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ROOFING TILES THE LESSON OF JUTLAND

FLOORING TILES The day this editorial goes to press (31st But one factor emerges from the welter of May, 1939) marks the passing of twenty-three controversy that surrounds Jutland. At the conclusion of the action the British fleet still Prices and Particulars from the Company's and years since the naval engagement off Jutland between the British Grand Fleet and the German rode the high seas, and the German fleet had Distributors : scuttled for home. Again, on the shoulders of High Seas Fleet, an action which decided once those officers controlling the fight rested an SEWERAGE PIPES and for all that Britain was indeed Mistress of enormous responsibility. If the steel ring of Bullivant's Australian the Seas. battle craft cutting off Germany's supplies had been broken, and her High Seas Fleet had Co. Pty. Ltd. This battle has been fought over and over dispersed the British, control of the seas would again in a controversial manner. Comparisons have been lost to the Allies. With the loss of 331 KENT STREET of the actions of two British Admirals concerned, that control would have come the loss of the Jellicoe and Beatty, have been made. Argu- whole war. Therefore the point to be kept in SYDNEY WALKER, BENSON PTY. ments have been advanced for and against the mind by British commanders was:—"We must tactics employed. The question has often been keep the seas at all cost. And in spite of the LIMITED raised as to whether Britain actually won or high cost of the disproportionate losses in men lost the Battle of Jutland. It has been pointed and ships, the seas were kept. J. R. Reid & Sons MERRYLANDS ROAD out that British tonnage sunk in the action was 115,025 as against the German loss of 61,180 So, in spite of the apparent inequality of the 401-403 KENT STREET result, measured in terms of men and ships, MERRYLANDS tons. British casualties were 9,049 killed and 610 wounded. Germany's, 2,545 killed and 494 Britain, from technical and strategical stan- dards, decisively did win the Battle of Jutland. SYDNEY wounded. This alone indicates, say critics, that Britain actually did lose. Phonos : UW 9936 (2 Lines) (Continued overleaf)

Juno, 1939 1 "LESSON OF JUTLAND"—Cont'd. Nowadays there are many decriers of our U" - BOAT AND "Q"-SH\P Empire. People who demand to know why Britain does not take this or that line of action, aa indicated by the current trend of international Visit the Orient ... events. It were well for those critics if they By CAPTAIN M. B. R. BLACKWOOD, D.S.O., B.N. paused in their criticizing and pondered over the for Glamour, Romance, Charm lesson of Jutland. Britain's apparent losses in prestige, in trade, and in international standing are, on the surface at least, apparently great. I suppose that during the Great War the course, made it much more difficult for the So were the Jutland losses, but when all is said A-O Lino gives you tha last word in comfort and words "stunt" and "hush" were used as often as trap, and during the latter half of the war it and done, the British Empire is still the main- intarest on a holiday trip to the East. Monthly any in the English language. The soldiers were was a certainty that the trap had to be tor- stay of world peace. As with Jutland, surface sailings by the British Steamers "CHANGTE" end always doing "stunts," and after a time the pedoed before she could hope to get the enemy and initial losses do not count when the final sailors developed the "hush ship." "Hush ship," to the surface—in fact, the party didn't start TAIPING" provide excellent accommodation, for the Q-ship people till the submarine had won result is declared. both First end Second Class, and also Private "mystery ship," or "Q-ship," they all meant the same thing. They wc ,-e traps. the first round. The result of the fight therefore Remembering Jutland, let us have confidence Suites. See Australia's showground of marine life: depended on the individuality of the submarine the Barrier Reef and Thursday Island on the way commander. After torpedoing the apparently in what that final result will be. The Navy Traps of all shapes and sizes. They ranged to HONG KONG. CHINA JAPAN and the harmless merchant ship, would he come to the League maintains that the Empire is still great, from a 3000-ton steamer to a fishing smack, but, tnat it will continue and endure, holding its PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. surface, or would he just make off under water no matter how different they were in outside and leave his victim to her fate? It was one position at the head of the nations of the world. appearance, their duty was the same—and that And remembering Jutland, bear in mind that huge gamble, and the winner was the man who was to deceive the enemy. They were taken up didn't make a mistake. the greatest factor in retaining this position of by the Admiralty and fitted with hidden guns, supremacy, and the greatest force for peace is, depth charges, and, in 1917, even torpedoes. beyond shadow of doubt, the Royal Navy, and the navies of the Dominions. Let us now follow the career of a typical First Class Whatever we thought about the German THE EDITOR. Q-ship. The Admiralty, having selected a suit- sailors in the war, we were sure that they were able ship, she is sent to a naval dockyard to be Return Fare to Japan £90 neither blind nor fools—and, bearing this in converted. Her captain is appointed and told mind, it will be understood that the conversion Return Fare to Hong Kong £76 to select his officers and crew from the naval of these merchant ships into men-of-war had depot. In close touch with the dockyard officers, (NO EXCHANGE) to be carried out in a most thorough manner. he decides what guns the ship will stand, and Not only had the armament to be adequately • where they are to be put, the accommodation concealed, but provision had to be made for for the crew, and a thousand-and-one details that concealing the crew, which in many cases would are constantly cropping up. be three or four times the number the vessel would carry on her lawful occasions. Obtain full particulars, itinerary, etc. The fitting-out period comes to an end at last One ship I have in mind had a peace-time and the ship's company comes on board, and with from crew of 18 all told. Pressed into naval service, the least possible fuss the ship slips out of her complement jumped to 80—and all except harbour, everybody glad to be up and doing at 4 or 5 of these 80 had to be shut down below last. But, before the "doing" begins, there is during daylight hours. They had to be kept one little matter that has to be attended to, and Ship by Patrick Steamers ... A-O. LINE employed—"amused" is perhaps a better word— that is—drill. (Incorporated in Hong Kong) so that, if their ship had the luck to get into Ship by Patrick Steamers and bo sura of action, they would back up their captain to the tha moat careful handling of fragile cargo. Drill for day^—and nights. The ship's com- limit. Prom pi and lata dalivary h assured. Mark pany must be perfect, super-perfect, in fact— your orders "Ship par Patrick Steamer" G. S. YUILL & CO. PTY. LTD. So that, although it sounds easy enough to they must be ready for anything to happen. No and gat all tha advantages of Patrick disaster or combination of disasters must catch sorvica. (Managing Agents) stick a couple of guns into a steamer, there were a lot of problems which had to be over- them napping. The men who are to form the JAMES PATRICK & CO. come. supposed crew of the vessel must be taught to PTY. LTD. 6 Bridge Street, Sydney drop their navy smartness, as they have dis- As I have said, these ships were traps. But carded their naval uniforms, and generally to SCOTTISH HOUSE. BRIDGE STREET, SYDNEY sometimes a trap doesn't work, and in 1615, after behave as merchant seamen—a triumph of train- Talaphon* : IW4III (t lines) an unsuccessful engagement with a Q-ship, a ing over training. These are the men who form German submarine got home with the news that the "abandon ship party," or "panic party" as the English were using these traps. This, of it was called. The object of the "panic party," 2 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL June, 1939 3 I might mention, was to give the enemy the The ship commanded by our friend steams impression that the ship had been abandoned, along at the usual speed for a vessel of her AMERICA'S NEW NAVY when really the fighting complement remained type. On deck a couple of men loaf about in on board, ready to let fly when the time came. nondescript get-up. On the bridge the officer The guns' crews had to be drilled till they could of the watch and the helmsman only are visible. maintain the maximum rate of fire automatically. But if you could probe into her secrets you would be surprised to find that many pairs of A Survey of U.S. Warship Construction The routes the ship was to take had to be eyes are anxiously watching their own particular worked out, her very name and changes of it sector of the horizon. The men to whom the had to be decided on. It was no good picking eyes belong are concealed in coils of rope, ven- By WALTON L. ROBINSON any name out of the thousands on the shipping tilators, boats—anything that will hide a man. register. It had to be the name of a vessel she (An American Correspondent) resembled in build, and which the enemy sub- There is a large hawser reel on the forecastle marine commander might expect to meet in that —at least it looks like a hawser reel, but inside particular locality. The "panic party" had to be it a man is speaking down a voice-pipe. A funny mendous effort which America is at last making taught this fictitious name and primed with place to find a voice-pipe. The determination of the United States to to acquire an adequate navy. details concerning the cargo, the captain's name, keep pace with the current international re- "I can see something green 20," he says. last port of call, etc., in case they were examined armament competition at sea is evidenced by Battleships the vast amount of naval tonnage now under by the submarine commander. Nothing must be That is, two points on the starboard bow. The At the present time the U.S. Navy possesses construction or soon to be laid down in American left to chance. officer of the watch swings his glasses on to this fifteen battleships .of a total displacement of shipyards. At the present time no fewer than 464,300 tons. One of these ships, however, be- At last the captain thinks that his crew is bearing and, after a good look, says to the helmsman, "Sound the alarm." sixty-three combatant vessels of some 365,000 came over-age this year, while by 1942 six others as perfect as he can make it—so in the dead tons are either building or provided for, while will have reached the age-limit. To replace these of night the ship slips away to sea. The helmsman presses a button on the wheel- eighty-seven additional warships, representing seven battleships, the necessary funds have been One writer on naval subjects states that house bulkhead and a subdued buzzing is heard over 330,000 tons, are authorised and will be voted within the past several years for six new "Probably no phase of naval warfare is so excit- all over the ship. But nothing happens—out- commenced within the next several years. capital ships. The first two, the "North Carolina" ing as that of the Q-boat" He may be right, wardly, that is. After an order like that, one and "Washington," were provided for by the but what of the weeks and months of patrolling would expect to see some excitement displayed Save for three cruisers—the "Wichita," "St. Naval Appropriation Act for 1937 and were laid down October 27, 1937, and June 14, 1938, re- the seas without even a glimpse of the enemy? by the crew. Men coming on desk and what not. Louis," and "Helena"—all American warships at But there isn't. Not a trace of a change in the spectively. They are due to enter service late Luck—it was all luck. The luck that took the present under construction or appropriated for Q-ship into an area where a submarine was outward appearance of this ship—except that in 1941. The remaining four ships, the were authorised by the Vinson-Trammel Act, working, or the luck that kept her clear of it. the officer of the watch on the bridge is joined "Alabama," "South Dakota." "Indiana," and by an individual as nondescript as himself. passed in 1934 by the Seventy-third Congress. "Massachusetts," were appropriated for by the I know of one Q-ship which steamed up and This Act authorised the construction and re- Acts for 1938 and 1939 and will be commenced down the Mediterranean for nearly two years "No mistake this time, Sir," says the first. placement of vessels within the limits established within a few months for completion in 1942-43. without even sighting a periscope. It's a hard by the Washington and London treaties. Some These six battleships will displace 35,000 tone job for the officers and men to maintain their "Right you are, No. 1. I'll take her. Good 63,000 tons—thirty-two destroyers and nine sub- each and give promise of being the most heavily keenness and efficiency under such circumstances, luck," answers the newcomer. marines—have still to be appropriated for and armed and stoutly protected in the world. Their but these must be maintained if the Q-ship laid down under the provisions of this Act. The designed speed of twenty-eight knots compares contest is going to come out on top in the trial The first speaker loafs aft and vanishes into remaining authorised tonnage belongs to the rather poorly, however, with that of foreign of wits which a meeting with the enemy involves. battleships now building. the poop. The other walks to a voice-pipe hidden 1938 Naval Expansion Act, which sanctions an behind the weather cloth, and listens. A muffled approximate twenty per cent, increase over and Well, we shan't inflict the fate of my Mediter- voice up the pipe—"Four-inch gun ready, Sir." (Continued on page 17) ranean friend on the Q-ship whose fortunes we Then—"12-pounders ready, Sir." above the strength established by the Vinson- are following. Let us suppose that after a week Trammel Act The Expansion Act calls specifi- or two's cruising with no luck, her captain, who How often has he rehearsed all this. Now cally for the construction of three battleships, has been following the enemy submarine reports he'll see how his ship's company will respond to two aircraft carriers, nine cruisers, twenty-three received by wireless, thinks he has a chance of his training. destroyers, and nine submarines. locating a U-boat and so steers a course that he hopes will bring about the desired meeting. On board the enemy submarine the captain The trap is set, baited with an innocent looking has been warned that the British are using decoy Perhaps the best method of reviewing steamer. vessels, and he decides to attack with a torpedo America's present naval construction and future so as to be on the safe side. He dives and pro- building plans is to consider separately each We'll let our man win this time, but our man ceeds to attack. The anxious watchers on board combatant warship type and ascertain the exist- didn't win on many occasions. Often the only the Q-ship note this, and the warning goes down ing situation with regard to ships under con- record left that he had even existed was a patch the voice-pipes to all guns—"Enemy has dived." struction, provided for, and authorised. Only of oil on the water, and perhape a couple of in this manner may a comprehensive and yet floating bodice. (Continued on page 15) completely accurate idea be gained of the tre- 14 4 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL August,. 1939 DON'T PUT IT IN WRITING

THE BOATSWAIN, THE MATE, AND THE KICKINGS

H.M.S. "Incredible," in 15th August. Sir, Captain's Secretary is in error quoting K.R. I have the honour to submit that I may be 2977, which deals with precautions to be taken granted extra pay as follows. to prevent undue evaporation of rum. Correct On arrival at the Summer Training Camp, I article is 3977. Propose to forward Mr. Sea- was sent for by the Commander and informed weed's application. me that me being a Boatswain was in command Chas. Marrowfat, of transport, and that this being so horses 6 in Paymr. Comdr. 16/8. No. and mules 1 in No. was on my slop chit. Now, what I feels sir is this. I am perfectly pleased to do whatever is required of me as per regulations, but I wish to respectfully draw attention to the fact that I am a Boatswain, From—The Commanding Officer, and that that being the case the circumstances H.M.S. "Incredible." is such as to justify payment of allowance under No. 92. Date, 17th August. K.R. 2927, para. 2, for extraneous duties. To—Rear-Admiral, Battle Squadron. I'm not complaining, but it might interest you, Sir, to know that I sustained considerable in- Submitted. juries from the mule, not mentioning the horses With reference to K.R. 3977, authority is re- who was enough trouble as it was. quested to credit Mr. Seaweed, Boatswain, with I have the honour to be, Command Pay at a special rate of 4d. per day for Sir, the period lst-14th August, when he was in com- Your obedient Servant, mand of the transport column of the detachment Wilberforce Seaweed, landed for training at the Summer Camp in Boatswain, Royal Navy. accordance with your Memorandum B.S. 9 of 23rd July. 2. The duties were of an arduous and unusual CAPTAIN'S OFFICE, "INTOLERABLE." nature, accompanied by an element of personal MINUTE SHEET. risk, and Mr. Seaweed carried them out to my entire satisfaction. Comdr. C. Dogge, Paymr. Comdr. Captain.

For remarks please. Mr. Seaweed Incorrectly n quotes K.R. 2927, which refers to the reporting B.S. 54. of High Tide in Scottish Waters. Suppose he "Incredible." means K.R. 2977. It is presumed that reference to K.R. 3987 n was intended. K.R. 3977 would appear to refer to the disposal of surplus bollards on Icelandic He was in charge of the horses. If a Boat- fishery patrol. swain on board is In charge of boats, then ashore he's transport officer. But let him get extra pay 2. This should be confirmed. if he can. The mule did kick him once or twice. G. B. Shore, U. Scrubb-Downe, Rear-Admiral. Commander. 15/8. 23rd August.

June, 1939 1 m With reference to your submission No. 237/34 No. 92. of 12th September, I am directed by Their Lord- R.A. B.S. ships to refer you to the provisions of A.L P.M. JUTLAND! 2936/67, of 23rd July, 1868, whereby it was laid Submitted this is confirmed and error re- down that transport trains are to be considered By E. COU8ENS gretted. as store articles. The question of the payment C. Dogge, of Command Pay does not therefore arise. The 31st of May, 1916, will always be honoured Jones, was badly wounded. But he would not 24th August. Captain. I am further to request that the items com- throughout the British Empire, for on that leave his post. So, with only a few heroic posing the transport train may be mustered and historic day was fought the Battle of Jutland. working the last gun, and her dauntless GapUin IV surveyed, and that in the event of loss or damage It must have been a thrilling sight to see the giving orders from his wrecked bridge, the White B.S. 54. having been sustained, to direct that the neces- flagship, H.M.S. "Lion," with Vice-Admiral Sir Ensign streaming defiantly before the enemy, e-ia-C. S.F. sary sum may be recovered from the ofiicer David Beatty aboard, leading the First Battle H.M.S. "Shark" fought until the end. Submitted. responsible. Cruiser Squadron into the fight in the same Payment would not appear justified in tha fearless fashion as did "Victory" with Lord At last the British battleships, led by Admiral circumstances disclosed, but the request is sub- BY COMMAND OF THEIR LORDSHIPS. Nelson at Trafalgar. Jellicoe, arrived on the scene, and the German fleet decided that it was time to head for home, mitted for decision as a special case. H. Westweald. Shortly after the commencement of the en- leaving the Grand Fleet in charge of the North G. B. Shore, gagement, the Germans concentrated their guns Sea. Rear-Admiral. on the "Lion" and her sister ships. Beatty signalled for the Third Squadron, commanded Those heroes who made the supreme sacrifice so that Britain and her allies could continue to From—Commanding Officer, by Rear-Admiral Horace Hood, to come up and From—Commander-in-Chief, Southern Fleet. take station in the battle line. Seeing that exist, gave us an object lesson of honour, cour- H.M.S. "Incredible." age, unselfishness and work truly done. No. SF 273/34. Date, 12th September. Vice-Admiral Beatty's flagship was in great No. 92. Date, 4th January. danger of being sunk, the courageous Rear- To—Secretary of the Admiralty. It is the duty of the present and future'genera- Admiral, forgetting danger, placed H.M.S. "In- tions to see that the tradition of Jutland Will To—Rear-Admiral, Battle Squadron. The attached request is submitted for Their vincible" in front of the "Lion" and bore the always be upheld throughout the Empire. Lordships' favourable consideration. brunt of the fight. But, unfortunately, an enemy Submitted. 2. I am strongly of the opinion that payment shell tore a great hole in her below the water Sbpuid be sdewed, _ .. . With reference to A.L. C.W. 7725/37 on 21st line, and within a few minutes this battle cruiser, David Jones, December, Dockyard Officers reported that on with the White Ensign flying still, disappeared, Admiral. survey the hoof of the mule was found to have and with her, gallant Rear-Admiral Hood, BIRT ft COMPANY been slightly damaged. The cost of repairs was officers, and men who gave their lives for King estimated to be one shilling and fivepence. and Empire. Although Hood died, his name [PTY.] LIMITED "Incredible," still lives, perpetuated in the battleship H.M.S. 1st October. 2. This sum will be recovered from Mr. Sea- "Hood." 4 BRIDGE STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W. Sr. weed, Boatswain, the officer responsible. P.O. BOX 544 B.. G.P.O. Has my extra pay come through yet, please 7 On came the battle cruisers, tearing through C. Dogge, the water like live things. Every few minutes Also at Wilberforce Seaweed, Captain. 64 EAGLE STREET. BRISBANE Boatswain, Royal Navy. their guns sent great shells hurtling through the air to find, thanks to accurate British gunnery, MUSGRAVE COLD STORES, MUSGRAVE the enemy's ships. A little later on the light WHARF, SOUTH BRISBANE. —"Navy.' cruisers joined in the fight. After playing a "Incredible," prominent part, Admiral Sir Robert Arbuthnot Skipping and General Agents 18th November. and his men of H.M.S. "Defence" went from Sir, Ag.nts in Australia for: What about my extra pay, please? war to peace on that memorable day. F*d»al-fcanch Service Federal Steam Navigation Co. Ltd., I onden Wilberforce Seaweed, BEMKMBEK OUR ADVERTISERS I The destroyers played a noble part in the Til. N.w Zealand Shipping Co. Ltd., London Boatswain, Royal Havy. action, the daring little sea hornets stinging the American and Australian Ltd., New York We ask you to keep in mind the Arms German ships every time they came within range. Osaka Syosen Kaitya advertising their products In the Journal. Swedish Aatttalia Line These are the people whose co-operation There is one destroyer that must hot be for- Swedish-Pacific Australia Direct Lin. 21st December. has made the production of your magazine gotten—HM.S. "Shark." At dusk, this plucky Australind Si. Ce. Ltd., Louden In reply, please quote: , possible, and you will do both the Journal little craft, which had been doing splendid work, Montreal Australia New Zealand Line Ltd. C.W. 7725/37. and the Navy League a service by consult- Pacific Islands Transport Una ing them for your various requirements. was suddenly attacked by a German battleship, Commander-in-Chief, Southern Fleet, And, in doing so, please mention— which trained every available gun on her. Cargo -nd Passenger Services to United Kingdom, Conti- Rear-Admiral, Battle Squadron, "Shark" held her own until a salvo was fired at nental, U.S.A.. Pacific and Eastern Ports. Frill particulars Commanding "THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL" her. When the smoke cleared there was only furnished on application. H.M.S. "Incredible." one gun left intact, and her Commauder, Captain

8 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL July, 1939 SEA CADET NOTES WOOLWICH DIVISION The Corps turned out a guard of honour, comprised of ratings from North Sydney and By H. O. C. FARR, Chief Officer (Acting) Manly Divisions, N.L.S.C.C., and paraded at the Woolwich Division, N.L.S.C.C., is carrying on wharf entrance, marching along the jetty, and with the good work. We were indeed unfortu- taking post at the ship's side. The guard of nate to lose the services of Mr. Tottman, late honour was in the capable charge of Mr. Mort, Officer in Charge, whose work on behalf of the Senior Training Officer, N.L.S.C.C., assisted by Division has been as untiring as it was unselfish. Mr. Grant, Chief Officer, Manly Division, and Mr. Hilton Collison, late Second Officer of the Mr. Turley, Second Officer, North Sydney Divi- Division, has stepped into Mr. Tottman's place. sion He will certainly find his old O. in C.'s example Without fear of contradiction, it may be stated a hard target to shoot at, but being trained from that this guard was the best the League has a lad in the N.L.S.C.C., we have no doubt that ever turned out, and was the cause of comment, he will come out on top. At this stage it is in bordering on the enthusiastic, from many people order for us to extend our congratulations to who witnessed it. Rear-Admiral Stevenson him- Mr. Collison on his being awarded the Navy self was more than pleased at the honour paid League's Long Service and Good Conduct Medal. him by the Corps, and a letter from him re- On Saturday, 27th May, Mr. Mort, Senior ceived at Headquarters seems to indicate his Training Officer from Headquarter's Staff, visited appreciation. Here is the letter:— the depqt- It is hopod that by the time he makes his next visit all hands will be in uniform, and "The Secretary, the general ef&Qiency of the Division increased "The Navy League, N.S.W. Branch. thereby. "Dear Sir, Instead of the usual cups, purchased by trophy "Will you please convey to the Officers, Petty- orders, the Division put to good use the prize Officers, and Cadets of the guard of honour, my money won in the Anniversary Regatta, 1939, grateful thanks and appreciation for the fine by purchasing training gear,- etc., for the depot. send-off they gave to the President of the Navy So now a handsome barometer and a thermo- League (N.S.W.). meter grace our walls, and a brand new bell "I was greatly impressed by their smart sounds off the hours of the watch as a result of appearance and bearing, and am sure they will Woolwich's aquatic powers. With the scientific compare more than favourably with any detach- instruments mentioned above, our log should ments I may see on the other side. certainly look more impressing, and ratings should be spurred on to a greater interest in "With all good wishes for the continued pro- things nautical by the sight of these useful sperity of the Navy League, and the Sea Cadet adjuncts to our depot. Corps, "Yours faithfully, The Division's strength is gradually increas- "J. B. STEVENSON, ing, and great hope is felt that our numbers "President, Navy League (N.S.W.)." will reach the 40 mark in the next two months. Woolwich, like the well-known English gentle- Praise from a Naval Officer of Rear-Admiral man, is therefore "Still Going Strong." Stevenson's high standing is praise indeed! Whilst in England, Rear-Admiral Stevenson will take the opportunity of visiting Navy League Block by courtesy "S.M. Herald." Navy LMfue Sea Cadet Guard of Honour to Bmt- THE FINAL STAGE . . . Admlral Stevenson, CJIG. Headquarters, and of getting in touch with various units of the Navy League, and its Sea II.M.A.S. "Parramatta," escort vessel, was launched on loth June. OUR PRESIDENT GOES ABROAD Cadet Corps, throughout the United Kingdom. Of 1,400 tons displacement, she is armed with three 4-inch guns, four The Corps wishes Rear-Admiral Stevenson 3-pounders and a number of anti-aircraft guns. She will carry 110 The President of the New South Wales Branch and his family a pleasant voyage, and a happy of the Navy League, Rear-Admiral J. B. Steven- officers and men. The photo shows "Parramatta" five days before her and profitable sojourn in the Old Country, ' launching. son, C.M.G., accompanied by Mrs. and Miss together with a speedy return to Australia. Stevenson, left by the R.M.S. "Ormonde" for England on May 20th. (Continued overleaf)

H> THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNA1 lune, 1939 11 MANLY DIVISION MERITORIOUS SERVICE f It is with pleasure that Headquarters JOIN THE MVI LEAGUE ^ announces a decision of the Executive TERMS OF MEMBERSHIP : By G. H. SMITH, O. in C. t Committee of the New South Wales Fellow, <1/1/-; Member, 10/6 per annum, with Journal port free. Branch of the Navy League to award Member, «/- pa* annum, without Journal. ' the League's Long Service and Good Manly continues to show progress. On the 1 night of 17th May, a squad from the Division Conduct Medal to Mr. Hilton Collison, SUBSCRIPTION FORM gave a signalling display at the monthly meet- ' Officer in Charge, Woolwich Division, ing and concert of the Shiplovers' Society, which i Navy League Sea Cadet Corps. Date 198 , Good work, Mr. Collison! was held at the Rawson Institute for Seamen, Please enrol my name as a of the Sydney. From reports received from onlookers, the display was a great success, and several NAVY LEAGUE, N.S.W. Branch, for which I enclose comments were passed, congratulating the value £ : s. d. Cadets on their general smartness and efficiency. APPOINTMENTS, PROMOTIONS AND Unfortunately we have to report a few set Name backs in the building of our new boatshed. This TRANSFERS is very upsetting to all concerned, but we hope Address. to make a start With the building in the very APPOINTMENTS near future. Mr. D. J. Mort, Senior Training Officer, The new routine drawn up and issued by the Headquarters' Staff is being put into operation N.L.S.C.C., attached to Headquarters. For further information as to enrolling as a member of the League, pleaae at Manly, and should prove very beneficial to Mr. H. O. C. Farr, General Officer Assisting, communicate with the Secretary, Navy League, Royal Exchange, Pitt Street, all hands. Undoubtedly it will take some time attached to Headquarters. Sydney. 'Phone: B 7808. to master the routine—which is by no means These Officers carry the rank of Officer in easy—and it Will be a few weeks yet before Charge and Chief Officer respectively. everything is tunning smoothly. However, there is no doubt that once it is tthder way properly it PROMOTIONS The Division attended Church Parade on should increase the unit's efficiency to no small Mothers' Day, 14th May, at St. Augustine's, degree. Mr. Hilton Collison from Second Officer, Neutral Bay. The parade was inspected by Woolwich Division, to Officer in Charge, Commsnder Spain, of the Navy League Execu- In this issue of the Journal we welcome Mr. Woolwich Division. tive, who congratulated those present on their R. Grant, our new Chief Officer, who has had attendance and appearance. The Rector, Rev. considerable service with the Navy League, at TRANSFERS Mr. Kenderdine, gave an excellent service, and both the old and the new "Fairlight" depots, and we hope to attend St. Augustine's again in the cs Second Officer at North Sydney Division, Mr. R. Grant from Second Officer, "Victory" future. from which he recently transferred to Manly. Training Depot, to Chief Officer, Manly Divi- sion. A new Offieer has been added to our strength The Younger Set of the Manly Navy League Mr. H. O. C. Farr from Headquarters' Staff on to take the vaeancy made by the transfer of Sub-Branch Committee organised a party for Mr. Grant to Manly Division. Mr. Appleton, who the Cadets at the home of Mrs. Walsh am last loan to Woolwich Division as Acting Chief Officer. is an engineer, will take over the Mechanicians' week, and a very enjoyable evening was spent. Course from Mr. Chamberlain, who has his hands full with the records side of the Depot. In TWO SIZES: SMALL AND 1602. TINS On 20th May the Seiiior Training Officer, N.LS.C.C., visited the depot and gave a very Easy to Apply We are working every week-end, making comprehensive lecture on the new routine and Economical Brilliant in Results alterations to the Depot, but hope to have every- Its application. His report to Headquarters on thing shipshape early next month. the state of the Division was (it is whispered) "VICTORY" TRAINING DEPOT couched in quite complimentary terms. Aa the A cup is being presented to the Division for MATTHEWS, THOMPSON & S.T.O. is a devotee of EFFICIENCY (spelt is By L. R. V. SMITH, O. in C. inter-divisional competition. In consequence, capitals) we can, if our whisperer be accurate, there should be some keen study carried out to CO. LTD. throw our cheata out a little, and report ih con- The strength at "V.T.D." is improving gradu- gain the honour of being first to hold the trophy. Sydney — Newcastle — Dubbo — Parka* clusion— ally; we are getting a steady flow of new recruits Manufacturers of "SOLD CROWN" "VERY WELL ON THE MANLY SIDE OF each parade—rather a record for this time of Again we can report—ALL WELL AT Lino. Polish THE HARBOUR." the year. "V.T.D." 14 13 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL August,. 1939 pletion of her trials recently. The "Benham" NAVAL MOTES from OTHER LANDS and 17 sister ships are equipped with high pres- sure boilers, with a considerable degree of super- YOU CAN BE ASSURED OF A GOOD heat It is suggested in the American Press DRINK by visiting that the high temperatures involved have had a Czechoslovakia Netherlands detrimental effect on the turbine blading. Prob- ably modifications will require to be made in the What will become of the Czechoslovak Navy? Contracts have been definitely placed for the machinery of all the destroyers concerned. AARON'S EXCHANGE Probably it will share the fate of that other river two new cruisers of 8,350 tons which are to It is reported that the new aircraft carrier force, the former Austrian Navy, and be incor- replace the "Java" and "Sumatra" of 6,670 tons, "Hornet," to be laid down shortly, will have HOTEL porated in the German flotillas. It includes laid down in 1916. One of the new ships will b^, machinery of the same type as the "Yorktown" built by the Wilton-Fijenoord yard at Rotter- one 200-ton turbine-driven gunboat, the "Presi- and "Enterprise," instead of being given installa- 1 GRESHAM STREET dent Masaryk," with a speed of over 16 knots dam, the other by the Rotterdam Dry Dock tions of a new design, with higher pressures and and a main armament of four 3-inch high angle Company. Boilers and machinery for both will temperatures. SYDNEY guns; 16 Diesel-driven minelayers of 240 tons, be supplied by the Schelde Company, Flushing. The river gunboat "Monocacy," which has mounting two 3.5-inch howitzers and four 3-inch • served on the Yangtse for nearly a quarter of a guns; and nearly 30 patrol boats of from 7 to 48 Poland century, has been scuttled after all her equip- tons, besides several tugs. Two submarines have been ordered from the ment and fittings had been removed. Apparently she had reached the stage when further refit Only the best brands of Wines and Spirits Chantiers et Ateliers Augustin Normand, Le Stocked Egypt Havre. They will be engined with Sutzer Diesels would have been money wasted. of 5,400 B.H.P. The services of Captain G. T. Philip, D.S.C., Dining Room Unsurpassed R.N., have been lent to the Egyptian Government Yugoslavia as Naval Adviser in connection with the pro- Spain i The oil tanker "Perun" was launched for the gramme of expansion which was recently Royal Yugoslav Navy by the John Cockerill approved. The Republican Fleet has ceased to exist. The Company, Antwerp, last month. She is a 10-knot cruisers "Libertad," "Miguel de Cervantes" and motorship, with a gross tonnage of 3,000. K. F. WOOLDRIDGE, Manager France "Mendez Nunez," together with the destroyers "Ulloa," "Jorge Juan," "Escano," "Almirante Progress is being made with the oil tinkers of Miranda," "Almirante Antequera," "Almirante the 1938 programme. The "Sanone" and "Seine" Valdes," "Gravina," and "Lepanto," arrived at have been begun by the Ateliers et Chantiers de Bizerta last month in a very dirty and neglected Prance, at Dunkerque, and the "Charente" and condition. After the crews had landed, the "Mayenne" by the Chantiers de la Seine Mari- breech-blocks were removed from the guns and "U" BOAT & "Q" SHIP—Cont'd. time (Worms et Cie.), Le Trait. Orders have the vessels were berthed in the inner harbour. been placed for four destroyers of the 1938 pro- His glasses glued to his eyes, the other chief W. DYSON & SON The old battleship, "Jaime Primero," last re- actor in this drama watches the sea on the gramme. Three 630-ton minesweepers, the ported to be lying in a wrecked condition at "Commandant Bory," "Commandant Delage" starboard beam. There it is! A feather of Cartagena, has proceeded to Oran; and sub- foam on the surface—a periscope. apd "Commandant Riviere," have been launched; marine "C2" has surrendered to the Nationalist Ironfoundtr* and a new sailing tender has been laid down to forces at Palma, Majorca. This leaves, un- He walks to the voice-pipe: "Stand by to be replace the "Zelee." Otherwise there is little accounted for, the destroyers "Sanchez Barcaiz- torpedoed!" fresh news of the French Navy. tegui," "Alcala Galiano," "Churruca," "Alsedo" I expect the guns' crews and the men in the Soft Iron Castings and "Lazaga." Probably they are still at Carta- engine room look at each other apprehensively, • Greece gena. It has been stated that several destroyers and wonder who is going to be killed in the were seriously damaged during recent air attacks next couple of minutes. Two motor torpedo boats have been ordered on that port. from Messrs. Vosper, Ltd., of Portsmouth. Crash! the torpedo has hit square amidships, Though no particulars have been released, it is and that is the end of the firuc round. 'Phone: MA 3914 surmised that they will be similar to the British Turkey No sign of the submarine. After a little the • "M.T3. 102," which attained a speed of 43.7 An order has been placed with Messrs. Vickers- periscope appears again, and a careful inspection kfiots fully loaded. Armstrongs, Ltd., for four submarines, which of the ship is made. The crew have left her— f.re presumably part of the 1938 programme. the boats' falls swing from the empty davits. Japan No sign of life about her. But the submarine Two more destroyers of the big new 2,000-ton U.S.A. captain isn't satisfied. Still submerged he steams 267 SUSSEX STREET type, the "Hatukaze" and "Natusio," have been round the ship, the eye of the periscope search- Munched. The submarine "163," of 1,635 tons, Delivery of 18 new destroyers of the 1935 and ing for some sign that his victim is what she SYDNEY Which was sunk by collison in Bungo Channel 1936 programmes is being delayed as a result of makes herself out to be. oh February 3, has been abandoned as a total defects disclosed in the turbines of the U.S.S. loss. "Benham," when these were inspected after com- (Continued overleaf) 14 14 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL August,. 1939 "U" BOAT & "Q" SHIP—Cont'd. After a certain period of monotonous cruising, place up to the recently established 45,000-ton our submarine received the alarm signal by tele- limit will depend largely on what Japan is doing. THE STAFF OF LIFE . . . Satisfied at last, he comes to the surface. A* phone. Slipping her tow, she rose to periscope If the Navy Department is convinced that Nippon he steps out of his conning tower he hears a depth, her captain being delighted at seeing Fritz is actually building battleships of over 35,000 i* a crash, and has just time, before a 4-inch shell a few hundred yards off on the surface, engaged tons, then the displacement of these new Ameri- at his comparatively safe sport of sinking un- finishes him, to note that the side plating of can ships will assuredly be in the neighbourhood armed ships. the poop, which he inspected so carefully, has of 45,000 tons, in which case an armament of STURDIER STAFF twelve 16-inch guns would be quite feasible. dropped, and on it is painted a large white A careful stalk, and that was the end of Fritz. if spread with ensign. Here is another trick we played on the enemy. Aircraft Carriers But it wasn't always like that. I was In a North Coast port, in charge of the auxiliary patrol, when I was surprised to receive Only one aircraft carrier is under construction NORCO BUTTER One fine summer's day in the Mediterranean a telephone message from the captain of a sub- for the U.S. Navy. This ship, the "Wasp," was a German submarine and a Q-ship met. The marine depot ship a few miles south of us, asking laid down in April, 1936, to replace the anti- German carried a 4-inch gun, the Q-ship only a Be sure to ask for ... me to send him six sailors' suits. We carried a quated "Langley," converted a year or two ago couple of 12-pounders. A torpedo in the engine large stock of these for fitting out newly joined into an aircraft tender. She is of 14,700 tons room had completely disabled the Q-shlp, and, ratings. and thus will be of about the same size as the unfortunately, the explosion had caused the "Ranger," completed in 1934, but her design is screen hiding the guns to drop, giving away the I, of course, asked "Why?" expected to approximate more closely to that of whole show. the larger and newer "Yorktown" and "Enter- I was told it was very "hush." prise," both of which recently entered service. The submarine came to the surface, well out Her completion is due next year and she will of range of the Q-ship's 12-pounders, and pro- Naturally I wanted to be in the party, so to increase America's carrier strength to six ships ceeded methodically to batter her to bits. In speak, and therefore made it my business to of 135,000 tons. The two carriers authorised by half-an-hour she was a wreck; the few men visit my neighbour as soon as possible. And this the Expansion Act will be of 20,000 tons, but it left alive put the wounded into their one boat is what I found. In a secluded corner of BIyth is impossible to say when their construction will "THE BUTTER OF PERFECTION" and dropped clear of the ship"—only to be sunk Harbour, the submarine depot ship had concealed a barge, or hopper, borrowed from the harbour be undertaken. aaaaaaaaaaaaaAAAAA by the next shell. Hours afterwards the one and only survivor was picked up by a merchant authorities. And on this barge they had built ship, and lived long enough to tell the story. an excellent imitation of a submarine in surface Cruisers trim. It was really life-like—and the suits of I should like to tell about a good trick played clothes I had sent over were to clothe some Actual construction in this important category is at the moment limited to three ships. One Incorporating every modern feeture, the Union on the enemy by our own submarine service. dummies hung on a jackstay, which were to Our trawlers, working in the North Sea, close represent the crew. It was really life-like. I of these is the heavy cruiser "Wichita," laid Company's aiprau linar "Awataa" sets a naw to our own coast, had been having a bad time would have defied anybody to tell that she was down in 1935 under the 1929 Cruiser Act. The "Wichita" is due to be completed within a few standard in Trens-Tasman traval. from an enemy submarine who specialised in not the real thing. The idea was to anchor this sinking these unarmed fishing vessels. He would craft at night in an area in which it was known months and her entrance into service will give the U.S. Navy a heavy cruiser force of eighteen With a spaad of 23 knots the "Awataa" makes the sudenly pop up in the middle of a bunch of that an enemy submarine was working. She was trawlers, sink three or four, and clear off, leaving to be watched by one of our own submarines. ships of 172,420 tons. The other cruisers now voyage batwaan Australia and Naw ZeelenJ in their crews to the tender mercy of the North Sea. building are the "St. Louis" and "Helena," com- It was a good idea, but I don't think it ever menced in 1936 under the same Act as the only 2J days. This couldn't go on. But how to stop it was a had a success, as the Armistice came along just "Wichita." They will be generally similar to the as it was being tried out—"Reveille." seven units of the new "Brooklyn" class and Tha "Awataa" carrias first and tourist class pas- question. It was no good giving the trawlers the protection of a surface vessel, as the enemy should be ready the second half of next year. sangars and maintains a ragular sarvica batwaan would have torpedoed her first and then pro- Their completion will bring America's light Sydnay. Auckland and Wellington. ceeded to sink the trawlers as usual. It was cruiser strength to nineteen ships of 160,500 going to be a hard job to catch this chap—but it tons. was done, and I'll tell you how. "AMERICA'S NEW NAVY"—Cont'd. All information from Four additional cruisers—the "Atlanta," "San One of the many trawlers taken up by the Juan," "Juneau," and "San Diego"—are provided UNION STEAM SHIP CO. OF NX LTD. Admiralty was manned by naval ratings, suit- It is impossible to say at this time when the for (Appropriation Acts for 1938 and 1939) and ably disguised, of course, and proceeded to the construction of the three capital ships authorised will be laid down in the near future. By London (Incorporated In NX) fishing grounds.' Steaming slowly along, with this year will be undertaken, although Treaty restrictions they cannot exceed 8,000 the wires towing the trawl plainly visible, she funds for two of them will likely be asked for tons, on which displacement an armament of 247 GEORGE STREET. SYDNEY Ptiona: B767I looked exactly like hundreds of other trawlers. at the next session of Congress, when the twelve 6-inch guns could be carried. Of the Only—Instead of towing a trawl at the end of Naval Appropriation Bill for 1940 comes up for cruisers authorised this year, it is understood her wire ropes, she was towing one of our own consideration and action. No definite decision that four will be included in the Navy's requests submarines, which was connected to her by tele- regarding their size has as yet even been made. mmrrmphone. Th e rest was easy. Whether they will be of 35,000 tons or will dis- (Continued overleaf) iM> THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL June, 1939 17 "AMERICA'S NEW NAVY"—Cont'd. simply enlarged editions of the earlier "Perch" and "Pike" classes. The six boats ("Tambor" for 1940. Their displacement will also be limited class) to be laid down under the 1939 Appro- to 8,000 tons. priation Act will also be of about 1,450 ions dis- cu Destroyers placement Of the eighteen submarines authorised—nine by the Vinson-Trammel Act H the league A total of thirty-six of these "jacks-of-all- and nine by the Naval Expansion Act—six and trades" are under construction. Eight are of the "Maury" class, of which the first four units possibly eight will form part of the Navy Depart- were recently placed in commission. They are ment's proposals for 1940. of 1,500 tons displacement, and follow closely the design of their immediate predecessors—the Wkif not? ten boats of the "Craven" class. The "Maury" It is hoped that the above survey has given the class were begun in 1936-37 and the eight units reader a clear picture of American naval con- still under construction will all enter service struction now proceeding and that likely to be during the coming year. The next destroyers to undertaken during the next few years. Should be laid down are the twelve of the "Sims" class, commenced in 1937-38 and scheduled for com- all the ships authorised by the Vinson-Trammel pletion in 1939. It is generally expected that Act of 1934 and the Naval Expansion Act of THE NAVY LEAGUE IS... they will be somewhat larger than the earlier 1938 be appropriated for, laid down, and com- destroyers and will displace between 1,600 and pleted within a reasonable length of time, the 1,700 tons, in which case five or even six 5-inch United States will possess at long last an ade- guns, in addition to a torpedo armament of quate, truly first-class navy. The composition of a WATCHDOG of National and Imperial sixteen tubes, could be mounted. The destroyers this armada, counting under-age combatant most recently begun are the eight units of the vessels only, will be as follows:—Eighteen battle- security, "Benson" class. They were provided for by the ships of around 630,000 tons; eight aircraft Appropriation Act for 1938, were laid down dur- carriers of 165,000 tons; forty-six heavy and ing the current year, and are due for completion in 1940-41. Their design will undoubtedly follow light cruisers of 412,000 tons; one hundred and that of the "Sims" class. Eight additional des- forty-four destroyers of 228,000 tons; and fifty- troyers, "Eberle" class, are appropriated for six submarines of 82,000 tons—a grand total of an ENEMY of apathy in all matters (1939 Act) and will soon be commenced. They two hundred and seventy-two fighting ships with should be in service by 1941 at the very latest. an aggregate displacement of 1,517,000 tons. To naval and maritime, this mighty array of warships will be added Of the thirty-two destroyers which remain to three thousand aircraft—by far the largest naval be built under the Vinson-Trammel authorisa- flying force in the world. tions, eight are to be included in the Navy's It would be most reprettable should the a TRAINER of the citizens of to-morrow, Appropriation Bill for 1940. Construction of acquisition of this powerful naval force by the the twenty-three boats authorised this year will United States make for uneasiness in other not be commenced until the earlier authorisations countries. There is not the slightest reason, are taken care of. At th present construction however, why a strong U.S. Navy she aid ex:ite a PRESERVER of our glorious sea rate of eight boats annually, -"iur or five years a feeling of insecurity on the part of any nation, more must elapse before any appropriations for for America arms solely for defence. The heritage. these destroyers can be made. natural desire to be safe from aggression is Submarines scarcely a threat to world peace.—"Navy." An even half-score of undersea boats are being built, while six others are appropriated for and % If you subscribe to these ideals you should subscribe to will be laid down shortly. Those under construc- Overheard in a Chinese Cafe In Sydney: "Yes; the League's funds for their more perfect attainment. tion are of two groups—the "Sargo" class of the barbarous Japanese were bombing very close six units and the "Seadragon" class of four. to my home, according to my last news from THE LEAGUE NEEDS NEW MEMBERS The former were begun in 1937 and the latter China. These unmannerly persons came over this year. Their completion is respectively due with a flight of bombers, showering missiles WHY NOT JOIN NOW I in 1939 and 1940. They are expected to be of from the sky in great numbers. The death roll very similar design to the 1,450 ton boats of the was terrific ... one dog, foully slaughtered!" recently commissioned "Salmon" class, which are i x == :•: ^ :•:==:•:=:•:=:•:=:•:=:•: s :•: a 19 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL July, 1939 The Navy League BEEF EXTRACT Cockatoo Docks & N.S.W. Branch GLOB QNE HUNDRED Engineering Co. Pty. Ltd. Patron: V POUNDS of th. His Excellency The Governor of N.S.W., E primest beef are used The Lord Wakehurst, K.C.M.G. to manufacture one , Contractors to . . . President: pound of GLOBEX X Rear Admiral J. B. Stevenson, C.M.G. ... no wonder it , Globex in /, 2, 4 • H.M. AUSTRALIAN NAVY Executive Committee: it rich in proteins. a„J $ oz. jars or Around each jar builds bone and 4 and 8 oz. con- Ship-builders, Marine & General Engineers Judge A. P. Backhouse, M.A. (Chairman) is a folder con- . tainers is avail- Sir Kelso King, S.S.D. Captain M.B.R. Blackwood, D.S.O., R.N. tainiug a large muscle and ,s an able at all chem- Commander F.W. Hixson, O.B.E., C. M. C. Shannon number of tasty re- ideal food for kid- ists and stores, cipes to be made d;<|S and grown.upSi Inquiries invited S.S.D. W. A. Mackay with Globex. ... , . * . A. Consett Stephen T. H. Silk, M.I.C.E., M.I.N.A. too. Its satisfying Sir Thomas Gordon, Kt. J. L. Milson Commander S. W. Spain Captain W. W. Beale, O.B.E. (Mil.) COCKATOO ISLAND Commander J. Patrick, R.D.R.A.N.R. S. Cooper, S.S.D. C flavour is a liquid Hon. Treasurers: Hon. Secretary: delight in beef tea, SYDNEY Sir Kelso King, S.S.D. C. M. C. Shannon Commander F. W. Hixson, O.B.E. S.S.D. soups or gravies . . . Phone: W 1941 (10 lines) Hon. Auditors: Secretary and Editor of Journal: and solidly delicious in sandwiches. . . . Robertson, Crane and Gibbons Alan Hill, Master Mariner L BEEF °BEX EXTRACT AIMS AND OBJECTS OF THE NAVY LEAGUE The Navy League is a Voluntary Patriotic and perial Security. non-Sectarian Association of British Peoples, en- 3. To bring home to every person in the Em- Recent Passenger Liners tirely outside party politics, desirous of render- pire that commerce can only be guarded For all happy occasions, afloat ing the greatest service of which it is capable from any possible attack by a Navy, in or ashore, the hostess can show With Babcock Boilers: to the Empire, particularly in connection with Conjunction with the Air Force, sufficiently "Strsthallan" all matters concerning the sea. It upholds as strong in all the elements which modern her individuality in the form "Strathmere" the fundamental principle of National and Im- warfare demands. she serves . . . "Stratheden" perial policy Complete Naval Protection for 4. To teach the citizens of the Empire, young "Orion" British Subjects and British Commerce all the and old alike, that "it is the Navy where- "Orcades" World over. on, under the good providence of God, the ARNOTT'S Its Objects are:— wealth, safety and strength of the King- With Babcock-Johnson Boilers: 1. To enlist on Imperial and National grounds, dom chiefly depend," and that The Exist- "Arundel Castle" the support of all classes in Maintaining the ence of the Empire, with the liberty and CRISP SAO "Windsor Castle" "Andes" Navy at the Requisite Standard of Strength, prosperity of its peoples, No Less Depends All above vessels are-oil-fired. not only with a view to the safety of our on the Merchant Service, which, under the BISCUITS trade and Empire, but also with the object Sure Shield of the Navy, welds us into One With Babcock Boilers & Babcock- of securing British prestige on every sea Imperial Whole. and in every port of the World. 5. To encourage and develop the Navy League the lightest and most desirable Erith Marine Strokers: X To convince the general public that expendi- Sea Cadet Corps not only with a view to base for savouries. Attractive, Two new mail steamers for ttie British India S.N. Co. Ltd. ture upon the Navy is the national equiva- keeping alive the sea spirit of our race too, with ham, paste, fresh or lent of the ordinary insurance which no sane but also to enable the Boys to Become Good pei son grudges in private affairs, and that Citizens of the Empire, by learning discip- stewed fruit and a simple epi- Babcock & Wilcox Limited Since a Sudden Development of Naval line, duty and self-respect in the spirit of curean delight with butter and Incorporated in England Strength Is Impossible, only Continuity of their motto—"For God, for the King, foi Australian Head Office and Works: Preparation can Guarantee National and Im- the Empire." cheese. REGENT'S PARK, N.S.W. 20 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL July, 1939 WILLIAM ARNOTT PTY. LIMITED. HOMFRUSH BY M % I/A

