerel 485 common 479 Imostoma 488 little 484 chub 481 sicculus, Labidesthes 486 pigmy sunfish 488 darter 488 silver carp 479 pike, common 485 roach 480 cat 483 grass 484 Roceus ehrysops 490 chub 481 gray 49O rock bass 487 shiner 482 great northern 485 sturgeon 475 silvereen 479 sand 490 rostrata,,4 ngui lla 47 I silver-mouth minnow 483 wall-eyed 490 rosy-faced shiner 482 silverside, b rook 486 pilsbryi, Notropis 482 round buffalo 478 siivery minnow 483 Pimephales notatur 483 sunfish 488 skipjack 477 promelas 483 whitefish 477 slender stonecat 484 pirate perch 48.5 rubieundus r,4cipenser 47 5 small black lamprey 475 Placopharynx carina tus 480 rubrifrons, Notropis 482 small-mouth black bass 486 duquesnei 480 rupestris, Ambloplites 487 southern 486 platorhynchus, Scaphirhyn- buffalo 478 chus 47.5 5 snub-nosed darter 488 platostomus, Cylindrosteus southern small-mouth black 477 salar sebago, Salmo 478 bass 486 Lepisosteus 477 Salmo gairdnerii 478 sparoides, Pomoxis 487 Platygobio gracilis 481 irideus 478 spathula, Polyodon 475 POECILIIDAE 485 salar sebago 478 spatula, A tractosteus 477 Polyodon spathula 475 salmoides, Huro 486 speckled bullhead 484 POLYODONTIDAE 47.5 Micropterus 486 jack trout 478 Pomobolus chrysochlorus 477 salmon, 490 spoonbill cat 475 Pomoxis annularis 487 landlocked 478 spot-tailed minnow 482 sparoides 487 Sebago 478 spotted shiner 481 promelas, Pimephales 483 SALMONIDAE 478 sucker 479 Prosopium quadrilaterale 477 Salvelinus fontinalis 478 spring cave fish 485 sand darter 488 pseudapl ites, Micropterus 486 squamiceps, Claricola 489 pugnose shiner 481 pike 490 sauger 490 Etheostoma 489 pumpkinseeti 487 steel-colored minnow 482 punctatus, Ictalurus 483 sayanus, Aphredoderus 485 Scaphirhynchus platorhynchus stickleback, brook 486 punctulata, Microperca 490 486 415 nine-spine Pungitius pungitius 486 Stizostedion canadense griseum Plgosteus pungitius 486 Schilbeodes exilis 484 gyrinus 48"1 490 vitreum 490 a miurus 184 nocturnus 484 stonecat 484 quadrilaterale, Prosopium 47 7 SCIAENIDAE 490 brindled 484 q uadri I aterali s, C oregon u s 17 7 sciera, Serraria 489 frec kled 484 quillback 479 scierus, Hadropterus 18Q slender 484 buffalo 478 Sclerotis miniatus 486 stoneroller 479,483 sculpin, common 490 storerianus, Erinemus 481 R Sebago salmon 478 Hlbopsis 481 sebago, Salmo salar 478 Storer's chub 481 rabbit-mouth sucker 480 Semotilus atromaculatus 480 straw-colored minnow 481 Rabida exilis 484 Serraria sciera 489 striped sucker 479 ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY BULLETTN XX:V sturgeon, lake 475 thumb, miller's 490 w long-nosed 475 eastern miller's 490 rocK + /.) Tom, mad 484 walleye 490 shovel-nosed 475 toothed hering 477 wall-eyed pike 490 white 475 top minnow 485 warmouth bass 487 sucetta, Erimlzon 479 blackcheek 485 whipplii, Cyprinella 482 oblongus, Erimyzon 479 Menona 485 Erogala 482 sucker, black 479 viviparous 485 Notropis 482 chub 479 topwater 485 white biss 490 common 479 tristoechus, Atractosteus 477 crappie 487 fine-scaled 479 Lepisosteus 477 perch 490 hog 479 trout, eastern brook 478 sturgeon 475 long-nosed 479 German brown 478 whitefish, common 477 Missouri 478 lake 478 Menominee 477 northern 479 perch 485 rclond,477 rabbit-mouth 480 rainbow 478 Superior 477 red 479 speckled 478 white-nosed sucker 479 spotted 479 Trutta iridea 478 wilderi, Lampetra 475 striped 479 trutta 478 willow cat 483 sweet 479 white-nosecl 479 U x sucker-mouth minnow 483 Umbra limi 484 sunfish, big-nosed 486 umbratilis atripes, Notropis Xenotis megalotis 487 blue 487 482 peltastes 487 blue-spotted 486 Cyanocephalus, Lythrurus dwarf long-eared 487 482 Y green 486 Llthrurus 482 long-eared 487 UMBRIDAE 484 yellow bass 490 old-fashioned 487 Uranidea kumleinii,l90 bullhead 484 orange-spotted 487 urus, Ictiobus 478 cat 484 pigmy 488 perch 490 round 488 V Superior whitefish 477 sweet sucker 479 Vaillantia camura 488 z zl7 symmetricus, Apomotis 186 oe lif er, C arpi ode s 9 Leponis 486 vermiculatus, Esox 484 zenithicus, Leucichthys 478 Lethogrammus 486 Vigil pellucidus 488 zonale, Etheostoma 489 Vigilax, Ceratichthys 483 Nanostoma 489 T Cliola 483 zonatum, Elassoma 488 Villarius lacustris 483 Zygonectes diaphanus n enona tadpole cat 484 vitreum, Stizostedion 490 485 tergisus, Hiodon 477 viviparous top minnow 485 dispar 485 thompsoni, Carpiodes 479 volucellus, Hybopsis 481 notatus 485