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First Class 'Phones: XA1035 (2 lines), XA1508 Return Fare to Japan £90 Return Fare to Hong Kong £76 REPLACEMENTS I NO EXCHANGE)

During the last war the value of a seagoing to the sea, and versed in the varying degrees of SCOTT'S "RENOWN" Royal Naval Reserve was amply demonstrated technical knowledge required to carry on in his to the British Empire. Unfortunately the ex- trade. Statistics show that there are some Obtain full particulars, itinerary, etc. ROPE, CORDAGE and perience gained in 1914-1918 has not been 10,000 men on the Australian coast, and it is utilised here in Australia, for there is no sea- obvious that a large percentage of them are going Naval Reserve which could, in any way from BINDER TWINE young fellows, of an ideal age for recruiting or in system— quite apart from numbers— com- purposes. pare with that of the Mother Country. But it To the young men working ashore oppor- is definite that at a time of international crisis tunities for serving his country are offered by A-O. LINE and unrest like the present, every nerve should entry into the militia. But to his opposite be strained to effect the fullest functioning of number serving on the coast no such avenue for (Incorporated in Hong Kong) our Navy, which is undoubtedly Australia's first service is available. Through the very' nature line of defence. Manufactured at Mascot by of his work an Australian merchant seaman is G. S. YUILL & CO. PTY. LTD. The value of the Merchant Service as an ad- debarred from joining any fighting unit in time junct to the Navy proper, quite apart from its of peace. It is certain that, if it were possible (Managing Agents) J. SCOTT PTY. LTD. duties as a carrier of goods, needs no stressing, for these men to offer their services in some and to-day that value is fully recognised. But capacity which would be of use to their country, 163 CLARENCE STREET the importance of what might be termed its a good percentage of them would do so. Why, 6 Bridge Street, Sydney lower deck ratings is certainly not appreciated then, are they not given the chance offered in a SYDNEY in the Island Continent. Royal Australian Naval Reserve (Seagoing)? The Merchant Service seaman, cook, steward, The answer is patent. Because at present there TELEPHONES: B 2861, BW 6396 fireman or trimmer is a trained man, well used (Continued Overleaf)

July, 1939 1 "REPLACEMENTS" — Cont'd. the time he gives his country in training, and preparing himself for a state of national OFF THE TRADE ROUTES is not, nor has there even been, a Royal Aus- emergency. Let his employer (as do the tralian Naval Reserve (Seagoing) for Merchant majority of employers in the case of employees Service ratings. At present the Royal Aus- enlisting in the militia forces) make up his pay A Review of Empire and World Merchant Shipping tralian Naval Reserve (Seagoing) establishment to his ordinary standard of wage. Let them be consists of some forty-five officers and seventeen encouraged by preferential treatment, as far as midshipmen, drawn from the certificated ranks, employment is concerned, to join the Royal Aus- By ALAN HILL and from apprentices serving aboard Australian tralian Naval Reserve (Seagoing). If the scheme was carried out properly it should not owned ships. But it does seem rather farcical to So much has been written and said of the As far as Japan is concerned, the position is affect the trainee's employment in the slightest have to state that there are no Merchant Ser- serious decline in British Merchant shipping even more alarming. In 1914 Japan owned 1,103 degree. A man could carry out naval training vice men to take orders from their own officers, that it would seem there was little more that merchant ships. By 1938 her fleet had grown whilst in that period of doldrums known to the who are being trained in Naval affairs. The could be added. Britain has at least realised by no less than 1,084 ships, so that with 2,187 maritime fraternity as "waiting for a ship." analogy in this case seems to be that we in Aus- the alarming state of her Navy of Supply, and vessels she ranks third in the list of the world's tralia are in the same category as the famous, has introduced a form of subsidy to assist her shipowners, being surpassed only by Great though unnamed South American Republic— The present Royal Australian Naval Reserve shipowners to compete with undercutting Britain and the United States of America. It "All Swords and no Bayonets"—in other words, establishment is a little over four thousand men. foreign opponents who have, for years, been must also be borne in mind that new ships built "All Officers and no Men." Can it be reasonably asserted that this number heavily subsidised by their respective Govern- and building by the Totalitarian powers and is sufficient to effect replacements of casualties ments. Japan are, practically without exception, It has been stated that any gaps in the Ser- in the Fleet proper, to man coastal defences, to The cost of full subsidisation to Britain is equipped for swift conversion into armed vice proper in time of war would be filled by engage in Port examinations, mine sweeping, stated to be £21,000,000. But subsidies arc merchantmen. members of the present Royal Australian Naval mine laying, anti-submarine duties and the other only a palliative; more is needed to strengthen Germany, as part of Goering's four year plan, Reserve. But these men are not trained sea- tasks carried out by Reservists in time of war? the vital lifeline of Empire that is now in a has completely rebuilt her deep-sea fishing men. They are men engaged in shore occupa- dangerously weak condition. Only by a strategic fleet. The motor trawlers to be put into service tions. In most cases their work is totally use of purchasing power, and trade agree- are, it is stated, far superior in seaworthiness, disassociated with the sea, and they have but —The Editor. ments and adjustments, can our Merchant Ser- engine power and cruising radius to any vessels fourteen days' sea service per annum to give vice be placed on a safe basis. As that famous of their type now afloat. These small craft are them the technical application of all they have exponent of an efficient Mercantile Marine, Lord initially a means of bringing prosperity to the learned in theory, serving at the various naval Lloyd, of Dolobran, said recently: "What we fishing industries of the Third Reich, but as well depots ashore. Anyone who has ever been to buy, we should carry!" they are also intended for mine-sweeping, laying sea must realise the utter futility of expecting Australia's and the Empire's future safety is and trawling duties in time of war. And the them, in times of national emergency, to fulfil British fishing fleet and fishing industry has so duties involving the use of experience that can bound up with that of Britain. With a depleted and ineffective Merchant Navy the Empire declined that nowadays it is classed among "the only be gained in years of sea training, quite depressed trades"! apart from the military side of the Naval cur- would surely be the loser in any future war. The riculum. sea is our life. For our security we depend on Equally important as the decline in shipping sea power. With that sea power reduced by is the fall in personnel. Nowadays the number Nothing but the greatest admiration can be unequal foreign competition to a point where wc of men capable of manning ships has dropped to expressed for those young men who are doing now have some 2,000 merchant ships, and three- 55,000 below pre-war level. During the Great their level best to carry on in the Empire's and-a-half million tons of shipping less than in War the Royal Navy was able to draw from great sea traditions, serving as Reservists. But 1914, it would seem that Britannia's ruling of the Merchant Service over 13,000 men. To-day, the sea engenders in its servants a valuable the waves, as far as merchantmen are con- it is reasonable to assume that it could not factor of quick thinking in times of emergency, cerned, is open to question. count on the services of a single seaman. and however estimable the present ratings of The reduction in British and Empire shipping the Royal Australian Naval Reserve may be, it Figures Tell a Story must ultimately affect Australia to a consider- is certain that the "sixth nautical sense" in- The total of world shipping has increased by able degree, unless the decline is arrested. Here, culcated by years of service afloat is not present 5,000 vessels since 1914, and it is a significant wc can say with a certain amount of pride, that in their case. factor that the signatory powers to the Anti- our shipping is at least on the up-gTade, but Comintern pact own 2,000 of these, while British we cannot close our eyes to the fact that, in The solution seems perfectly clear; a vital fleets have shrunk by a corresponding amount. the event of a war, we will ultimately have to phase in the defence of this country is the A further analysis of the Rome-Berlin-Tokio rely on the protection of England—when she establishment, as soon as possible, of a Royal axis' marine position is even more illuminating. can spare the time and the ships to come to our Australian Naval Reserve (Seagoing) to absorb P^TOOHEYS ^ To-day Germany has 231 more merchant ships aid. ratings at present serving on the Australian than in 1914. Italy, between 1914 and 1938 Australia's Merchant Navy, though small, coast. Following the standard set by the Royal OATMEAL STOUT augmented her trading Navy by 519 vessels, and would be an invaluable adjunct to the defence Naval Reserve (Seagoing), let every man re- 'here's to'ee" has recently increased her subsidies for ship- of these shores, and it is gratifying to note that ceive a yearly retainer, and regulation pay for 7t*ui ClU in fiwy BottU | building. some 55 units of our coastal fleet are to be 14 2 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL August,. 1939 equipped for conversion to armed merchantmen dangers of mines and enemy aircraft, the con- in the event of hostilities. trol of anti-aircraft fire, and the means of cop- A SUCCESSFUL O-SHIP ACTION Australian Merchantmen in Defence ing with aerial explosive or incendiary bombs. It seems a rather short-sighted policy how- By CAPTAIN MAURICE BLACKWOOD, D.S.O., R.N. A blockade of the whole of Australia would ever, that such training is provided for officers be an impossibility, and our Mercantile Marine only, and not for what might be termed the would be used, as in the last war, for carrying "lower deck" ratings. It would seem to be in- In May, 1915, the giant liner "Lusitania" was 1915, and by 1917 the enemy was well aware on the essential cargo and passenger services dicated that training for merchant service A.B's, that any merchant ship they might approach on between Australia and non-aggressor countries, torpedoed by the German submarine, "U.20," stokers, etc., as well as their officers was a commanded by von Schwieger, and sank off the the surface was possibly a trap. So any vessel returning with those stores and supplies of war necessity. Steps have been taken by the Re- they were not quite sure of was torpedoed, which could not be manufactured locally. As Irish coast with the loss of over 1000 men, turned Sailors and Soldiers' Imperial League of women and children. this being their safest method of attack, the sub- well, interstate services, carrying cargo and Australia to press for the recognition of the marine not coming to the surface until her vic- foodstuffs, would still need to be kept in opera- Australian Merchant Service as an auxiliary to In September, 1917, the German submarine tim had sunk, or was in such a bad way as to tion. the Royal Australian Navy. This would, in "U.88," also commanded by von Schwieger, was be incapable of any retaliation. Thus it came Troop transports and hospital ships would effect, bring it under the aegis of the Senior sunk with all hands not far from the scene of about that the Q-ship advanced in design and ply to points on the coast inaccessible by rail or Service, and so greatly facilitate the training the "Lusitania" disaster. improved in armament until the latest one, the road; this would be quite a big factor, for there of officers and men. "Stonecrop," was supposed to be unsinkable, are many such inviting landing places for an Towards the end of June, 1917, an observer and was literally crammed with men and invader. But will our Australian Merchant Navy be on Southsea beach, at the entrance to the huge weapons. The Merchant Service—or rather that portion capable of functioning, as has been indicated, if naval port of Portsmouth, might have noticed of it necessary for the work—would a'so act as the falling-off in British shipping is not check- a dingy-looking merchant ship slowly making It was realised by Q-ship commanders and auxiliary to the squadrons, conveying stores, ed? It is axiomatic to say that it could not. her way down the channel towards the sea. To also by the Anti-Submarine Department at the munitions and fuel. Faster vessels, of the in- Therefore, it is in Australia's own interest that all outward appearance this coaster seemed much Admiralty that a successful Q-ship action terstate and trans-Tasman express passenger she assist Great Britain, with all the means at the same as the thousands of her class who against a submarine necessitated the former's services, could be transformed into auxiliary her disposal, to rehabilitate the British Merchant earn profits for their owners, carrying cargoes being torpedoed before the latter would come cruisers, guarding ports and danger points, Service, and to replace the Red Duster on those round the British Isles and, in many cases ,as to the surface. So a concrete box was built in- carrying out anti-submarine measures, and the trade routes from which it has been driven. far afield as France and Spain. She was a little side the "Stonecrop," protecting about two- duties of guard, inspection and examination vessel—about 300 feet long—flush decked, with thirds of the hull. Unfortunately, the engine ships. They would thus serve the dual purpose the bridge well forward and the funnel right room and No. 1 forward hold were not included of assisting the Navy in its task of patrolling aft. Originally designed for the Canadian lake in this protection. 12,000 miles of coastline and of freeing cruisers trade, dirty, undermanned, and about as uncom- and destroyers for the vital work of keeping WHO TOLD THE BEE fortable a craft as any poor sailor could wish to Having, as they thought, made the ship un- an invader from the coast. go to sea in. sinkable, the officials proceeded to arm her with a 4-inch gun aft, of the very latest design; a Larger cargo vessels, especially those with —that it is a good thing to Had anybody told our observer that this dirty 12-pounder gun forward; two torpedo tubes in little ship, slowly nosing her way towards Spit- engines aft, and a long sweep of foredeck could, gather honey and put it safely No. 1 hold, and four Stokes bomb-throwers. The with very little trouble, be converted into air- head, was one of the latest additions to His Stokes bombs were fitted with fuses which ex- craft carriers and mother ships for seaplanes. away for future use? It is Majesty's Navy (and as such had the right to ploded them after they had sunk a certain Smaller coastal craft—trawlers and the like— Nature's way—she permits no fly the White Ensign), he would have thought depth. She was also provided with a most effi- would make ideal mine-layers and sweepers. waste. What a lesson to those his informant mad. And yet it was the truth. cient wireless installation and range-finders—in The Great Barrier Reef, running practically the fortunate enough to gather fact, the ship was armed regardless of expense. The year 1917 was a bad one for England full length of the Queensland coast, is a splendid money—even in very tiny Had the Anti-Submarine Department been as natural defence from sea attack. Passages at sea. The writer, who commanded the little pieces. Follow the example of lavish with concrete as they were with guns, the through the Reef are comparatively few, and ship just described had been sent for by that "Stonecrop" might still be ploughing her weary should they be mined, it would be quite a task the bee, and save for the day great sailor Lord Jellicoe, before sailing. Pac- way round the British Isles. for an invader to reach the Queensland coast of need. ing up and down his rooms at the Admiralty. proper. The work of maintaining those mine- Lord Jellicoe had said: "They (meaning the To man this collection of weapons a crew of fields, sweeping where necessary, and providing Germans) are launching new submarines as fast nearly 90 officers and men was required. The as we are sinking them, and that is nine per replacements, would naturally fall to the lot of Don't Waste Your Money—Save Itl peace-time complement of the ship was 18. The our "mosquito fleet." month. Go where you like—but you must get problem of their accommodation was overcome, results." and at last we left Portsmouth. In preparation for a "next war," Australian Merchant Service officers are attending courses The decoy ship, or mystery ship, or Q-ship— Our first cruise was uneventful, except for a of lectures provided by the Naval authorities. as it has been variously called—was one phase gale in the Atlantic which blew us up the Eng- These lectures, given in the principal Australian of the anti-submarine campaign by which we lish Channel as far as St. Catherine's Point ports, embody the general principles of trade were endeavouring to reduce the number of (Isle of Wight). After a re-fit we sailed again. protection, convoy, anti-submarine work, gas- Over 4,000 Branches end Agencies our ships sunk and destroyed by the enemy U- control and defence, and methods of combating boats. The Q-ships had been operating since (Continued on Page lo) 14 4 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL August,. 1939 CAVALRY OF THE SEA The Story of the Britiish Destroyer Service

By HERBERT W. DAWSON

The 1939 British Navy Estimates, introduced which will be commemorated by new vessels in such dramatic circumstances, have drawn coming into service next year. It is impossible attention to the destroyer strength of the Fleet. to trace the full story of destroyer construction Two new destroyer flotillas and 20 fast "escort during the war, but at the close of hostilities vessels" certainly provide a prompt answer to the newest destroyers were ships of some 1,090 increased submarine construction abroad; but tons, armed with 4.7's, 21-in. tubes and capable whether these vessels will be sufficient for our of 31 knots at full load. needs is still open to question. During the four years that the Royal Navy Ever since the invention of the torpedo in was at war, destroyers were the hardest worked 1871 the Navy has been faced with the problem vessels in the Fleet. They screened the Battle of finding an effective counter to this under- Squadrons on their periodical "sweeps" into water weapon. The early "torpedo boats" were German waters; they acted as mine-layers and matched by the "torpedo boat destroyers"—the sweepers, convoyed troopships and merchant- two types soon merging into a single class men, hunted submarines with relentless fury, known as "destroyers." The submarine, nothing and took every opportunity of attacking hostile but a submerged torpedo boat, made this surface craft. Destroyers took part in the siege problem more pressing, but war experience of Tsingtau, and it was from destroyers that the showed that British destroyers were the finest first troops landed on Gallipoli. Steaming over anti-submarine vessels in the world—and de- the treacherous sandbanks off the Belgian coast, fences against this danger have improved a destroyers boldly engaged shore batteries, and hundredfold since 1918. Aerial torpedoes have one audacious craft even entered Ostende Har- yet to be tested in war, but the threat of the bour to pour salvoes of H.E. shell into an hotel small motor torpedo boat can still be checked serving as German Divisional Headquarters. by accurate gunfire from fast destroyers. In- Considering their war service it is not surprising deed, the wheel has gone almost full circle; the that 67 destroyers were lost; 17 in action, 29 by M.T.B's re-introducing the original "torpedo mines or torpedoes, and 21 through wreck or boat," while the small destroyer and escort collision. In their turn, British destroyers sank vessels take the place of the early "torpedo at least 33 enemy submarines—almost 25 per boat destroyers." cent, of the total number destroyed—1 large minelayer, 1 battleship, 1 heavy cruiser, 6 The ancestor of all British destroyers was the destroyers and 6 torpedo boats; a list which ex- torpedo boat "Lightning," a little ship of only cludes hostile ships destroyed in combined 27 tons, launched in 1877, the first T.B.D. fol- operations or the numerous drifters and mine- lowing her in 1892. These early destroyers were sweepers which fell victim to the "Destroyer vessels of from 300-400 tons, armed with 1 12- War." Of the 17 British destroyers sunk in pounder, 5 6-pounders, and 2 18-in. torpedo action, no less than 12 were engaged with heavy tubes. They were seaworthy little ships, cap- ships, cruisers or battleships, when destroyed. able of 30 knots, but their accommodation for officers and men was deplorable. Not until the To pick out single incidents from those crowd "River" class was commissioned in 1902 did ed years is a difficult task—the saga of the destroyer captains obtain their own cabin, a Destroyer Service is better material for a book concession to luxury which cost those hard than for an article. At Jutland, two destroyer worked, officers 1/6 per day in "hard-lying captains gained well-deserved Victoria Crosses, money," a bonus paid by the Admiralty to offset and one little ship, H.M.S. "Petard," succeeded the lack of ordinary comforts. in sinking one destroyer and disabling the bat- In August, 1914, the finest destroyers in ser- tle cruiser "Seydlitz," before the action was vice were the British "L" class, which dis- broken off. During the confused night fighting tinguished themselves in Heligoland Bight, and that marked the close of the battle, "Spitfire,"

July, 1939 7 935 tons, rammed the great battleship "Nassau" of over 20,000 tons, and lived to tell the tale. PLIMSOLL AND THE LOAD LINE On that day the destroyers "Shark," "Acasta," "Nomad," "Nestor" and "Onslow" all won im- perishable fame. "Swift" and "Broke" added How Merchant Ships were made Safe for Sea to the destroyer traditions in the Straits of Dover, and the loss of H.M.S. "Mary Rose," while defending the Scandinavian Convoy By A.H. against overwhelming odds, is one of the proud- est memories of a Service which judges such actions by a critical standard. The passenger seated next to me on the ferry insurance covered a multitude of sins, as well as On thr outbreak of war in 1914 there were waved a pipe stem at a large, obviously-loaded ships and cargo! 243 destroyers in the Royal Navy. During hos- tramp steamer. Spurred by a desire for reform, Plimsoll stood tilities we built 337 destroyers and flotilla lead- and was returned M.P. for Derby, in 1868. Prac- ers and tremendous number of patrol ships, in- "She's pretty well down to her marks," he said. tically his first move on entering the House of cluding the P and PC boats, were commissioned. Commons was to attack the vicious system Most of these vessels were engaged in anti-sub- Down to her marks! Of course, most of us whereby seamen's lives were endangered for the marine work, and in 1918 there were 3,810 ves- are familiar with the dis: and horizontal line sake of pecuniary gain. Certain members of sels of all types occupied on the trade routes SUNSHINE painted on a ship's side, yet not all know of the very House in which he sat were themselves and on coast defence duties. No Admiral ever the struggle by an English social reformer in "deep loading" shipowners, some of them on the seemed to have enough destroyers. To-day there mid-Victorian years to gain that symbol of safe Government benches, and Plimsoll's charges are 199 destroyers and leaders, 38 escort vessels CRUISES loading. directly affected them. Their opposition made and sloops, and 11 patrol boats built or building The Plimsoll mark, as the white disc and the fight for reform harder, longer, and more for the Fleet. Of these almost 80 destroyers Escape from the winter weather and horizintal line is termed, is, by the Merchant bitter. But Plimsoll kept on, and published, in and 3 sloops saw service during the war. This enjoy a delightful summer holiday in Shipping Act of 1876, compulsorarily exhibited 1872, a pamphlet entitled "Our Seamen," de- force will soon be reinforced by the new vessels the brilliant sunshine of the Tropics. on the side of every British vessel, and any nouncing the "coffin ships." contained in the 1939 estimates. foreign vessel leaving a British port. In fact, Distributed among the people of Britain, es- Since 1918 destroyer development has gone British load line standards are, in actual prac- pecially those in seaports and maritime trades, on unchecked, and modern British destroyers tice, adopted by all maritime nations. This em- the pamphlet stirred public opinion and forced are the acknowledged model for most European blem of ship security takes its name from, and Disraeli, the Prime Minister, to bring down regu- shipyards. It is, however, still possible to brine is closely associated with Samuel Plimsoll, "The lations for shipping and ship loading, which were out fresh types, and the "Tribal" flotillas which Sailor's Friend." However, the symbol itself incorporated in the Merchant Shipping Act of recently came into service set a new standard goes back long before his time. Loading regu- TO FIJI 1876, and which earned for Samuel Plimsoll the in destroyer design. These splendid vessels R.M.S. Strathallan lations similar to those actually brought about undying title of "The Sailor's Friend." carry the amazing armament of 8 4.7 in. guns, leaves Sydney .... July 21 by Samuel Plimsoll were well known to the By this legislation the Board of Trade was 4 21 in. tubes, and a very heavy anti-aircraft TO RABAUL Italian Republics prior to 1000 A.D. The "Sar- battery. Capable of over 36 knots they are the R.M.S. Strathnaver dinian Mark" (as it was called) of those days empowered to detain unseaworthy vessels. A largest and finest destroyers ever to fly the leaves Sydney .... August IB was almost identical with our Board of Trade safe loading and freeboard mark had to be White Ensign. This year will see another new loading sign. But to Samuel Plimsoll must be scribed and painted on every ship, beyond which type, the "Javelin" class, come into service. TO NOUMEA given the credit for the humanity, and tenacity mark it could not be laden. These will be the first single-funnelled destroyers R.M.S. Stratheden leaves Sydney .... October 13 of purpose, that forced unscrupulous shipowners In 1880 Plimsoll resigned his Parliamentary in the Navy, and will be armed with 6 4.7's and to limit the loading of their craft before the seat—but not his interest in the seafarer. His 8 21-in. tubes; stressing the attacking power of danger point was reached. remarkable pamphlet, "Cattle Ships," published the torpedo, while the "Tribals," with their in 1890, brought that trade under public notice, greater emphasis on gun power, seem designed Pint Soloon from 20 guineos Plimsoll was born in Bristol in 1824. At the and contributed greatly to the betterment of to hunt down and destroy hostile torpedo craft Tournt C/oss from 13 guinea* age of 29 he moved to London, starting in busi- those concerned with the sea-carriage of live ani- in a fleet action. ness as a coal merchant. Whilst engaged in mals. Writing as far back as 1889, Rudyard Kipling this trade he noted the shocking manner in which coastal colliers, and even overseas traders Samuel Plimsoll died in 1898, leaving behind epitomised the Destroyer Service in splendid him a sign for sea safety, and a name that will verse. Except that the 6,000 h.p. of his day- were laden. For the sake of a few paltry pounds gained in excess freight carried, many grasping never be forgotten by those whose livelihood have risen to 44,000 h.p., his words still hold takes them upon deep waters. good. The powerful flotillas of the Royal Navy owners would over-burden their ships, well down can well be described as— past a safety limit, to a depth where freeboard The mark which perpetuates Plimsoll's name was literally a matter of imagination. These is a disc, twelve inches in diameter, painted on "The Brides of Death that wait the groom; I ghouls cared little whether their death-traps ar- a vessel's side amidships. Through the disc's PeninsularP.C and Oriental S.N. Co. (Incorporated in England).I The Choosers of the Slain!" rived safely at their destinations. In those days centre runs a horizontal white line one inch thick —"Navy." July, 1939 8 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL and eighteen inches long. The top edge of this A SUCCESSFUL Q-SHIP ACTION (Contd.) line indicates the maximum load to which a vessel's draught may be brought. A fortnight's loafing round the Bay of Biscay having brought no luck, in desperation, we As well as the disc, an additional vertical white decided to try the transport route south of the Are you in the fafflUC line with others ruled at right angles from it is Scillies. placed near the Plimsoll mark. Since a loaded ship sinks deeper in fresh water and in warm And at 4 p.m. on September 17, we sighted sea water than in sea water of ordinary tempera- the enemy. Dead ahead of us on the surface was ture, and less deep in very cold sea water, the a large submarine. She had a wind sail up, and horizontal line through the disc maintains the might have been mistaken for a small sailing Wklf HOt? draught in average summer temperatures. The craft; but, even as we looked at her through our horizontal marks on the vertical line indicate glasses, down came the wind sail, and two bright the depth to which, under varying seasonal con- flashes told us we were under fire. ditions, a ship may be loaded in different parts of the world. Our guns' crews had gone to action stations, the helm was put hard over, and away went the And so, rising from the knowledge of the "Stonecrop," heading for home at her best speed Mediterranean seamen of the Middle Ages, and —six knots. The wireless operator played his THE NAVY LEAGUE IS... Samuel Plimsoll's work for seafarers of Victoria • part to perfection. Commencing with a dignified times, came the white symbol of safety that appeal for help, in code, as the action progressed prompted the remark of my ferry boat friend. he lapsed into frenzied calls for assistance in plain English. But never did he give a position a WATCHDOG of National and Imperial To which one could have replied:— to which that help could have been sent. The "Down to her marks ? Yes; but not past them, last thing we wanted to see was a destroyer security, thanks to Plimsoll!" coming over the horizon. So the chase went on, the submarine closing us rapidly right astern and keeping up a steady- fire from one of her 4-inch guns. We had not been hit—though the rattle of shell splinters an ENEMY of apathy in all matters on the iron deck was continuous. After forty BILLIARDS minutes of this we thought we had tempted naval and maritime, . providence enough—a lucky shot might have BOYS OF ALL AGES! knocked a gun-port in and given the show away. The Ideal Game for the Home The orders were therefore given to set fire to the ship. It sounds alarming, but it wasn't a TRAINER of the citizens of to-morrow, really. We had tins of phosphorus or some such BILLIARDS-DINING TABLES— composition in No. 4 hatch, and these, when lit, New from £29 15 0 produced volumes of smoke and gave a realistic Reconditioned from £22 15 0 imitation of the real thing. a PRESERVER of our glorious sea LIFT-ON TABLES £8 15 0 "Abandon ship." The engines were stopped Easy Terms Available. and the "panic party" got away—their drill was heritage. Delivery Free in Sydney Metropolitan very good. Area. The stage was set. A beautiful calm after- noon, a little ship rolling in the swell, abandoned Buy One for Your Home, and and on fire. With the boats' falls banging 0 If you subscribe to these ideals you should subscribe to Keep Your Boys Happy! against the ship's side with every roll, the the League's funds for their more perfect attainment. "Stonecrop" looked the picture of desolation. Her crew pulling slowly away in two boats—who Hciron & Smith (Salonola) was to tell that on board her were concealed THE LEAGUE NEEDS NEW MEMBERS Pty. Ltd. 60 men and a modern armament? WHY NOT JOIN NOW I 141 ELIZABETH ST. SYDNEY The submarine ceased fire and dived. Now Telephone: M 2355 was the critical time—we were going to be in- spected. Anxiously the .writer, lying flat on 14 10 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL August,. 1939 the bridge, wondered if he had overlooked any "Pass to all guns—range 650 yards—stand detail which might warn the enemy that the trap by." was aet. The watcher on the bridge gave these orders JAPAN'S After what aeemed a long period of waiting, —heard them pass down the various voice-pipes. a periscope was seen slowly closing the ship Then, with a sigh of relief, he got to his feet, from astern. Closer and closer it came. Too adjusted his glasses on the enemy, and—blew SPOON-FED MERCHANT close. Then, as if one periscope wasn't enough, his whistle. another appe: red just abaft it He was taking Clang!! Crash!! no chances in this inspection. The noise of the gun-ports falling was drown- NAVY As the periscopes moved slowly along down ed in the crash of the 4-inch gun firing its first the ship's side, the hull of the submarine was round. The tension was over—the watcher had plainly visible in the clear Atlantic water. So nothing more to do—there was nothing he could By DAVID Le HOI close were they that it seemed as if the two do. That had all been done weeks before—drill ships must bump. There was a chance at this —drill—till the men who formed the guns' crews moment to use one of our torpedoes, but the had been made as perfect as machines at their With the object of making a bid for the Blue were too small and ill-found to attempt any danger of a miss was too great—the torpedo own particular job. Riband of the Pacific, the Nippon Yusen Kais- serious competition with foreign vessels. might have either jumped the target, or dived No—he could do nothing now. One of the best ya, Japan's leading shipping company, is plan- One reason for this inauspicious beginning under it. light-gun layers lent from the Grand Fleet was ning the construction of two fast passenger was that Japan's shipping was in the hands of Crawling round the bridge and cutting little laying and firing that gun—it all depended on liners for the Yokohama-San Francisco service. the "daimio," or petty local princes, who ruled slits in the canvas screen, the watcher on the him. Each ship will displace 27,700 tons, have a the country in feudal days, and the majority of bridge once looked right into the periscope's Was the range correct? That was the only speed of 24 knots, and accommodate 220 first- these noblemen looked upon the running of a eye, and got a most unpleasant shock. The thing. It wasn't by thirty yards. His glasses class, 120 second-class and 550 third-class pas- ship more in the light of a hobby than as a periscope moved slowly ahead, and the watcher's glued to his eyes, the watcher waited for the sengers. The ships will be built in Japan, en- commercial proposition. heart resumed its normal beat. bright flash which would tell him of a hit. tirely of Japanese materials, and it is anticipat- Ultimately, a few of the more venturesome Passing ahead of the ship, the raidtr turned No—a fountain of water almost hid the tar- ed that they will make their maiden voyages amongst the "daimio" decided to run steamers, slowly to port and came to the surface. It all get. early in 1940. but, the actual construction of the vessels be- seemed unreal—this long grey hull, the rusty Twenty-five yards short— Like all Japanese merchant ships the new ing beyond the country's capacity, they were conning tower, the canvas screen hiding the U- Another fountain— liners will be built and operated with the aid compelled to buy them abroad. In 1870 the first boat's number. The two wicked looking 4-inch Ten yards short— of lavish Government subsidies; a policy that Japanese steamer service was inaugurated, and guns which had been firing on us for forty min- Horror of horrors! Was Frank Lee going to has enabled Japan to build up within the short was soon followed by others. utes, the little ship abandoned by her "coward- fail us? Was the best light-gun layer in the span of seventy years a merchant navy which Somewhat to the surprise of the sponsors, ly" crew rolling in the swell, the setting sun Grand Fleet going to miss a stationary target to-day ranks as the third largest in the world. the ventures showed a profit; and thereby arose casting a pleasant warmth over all. at 700 yards? Until 1854, when she made her first treaty fresh complications. For, according to the cum- That good old sun—shining straight into the A satisfactory "whang," and a flash on the with a Western Power, Japan had of her own bersome Japanese etiquette, it was impossible enemy's eyes and giving us the best possible light target with the third round showed that Frank desire been for nearly three centuries completely to combine princely dignity with the mundane for shooting and hitting. Lee would certainly not let us down. isolated from the comity of nations, and was calling of shipping, which was the province of His orders were to move up and down the governed on the lines of the feudal states exist- the then despised mercantile community. The submarine seemed sure of her "kill"— water-line with his shots, and he certainly did. ting in Europe's dark ages. Consequently, such So the "daimio" preserved their dignity by they blew their tanks in a leisurely fashion, and The first hit was just under the conning tower shipping as she possessed consisted of a few handing over their ships to companies of mer- in about three minutes were surface trim. —the second just under the foremost gun—and small junks which seldom voyaged out of sight chants. In many cases the noble owners were What next ? Whose move ? There was a certain so on. of land. too proud to ask any payment for the vessels, reluctance at the Admiralty in recognising Fourteen rounds were fired, and all except the with the result that a number of Japanese ship- claims of ships having sunk submarines. The Indeed, so determined were Japanese rulers to first two were hits. have no intercourse with foreigners that the law ping companies began business with the initial best way to establish a claim for sinking one was Bravo, Frank Lee. advantage of having their fleets provided for to produce evidence in the shape of a German— compelled all junks to be built with wide open Not a sign of life came from the enemy. sterns, so that the vessels would be bound to them. in other words, a "souvenir." Would U.88 be so From first to last we had not seen a soul. What obliging as to provide us with one? founder if their crews disobeyed orders and at- As Japan grew to nationhood she embarked up- were we going to do for "souvenirs"? With the tempted to take them overseas. on various military adventures overseas, and the We waited anxiously for them to open the thirteenth round the bows of the raider went When American intervention, and, later, that demand for transport caused the Government to conning tower hatch and come on deck, and so, up in the air. The fourteenth round hit well of other nations, rudely shattered her isolation, purchase a number of steamers from America as we sank her, to float off and provide us with below the waterline forward. She sank out Japan realised that if she was to maintain her and Europe. At the conclusion of hostilities, the one or more "souvenirs." I say we waited an- of sight. Twenty seconds later she broke sur- independence she must Westernise herself. And tonnage acquired on Government account was, xiously—one minute—two minutes—three min- face, only to disappear for good a moment later. she soon reached the conclusion that her geo- for the same reasons that had inspired transfer utes—every second adding to the risk of dis- There I must leave Commander von Schwieg- graphical position had cast her for the role of by the "daimio," handed over to the shipping covery. One of the 60 men on board, becoming er, of the Imperial German Navy. And with a sea power. companies. The expedition to Formosa in 1875, impatient, might be tempted to poke his nose him sleeps, a thousand fathoms deep, a brave Accordingly, Japan realised her need of a the war with China in 1894 and with Russia in out of a porthole and be spotted. We couldn't man—Leading Seaman Frank Lee, Royal Navy. merchant navy, but for a number of years she 1904-5 all resulted in large additions to the afford to wait for "souvenirs." But that is another story. —"Revielle." was content to build sailing ships which Japanese mercantile marine. 12 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL July, 1939 13 At the same time, a number of shipping con- of domestic steel supplies was partially over- cerns, having obtained substantial Government come by large purchases of obsolete American grants entered the shipping business by purchas- and European ships. For a few years these ing old steamers and manning them with crews second-hand vessels would be engaged in tramp- satisfied to work for a few shillings a month. ing, after which they were sent to the scrappers With their patched-up ships and cheap crews, and their metal worked into plates for new Japanese owners were able to run amazingly ships. economical services, and by the 'eighties of last Further impetus was given to Japan's ship- century had secured for themselves a prosperous ping industry during the Great War, when the niche in certain classes of the Pacific trade. ravages of the German submarine campaign Although the majority of the steamers were were ovei-taxing the capacity of even the vast undermanned and had long since forfeited shipbuilding organisations of Great Britain and Lloyd's classification, their owners quoted such the United States. Japan's great distance from low rates that there were always shippers in the chicf theatres of hostilities restricted her China and the South Sea Islands willing to give naval and military participation in the Allied them a charter. cause, and much of her aid consisted in the Encouraged by the success of these tramps, transport of stores. the Japanese Government subsidised several Not surprising, therefore, Japanese shipping- companies to acquire more up-to-date ships to enjoyed a tremendous boom in the years 1911- run on regular services. In 1885, for instance, 1918. Besides launching ships for her own use. the Nippon Yusen Kaisya, to-day the largest Japan actually had yards constructing a large Navy League Sea (Unlet Guard of Honour to Rear-Admiral Stephenson, C.M.C. shipping concern in Japan, was formed and not number of cargo vessels for the United States only did the State provide most of the steamers, Shipping Board. but it guaranteed the company's shareholders Since then, Japan has been careful not to eight per cent on their capital for ten years. lose the ground gained. Subsidies have been progressively increased, while low wages and Ten years later, a further subsidy scheme was post-war currency depreciation have enabled inaugurated whereby shipping companies receiv- Japanese ships, particularly in the tramp cate- ed a bounty of so much per ton for every 1,000 gory, to quote rates against which the private miles steamed by vessels displacing more than enterprise of the British merchant navy finds 1,000 tons, and having a speed in excess of 10 it increasingly difficult to compete. knots, the rate of subsidy increasing in propor- That the Japanese mercantile marine is to tion to the speed and tonnage of the ships. You Can Build all intents and purposes a State enterprise is « The Saving and Investment plan is sound, if As was intended, the new subsidy encouraged indicated by the Government exercising a super- you can be sure that you will live 30 years, the acquisition and building of larger ships by vision over shipping companies as autocratic in an estate in 30 years enjoy health, strength and full earning power. Japanese ocmpanies, and within a couple of control as that over the navy. Japan has fore- years the Nippon Yusen Kaisya was running seen the economic and strategical value of her by saving a certain CAN YOU BE SURE regular services to America and Europe. For its merchant service, and its close alliance with the OF THIS ? European service alone, the company had built Imperial Navy is exemplified by the fact that amount cach year in British yards twelve 6,000 ton twin-screw every Japanese merchant seaman is by law a If not, the only way through which you can be steamers. naval reservist. assured that the amount of the estate you Nevertheless the Japanese Government was Finally, and as indicative of what can be OR still far from satisfied with its merchant navy, achieved by unlimited Government monetary plan for will be paid in full, whether you live as the majority of ships were built abroad. and legislative support of an industry, it is not 30 years or die to-morrow, is Life Assurance. This dependence upon foreign yards was due not without interest to note the phenomenal increase You Can Establish so much to lack of Japanese enterprise, as to of Japanese shipping every decade since 1867, the shortage of domestic ores and plants for when Japan had about 10,000 tons of sailing Send us your name, address and age, and we the same estate In making steel. ships afloat In 1877, Japanese tonnage was will submit to you suitable plans for Estate During the first decade of the present century, 63,000; in 1887, 197,000; in 1897, 648,000; in Building. however, Japan had at enormous expense estab- 1907, 1,150,000; in 1917, 2,235,000; and in 1937, JO minutes and talce lished yards for the building of warships, and 4,140,000. A.M.P. SOCIETY it was not long before these were being used for To-day there are over 4,475,000 tons of mer- 30 years to pay for the construction of merchantmen. chant shipping under the Japanese flag, a figure Heed Office: 87 PITT STREET, SYDNEY In order to encourage owners to build ton- exceeded only by Great Britain and the United it. A E. WEBB. Manager for N.S.W. nage at home, the subsidies were doubled on all States. steamers launched in Japan, while the shortage —"Navy."

14 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL July, 1939 For all the much-in-little it conveys, teaching them their duty to Australia and the "Crack hardy!" Empire. SEA CADET NOTES This is best done by teaching them to be When in disgrace with Fortune and men's eyes subordinate to others, and so eventually to gain OUR BEST TURNOUT us the privilege of attending a Church parade Always remember that there's still a card he on "The Island." sufficient experience and power of initiative to Should never fail to play who aims to rise enable them to control confidently other Cadets What could be justly described as the best WELL DONE, AIR LEAGUE ! Again. Away with vain regrets and sighs, display to date of the Corps' smartness and who come after them in the ranks. To some On Saturday, 1st July, the first of what is Crack hardy! lay minds the training has a militaristic slant— efficiency was provided by members represent- hoped to be a series of inter-organisation com- ing North Sydney, Manly and Woolwich Divis- What though the bread upon your board be of preparation for battle. This is not correct, petitions was held at Mosman. The opponents as far as war, but is definitely true as far as ions, at a Church parade on Garden Island on were representative flights comprising a squad- stale, Sunday, 25th June. The occasion was the annual The steak like leather and the butter lardy, the battle of life is concerned, wherein it is ron from Warringah Division, Australian Air mostly a case of the "survival of the fittest." Of service for Naval Veterans. Seventy-five rat- League Cadets, and a squad from "Victory" Sustain yourself with thoughts of cakes and ings and five officers paraded at the Chapel, and ale; course, on the other hand, it gives Cadets an Training Depot, North Sydney E.^ion, Navy insight into the Naval and Mercantile Marine were inspected by Captain H. C. Phillips, R.N., League Sea Cadets. They'll yet be yours with gusto to assail. Captain in Charge, Naval Establishments, Services, into which they may feel inclined to Competition points were awarded for march- Crack hardy! Sydney. Mr. L. R. V. Smith, Officer in Charge, enter later. If no such inclination exists the ing, squad drill (as taught by the respective North Sydney Division, N.L.S.C.C., was Officer What use, when milk's been spilled, the cat to training has still not been in vain; they should organisations), general bearing and smartness. of the Day. whip? leave the Sea Cadets Corps better and fitter The judges were a warrant officer and two ser- Wiser, however, buffeted and jarred, he young men to face the world. The Executive Committee of the New South geants of the Anti-Aircraft Brigade. Who stiffens steadfastly his upper lip, Officers of the Sea Cadet Corps play a most Wales Branch of the Navy League was rep- Air League secured the trophy, a fine cup Keeps up his tail, and takes the good old tip, important part in the training of the Cadet, and resented by Commander F. W. Hixson, R.A.N.R., generously presented by Mr. Olsen, of North "Crack hardy!" it is obvious that should each officer have differ- Captain M. B. R. Blackwood, D.S.O. R.N. (Ret), Sydney. The margin of six points indicates the ent ideas of training methods, non-uniformity Officer Commanding, NX.S.C.C, and Captain keenness and closeness of the contest, which was Though failure dog you ever and again, would result, and Cadets could not combine Alan Hill, Secretary of the Navy League, New carried on in a sporting spirit worthy of the And luck in knocking at your door be tardy, efficiently for displays, manoeuvres, parades, South Wales Branch. best traditions of both movements. "There is a tide in the affaire of men"— etc. It should therefore be recognised that the Captain Phillips expressed his pleasure at in- You k.iow the rest. And so, my son, till then. Though defeated, "Victory" was certainly not introduction of standard methods of training is specting such a smart and efficient body of lads, Crack hardy! disgraced. They did their best—and a very essential, and they should fully co-operate with and it is no breach of confidence to say that he N.S.W. MIDFORD. good best at that, but Warringah managed to Headquarters Staff in carrying out regulations. was more than surprised at the spectacle pro- notch eighty of the possible one hundred points, —'"Bulletin" Much has been said about discipline for the vided by seventy-five smart, well trained Cadets. against V.T.D's seventy-six. Not much, but Cadets; but the basis of training is laid by the It was Captain Phillips' first real inspection of sufficient to make all the difference between a Officers themselves who, by rigidly observing the Corps, and it is hoped that we can surprise win and a loss for Navy League lads. STANDARISATION OF TRAINING regulations governing training and the division him even more on the next occasion he looks Right from its very commencement, Air over the Cadets. By D. i. MORT, Senior Training Officer, in which they serve, promote that desirable League H.Q. has maintained very happy associa- sense of obedience in the Cadets' minds. Laxity The C.C.S's sentiments were echoed by many N.L.S.C.C. tions with Navy League H.Q. It is to be hoped in dress in attending parades, insufficient in- Naval Officers present, and those responsible for The definite adoption of standardisation in that this excellent spirit, plus a healthy rivalry terest outside their titles, casual ness in salutes the training and maintenance of the Navy training within the Sea Cadet Corps should meet as well, will extend throughout all branches of and the return of same, disregard for "Records League Sea Cadet Corps were more than proud with the co-operation of all officers, as it will both movements. Epitomised, the final aims of and Returns"—all go to destroy discipline in the to see the effect of the new system of standard- give them a set method in which to carry out both can be translated as Patriotism and Good Corps, and it is for senior Officers to show by isation of training. Officers, Petty Officers and the regulations governing this part of their Citizenship, together with a love of the clean example what is expected of junior Officers and ratings are to be congratulated, and thanked charge. and decent things of life. It seems obvious that ratings. for their splendid co-operation and willingness there should be more of the "get together" Where a principle of disciplinary training is to give of their best to the Corps. principle so aptly demonstrated by this com- introduced into a youth movement there must The progress through training eventually en- Thanks are also due to the Officer Command- petition. be a certain way of enforcing that discipline, titles an Officer or Cadet to certain privileges. Taking charge of various Departments of the ing, H.M.A.S. "Penguin" who, in true naval So, though we stoutly maintain that we'll and of still maintaining interest. The differ- Division, responsibility for certain subjects of style came to the Corps' assistance when it was "pip" you the next time, Australian Air ence between a disciplinary organisation and a the syllabus, and numerous other duties en- found that "Victory" Training Depot's motor Leaguers, CONGRATULATIONS AND social club is the presence of an atmosphere of trusted to an Officer or Cadet can be regarded cutter had broken down, and who very "HAPPY LANDINGS!" reality in one, and a mixture of amusement and graciously despatched "Penguin's" barge to no definite routine in the other, and we must as a privilege. Officers are also entrusted with pick up "Victory's" complement from Man-o- regard the Navy League Sea Cadet Corps as a the recommendations for advancement of War Steps. CRACK HARDY ! disciplinary body. Indeed, it is the only one Cadets, and must exercise great care in doing Rev. Mr. Stubbs, "Penguin's" padre, preached I like that curt and crisp Australian phrase. that may be so called in the Empire. so for the sake of the new recruit who must necessarily pass through the hands of Petty an inspiring sermon, applicable both to the Familiar from Cronulla to Coolgardie The paramount work of the movement is the naval veterans present and to the lads. As either "Stone the crows!" or "Spare me Officers and Leading Seamen. It is therefore fitting of Cadets for the harder knocks of lire, imperative that Cadets are able to look up to We hope that once again in the near future, days!" for the instilling into them the right ways of the C.C.S. and the Rev. Mr. Stubbs will extend {Continued Overleaf) winning respect from fellow citizens, and of (Continued overleaf) 14 16 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL August,. 1939 "STANDARDISATION OF TRAINING" faced with the arduous task of filling the money (Contd.) bags again, a job which no one envies them. INSURE WITH . .. Incorporating every modern feature, the Union the efficiency and appearance of their Officers. However, we know that they have seen much In a nautical movement it is essential that harder times, and have always come through Company's express liner "Awatea" sets a new smiling with the finance required for the upkeep MERCANTILE MUTUAL terms, phrases and methods of giving orders standard in Trans-Tasman travel. used within the Naval and Mercantile services of the unit. Insurance Co. Ltd. are strictly adhered to. A sound knowledge of As this month marks the close of another With a speed of 23 knots the "Awatea" makes the such is necessary. year for the Committee, I would like to take this AN AUSTRALIAN INSURANCE COMPANY voyage between Australia and New Zealand in These are clearly defined in the Seamanship opportunity to thank them for their untiring Established 1878 Manual, and Officers should first teach the rat- efforts on our behalf. only days. ings to use them, and immediately check any Our strength remains at a steady level, those FIRE, ACCIDENT, MOTOR CAR errors in this field. Orders should be given in a who do not make the grade being replaced by a The "Awatea" carries first and tourist class pas- continual influx of new recruits. Householders and Houseowners' Comprehensive very definite manner, and as long as they are sengers and maintains a regular service between practicable and reasonable, should be carried We take this opportunity of congratulating (Combined) Insurance out without consultation as to the whys and ratings A. Smith and Simmonds on their success Sydney, Auckland and Wellington. wherefores. in the Signals examination, and Petty Officer BE PATRIOTIC Brer-nan on his success in the P.T.I. test. May Once the respect and obedience of Cadets is All information from Insure Australian Property in an Australian gained most of the battle is over. Given the they continue to keep up the good work, forging ahead in the interests of the unit. proper instruction, the example of an efficient Insurance Company UNION STEAM SHIP CO. OF Ni LTD. Once more we close with our signal, "All's and interested Officer, and a strict adherence to (Incorporated in NX) the training instructions issued from Head- well at 'V.T.D.'" quarters, there is no reason why the Sea Cadet Head Office : 247 GEORGE STREET. SYDNEY 'Phone: B767I Corps should not be the finest and best dis- ciplined youth movement in Australia. APPOINTMENTS AND PROMOTIONS 117 Pin STREET :: SYDNEY "Victory" Training Division KELSO KING, Managing Director UNION "VICTORY" TRAINING DEPOT Name Rating Advanced to LINE By L. R. V. SMITH, O. in C. D. Brennan P.O. P.T.I. 2nd Class A few notes on the activities of "Victory." G. Smith O.Sig. Signalman The depot has been out of routine to a certain —. Simmonds O.Sig. Signalman extent, nevertheless we have kept our new IXL Products entries and junior ratings hard at it. On Sun- Manly Training Division THE STAFF OF LIFE . . . day, the 10th June, two Officers and forty rat- H.JONES 6- CO ings attended a Memorial Service at All Saints' N. Grimes A.B. P.T.I. is a IXL JAMS Church, Cammeray. After the Service we —. Nivison LSea. P.T.I. marched back to depot, quite a long distance, STURDIER STAFF but, I may say, the lads stood up to it well, Woolwich Training Division IXL CANNED and the parade was an added advertisement for R. Croskill A/P.O. A/P.O. Writer if spread with FRUITS us. B. Edwards A.B. A/Leading Shipwright On Sunday, the 25th June, forty-six ratings I. White A.B. A/Leading Shipwright IXL TOMATO and three Officers attended a Church Service at K. Fry Ord.Sea. A/Officers' Steward NORCO BUTTER SAUCE Garden Island, together with other units of the B. Almeida A.B. A/Officers' Steward Corps. We are indebted to the Service for their IXL BAKED kindness in providing transport to and from the Be sure to ask for ... BEANS Island and for an excellent Church Service. We have three Church Parades booked up for REMEMBER OUR ADVERTISERS 1 IXL SPAGHETTI July, also two Special Parades. We are there- We ask you to keep In mind the firms Plain & Curried fore looking forward to another busy month. advertising their products In the Journal. A Social was held by the Welfare Committee These are the people whose co-operation at the Depot on Saturday, the 24th June. It has made the production of your magazine IXL DICED was very well attended, and everyone appeared possible, and you will do both the Journal FRUIT SALAD and the Navy League a service by consult- to enjoy themselves; so we feel assured of good ing them for your various requirements. attendances at regular socials which I under- And, In doing so, please mention— # AUSTRALIA'S BEST stand the Committee are arranging. As funds were almost completely expended in carrying "THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL" "THE BUTTER OF PERFECTION" ALL IXL PRODUCTS ARE out necessary work, the Committee are now QUALITY PRODUCTS 14 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL 18 August,. 1939 The Navy League Cockatoo Docks & N.S.W. Branch GLOBEX Engineering Co. Pty. Ltd. Patron: (BEEF EXTRACT) His Excellency The Governor of N.S.W., The Lord Wakehurst, K.C.M.G. Contractors to . . . President: H.M. AUSTRALIAN NAVY Rear Admiral J. B. Stevenson, C.M.G. Executive Committee: Sludge A. P. Backhouse, M.A. (Chairman) Ship-builders, Marino & General Engineers Sir Kelso King, S.S.D. Captain M.B.R. Blackwood, D.S.O., R.N. Commander F.W. Hixson, O.B.E., C. M. C. Shannon S.S.D. W. A. Mackay Inquiries invited A. Consett Stephen T. H. Silk, M.I.C.E., M.I.N.A. For appetising flavour, strength - building Sir Thomas Gordon, Kt. J. L. Milson nourishment and economy in use . . . you Commander S. W. Spain Captain W. W. Beale, O.B.E. (Mil.) can't beat GLOBEX. It contains the full strength and concentrated essence of the COCKATOO ISLAND Commander J. Patrick, R.D.R.A.N.R. S. Cooper, S.S.D. primest beef and it is made in a second. Hon. Treasurers: Hon. Secretary: Try it for soups, gravies, nourishing beef tea. end it makes really delicious sandwiches . . . SYDNEY Sir Kelso King, S.S.D. C. M. C. Shannon Commander F. W. Hixson, O.B.E. S.S.D. but spread it thinly. • Hon. Auditors: Secretary and Editor of Journal: Phone: W 1941 (10 lines) Robertson, Crane and Gibbons Alan Hill, Master Mariner Obtainable from all Chemists and Stores in I. 2, 4 and 8 ox. jars or 4 and 8 ox. containers.

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AUGUST! NEWCASTLE ALSO Down through the centuries August has ever m transpired since the Peace of Versailles, the ROOFING TILES been dangerous month on the continent of v practical side of the quotation seems to be open Europe. to doubt. We can by no means reassure our- In modern days this fateful period marks selves that the peace which b^s followed the FLOORING TILES mobilization time on the Continent. With the signing of the treaty ratified in Paris on Janu- harvest reaped and gathered from the fields, ary 13th, 1920, has been a "good peace" as far with granaries and storehouses full of provender as world stability is concerned. Prices and Particulars from the Company's and and supplies, Continental armies are, as the August 31st, 1921, marked the official end Distributors : popular phrase has it, "fighting fit" and ready of the Great War and the commencement of to move on the Autumn manoeuvres. For the real efforts at rehabilitation, to beat swords SEWERAGE PIPES Gods of War, August in Europe is an auspicious into ploughshares, and to render Democracy period; a time liable to give them opportunities safe for all time. Now, twenty-five years after Bullivant's Australian of carrying on their blood-stained trade. the commencement of the Great War, Europe Co. Pty. Ltd. Twenty-five years ago, Germany took advant- stands once again on the brink of the precipice age of the month of August and the extremely of world conflict. Undeniably this sorry state 331 KENT STREET convenient military period it embraced to toss of affairs has been brought about by those a match onto a powder train that set the world powers belonging to what is termed the Rome- Berlin Axis. SYDNEY WALKER. BENSON PTY. ablaze, commencing the greatest era of carnage ever known. A little over four years later Ger- Significantly, August again comes into the LIMITED many and her allies, beaten to their knees, sorry picture, for twelve months ago Germany armies shattered, and fleets either sunk or ren- was prepared to again bring the temples of J. R. Reid & Sens civilization crashing about the ears of peace- MERRYLANDS ROAD dered harmless, sued for peace. hungry peoples. That action was prevented by Benjamin Franklin, American patriot, scien- 401-403 KENT STREET the signing of yet another pact Many claim MERRYLANDS tist, and statesman, after experiencing the hor- that we of Britain, together with our allies, lost rors of the American Revolution, stated that SYDNEY face by that agreement, yet one cannot deny its "There never was a good war or a bad peace." good intentions. That arrangement was to end In the ethical sense one must agree with Frank- Phonos: UW 9936 (2 Lines) lin; but judging by the events which have ((Continued Overleaf)

August, 1939 1 war by aggression, and to settle international differences by peaceful arbitration and confer- SEAS, SAILORS AND SHIPS ence. But faith in the word of the Axis powers has been rudely shaken by their attitude since By ALAN HILL the signing of the Munich Appeasement Plan. Visit the Orient ... Czechoslovakia and Albania have fallen beneath the heel of ruthless aggressors. Poland, Yugo- From the gigantic "Queen Elizabeth," now downfall. Later Gades (or Cadiz, as we now slavia and Rumania have for months past been for Glamour, Romance, Charrr. hearing completion, it is a far cry back to the know it), Alexandria, and even Carthage itself wondering when it will be their turn to face a fire-hollowed logs which our prehistoric ancest- fell to the Roman conqueror. land-grasping attacker. And so we arrive at ors used in their hazardous off-shore trips. When Julius Caesar invaded England in 55 August, 1939; what will it hold for us? A-O Line gives you the last word in comfort end Through the ages inquisitive man has always B.C. he transported twelve thousand men across been tempted to seek that which lay below the the Channel in eighty galleys. But eighteen One thing is certain in an uncertain world— interest on a Holidey trip to the East. Monthly farthest horizon. And so, like other forms of shiploads of cavalry lagged behind the main one fact encourages Britain and her allies to sailings by the British Steamers CHANGTE" and transport, marine travel evolved in gradual fleet, and when at last they arrived off that take heart: Twelve months ago the Empire was "TAIPING" provide excellent accommodation, stages from the raft and coracle to the point famous landing pla:e near Sandwich, a gale in a state of unpreparedness. To-day it is not I both First and Second Class, end elso Private where the ship first took shape. drove them back to the French shores. Un- And what is perhaps the most comforting Suites. See Austrelia's showground of marine life; In the pre-Christian era the craft most fa- aware of the dangerous tides in the Straits of thought that can come to us at this present the Barrier Reef end Thursday Island on the wey voured, both for war and commerce, was the Dover, many of Caesar's galleys, drawn up on critical stage is the news that, even as this to HONG KONG, CHINA, JAPAN and the galley. This vessel was propelled by oars, sails the beaches, were swamped by high spring Journal goes to Press, the British Home Fleet is PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. or a combining of both. It was a wonderful ship, tides. On the second invasion of Britain, Caesar steaming north for Invergordon and Rosyth, handy and fast even for those days; and from once again had to fight the tides, and his fleet just as the Grand Fleet steamed for Scottish the early galley two types developed: The war of eight hundred galleys gave his legionaires waters twenty-five years ago. Truly the Navy is galley, long and narrow, utilizing both sails and enough work to keep them busy for ten days ready and oars, the latter for that extra burst of speed and nights pulling the heavy craft clear of the swirling tides. One hundred years later Ro- KEEPING WATCH! required when pursuing—or fleeing from—an adversary, and for the greater manoeuvreability mans were back again, this time to stay, and THE EDITOR. First Class when engaged at close quarters. The trading the Emperor Agricola sent galleys from the galley was of beamier construction to carry Firth of Forth to sail around the northern Scot- Return Fare to Japan £90 cargo, and relied almost solely on her sails, oars tish shore, to prove that Britain was an island. being only used in calms. Return Fare to Hong Kong £76 The next phase in this saga of the sea was the For a thousand years the merchant nation of (NO EXCHANGE) discovery by the Arabs that steady winds—the Phoenicia led the world in trade and seafaring— monsoons—could be relied on to blow ships from and the Phoenicians kept their sea-secrets to Arabia to India and return. It was even re- themselves! At first they found themselves ported that men had come by sea from China blocked at the western end of the Mediterranean to Arabia. by the Pillars of Hercules, by which title the Then savants commenced mapping the known, Obtain full particulars, itinerary, etc. ancients knew the Atlantic entrance to the and often the unknown, world. At this stage the Middle Sea. It took courage to venture past leading cartographer was undoubtedly Claudius from Calpe—our modern Gibraltar*—for beyond it lay Ptolemaeus—or Ptolemy, a Greek mathema- the unknown River Ocean. tician of Alexandria, who charted not only earth At last Phoenicians forced their courage—and and ocean, but the heavens as well. Ptolemy's their ships—past the Pillars of Hercules, ever world map indicated that it was possible to sell A-O. LINE seeking new markets for their wares. They far west beyond the Pillars of Hercules, straight Patrick Steamers ... sailed to Gaul, across to Cornwall, to the Tin across the terrible River Ocean to Asia. (Incorporated in Hong Kong) Islands, and the Baltic. Incidentally, the Tin Ship by Patrick Steamers and ba n, helped to bring about Carthage's (Continued Overleaf)

i THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL October, 1939 3 in different forms, building long boats which Hinde." Drake's ship was some seventy-five they called "Keels." They manufactured iron feet long, with a beam of nineteen feet, and a A SON OF AUSTRALIA weapons, and started on the ruthless raids nine feet draft, and weighed in the vicinity of which, in England, forced King Alfred to lay one hundred tons. By E. COUSINS down the first ships of the British Navy. The secrets of the Pacific were safely kept Tremendous impetus was given to navigation until well into the eighteenth century. But with by the Arabs, again in the forefront of nautical the advent of better charts and instruments, Sydney can claim with a great deal of pride young Captain Dumaresq was promoted to the science, by their use of the compass. It was not those secrets were bound to be revealed. The that it is the birthplace of a man who has made rank of Commodore 1st Class, flying his broad long before western navigators were also util- astrolabe had long given way to the backstaff, not only Australian, but Empire, Naval history. pennant from H.M.A.S. "Australia." It must izing it in their efforts to solve the sea's and this in turn was superseded by Hadley's re- have been a proud day for Commodore Du- riddles. Again, the invention of the cannon led flecting quadrant of 1730, which in itself was In the harbour-side Sydney suburb of Rose maresq when, on Sunday, 15th June, 1919, Aus- to great ship changes; as a consequence vessels the forerunner of the modern sextant. Even Bay, in a beautiful old home that has since tralia's own flagship and her first Australian- became much larger. Indeed, jumping ahead to more important than this invention was the been converted into a college, John Saumarez born Commodore arrived in Sydney. Two years Tudor times, the "Great Harry," a super-dread- reliable chronometer, evolved by John Harrison, Dumaresq was born on 26th October, 1873. At later Australia had her own Rear-Admiral, for nought built for Henry VIII, was over one thou- between 1725 and 1Y61. Until the advent of a an early age his parents took him home to Commodore Dumaresq was raised to that rank, sand tons burthen. reliable machine for measuring time, ship-mast- England. Following a strong inclination he en- thus becoming the first Australian to command tered the Royal Navy at the age of 12, thus Still in the forefront of marine science, the ers' longitudes and distances were, in the main, the Royal Australian Navy. This post he held starting a great, but what was, unfortunately, Arabs used the astrolabe, an instrument for de- a matter of guesswork. Latitudes were obtain- from 1919 to 1922. to be too brief, a career. termining positions of the sun, moon and stars. able with a fair degree of accuracy, but longi- Once again Europeans followed in the wake of tudes—and thereby distances—were often out Although Rear-Admiral Dumaresq was a by many degrees, and hundreds of miles. Now Passing through various grades of the Service, strict disciplinarian, he was very popular with sons of the Prophet, and adopted the astrolabe, his aptitude brought him under the notice of and Henry the Navigator, of Portugal, founded this source of error, a lack of accurate time, was his subordinates, and indeed, loved by all who checked by the chronometer. Navigation began Authority, and at an early age he was created knew him, for his kind and cheerful disposition. his famous school of navigation and an obser- Lieutenant, and commenced the specialization in vatory at Sagres, near Cape St. Vincent. to reach the status of an exact science. He took a keen interest in sailing, and entered torpedo work and gunnery, which was to make in many of the 18ft. skiff races on Sydney Har- Columbus, the Genoese, was convinced that The supreme navigator of the eighteenth cen- him famous. bour on Saturday afternoon. Ptolemy's maps held more than a modicum of tury in the Pacific was undoubtedly Captain John Dumaresq's special abilities seemed to truth, and that men could sail west from Europe James Cook, who, in addition to his Australa- His last notable exploit took place when he lie along the lines of inventing gear to improve without falling over the edge of the world. So, sian discoveries, re-discovered many islands was proceeding to New Zealand aboard his flag- the current system of gunnery, and he devised under Spanish patronage, he sailed into the un- found, and then "mislaid" by earlier Spanish ship, H.M.A.S. "Melbourne," when, in a terrible several instruments, one in particular—the Du- known to find the route to Asia. But the and Dutch navigators. storm in the Tasman, "Melbourne" picked up an maresq Range Finder—calculated to improve Americas blocked him; in 1492, with his three For long the power of armed sailing ships was S.O.S. from the sinking American schooner, gun fire control, and for determining the rate tiny ships, Columbus made land at what is now a settling factor in world affairs. Horatio Nelson "Helen B. Stirling," and proceeded to effect a of movement of enemy ships. His inventions known as Watling Island, in the Bahamas. Other thwarted the ambition of Napoleon decisively spectacular and gallant rescue. That exploit proved invaluable during the war. navigators followed in his wftke until, by Papal at Trafalgar, and so upset the plans of one who has been written up in detail in an earlier issue could justly be claimed as the greatest Euro- decree, the New World was divided between On 31st Hay, 1916, then a Captain, he took of the Journal. 1'can conqueror since Julius Caesar. Spain and Portugal. But still the great riddle, part in the famous action of Jutland, aboard the westabout route to the Orient, remained Early in the nineteenth century, both in his ship H.M.S. "Shannon." For his part in the After commanding the Royal Australian Navy unsolved. Vasco de Gama reached India via Scotland and the United States of America, an battle he was created a C.B. for three years, during which time he brought the Cape of Good Hope but not by a westerly apparatus was being perfected which would the Fleet to a high standard of efficiency, the route. still farther bind ocean in the chains of man's In February, 1917, he took command of young Rear-Admiral left for England by way of Less than thirty years after Columbus dis- ingenuity. This development also sounded the H.M.A.S. "Sydney," thus becoming associated for Japan, aboard T.S.S. "Tango Maru." Near the coveries, a Portuguese navigator, Ferdinand death-knell of what could justly be called one the first time with the young Navy of his native Philippine Islands Rear-Admiral Dumaresq took Magellan, serving a foreign master, was killed of the most beautiful of man's creations—the land. Whilst aboard "Sydney," Captain Du- seriously ill. He was taken ashore at Manila to in the Phiippines; but his fleet — or, rather, sailing ship; for it was the advancement of steam maresq brought into being the first revolving the American Military Hospital. After a valiant what was left of it—the "Victoria," completed marine propulsion in Scotland and the States platform for carrying aircraft aboard light fight for life, Rear-Admiral John Sumarez Du- the first circumnavigation of the globe. Mean- that brought about the service which finally cruisers. It seems fitting that H-M..A.S. "Syd- maresq passed away on 22nd July, 1922. He while, Balboa, the Spaniard, sighted a huge ex- drove the racing white wings from the seven ney" had the honour of being the first to be was buried at Manila. seas. equipped with this modern adjunct to Naval panse of sea from a hill on the isthmus of Paraphrasing the poet, we can say that Rear- Panama. He called that stretch of ocean the warfare. The first steamer to cross the Atlantic was Admiral Dumaresq's resting place will be, not South Sea, but Magellan, sailing acrqss it in fine, the "Savanna," three hundred tons, which took When "Sydney" went up for refit Captain only to his native land, but to the British Em- tropical weather, named it the Pacific Ocean. thirty-one days on the passage. That was in Dumaresq was transferred to the battle cruiser pire, a place "forever Australia." Then came the crushing of the so-called "In- 1819. The next long run of note was the "Repulse." Whilst in command he again earned vincible" Spanish Armada by the English fleet, splendid trip of the little "sail and steamer," distinction with his ship on November 17th, under Howard of Effingham, in 1588. But prior "Sophia Jane," from England to Australia in 1917, at the Second Battle of Heligoland. to that year Francis brake, from 1577 to 1581, 1830. bad sailed round the world with the "Golden (Continued on Page 12) After the signing of the Armistice in 1918, 14 4 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL August,. 1939 THE DOMINIONS AND NAVAL DEFENCE By TAFFRAIL

Is Japan desirous of expanding to the south- terms. In the meanwhile, however, Singapore ward at the expense of Britain, the United and Hong Kong both have their powerful de- States and Holland? That is the question so fenses, and there are cruisers, an aircraft car- far as the Pacific and the Far East are con- rier, destroyers and fifteen submarines on the cerned. China Station. Australia has her five cruisers An answer is difficult. It may be, and prob- and five destroyers, apart from smaller craft. ably is, the fact that Japan is too heavily em- Two Tribal class destroyers are to be built in broiled in, and financially exhausted by, her war replacement of older vessels, while twelve motor in China to encourage adventures further afield. torpedo-boats are to be provided. Darwin is be- It may be that the simple presence of an over- ing developed as a base, and naval personnel is whelming United States fleet in the Pacific, and being increased. the lack of knowledge of America's intentions, New Zealand, with her two cruisers, is also is sufficient to act as a deterrent to any attack taking every possible means to co-operate in the upon Hong Kong, the Philippines, Borneo, the naval defence of the Empire. Her population is Dutch East Indies, the various island groups small and money very tight; but she is doing north of Australia and New Zealand, and those all she can. two Dominions themselves. What needs to be emphasized, however, is Nevertheless, Japan is a member of the so- that a dispersed force totalling a dozen cruisers, called Anti-Comintern Pact, Which is not so an aircraft carrier, eighteen destroyers and much aimed by its originators at Russia as fifteen submarines, some of them minelayers, un- against the British Empire. In the event of a located and undefeated, would greatly influence war in which Germany and Italy are both im- a stronger enemy's freedom of movement, and plicated, Japan might be tempted to consolidate exercise a considerable deterrent effect upon any her position in South China by attempting the Japanese adventures far to the southward. seizure of Hong Kong. That would make her Jipan's trade and her lines of communication to our enemy. the north would be under constant threat of Apart from any local naval forces, the best interruption. One remembers the naval effort guarantee against aggression for Australia, New required to deal with Admiral Graf Spee's Zealand and India, as well as for Hong Kong, squadron, and isolated raiders like the "Emden" the Dutch East Indies and the islands in the and "Konigsberg." Indeed, one can imagine the Pacific, is undoubtedly a squadron of capital Japanese having to dissipate their naval effort ships, with their attendant cruisers, aircraft by running most of their trade in strongly carriers, destroyers and submarines, based upon escorted convoys. A single group of mines laid Singapore. It was for this very purpose that off a Japanese port would also result in an ex- the Singapore Naval Base was created. The tensive minesweeping service, while an aid raid site was chosen because it lies on the fl-nk of on one of her crowded cities would reverberate the important trade route to Australia and New through the country. Zealand. It covers the Indian Ocean, as well as the Dominions and islands further north and More aircraft are being provided, and anti- east. Isolated raids are always possible; but no submarine bases erected. Apart from all this, enemy could launch an invasion involving long military measures have been taken, munition lines of communication with an undefeated factories erected, and a large-scale organisation British fleet based upon Singapore, thoueh developed, whereby the whole industrial re- actually operating from a temporary base fur- sources of the nation can be used for purposes of ther north and east. defence. A total programme of £70,000,000 spread over three years is a truly magnificent Thanks to treaty limitations and battleship effort for a population of fewer than 7,000,000 holidays we may not be able for some years to people scattered over a huge and largely water- station a fleet in the Far East capable of en- gaging the Japanese on approximately equal (Continued Overleaf1

August, 1939 7 less continent. Australia is proceeding ener- the coast of British Columbia. getically, though her final security against The Royal Canadian Navy consists of six des- SERVICE IN AN ARMED MERCHANT aggression must depend chiefly upon that troyers, three on each coast, with some mine- British Fleet based upon Singapore. sweepers of the trawler type. Roughly 50 per CRUISER If the Far East may at present be considered cent, of Canada's total trade is sea-borne, this something of a danger spot from the point of percentage including some of the trade with the By COMMANDER E. F. McLEOD, R.N.R. view of the naval defence of the British Empire, United States. All of this would require pro- Japan, influenced by her poverty and exhaus tection in war. Esquimault, in the west, and At the beginning of 1915 the Tenth Cruiser complete with stores, ammuntion, and everything tion, and by the attitude of the United'states Halifax, in the east, are 6,000 miles apart by Squadron, consisting wholly of armed merchant else necessary for a man-of-war, and the ship's on the one side and of Russia on the other, is way of the Panama Canal, which means over steamers under Royal Navy captains, was formed company had more or less "shaken down" to undoubtedly the Achilles' heel of the Anti- fourteen days steaming at twenty knots with- for the purpose of taking over from the Grand routine. Our sailing orders were received, and Comintern Pact. With so much against her, it out allowing for delays. Naval forces cannot Fleet cruisers the task of patrolling the trade off we went on our first patrol. seems more than probable that she would not be moved from one ocean to the other by a routes north of Scotland. It eventually num- The writer was appointed senior watch-keeper come in on the side of Germany and Italy. stroke of the pen, which means that defence bered twenty-four ships, and was for long com- and intelligence and boarding officer. As senior manded by Rear-Admiral (later Sir Dudley) de watch-keeper he had to arrange the watches on India has undertaken to maintain a sea-going systems may have to be provided both in the Atlantic and Pacific. Chair, well-known after the war as Governor the bridge; at times changes had to be made fleet of six modern escort vessels, though many of New South Wales. One of the ships of the in the roster when an officer was detailed to take more would be required if a convoy system had It would seem that Canada's naval require- squadron was the 4,000-ton "Digby," of the a suspected ship into base in charge of an armed to be established in the Indian Ocean. Beyond ments can best be summed up by saying she Furness Withy line, and it is with her later guard. As intelligence officer he had charge of improving the coast defences of Cape Town and requires harbours immune against submarines service, during 1916-18, that this article is chiefly the cyphers and codes and the secret and con- Durban by the mounting of 15-inch for the exist- and protected against attack by surface raiders, concerned. fidential books. The signal and wireless depart- ing guns; establishing gun defences for Port together with a considerable number of fast In a eulogy of the Tenth Cruiser Squadron, the ments were also under him, and he was the chief Elizabeth and East London; and forming a escort, anti-submarine and patrol craft with a censor on board. For the work of coding and Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve with bases at late Sir Julian Corbett wrote (in his third volume backing of heavier ships for the protection of of the British Official Naval History): "Un- decoding messages and of censoring letters he the four ports mentioned, the Union of South trade. Her potential reserves of naval man had the assistance of two R.N.V.R. officers and Africa, however, undertakes little in the way of deterred by incessant gales, in all but continuous power would also be of the greatest utility in darkness as the (winter) season advanced, and two ratings, and when a press of work was on. direct naval defence. This naval apathy is to the event of war if they were earmarked before- the captain's clerk also assisted. be regretted. It is hardly conceivable to visualise blinded with snow and fog, they held their hand in some sort of national register. ground. Uncomplaining and vigilant, the mer- a war in which South Africa could stand aloof ((}onti.:urd on I'tlgc 16) from Britain. As said General Smuts in De- Newfoundland, a separate Dominion, formerly chant seamen and officers who manned the ships cember last, nobody in South Africa can do a had its own Royal Naval Reserve. With its kept their grip on the enemy's throat with no less more serious disservice than to make it possible large proportion of fishermen, many of whom spirit and resource than their comrades in the fbr the country to be deprived of the protection are now unemployed, it seems wasteful and un- fleet." BIRT & COMPANY of the Royal Navy in the event of war. imaginative that some form of R.N.R. cannot At the end of 1915 the squadron was osten- be re-established. sibly at least "no longer a purely British force." [PTY.] LIMITED In view of the fact that the route round the —"NAVY" On November 5 the American Government had Cape of Good Hope would attain vital import- delivered a protest against our blockade in 4 BRIDGE STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W. ance in the event of the Mediterranean becom- stronger terms than they had hitherto used. As P.O. BOX 544 B.. G.P.O. ing impossible for merchant shipping; because, a counter-move it was thought desirable to also, South Africa is within reach of submarines demonstrate that the doctrine of legitimate re- Also at 64 EAGLE STREET, BRISBANE from Europe, the Union, which depends in no OBITUARY striction of neutral trade upon which we were small measure on its overseas trade, would do acting was not confined to ourselves. France MUSGRAVE COLD STORES. MUSGRAVE well to consider the provision of anti-submarine was ready to endorse it openly by showing her WHARF, SOUTH BRISBANE. defences and vessels, together with escort It is with deep regret that the Journal flag in the blockading forces, and as she had no vessels and minesweepers. As the Great War announces the passing of the Chairman ship available for the purpose, it was arranged Shipping and General Agents most clearly proved, no really efficient services of the N.S.W. Branch of the Navy that one of the squadron should be transferred. Agonts In Australia for: of this nature can be improvised at short notice. League, His Honour Judge A. P. Back- The "Digby" was accordingly sent down to Brest, house, M.A. Foderal-Branch Service I have recently returned from Canada, where and after receiving a French crew and commis- Federal Steam Navigation Co. Ltd., London He ms associated with the Navy sion, rejoined the squadron as the "Artois." The New Zealand Shipping Co. Ltd., London the reports of a submarine sighted off Halifax, League from its inception in Sydney in American and Australian Line, New York Nova Scotia, in April occasioned some perturba- 1917, and occupied the Chair of the Some months later the "Artois" was taken Osaka Syosen Kaisya tion. The reports, like many of those during Executive Committee of the Navy over from the French and recommissioned with Swedish Australia Line the war. were devoid of truth. Nevertheless, if a British crew, still retaining, however, her Swedish-Pacific Australia Direct Line League, New Sooth Wales Branch, from Australind S.S. Co. Ltd., London hostilities came, it is perfectly possible for 1924 to the date of his death. French name. A tremendous ^mount of work has to be done in commissioning a ship. The Montreal Australia New Zealand Line Ltd. enemy submarines to cross the Atlantic and re- Pacific Islands Transport Line In the passing of Judge Backhoose station bill has to be made—a lengthy bill de- turn without refuelling, and to attack shipping the Navy League loses more than a off the east coast of Canada and America with tailing all the members of the ship's company to Cargo "nd Passenger Services to United Kingdom, Conti- friend. different posts, such as fire stations, gun posi- nental, U.S.A., Pacific and Eastern Ports. Full particulars gun-fire, torpedoes and mines. The same applies • furnished on application. to Japanese submarines crossing the Pacific to tions, etc. In due course, the "Artois" was 14 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL August,. 1939 9 SEA CADET MOTES

WOOLWICH TRAINING DIVISION with 10/- second, and 5/- third, for the best dressed rating in the month of September, and all hands are looking to their kits in the hope By H. COLLISON, O. IN C. of pulling off one of the prizes. The Division is training hard for the Fairfax "Warrego" depot has an apology to make for Banner, so with all due respect we must say, omitting to forward notes for last month's "Watch your step, North Sydney and Manly!" Journal. However, the Division was so busy with its various activities that the truth must Mr. Farr, our very capable Chief Officer, has be confessed. We forgot them! However, we inculcated a splendid spirit of discipline and co- hope to combine a little of last month's notes operation into the Division, wth the result that with our doings for the current month. we have got into the swing of our new routine, and are forging steadily ahead, making up past During the King's Birthday week-end the leeway. It is unfortunate that Mr. Farr is only Division camped at Manly Training Division's on loan to this Division. When the day comes depot, and a splendid time was had by all hands. for him to leave us there will be all-round re- The only thing that marred what was an other- gret. wise perfect week-end was the noise of the Woolwich sadly feels the lack of a Second waves striking the rocks outside the building. Officer, and would appreciate offers from any However, we can excuse our lack of rest on gentlemen with the requisite capabilities and this account, as it is a poor sailor who likes to enthusiasm, to assist in training the Division. hear the noise of the sea on stones near his It must be impressed that the latter qualifica- ship. One point arose concerning the identity tion, enthusiasm, is vital. of a Petty Officer who used approximately ten blankets. It is assumed that he must have been On July 22nd the Senior Officer, and Inspee- afraid of "Frost." ing Officer, visited the depot and reported con- On 1st July a review was held at "Warrego," ditions satisfactory. This does not fill the bill and Manly paid us a return visit, putting on a as far as Woolwich is concerned, and we will splendid display for the benefit of our visitors. take extra care to see that, on the occasion of The parade was inspected by the Reverend the next inspection, the report will be "ex- Stephen Taylor and Mr. Martin, and the cadets cellent". were very highly praised for their smartness. The Division's thanks are due to the keen interest taken in its progress by Mr. Holloway, The local scouts also attended, and beat us in a new Committeeman. On parade Saturday two pulls out of three in a tug-of-war. As a afternoons Mr. Holloway is to be found some- further demonstration of their sportsmanship where in the background, noting everything with they challeneged the Division to a rowing race. a critical, but kindly eye. It is evident that Needless to say, we accepted. his mind is running on the question of improv- On Sunday, 2nd July, Woolwich attended its ing the general standing of the Division, and initial Church Parade at St. John's Church, we appreciate his helpful criticism and sound Woolwich. An impressive sermon was given by advice. the Reverend Stephen Taylor. Now for our final, but by no means least im- The present strength of the Division is two portant piece of news. We State with a great Officers and twenty-seven ratings. The main deal of pride that late Leading Seaman P. thine that concerns us just now is that our depot Phillipe has succeeded in entering the Royal is sadly in need of a coat of paint. But we hope Australian Navy. Good luck Paul, and con- to remedy that as soon as a small financial gratulations. We hope that in the years to come breeze is raised. We have rigged up a quarter- you will be spqfting the broad gold band and deck, that we flatter ourselves is extremely curl on the sleeve of your uniform jacket. neat, and it certainly makes all the difference to the appearance of the depot Therefore, in conclusion we report: "Both engines full ahead aboard 'Warrego'." Mr. Martin, well-known naval outfitter of Sydney, has donated a silver cup for first prize, (Continued on Page 12)

10 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL July, 1939 MANLY TRAINING DIVISION of the unit and intends to report to the depot V,. when his ship returns to Sydney in about six By G. H. SMITH, O. IN C. months. The unit will be attending a Service at St. The Division is in the happy position of be- John's Church of England, Milson's Point, on "KEEP It'A TCI I" ing able to state that it should have its new Sunday, 29th August, at which we hope to re- whaler for the summer season. We have now new our acquaintance with members of the Aus- made a start on our boatshed and extensions to tralian Air League, whom we have invited ti the depot, and would like to take this oppor- be present with us. tunity of thanking Mr. Barton for the assistance We were inspected by the Senior Officer, Cap- r 1 he has given the Division in this respect. tain Blackwood, on Saturday, the 8th, and were *4&&• i "(Block by courtesy "Daily Telegraph") The Committee's and the Younger Set's erforts happy to be able to show him the cutter under are also greatly appreciated, for they have put way. A complimentary report on the result of in some really splendid work. his visit came through, and we hope that WP On 29th July the Inspecting Officer, N.L.S.C.C., can do even better the next time. paid us a surprise visit, and mentioned the fact Once again we can report "All well at V.T.D." that we had improved a great deal since his • • • last visit. The Inspecting Officer took Leading Seaman Nivison and Acting Petty Officer Kent "SEAS, SAILORS AND SHIPS" for examination for Petty Officer, and both In 1838 the Cunard Company secured a passed well. government mail contract, and entered the At- A social was held at the depot recently, and lantic trade with four wooden paddle steamers. a splendid time was enjoyed by everybody, and A few years later came the famous "Great prizes, kindly donated by Chief Constable Eastern." In these days of huge luxury ships Grimes and Mrs. Soars, were distributed. it is worthy of note that even in the 'fifties of Our squad in the Royal Life Saving Society's last century a ship was built which, for size Resuscitation Class have very nearly complclrd and tonnage, is surpassed by comparatively few the course, and will be examined very shortly. modern ships. The "Great Eastern" was a MARTINS We hope (and are confident) that all hands will failure. She was six hundred and ninety-two pass. feet long, with a beam of eighty-three feet, and Naval Outfitters In conclusion, we report: "All shipshape her tonnage was 22,500. She was equipped with aboard. four funnels, six masts, paddlewheels, and a (Established 20 years) screw propellor. Brunei, the great engineer, "VICTORY" TRAINING DEPOT and John Scott Russell, a noted naval architect, 1st FLOOR were jointly responsible for this maritime freak. 176 GEORGE ST. NORTH By L. R. V. SMITH, O. IN C. The launching of "Great Eastern" was a fiasco; she stuck on the ways, and did not shift (Near Quay) Or, Sunday, 9th July, three officers and thirty to the water until three months later. After ratings from V.T.D. attended a Church Parade spending £600,000 on the ship, it cost another "The Navy League Store" at the Presbyterian Church, Glebe, at the in- £120,000 to float her, and the original company, Makers of regulation uniforms as vitation of Glebe Division of the St. John's Am- under financial .stress, sold her for £160,000. In supplied to the Navy League Sea bulance Brigade. Considering that it was a wet 1840 she made her first Atlantic crossing with Cadet Corps since its inception thirty-six passengers! Proving an utter failure day, the muster was quite satisfactory and the in N.S.W. parade was very successful. in the Atlantic trade, she was converted into a "Victory's" cutter is running quite smoothly cable ship, in which capacity she did good ser- since minor defects in her engine have been re- vice. Later she was sold as a coal hulk at paired. The Division is still receiving a number Gibraltar, and finally was broken up on the Complete Uniforms, including Suit, of new recruits, due, in all probability, to pub- Mersey in 1888. Cap, Ribbon Collar, Landyard, licity received by the number of appearances be- And so, down through the years, man has Silk, Front. fore the public eye in the past few months. striven to conquer the sea. To a great extent, No. 2 Serge £2/5/- We would like to thank Mrs. Stewart for her in the light of modern marine achievements, he No. I Serge, with cuffs £2/12/6 generous donation of an electric jug for the seems to have done so. Still, there lies that benefit of the unit. We would also like to wish element of chance in dealing wtih the sea; and : her son "Bon Voyage" on his first trip in h s while man is man, ships are ships, and ocean is Official Outfitters to the chosen career as a Merchant Service Officer. It ocean, the endless conflict will go on, provid- is pleasing to note that Petty Officer Stewart ing interesting, thrilling, and often sorrowful Navy League Sea Cadet Corps has expressed a wish to remain on the strength stories of ships, sailors and the sea.

THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL 13 1 U.S.A. MAVAIj NOTES from OTHER LANDS It is stated that in the two 45,000-ton battle- YOU CAN BE ASSURED OF A GOOD ships of the 1939 programme, the increased dis- placement will be largely absorbed by increased DRINK by visiting engine and boiler power, to give the ships con- recently purchased has been named "Spree" and Argentina siderably greater speed than the 28 knots for attached to the Submarine Training Establish- The British-built cruiser "La Argentina," which the six 35,000 ton ships of the "Washing- ment. AARON'S EXCHANGE wnich was delivered to the Argentine Navy ton" class are understood to have been designed. The ex-Austrian motor launches of the early this year, was specially designed for ser- Other warships to be begun under this pro- "Enns" type, on the Danube, have been re-rated HOTEL vice as a training cruiser, and has replaced the gramme comprise two cruisers, eight destroyers, as river minesweepers and numbered F.H.R. 1 auxiliary sailing training ship "Presidente Sar- eight submarines, two seaplane carriers and a to 6. miento," built in 1898. repair ship. 1 GRESHAM STREET Italy France The first of the fast light cruisers of the SYDNEY Contracts have been placed for several ships "Regolo" class, the "Giulio Germanico," has • of the 1938 naval construction programme. The been laid down at the Navalmeccanica yard, 18,000 ton aircraft carrier "Painleve" is to be Castellammare. One of the submarines of the built at the Penhoet yard, St. Nazaire, where 1938 programme, the "Alfredo Cappellini," was Only the best brands of Wines and Spirits her sister ship "Joffre" is already in hand. The launched from the Muggiano yard of the Odero- Stocked 1,772 ton destroyers "Intrepide" and "Teme- Terni-Orlando combine near Spezia recently. raire" are to be constructed at the Gironde A GREAT Yard, Bordeaux, and the "Aventurier" and Dining Room Unsurpassed Netherlands • "Opiniatre," of the same tonnage, will be built Both the two new 8,350 ton cruisers are be- AUSTRALIAN - by the Forges et Chantiers de la Mediterranee ing built by the Wilton-Fijenoord firm; they at La Seyne. will be named "De Zeven Provinciem," and "Kijj- The 1,000 ton torpedo boats "L'Alsacien," "Le luin." "Heemskerck" is the name that will Sir Hubert Wilkins K. F. WOOLDRIDGE, Manager Breton," "Le Corse" and "Le Tunisien" have be given to the second ship of the "Tromp" been ordered, the first pair from the Chantiers type, building by the Nederlandsche Scheeps- By C. E. W. BEAN de Bretagne, Nantes, and the second from the bouw Maatschappij, at Amsterdam. The four Chantiers de la Loire, St. Nazaire. new destroyers of 1,628 tons are to be called Of all Australians who have done great things Progress is being made with the construction "Gerard Challenburg," "Isaac Sweers," "Philips in other countries, Sir Hubert Wilkins is, per- of the 630 ton minesweepers of the "Elan" class, van Almonde" and "Tjerk Hiddes." haps the one who has most consistently of which twenty-two are known to have been Of the seven new armoured gunboats of associated the name of our country with his provided for under various programmes from 1,268 tons, two are being built by P. Smit Jr. achievements overseas. He has led six expedi- W. DYSON & SON 1934 to 1938. The first three were launched and one by Werf Gusto. A small minelayer, of tions in the Arctic or Antarctic, and has been a last year, and so far five appear to have gone 555 tons, has been ordered from N. V. Boele's member of another seven; and in the records afloat in 1939. Scheepwerven, Bolnes. of every one of them that I have seen his Aus- Ironfounders Germany tralian loyalty is emphasised. His principle, as Depot ships continue to be added to the Ger- Poland I remember from a discussion with him during man Fleet. Following the launching of the Two submarines of 1,175 tons have been the war, is something like this: Australia, Soft Iron Cast/ngs "Wilhelm Baure" last December, a sister ship, ordered from Chantiers et Ateliers Augustin necessarily behind the more crowded parts of the "Valdemar Kophamel," took the water re- Normand, Le Havre. The Polish Navy already the world in some branches of progress, is out- • cently. Both are to be parent ships to sub- includes three submarines of Normand design; standing as a democratic factory of men; and, marine flotillas, as will the purchased vessel the "Wilk," "Rys" and "Zbik" (names which by consistently making known the fact that "Erwin Wassner." The "Tanga," completed re- mean wolf, lynx and wild cat, respectively), as they are Australians, those of her sons who cently, will be a depot ship for motor torpedo well as two built recently in the Netherlands, the distinguish themselves elsewhere can help not 'Phone: MA 3914 only to adorn their country's name but to win boats. "Orzel" and "Sep" (eagle and vulture). • The "Samoa," which was acquired and added recognition for the value of her free institutions. to the fleet last year, has been renamed "Mars" Russia Sir Hubert Wilkins' most cherished project on being assigned for duty as a tender to the It is stated officially that the total tonnage of has, ever since the war, been that of securing Gunnery School. The "Johann, Wittfnborg," new warships completed this year would be four tne establishment of a chain of meteorological originally a minesweeper, has been modified for times the average of he past five years. But stations on the Antarctic continent, maintained 267 SUSSEX STREET use as a surveying vessel and renamed "Sunde- 3ince practically no big ships have been com- by Australia and New Zealand, South Africa wall," while a sister ship, the "Hela," has been missioned for the Russian Navy in recent years and South America; but he could secure little SYDNEY renamed "Gazelle." Another minesweeper of except the cruisers "Krasni Kavkaz" in 1934 and support for the scheme here. Some years ago, this type, M.107, is now named "Von der Gro- "Kirov" in 1937, this announcement may not ben" and is doing duty as a tender. A trawler amount to as much as may be imagined. (Continued on Page 18)

14 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL August,. 1939 15 SERVICE IN AN ARMED "Good God, look at that!" received orders to proceed to Halifax to pieic up another convoy. Off she went and commenced MERCHANTMAN—Continued "What, sir, porpoises?" THE STAFF OF LIFE . . . to punch into a head-on gale. Two days later As boarding officer he had to board all ships "Porpoises, you adjectival fool! No—torpe- the heavy buffeting started some rivets on her is a intercepted, and examine them and their papers does! Harda-port!" bow plating, causing her to make water. The to see that all was in order. If he harboured pumps had to be put on, but it got so bad that STURDIER STAFF any doubts about a ship, an armed guard in Fortunately, the "Artois" just got enough when the ship was going full speed into the charge of an officer would be put on board, and swing on her to avoid these deadly missies. The teeth of the gale it was only possible to keep she would be sent into some specified port so writer hung on to the bridge, catching his breath, the water under. Realising that it was not much if spread with that a more thorough examination could be while awaiting the explosion. By a miracle one use to go over to Halifax as a lame duck, and, made. For example, a certain ship was stopped of the torpedoes passed a few feet ahead of the furthermore, that the damage might increase, and boarded and her papers, which showed her ship, the other missing her stern by a like dis- the authorities were communicated with, and we NORCO BUTTER to be loaded with cotton, were apparently all in tance. By this time the alarm had been sounded received instructions to return to Belfast. The order; but the boarding officer, who had had and all hands were at the guns, and it was with damage being temporarily repaired there, we some experience in the cotton trade, told the a feeling of thankfulness that we realized these were ordered to proceed to Glasgow for a refit. Be sure to ask for . . . captain that the steamer should not be down to terrible engines of war had missed us. Had one her marks with such a cargo. He felt there of them hit the ship, the magazines would have On arrival at Glasgow, we found we were in was something else besides cotton in her. An exploded, and this tale would not have been for a big refit. In fact, it took four months to armed guard was therefore placed on board the written. carry out the repairs and alterations and to fit new guns. And, lo and behold! the ship was ship and she was sent into port, where an X-ray The ship was still on the swing, but the writer, fitted with awnings. Many were the conjectures examination disclosed the fact that each bale seeing the wake of the submarine, steamed to- as to where we were going and what we should of cotton contained a slab of copper. Instances wards it. A depth charge was dropped, with have to do, so much so that a sweepstake was like this, however, were uncommon, and as the what result is not known, for there were no got up, but I forget who was the winner. blockade was so successful, few ships tried to signs that the U-boat had been destroyed. elude the vigilance of the patrol. In due course the "Artois" was again like a "THE BUTTER OF PERFECTION" It was a humdrum existence, this continual This patrol went on for some months without new ship, ready to go out and do battle with all patrolling and boarding every vessel seen, often much diversion until, in 1917, America came in and sundry. On opening our sealed orders after in mountainous seas. The only break in the on our side, when we suddenly received orders departure we found we were off to act as ocean monotony was when we began to run short of to proceed to Sydney (Novia Scotia) to escort a escort for convoys formed in ports on the West colli and had to return to a base to replenish our convoy of ships across the Atlantic. Off we African coast. We engaged in this work until supply. Occasionally this had to be done with went, and in due time reached Sydney, where the Armistice, but, apart from several submarine Incorporating avary modern feature, the Union no outside help in some rugged inlet, the slopes our convoy was gathering. We all had a well- attacks on the ship or the convoys, nothing of of which were devoid of habitation. Then, after merited run on shore, and shail never forget the Company's express liner "Awatea" sets a new much note occurred. It is pleasing to record cleaning the ship, we would leave immediately hospitality and kindness of the residents, who that we escorted over 2,000 ships and that not a standard in Trans-Tasnan travel. t.o continue the patrol. Now and again, when a vied with each other to make our visit a pleasant single one was lost. slight refit was necessary, we would put into a one. By this time our concert party and orchestra With a speed of 23 knots the "Awatea" makes the base where there happened to be a town, and it had attained a great degree of efficiency, and To refer again to our concert party. Among was only then that a welcome change came in voyage between Australia and New Zealand in some of the talent was excellent, so we gave the the crew was discovered a scenic artist, who the form of a rim on shore and perhaps a visit to Sydney residents a concert in a theatre on shore, only 24 days. painted scenery for our recreation room; and a theatre or two. Nevertheless, the crowd were and it went down with great approval. two of the officers collaborated and wrote some very happy on board. A concert party was excellent little sketches, which were given at The "Awatea" carries first and tourist cla«s pas- formed, with an orchestra of no mean talent; In due course the convoy—twenty-seven ships in all—was ready to put to sea. The 1st lieu- our concerts. Generally, these took the form of sengers and maintains a regular service between boxing tournaments, etc., also helped to while a sketch during the first half of the programme, away the long periods spent on sea over which tenant of the "Artois" ("No. 1" as he was Sydney, Auckland and Wellington. generally called, or, on the lower deck, "Jimmy and variety during the second half. By this no steam roller had ever been. time we had collected quite a good wardrobe, One morning just about daylight, shortly after the One") having been detailed as "Commodore of the Convoy" on a selected ship, the writer and had erected a stage with footlights, spot- All information from the "Artois" had left Glasgow, where it had lights, etc. And, with the orchestra augmented, undergone a slight refit, the writer was on the temporarily slipped into his shoes on the cruiser until the end of the trip. The dazzle-painted many otherwise tedious hours were whiled away UNION STEAM SHIP CO. OF NX LTD. bridge relieving when the midshipman of the (camouflaged) ships presented a weird sight as with concerts and music. When time permitted, watch said: "What would you do sir, if you saw the entire company gave concerts on shore. (Incorporated in N.Z.) a torpedo making for the ship?" My reply was they zig-zagged like a flock of ducks, keeping station marvellously well. On arriving in English quite off-hand—"Oh, do what is laid down in After the Armistice the "Artois" was ordered 247 GEORGE STREET, SYDNEY Phone: B767I waters we handed over our charge to a destroyer the regulations. If it is before the beam, turn home to pay off, and the whole ship's company, towards it, if abaft the beam, turn away from flotilla, the ships being divided up to proceed to the several ports where they were required. most of whom had been together for over two INIC it." Quite simple! years, were demobilised. Without doubt, she About half-an-hour later the writer saw two After coaling at a base the "Artois" resumed had been one of the happiest ships in the British LINE trails of bubbles making for the ship. its patrol work. Before very long, however, she Navy.—("REVEILLE.") 14 16 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL August,. 1939 SIB HUBERT WILKINS—Continued as an officer of the Australian Flying Corps. Knowing that their wireless would probably North Pole. Like those who were searching His seconding, much against his will, as official however, when he visited Australia, he was at be unheard, they decided to walk to land from the European side, he failed to find any photographer for the A.I.F., is a story too long After several days spent in making sledges from trace in the 170,000 square miles searched, but lunch with Sir Edgeworth David when a to be told here. message was brought in from some newspaper the material of the aeroplane, and packing them at the end of it he, a proclaimed Australian, representatives asking Sir Hubert for an inter- As soon as the war was over he pursued with necessities, they set off. Wilkins taught was accorded a reception such as has been given view. Professor David put his hand on Wilkins' his old ambition—to start Arctic exploration by his companion to make Esquimaux snow huts, perhaps, to no other Britisher in post-war arm: "No, I'll see them," he said, and he gave aeroplane. When with Stefasson he had dis- and kept their footgear wearable, and, when Russia. the reporters a bril iant summary of Wilkins' covered, to his delight, that between the rough they slipped through thin ice, driea their clothes Future Schemes plans, which he endorsed with enthusiasm. ice areas there were spaces as level as the pre- according to the arts of the Esquimaux. In The submarine exploration of the Arctic Since then, in association with the other great pared field of an aerodrome and large enough eighteen days they reached the Alaska shore. Ocean, which Sir Hubert intends to undertake Australian Antarctic leader, Sir Douglas Maw- for 'planes to land on with skis at any speed. His Great Arctic Search in the near future, was not his conception, but son, Wilkins has succeeded in convincing the In the next ten years, generally with his col- Wilkins' air survey in the Antarctic in Novem- originally Stefansson's. That explorer pointed Australian Government of the need for action, league, Eielson, he had broken the back of the ber and December, 1928, is fairly well-known in out that all the knowledge that was still to be and has offered to start the work. In accord- supposed impossibilities of Arctic flying by Australia, as are those of Lincoln Ellsworth, obtained about the Arctic-—as to the depth of ance with his life-long principle, he has prom- aeroplane, just as his colleague, Lincoln whose ship he several times managed. But little the ocean, the life in it, the currents and so ised to Canberra the personal relics of his ex- Ellsworth, with Amundsen and Nobile, did has been heard here of the great flights that he forth—could be obtained far better from below plorations. by airship. Wilkins and Eielson were the undertook in 1937-8 over the Arctic in his the ice than from above it. Wilkins, after fail- first men to land an aeroplane on deep-sea ice, search for the six Russian fliers who disappear- ing to secure backing in England, obtained a His Outstanding Characteristic far from shore, and take off again safely, ed there on 12th August, 1937. Though he had submarine from the American Navy, and sup- they were the first to take a sounding from an Not many Australians have any notion of Sir often to fly through bad weather, he always ported by Lincoln Ellsworth, though against aeroplane landed on ice, when they tested the assured himself first that the weather in the immense difficulties, reached the Arctic with his Hubert Wilkins' explorations, and it would be greatest depth (16,000 feet) ever found in the impossible even to outline them here. But what actual area of the search would be good and submarine and was long enough beneath the polar sea; they were the first to fly an aeroplane clear. The forecasts were only once wrong. His ice to assure himself that the plan was practic- marks them all is his outstanding capacity for a:ross the Arctic from Point Barrow in America overcoming difficulties and avoiding any dis- flights totalled over 44,000 miles—the equivalent able. to Spitsbergen in Europe. Of the difficult of fifteen flights from land to land across the aster. In his very first expedition he succeeded navigation of that journey his generous rival, (REVEILLE) in finding his leader, Stefansson, when al! the Amunsden, said that "no flight has been made world, even including Wilkins himself, had long anywhere, at any time, which could be com- given up that great explorer for lost. Un- pared with it." doubtedly this capacity in Wilkins is due to Stefansson's own careful training of him. The An Extraordinary Achievement young Australian had joined Stefansson's Canadian Arctic Expedition in 1913. That was Here again Wilkins proved his remarkable in the age of polar exploration by means of dog- capacity for exploration on foot without special teams and sledges, and Wilkins and the younger resources. On one flight, when 500 miles out members of the party were impressed by the over the Arctic Ocean, the engine of his aero- immense waste of effort in driving a few plane behaved badly, and he and Eielson had to perilous miles daily over almost impassable ice. land the machine on the ice by means of skis, At every camp they argued with their leader a feat which Amundsen had thought impossible. that the sledge was out of date—polar explora- After landing, Eielson attended to the engine, tion must take to the air. Nevertheless, they and Wilkins arranged for a sounding of the learnt from a master the painful craft of sledge ocean depth by detonation and echo. As the work, ar>i also tho.t of living on the country. first echo was difficu't to catch with the engine Neither Stefansson nor any of the men whom running, he took the risk of telling Eielson to he trained would think of killing and eating a switch off, and made the sounding again. They sledge-dog, any more than of turning cannibal; were 550 miles from shore. For two hours but by association with the Esquimaux Wilkins, afterwards they worked on the engine, and then, in particular, trained himself to live in the after five attempts, rose from the ice. Arctic, if necessary, almost without help from The engine was still kickiag badly, and a little civilisation in any form. He managed to acquire later they landed again, and Eielson worked for knowledge of navigation, and his capacity for an hour, getting his fingers badly frost-bitten. leadership was so obvious that Stefansson This time the overhaul was successful. With promoted him to second-in-command of the ex- the engine working perfectly they flew till dark pedition, which ended—so far as Wilkins was but at 9.2 p.m., 100 miles from shore, what concerned—when, late in 1915, news reached they feared happened: their petrol gave out, mi them of the outbreak of the Great War. In and they had to come down in a snowstorm in (Bloct by courtesy "Bulletin 1917 he arrived in England by way of Australia, the dark. By a miracle they landed alive. "H'hnt'/I you hove. Sirf There's C.orny-Crunchies ait W eety-Eaties an' Toasty-Bixies!" THE NAVY LEAGUE IOUFNAL August, 1939 19 The Navy League BEEF EXTRACT Cockatoo Docks & N.S.W. Branch GLOB Qne hundred Engineering Co. Pty. Ltd. Patron: V POUNDS of th. His Excellency The Governor of N.S.W., E primair beef are uied The Lord Wakehurst, K.C.M.G. to manufacture one Contractors to . . . President: pound of GLOBEX ... no wonder it , X Hear Admiral J. B. otevenson, C.M.G. H.M. AUSTRALIAN NAVY (tlobrx in /, 2, 4 Executive Committee: is rich in prot.ini, and 8 oz. jars or .1 round ratli jar bul,d> bon. 4 and S 0*. ,on- T. H. Silk, M.I.C.E., M.I.N.A. (Chairman) 1 s ,1 folder ton- lainrri is avail- Ship-builders, Marine & General Engineers nd Sir Kelso King, S.S.D. Captain M.B.R. Blackwood, D.S.O., R.N. la,ning a large ">»«='• * " «" „(,/,. a, an ./,,,„. number of tasty re- ideal food for kid- isls and stores. Commander F W. Hixson, O.B.R, C. M. C. Shannon cipes to be made dies and grown-ups, S.S.D. W. A. Mackay with Globrx. Inquiries invited A. Consett Stephen T. H. Silk, M.I.C.E., M.I.N.A too. its satisfying Sir Thomas Gordon, Kt. J. L. Milson flavour is a liquid Commander S. W. Spain Captain W. W. Beale, O.B.E. (Mil.) delight in beef tea, Commander J. Patrick. R.D.R.A.N.R. S. Cooper, S.S.D. G soups or gravies . . . COCKATOO ISLAND and solidly delicious Hon. Secretary: Hon. Treasurers: in sandwiches. . . . Sir Kelso King, S.S.D. C. M. C. Shannon Commander F. W. Hixson, O.B.E. S.S.D. SYDNEY Hon. Auditors: Secretary and Editor of Journal: Phone : W 1941 (10 lines) Robertson, Crane and Gibbons Alan Hill, Master Mariner BEEF °BEX EXTRACT AIMS AND OBJECTS OF THE NAVY LEAGUE The Navy League is a Voluntary Patriotic and perial Security. non-Sectarian Association of British Peoples, en- 3. To bring home to every person in the Em- For all happy occasions, afloat Recent Passenger Liners tirely outside party politics, desirous of render- pire that commerce can only be guarded ing the greatest service of which it is capable from any possible attack by a Navy, in or ashore, the hostess can show With Babcock Boilers: "Strathallan" to the Empire, particularly in connection with Conjunction with the Air Force, sufficiently her individuality in the form all matters concerning the sea. It upholds as strong in all the elements which modern "Strathmore" the fundamental principle of National and Im- warfare demands. she serves . . . "Stratheden" perial policy Complete Naval Protection for 4. To teach the citizens of the Empire, young "Orcades" llritish Subjects and British Commerce all the and old alike, that "it is the Navy where- With Babcock-Johnson Boiler World over. on, under the good providence of God, the ARNOTT'S Its Objects arc:— wealth, safety and strength of the King- "Arundel Castle" j Windsor Castle" 1. To enlist on Imperial and National grounds, dom chiefly depend," and that The Exist- CRISP SAO "Andes" the support of all classes in Maintaining the ence of the Empire, with the liberty an<' "Orion" Navy at the Requisite Standard of Strength, prosperity of its peoples, No I-ess Depend) not only with a view to the safety of our on the Merchant Service, which, under thi BISCUITS All above vessels are oil-fired. trade and Empire, but also with the object Sure Shield of the Navy, welds us into One With Babcock Boilers & Babcock of securing British prestige on every sea Imperial Whole. the lightest and most desirable and in every port of the World. 5. To encourage and develop the Navy League Erith Marine Strokers: 2. To convince the general public that expendi- Sea Cadet Corps, not only with a view to base for savou-ies. Attractive, Two new mail steamers for the British ture upon the Navy is the national equiva- keeping alive tbe sea spirit of our race too, with ham, paste, fresh or India S.N. Co. Ltd. lent of the ordinary insurance which no sane but also to enable the Boys to Become Gooil person grudges in private affairs, and that Citizens of the Empire, by learning discip- stewed fruit and a simple epi- Babcock & Wilcox Limited Since a Sudden Development of Naval line, duty and self-respect in the spirit ql curean delight with butter and Incorporated in England Strength is impossible, only Continuity of their motto—"For God, for the King, foi cheese. Australian Head Office and Works: Pre Deration can Guarantee National and Im- the Empire." REGENT'S PARK, N.S.W. WILLIAM ARNOTT PTY. LIMITED. HOMEBUSH 20 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOUHNAI BY Jm SI/A\

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Mr. Anthony Eden, the recently appointed be, to shed their blood. Before it is too late Dominions' Secretary, has broadcast that, they should be given a clear and unmistakable 8 X L Products "The decision of Hitler means that a new indication of the real war-aims of Britain and Manufactured at Mascot by H.JONES e-co civilization must emerge and be developed France on the one hand, and of Germany on the IXL JAMS through the war. In the new civilization other. If they can be satisfied that out of Ihe will be liberty, opportunity and hope." Brave defeat of Nazism Mr. Eden's new civilization IXL CANNED words! But what exactly had Mr. Eden in mind will arise—a civilization in which liberty, that FRUITS J. SCOTT PTY. LTD. when he gave utterance to them? They read is, the right to criticise and change, opportunity which will be shared equally by all who seek it, IXL TOMATO uncommonly like some of the noble wordy SAUCE promises given by statesmen, politicians and and hoped for employment which will not for- 163 CLARENCE STREET elder patriots in the Great War to "end war" in ever be deferred, then the young men and their IXL BAKED 1914-18. It was said then that the war was womenfolk will see to it that for such a future BEANS SYDNEY being fought to "make the world safe for de- no sacrifice—even life itself—is too high a price IXL SPAGHETTI mocracy;" countries fit for "heroes to live in," to pay. Truly, Mr. Eden's words will be Plain 4 Curried and that civilization's nightmare of war would echoed by millions of voices in the world to- be eliminated. Those who lived and suffered in day. But let them mean more than pious and IXL DICED the last dreadful war may well ask which of threadbare platitudes do, let them be fully FRUIT SALAD attested by the downfall of Hitlerism if Hitler- these promises was fulfilled. ism it be that is the obstacle to their perfect TELEPHONES: B 2861, BW 6396 • AUSTRALIA'S BEST The intelligent young men of to-day, along realization. ALL IXL PRODUCTS ARE with the unquestioning, will be expected, if need —THE EDITOR. QUALITY PRODUCTS September, 1939. 1 COURAGE The unarmed man who knelt to comfort a dying comrade amidst bursting shells and whin- GERMAN SUBMARINES ing bullets in the 1914-18 war.

* * * How Their Increase Affects British Security Time will measure all men's real worth by By VICE-ADMIRAL C. V. USBORNE, C.B., C.M.G. IN "THE NAVY" their constructive, not destructive capacity. * * * In the last week of the year 1938 Germany pointing out that Britain's submarine tonnage was low compared with that of other nations, The right application of thought is surely one notified Britain of her intention to exercise cer- and that as the weaker power, Germany would of the highest qualities in man. tain rights conferred on her by the Naval need submarines for reasonable self-defence. Ideas are the realities on which civilization Agreement of June 18, 1935 and July 17, 1937. Confronted with these arguments and believ- is built. These rights concern two very different matters, the one submarines, and vitally important, the ing in Germany's sincere intention to maintain other 8-inch cruisers, also important, though an agreed treaty, although she had, by already The birth of an ideal is next in importance less far-reaching in its effect on Britain. In constructing submarines, thrown off the im- to the birth of a child—and often of greater this article there will only be space to deal with posed restrictions of Versailles, it would seem value to humanity. the submarines. that the British Admiralty preferred to accept In the Anglo-German Agreement of 1935, in the clause together with the prospect of appease- # • * SUNSHINE ment and general limitation foreshadowed by Do not condemn people because they refuse which we liberated Germany from the naval restrictions of Versailles, substituting a limit the treaty as a whole rather than have no treaty to identify their interests with yours unless you of 35 per cent, of British tonnage, both for the at all. For in that case she would have had to have just cause. CRUISES Fleet as a whole and category by category, deal with secret unlimited building by Germany. Escape from the winter weather and there occurred a clause concerning submarines However this may be, we have to face the Fines or imprisonment will not deter the case- cn;oy a delightful sunner holiday in which must be quoted if this article is to be results to-day, and we know now, after the hardened profiteer; he is the worst type of tho brilliant sunshine of the Tropics. understood. It runs :— occupation of the Rhine provinces, the Aus- criminal. If convicted a second time, the penalty "(f) In the matter of submarines, however, trian Anschluss and the method adopted to should be death. Germany, while not exceeding the ratio of annex the Sudeten provinces after official state- 35:100 in respect of total tonnage, shall have ments to the contrary had in each case been the right to possess a submarine tonnage equal given, that German assurances can only be re- to the total submarine tonnage possessed by the lied on so long as they suit her national policy, Members of the British Commonwealth of her diplomatic code being apparently different Nations. The German Government, however, from our own. LARS HALVORSEN undertake that, except in the circumstances in- To-day it would be folly to rely on Germany's SONS PTY. LIMITED dicated in the immediately following sentence, undertaking made on November 23, 1936, not to Germany's submarine tonnage shall not exceed sink merchant vessels without visit and search, 45 per cent, of the total of that possessed by just as it has proved folly to rely on the solemn Designers and Builders of Cruisers and the Members of the British Commonwealth of undertakings of the signatories of the Kellogg Commercial Craft. Nations. The German Government reserve the Pact, that force would never again be used as TO NOUMEA right, in the event of a situation arising which, an instrument of policy. R.M.S. Strathcden in their opinion, makes it necessary for G r- Having made our bed, we cannot complain of leaves Sydney .... October 13 many to avail herself of her right to a percen- having to lie on it, and must agree that Ger- tage of submarine tonnage exceeding the 45 per many is within her rights in notifying her in- cent, above mentioned, to give notice to this DISTRIBUTORS FOR MORRIS MARINE tention to build up to 100 per cent, of British effect to His Majesty's Government in the submarine tonnage. At the same time it is n ENGINES. First Saloon from 20 guineas United Kingdom, and agree that the matter Tourist Class from 13 guineas disappointment, for while, navaily speaking, shall be the subject of friendly discussion be- Germany has not hitherto challenged us, now fore the German Government exercise that we have the normal challenge of a weaker to a right." stronger naval power, in the construction of a NEUTRAL BAY To me it has always been both a puzzle and a numerous submarine fleet. matter for regret that we agreed to this clause, Unfortunately, we start at a disadvantage, SYDNEY for it exposes Britain to the danger of a sub- for whereas Britain possesses 69 submarines marine campaign against her merchant fleet mostly large ocean-going craft of a total similar to that of the last war, but on a much approximate tonnage of 72,500, Germany al- 'Phones: XA1035 (2 lines), XA1508 greater scale. To make a treaty, however, one ready has 71 submarines of a total tonnage of PenintnlarPi aid Oriental S.N. Co. (IncorporatedC in England). generally has to concede something, and it may only about 31,300 and her submarines though be that Germany refused to sign without it, much smaller than ours are still mostly large 3 II THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL September, 1939. GERMAN SUBMARINES AT EXERCISE Fuhrer in this matter for many months. On the other hand we do not know what Then again we have the deterioration of re- technical improvements Germany may have lations between the Reich and the United States made. The trackless torpedo is thought to be of America, recent Presidential declarations one of them and, if so, it is a distinct gain for having even gone so far as to threaten sanc- the submarine. Previously she had to betray tions in certain events. Generally speaking, her position when she fired at a convoy, inviting these two countries are like the whale and die an instant attack with depth charges, but this elephant, they cannot get at one another. Yet would no longer be so, and a careful search this is not altogether true, for in the last war, would be needed to locate the enemy who had as we know, great consternation was aroused in signalled his presence by sinking one of the America by the appearance of German sub- convoy. marines off their Atlantic seaboard. What more natural than that Germany should want to With the great numbers involved, we must create a weapon which could provide some small expect constant attacks both on warships and measure of offensive threat against the United on convoys, and every such attack ought to be States, as a deterrent against war ? dealt with by a hunting flotilla, capable of run- ning the attacker to earth. The true value to be set on these various speculations will become clearer as Germany'3 The destroyers we have been building recently submarine building programme is revealed. The are all large ocean-going craft intended to keep size chosen for her new U-boats will indicate the sea with the battle fleet or with a convoy their intended use, but in all probability they in any conditions, and we have none too many will be a mixed selection giving Germany in- for this purpose. What we need now is a num- creased offensive power against all possible ber of small destroyers or special craft, whose enemies. primary function is the hunting and destruction of submarines. They could be graded, small It remains to consider what our answer must craft such as motor torpedo boats for work in be to Germany's new "demarche," for unless the the Channel and North Sea, small seaworthy future submarines prove to be all of the coastal destroyers for the open sea. These vessels, if Courtrly "Daily Telegraph" type of 250 tons or under, they will be capable there were enough of them, organised in hunt- of effective use against us, and will <-onstitute Due to the Royal \u*y, thr German Mercantile Marine has practically

6 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL September, 1939. II SEA CADET NOTES FALL-IN Victory Training Depot, near High A number of the senior Navy League Sea Street Wharf, Neutral Bay Cadets have joined up with the Royal Aus- tralian Naval Reserve for the duration of the L. R. V, SMITH, O. in C. war - A Committee Meeting, which was attended by Captain Beale, was held at the depot on Sep- We report with pride—and with regret—that tember 13th, when it was unanimously deter- several of the honorary instructors of our Sea mined, in view of the war, to redouble efforts to Cadet Corps have reported for duty with the carry on Cadet activities in the League. Mem- Royal Australian Navy for the duration of ths bers of the Committee have lost none of their war- . . . keenness, and after listening to Captain Beale's account ol his impressions during his recent The splendid gift to League Headquarters, visit to Europe, they agreed that now is the Sydney, made recently by Mr. and Mrs. Cooper time for the Navy League to justify itself. and members of the old Birchgrove Sea Cadet There were four officers, and nearly fifty uni- Committee was a testimony to the outstanding formed cadets on parade. Captuin Beale, after success this tireless body of voluntary workers inspecting and watching them for some ume, enjoyed for so many years. Their cordial and paid a warm tribute to their keenness, smart- valuable support has given extreme gratification ness and efficiency. The hope was expressed to the Chairman and Executive Committee of that cadets would be allowed to assist in the the Navy League. It is most heartening to the general defence of Australia by serving Govern- controlling body of the League to have the con- , ment departments and local authorities charged tinued support of Sea Cadet Committees and I with administering measures for the protection officers, especially at this time when Australia, with the Mother Country and Empire, is at war i of the civilian population. with Germany. Never was the Navy League * * * motto "KEEP WATCH" of greater significance The Manly and Woolwich Committees and than it is to-day. units of cadets have also decided to carry on, notwithstanding the calling up for naval or military service of most of their honorary in- structors. THE SEA AND SEAMEN # * # Our merchant seamen in this war, as in the Cadet units will welcome efforts of help -.s last, are upholding the best traditions of the honorary instructors from ex-Naval men, whose sea. They are indispensable to the well-being services are not likely to be required by ihe of ocean borne trade. In war, both by day and Naval authorities or the Government. Inquiries night, they are subject to the perils of the lurk- should be addressed to the Secretary, the Navy ing submarine with its deadly torpedoes, and Its League, Royal Exchange Building, Bridge St., high explosive shells for full measure. Only Sydney. Tel. B 7808. men who have actually experienced the destruc- « * * tion of their ship, and subsequent shocks and The main objects of the Corps are to teach privations before rescue, have a full understand- boys, between the ages of ten and eighteen, ing of the risks and hardships faced. habits of discipline, duty and self-respect, that Seamen who sign on a second, third and even the boys may become, by their knowledge and more times after their vessels have been sunk training, as useful to their country in time of under their feet by enemy action, are very brave war as in peace. men. They deserve not only appreciation and It is not sought by this scheme of training distinctions, but also special provision for their to compel the boys to join the Naval forces or future social security after their task is finish- the Mercantile Marine, but, we repeat, to give ed. Governments and peoples must not shirk HurJr such preliminary training as will fit the boys to their obligations to our gallant Merchant Ser- ">> »/ "a cadet, from all parts of Britain are now undergoing intensified training be of value to their country if and when the vice officers and seamen at the proper time. tor service in merchant ,hifl. Th, s.heme, which i, conducted by the Kavy League, urgent need arises. The late Admiral Lord Jellicoe's words re- affords opportunities for boys to be trained for positions in the Mercantile Marine. Those members of the public who subscribe main true: "By the use of the sea the Empire to these objects are invited to give their prac- was formed. If we fail to appreciate its value, tical support. Ring B 7808. the Empire will perish." THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL September, 1939. 9 Kfcj' I Chile SECRETARIAT CHANGES The coast defence ship "Capitan Prat," built NAVAL NOTES from OTHEK LANDS at La Seyne in 1890 and reconstructed and re- Lieutenant Alan Hill, Secretary of the Navy boilered in 1909, has been scrapped. In her day League since February, 1938, and Editor of the France U.S.A. she was a famous ship, being the first to have Journal, has been mobilized to do duty as an her gun turrets manoeuvred by electricity in- officer in the Royal Australian Naval Volunteer Contracts have been placed as below for the Names have been assigned to 23 ships of til: stead of the hydraulic gear then in more or less Reserve for the period of the war with Ger- construction of the following submarines of 1939 building programme, as follows: many. All Navy Leaguers will wish Lieutenant ! general use. On a displacement of 6,900 tons the 1938 programme: "Artemis," "Gorgane," 45,000-ton battleships "Iowa" (to be bu lt n the "Prat" mounted the heavy armament, for Hill the best of good fortune, and a safe return "Hermione," with Chantiers et Ateliers Augus- New York Navy Yard), "New Jersey" (at Phila- those days, of four 9.4-inch, eight 4.7-inch and a to the League at the conclusion of hostilities. « * * tin Normand, Le Havre; "Andromede," "As- delphia Navy Yard). 8,000-ton cruisers "Cleve- number of small guns, with two 18-inch torpedo tree," "Clorinde," "Cornelie," with Chantiers land," "Columbia" (contracts still to be allot- tubes. Her side armour amidships was 12 inches Dubigeon, Nantes; "Andromaque," "Armide," ted). 1,630-ton destroyers "Woolsey," "Lud- in thickness, with a 3-inch protective deck. On The breach in the Navy League caused by with Chantiers de la Seine Maritime (Worms et low" (both Bath Iron Works, Bath, Me.); "Edi- trials she exceeded her contract speed of 18 the mobilization of Lieutenant Hill has been Cie.), Le Trait. All of these are believed to be son," "Ericsson" (both Federal Shipbuilding & knots. Her highly original design inspired Sir filled by Captain Beale, the League's first Sec- vessels of 890 tons. Apparently another of this Dry Dock Co., Kearny, N.J.); "Wilkes," "Nichol- William Laird Clowes to write his celebrated retary, after his return from the Great War in class, the "Antigone," has still to be ordered. son" (both Boston Navy Yard); "Swanson," "future war" romance, "The Captain of the 1919. "Ingraham" (both Charleston Navy • Yard). 'Mary Rose,'" in 1891. This book, which was Germany 700-ton submarines "Mackerel" (Electric Boat lavishly illustrated by Fred T. Jane and the • • • As foreshadowed in these columns, Germany's Co., Groton, Conn.), "Marlin" (Portsmouth Chevalier Edouard de Martino, ran through fifth 10,000-ton cruiser was launched at Bremen Navy Yard). 1,475-ton submarines "Gar," eight editions, and is now a naval classic. THE FORMER GERMAN COLONIES on July 1 and named "Lutzow." She is to be "Grampus," "Grayback" (all Electric Boat Co.), "Grayling," "Grenadier" (both Portsmouth Dominican Republic 1. Cameroons. British Mandate. armed with eight 8-inch and twelve 4.1-inch Area 88,231 sq. kilometres. Navy Yard), "Gudgeon" (Mare Island Navy A Presidential yacht haa been acquired by (anti-aircraft) guns and twelve torpedo tubes Pop. 825,616. Three ajrcraft are to be included in the equip- Yard). 1,650-ton seaplane tenders "Casco," this Republic, and named "Ramiss." She for- "Mackinac" (both Puget Sound Navy Yard). Cameroons. French Mandate. ment. merly belonged to Julius Fleishmann, the yeast It will be observed that one of the new des- Area 429,750 sq. kilometres. This ship is named after Baron Lutzow, a millionaire, and was then named "Camargo." Pop. 2,377,125. Prussian patriot who took a leading part in troyers has been named after the late Secretary • • • of the Navy, Claude A. Swanson, who died last 2. Togoland. British Mandate. raising volunteers to fight against Napoleon in Area 33,772 sq. kilometres. 1813. A battle cruiser of this name was sunk month. Quite a number of foreign men-of-war have DON'T "SQUEAL"— Pop. 349,179. at Jutland in 1916. Togoland. French Mandate. It is also reported that two 35,000 ton battle- paid official visits to New York since the PASS THE SALT ! World's Fair exhibition opened. So far, apart Area 52,000 sq. kilometres. ships are expected to be completed before the By A. R. Bell Pop. 736,056. end of 1940. Other ships of war on the stocks from several British and Canadian warships, We were fairly "fed up" after a lengthy New Yorkers have seen the French cruisers 3. Tanganyika. British Mandate. are said to include two aircraft carriers, five voyage during which we had "wallowed" much Area 932,364 sq. kilometres. cruisers, together with a number of destroyers "Georges Leygues," "Glolre" and "Montcalm," in the "trough'' of the sea, and not a little which were accompanied by the oiler "Le Pop. 5,146,886. and submarines. "bored" with each other's company, when we 4. Ruanda-Urundi. Belgian Mandate. Mekong"; the Argentine training cruiser "La fell in with a vessel completely "hogged." Japan Argentina"; the Portuguese destroyer "Tejo"; Area 53,200 sq. kilometres. It happened this way—the pilot being on Pop. 3,510,843. It is reported that the two cruisers, "Kako" and the Dominican Presidential yacht "Ramsis." board, we were nearing the wharf, when a fussy and "Hurutaka," of 7,100 tons, launched in 1925, Another Portuguese ship and one from Poland 5. S.W. Africa Union of South Africa bustling tug came steaming towards us to Mandate. have been completely refitted at Kure. They are are expected. assist in berthing. Area 822,909 sq. kilometres. now understood to mount their six 8-inch guns Focussing her name in the binoculars I in three twin turrets instead of in single ones Yugoslavia Pop. 283,497. couldn't help repeating it aloud—"IMA HOGG;" 6. Western Samoa. New Zealand Mandate. as formerly, thus becoming more or less identi- the Yankee pilot standing nearby laconically cal with the otherwise similar ships "Aoba" and Two submarines have been ordered from the Area 2,934 aq. kilometres. grunted "I'm a hog and you're a hog," which Pop. 56,264. "Kinugasa," launched in 1926. Evidently the Germania Yard, Kiel. It is understood that took me aback. I had inside knowledge of the 7. Nauru. British Empire Mandate carried object of this expensive reconstruction was to they will be of the 250-ton coastal type so well salted variety of pork, but no knowledge of the reduce upper deck weight, a superfluity of which represented in the German Navy. local brand. out by Australia. Area 21 sq. kilometres. is known to have caused trouble in several However, during our "sty" in the port I rooted Japanese warships. , Egypt Pop. 2,922. around and found out that a certain American 8. New Guinea. Australian Mandate. Tenders are being invited from British ship- millionaire named Hogg had two daughters, the Area 240,864 sq. kilometres. Spain first he named "Ura" and the next one "Ima"— yards for the construction, to be completed in Pop. 505,921. The coastguard gunboat, "Xauen," sunk during well, I guess and calculate he was in a position 9. Marianas & Caroline & Marshall Islands. the Civil War, haa been salved, and is now under two years, of a cruiser, four minesweepers, and to know, but introductions would be mighty refit. Originally one of the many trawlers built six motor torpedo boats, the total sum to be awkward. Still, we have our "Sow and Pigs" Japanese Mandate. for the Admiralty during the Great War, she expended during this period on the new Egyp- in Sydney Harbour, so can't squeal. Area 2,149 sq. kilometres. was acquired by the Spanish Navy in 1B22. tian Navy being £3,500,000. Pop. 107,137. September, 1939. II 10 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL Freedom and Service SPIRIT OF THE NAVY "It seems to me that two of the desires most deeply embedded in the heart of man are the THE STAFF OF LIFE . . . desire for freedom and the desire to serve BILLIARDS Valuable Lessons others, which underlies all true comradeship, — For — is a and it is because British democracy and the BOYS OF ALL AGES! Discipline, Hard Work, and Service British Commonwealth give effect to those de- STURDIER STAFF sires that I venture to think that they are The Ideal Game for the Home DUTY TO THE STATE destined to endure. if spread with "Comradeship presupposes that the comrades BILLIARDS-DINING TABLES— The valuable lessons to be learnt from the are devoted to the same ideal, otherwise the New from £29 15 0 Navy and their application to present-day comradeship cannot last. And so we of the Reconditioned from £22 15 0 affairs were commended by Sir Harry Batterbec, British Commonwealth of Nations, if we wish NORCO BUTTER LIFT-ON TABLES £8 15 0 High Commissioner for the United Kingdom to endure, we have got to show, in season and Government in New Zealand, when speaking at out of season, our devotion to the ideals in Easy Terms Available. Be sure to ask for ... the annual meeting of the Navy League, which wo believe. And if our lives are to be Wellington, N.Z. devoted to those ideals, it means discipline and Delivery Free in Sydney Metropolitan Sir Harry said that he had spent almost a hard work—a life of pleasure and easy going will Area. year on the staff of Admiral Field, Commander never lead us anywhere. of the Special Service Squadron which visited "Discipline, hard work and service are prin- Buy One for Your Home, and New Zealand in 1924. He had learnt the mean- ciples which we all must practise if we wish Keep Your Boys Happyl ing and value of a sense of duty, the value of thoee things which we hold most dear to endure, esprit de corps, and had appreciated the spirit and in inculcating them you are performing duty Heiron & Smith (Salonola) pervading the Navy. of the utmost value to the State." The lessons taught by the Navy were valuable Pty. Ltd. "THE BUTTER OF PERFECTION" to-day. If liberty were to survive there was need of discipline, too. Democracy in the British 141 ELIZABETH ST. SYDNEY aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa sense of it meant not liberty, but ordered QUESTIONS Telephone: M 2355 liberty, a combination of liberty and discipline. The war has aroused a multitude of questions. The citizen of a democracy who had no regard Here are some of them. for duty was not a free man, but a slave. What is the difference between Nazism and "If this conception of democracy as ordered INSURE WITH . . . Incorporating •very modern feature, the Union Communism ? liberty is to be preserved, it is necessary Uiat What is liberty? Company's express liner "Awatea" sets a new discipline should be preserved in family and What is loyalty? national life, and that every boy and girl should MERCANTILE MUTUAL standard in Trans-Tasman travel. What is Hitlerism? be taught their duty to the State," he said. "A What is treason? Insurance Co. Ltd. sense of patriotism and devotion to duty is an With a speed of 23 knots the "Awetea" makes the Is not the remedy of war worse than the essential part of democracy. malady it would cure? AN AUSTRALIAN INSURANCE COMPANY voyage between Australia and New Zealand in "Our British Commonwealth of Nations is Can unbiassed history show that revolution- Established 1878 only days. this twin principle writ large—the principle of ary ideas have, or have not been the mainspring the liberty and independence of each of its mem- of all progress? FIRE, ACCIDENT, MOTOR CAR The "Awatea" carries first and tourist class pas- bers, combined with the principle of devotion Can democracy survive in the world if it is of all the members to the same ideal, symbolised Householder! and Homeowner*' Comprehensive sengers and maintains a regular service between unable to eliminate unemployment, poverty and by loyalty to the same King, and of readiness need? (Combined) Insurance Sydney, Auckland and WeUingtoo. to co-operate in defence of these ideals. It Can a nation be at war with another nation's combines the principles of independence and Government ana not with its people, if a majority BE PATRIOTIC interdependence. Just as in a democracy the All information from of the people have elected that Government to Insure Australian Property in an Australian individual citizens cherish their individual free- power? dom yet realise that that ideal cannot be Insurance Company UNION STEAM SHIP CO. OF N.Z. LTD. Can a German citizen be loyal to Germany obtained for all citizens unless all equally de- if he denounces Nazism? (Incorporated in N.Z.) , vote themselves to the common good and to * * « service to the State, so in the British Common- Instead of being made safe for any particular Head Office : 247 GEORGE STREET. SYDNEY Phone: B767I wealth, while the various members cherish their ideology, the world should be made safe for individual freedom, the very essence of the mankind. 117 Pin STREET SYDNEY Commonwealth is that they should be ready to » • • IJNICN KELSO KING. Managing Director co-operate for the common good—should be ASK A FRIEND TO JOIN NAVY LEAGUE LINE ready to combine for a common cause. September, 1939. 12 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL 13 Some seventy flags of distinctive colours and Signalmen are among the smartest and most design comprise each set of naval signal flags active men in every man-of-war, and a periodical MANOEUVRING BY FLAG SIGNALS now supplied to a man-of-war. They include shake up that is carried out in harbour, called squares, triangles, burgees and pendants. Every "flag signal exercise," keeps them so, and soon (WITH ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO "WAYS OF THE NAVY") flag has a name, letter, or number, and each one makes quick accurate flag-reading become sec- has some special signification. They are neatly ond nature to them. The flagship hoists three made up into small tight rolls and stowed or four groups of flags at a time, the other ships triangular flags representing the letters of the separately in the flag lockers on the signal repeat the hoists, flag for flag, as quickly as Nearly everyone is more or less familiar with bridge, from round which many pairs of rope the method of morse signalling by flag wagging alphabet; and other small square and triangular possible; then all haul down together just as the flags; swallow-tailed burgees, and pendants, all halyards lead up to the mast heads and signal flagship hoists a complete new set to be re- or flashing lamp, and signalling by semaphore yards aloft. is also fairly well known on shore. But only bearing special names and meanings. peated. those who go to sea become acquainted with Using these symbols, homogeneous letter and By hoisting a few groups of flags the whole Each group of fluttering full-sized flags re- the method used between ships of signalling by figure cipher codes were arranged in various or part of the largest fleet can be ordered to quires two men to handle it, so with lofty masts code flags, a method by which any message or signal books to be used by men-of-war to pass perform any manoeuvre. It can also be man- with a long hoist, especially if there is any order may be quickly transmitted to all ships in messages at sea by groups of flags. Other sig- oeuvred by wireless, searchlight or flashing wind, twenty minutes or so of this exercise is sight by hoisting signal flags singly or in nals outside these cipher books grew up for lamps; but when together in daylight the old fairly strenuous. Under the yeoman's eagle groups. manoeuvring purposes; signals were short, dis- method of flag signals is generally preferred. eye the signal boys, making up and stowing Signals for manoeuvring fleets at sea have tinctive and interpreted at sight. The purpose Up on the signal bridge the yeoman of signals away the flags ready to be handed out again, been in use in some form or other for over two of these signals is to convey executive orders calls out the groups to be used, signalmen must fly round and look nippy to keep up with thousand years, those for passing ordinary and reports relating to movements and positions snatch the flags from the lockers and bend them the general hustle caused by the tremendous messages being of later origin. The earliest re- of ships, fleets, squadrons and flotillas. Some of to the halyards, and at the order "Hoist," three rivalry between the signal staffs of the differ- or four groups are smartly run up simul- corded manoeuvring signal is that made by an them are simple signals for everyday use when- ent ship*. taneously. When all ships have hoisted the Athenian admiral, who, when he wanted the ever ships are in company at sea, others control ships of his fleet to turn together, hoisted his "answering pendant" to show that they under- Every ship in the Navy is allotted a pair of every possible manoeuvre that naval practice of stand, the order, "Haul down" is given, and the purple cloak. It is not known what other the day may demand, cither in ordinary cruising distinguishing pendants which are used to ad- manoeuvring signals be used, but naturally the manoeuvre is carried out by the ships concern- dress her or speak to her by signal. If any ship or in battle. Most of them call for immediate ed. scope of a code used on the extent of the ad- action of some kind on the part of officers is slack about answering a signal or makes a miral's wardrobe must have been strictly limited. mistake in repeating one, the flagship shows the actually in charge of ships at the moment. So There is a great glamour about flag signalling. culprit's distinguishing pendants half-way up, As the art of naval warfare developed through not only the signalmen, but every keen officer When a signalman hauls down his hoist and im- and if these are not quickly acknowledged every the ages, so the signals required by the ad- who may be in charge on the bridge of a ship, mediately sees the lines of heavy ships swing- ship in the fleet repeats them. mirals to control the ships of their fleets called keeps himself up-to-date in their use and mean- ing round, a cruiser squadron taking station, or for the use of more and more symbols. Codes ings. perhaps a flotilla of destroyers dashing off Showing a ship's pendants in this way were devised in which all the ensigns and It might be supposed that the most difficult ahead at express speed to form a screen, he happens but rarely; when it does it gives a thrill almost feels as though he has done it all him- standards supplied to Men-of-war were used, the part of such a code to master would be in learn- of unholy joy to the signalmen of all rival ships, self! numbers of significations being amplified by ing the shapes, colours and names of the flags but makes the signalmen of the ships whose varying the positions in which the signals were pendants are shown wonder when his next run used in the system. But the love of bits of Some years ago there was a big fleet where displayed. ashore will be. coloured bunting probably lies deep in human it was customary for the flagship, when near- The existing naval code still includes a square nature; actually most people find little difficulty ing an anchorage, to hoist the two separate sig- fag divided horizontally into three equal in learning the flags, and very soon the symbols nals "Stop engines" and "Anchor instantly" at divisions of blue, white and red, which is ac- become as familiar as letters on the printed the same time. These signals are obeyed when tually the Dutch national flag upside down, and page. hauled down, so the "Stop engines" signal had TO ADVERTISERS which was first used in this way for signalling Merchant ships and yachts of all nations hoist to be hauled down some minutes before the during the Dutch wars. a red and white barred pendant when they wish other one to allow ships to lose their way be- The Executive Committee of the Navy League, fore anchoring. About 1780 a numerary system of signals to communicate by signal. They carry twenty- New South Wales Branch, takes this opportun- was introduced into the Navy in which small six international signal flags representing the On one unforgettable occasion, owing to the ity of thanking the advertisers in this Journal numeral flags representing figures were used. alphabetical letters, numerals and substitutes; mistake of a signalman, both signals came down for their valued support in the past, and trusts For very long distances the numerals could be and by using the International Code Book, together. The result was hair-raising! Anchors that they will continue their aid to the Journal, denoted also by different combinations of large which is printed in all languages, they can, by were let go with a great deal of way still on - and thus to the League and to its Boy Training balls, large flags, and long narrow pendants dis- hoisting groups of flags, communicate with the ships, cables ran out with an appalling din, Corps—the Nav: League Sea Cadets. played at the mast head; there was also a merchant ships of their own or other countries and in spite of going full speed astern every system of making the numerals by loosing or with men-of-war, or with shore signal stations, ship's cables ran out to the "bitter end," and a furling four of the square upper sails in various llen-of-war carry the international signal flags good many were parted. Since then these sig- way*. Later, in addition to the small numerical and code book, but also have the special naval nals have always been hoisted and hauled down PLEASE INTEREST A FRIEND IN THE separately. flags, which were all square, other aeries were signal flags and elaborate code books for their NAVY LEAGUE evolved; small numeral pendants; square and own use. September, 1939. II 14 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL The Navy League N.S.W. Branch GLOBEX Cockatoo Docks & Patron: (BEEF EXTRACT) Engineering Co. Pty. Ltd. His Excellency The Governor of N.S.W., The Lord Wakehurst, K.C.M.G. President: Contractors to . . . Rear Admiral J. B. Stevenson, C.M.G. H.M. AUSTRALIAN NAVY Executive Committee: T. H. Silk, M.I.C.E., M.I.N.A. (Chairman) Sir Kelso King, S.S.D. Captain M.B.R. Blackwood, D.S.O., R.N. Ship-builders, Marine & General Engineer: Commander F.W. Hixson, O.B.E., C. M. C. Shannon S.S.D. W. A. Mackay Inquiries invited Sir Thomas Gordon, Kt. Sir Walter Carpenter, K.B. For appetising flavour, strength - building Commander S. VV. Spain J. L. Milson nourishment and economy in use . . . you Commander J. Patrick, R.D..R.A.N.R. S. Cooper, S.S.D. can't beat GLOBEX. It contains the full strength and concentrated essence of the Hon. Treasurers: Hon. Secretary: primest beef and it is made in a second. COCKATOO ISLAND Sir Kelso King, S.S.D. C. M. C. Shannon Commander F. W. Hixson, O.B.E, S.S.D. Try it for soups, gravies, nourishing beef tea, and it makes really delicious sandwiches . . . SYDNEY Hon. Auditors: Secretary and Editor of Journal: but spread it thinly. Robertson, Crane and Gibbons W. W. Beale, O.B.E. • Phone: W 1941 (10 lines) Obtainable from all Chemists and Stores in I. 2, 4 and 8 OK. jars or 4 and 8 ox. containers. AIMS MB OBJECTS DF THE MVY LEAGUE The Navy League is a Voluntary Patriotic and perial Security. non-Sectarian Association of British Peoples, en- 3. To bring home to every person in the Em- tirely outside party politics, desirous of render- pire that commerce can only be guarded For all happy occasions, afloat Recent Passenger Liners ing the greatest service of which it is capable from any possible attack by a Navy, in or ashore, the hostess can show With Babcock Boilers: to the Empire, particularly in connection with Conjunction with the Air Force, sufficiently her individuality in the form "Strathallan" all matters concerning the sea. It upholds as strong in all the elements which modern "Strathmore" the fundamental principle of National and Im- warfare demands. she serves . . . "Stratheden" perial policy Complete Naval Protection for 4. To teach the citizens of the Empire, young "Orcades" British Subjects and British Commerce all the and old alike, that "it is the Navy where- World over. on, under the good providence of God, the ARNOTT'S With Babcock-Johnson Boile.-s Its Objects are:— wealth, safety and strength of the King- "Arundel Castle" 1. To enlist on Imperial and National grounds, dom chiefly depend," and that The Exist- "Windsor Castle" the support of all classes in Maintaining the ence of the Empire, with the liberty anc' CRISP SAO "Andes" Navy at the Requisite Standard of Strength, prosperity of its peoples, No Less Depend; "Orion" not only with a view to the safety of our on the Merchant Service, which, under thr All above vessels are oil-fired. trade and Empire, but also with the object Sure Shield of the Navy, welds us Into One BISCUITS of securing British prestige on every sea Imperial Whole. With Babcock Boilers & Babcocl and in every port of the World. 5. To encourage and develop the Navy League the lightest and most desirable Erith Marine Strokers: 2. To convince the general public that expendi- Sea Cadet Corps not only with a view to base for savouries. Attractive, Two new mail steamers for the British keeping alive the sea spirit of our race ture upon the Navy is the national equiva- too, with ham, paste, fresh or India S.N. Co. Ltd. lent of the ordinary insurance which no sane but also to enable the Boys to Become Good person grudges in private affairs, and that Citizens of the Empire, by learning discip- stewed fruit and a simple epi- line, duty and self-respect in the spirit of Babcock & Wilcox Limited Since a Sudden Development of Naval curean delight with buffer and Strength is impossible, only Continuity of their motto—"For God, for the King, fo» Incorporated in England PreDaratlon can Guarantee National and Im- the Empire." cheese. Australian Head Office and Works: REGENT'S PARK, N.S.W. WILLIAM ARNOTT PTV. LIMITED. 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A little over a score of years ago, a boy in his 14th year decided, wisely and with his father's concurrcnce and help, to save through the A.M.P. Life Assurance method. For a yearly amount of £8 7 6—about equal to 3 3 a week—he secured a policy for £200 (with bonuses), io be paid to him at the end of 21 years, that is. when he should be 35, or to his representatives, if he should die within that term.

Happiiy he didn't die, and recently the Society had the pleasure of handing him the sum assured of £200 and added bonuses of £75 8 in all. £275 8 -. As he signed the receipt for the money, he remarked: "If I'd only thought at the time, I might have made it £400 instead of £200." THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL

Other men have expressed similar regret; but there's no reason why you should. The Official Organ of the Navy League, N.S.W. Branch For particulars of this attractive Saving and Investment plan, apply:— Royal Exchange, 54a Pitt Street, Sydney. B7808

A.M.P. SOCIETY Vol. 2—No. 10 (New Series) Sydney October, 1939 Price 6d. 87 PITT STREET, SYDNEY A. E. WEBB. Manager for N.S.W. TRUTH IS FREEDOM RED FUNNEL TRAWLERS PTY. LTD. ]t/|EN who have lived and worked in foreign contrary to preconceived beliefs. •L" countries usually have a better and fairer No. 5 WHARF, WOOLLOOMOOLOO BAY, SYDNEY estimate of the people than those of us who Seekers after truth are invariably open-mind- have not had such advantages. Here in Aust- ed, ready at all times to affirm what is just, :: Trawler Owners :: ralia, as in some other countries, one finds a good, clean and useful, even when self-interests dark and abysmal ignorance of foreign affairs, are apparently affected thereby. Truth seekers Wholesale FISH Merchants and ICE Manufacturers except amongst the comparatively few well- put tne interests of mankind first. Considera- informed citizens. tions of race, creed or politics are not allowed to cloud their judgments. When evaluating what Those least qualified rarely hesitate to express seems sound or unsound, no matter what origins opinions underrating foreigners or their gov- or objects are involved, truth alone counts. 'Phones: 'Phones: ernments. Such criticisms are almost invariably FA 1710 FA 1710 gross distortions of problems, customs and To know the truth is to make men free, and habits, or of forms of Government of people neither blood-relationships, friendships, or poli- FL 2208 FL 2208 whose ways of life differ from our own. tical and economic faiths can change truth, nor enchain freedom born of truth. Let us all There is sometimes much wisdom in with- in Australia strive for a fuller understanding holding judgment, there is also much tolerance of humanity's needs, and of nations whose un- in an understanding mind, unless self-interest bringing and outlook differ from our own. Only Reg. Trade Mark or privilege enter in. And in Australia, we by acquiring such understanding shall we walk somehow expect to find people blessed with the broad lighted road which leads to peace and to a richer life. FISH DAILY SALES -ICE those attributes. But, unfortunately, here, as elsewhere, ignorance is fortified by the obvious dislike of hearing the truth, if that truth is PROMPT ATTENTION TO DAILY ORDERS —THE EDITOR. October, 1939 ROWING JOIN THE NAVY LEAGUE THE MODERN CONVOY SYSTEM AND THE HIGH The Executive Committee of the Navy League thanka the Royal Sydney Yacht Squaidron for TERMS OF MEMBERSHIP : IMPORTANCE OF NUMBERS including in ita Opening Day programme a race Fellow tl 1 0 for Navy League Sea Cadeta. The Committee per annum, with Journal pox free. By Lt-Commander KENNETH EDWARDS, R.N., in "The Navy" Member 10 6 also thanks the Officers and Cadets of the per annum, with Journal port free. North Sydney, Woolwich, and Manly units, and Member 5 0 Writing five years ago of the possibility of the convoys from air attack while they are on compliments them on the smartness of their introducing a convoy system for the defence their way to those ports is a matter for the per annum without Journal. boats-crews. of maritime trade, the late Lord Jellicoe said:— convoy escorts. SUBSCRIPTION FORM "Our difficulties in 1917 were very great. There has thus arisen a three-fold threat to The race was won by Woolwich, with North D»t* 193 Those that would face a future Board would maritime trade, and while the grouping of ships Sydney in second and third places, and Manly a Pleas* enrol my name as a be indeed formidable unless it is realised that in convoy may be the answer to the submarine good fourth. of the NAVY LEAGUE. N.S.W. Branch, for our naval forces are inadequate for the work menace, it may be playing into the hands of which I enclose value that may be required of them, and steps are surface raiders or air raiders unless all con- taken to make up our deficiencies. The fast I : «. d. voys can be provided with escorts capable of vessels needed for escort against submarine driving off surface raiders and raiding aircraft. Name attack cannot be improvised; cruisers take two If sufficiently strong escorts are not available, Readers are invited to forward to the League Address years to construct and even sloops cannot be it would probably be better to effect the widest books and magazines that may be of interest to built, I think, in less than some eight months." possible dispersion of merchant ahip traffic men serving in the Royal Australian Navy. For further information as to enrolling as a member of the League please communicate with the Sec- Fortunately, a great deal has been done to- rather than the massing of ships in convoys. Literature received will be duly acknowledged retary, Navy League, Royal Exchange, Pitt Street, ward making good our naval deficiencies since Dispersion will mean that a raider has to spend in these columns, and will be sent to the proper Sydney. 'Phone B 7808. those words wei-e written. Some weeks ago far more of his time and fuel in searching for authorities. the Admiralty was able to state that it was prey. The raider might not be able to do as prepared to introduce a convoy system for the much damage in several weeks aa he would in protection of trade in any area in which it an hour if he fell in with a rich convoy in- might be required. Yet it is difficult to exag- adequately protected. A situation might ariae, gerate the difficulties which would face the moreover, in which the provision of sufficiently Admiralty if occasion demanded that its pledge strong convoy escorts in several different areas should be fulfilled, for the danger to maritime might entail the dispersion of the naval forces Entertainment Endorsing the Spirit of the Day trade has been increasing as the means of to such a degree as seriously to weaken the defence of that trade has been increased. main fleet concentration. How far this could be accepted, and, in fact, almost every question From Universal Pictures Experience has shown us that the convoying relating to the institution of a convoy system of merchant vessels is the best reply to sub- for trade defence, must depend upon the con- "WHEN "FIRST LOVE" marine attack upon seaborne trade. If, how- TO-MORROW ditions obtaining at the time. with Deanna Durbin ever, the enemy is attacking maritime trade COMES" with Irene Dunne with strong surface raiders, the problem of While some of the difficulties of trade defence trade defence is at once increased, for if sur- and Charles Boyer "THE UNDER-PUP" have increaaed, others have decreased. On the ,ND SMILE' face raiders are likely to be met with the escort right side of the scale must be set the develop- with Gloria Jean of every convoy must be stronger than any ment in communications. To-day, nearly every surface raider operating. If this is not so the ship is fitted with wireless. Moreover, practi- tragedy of the Scandinavian convoy of October cally every warship larger than a destroyer now "THE SUN NEVER "UNEXPECTED 17. 1917, is likely to be repeated. On that carries aircraft to assist in searching for a raid- SETS" FATHER" occasion nine ships of the convoy and both the with Douglas Fair- with Baby Sandy er. These facta are likely to make the careers banks, Jr.. and Basil THIS TRADE-MARK IS YOUR GUARANTEE OF and Mischa Auer escorting destroyers were sunk by the two of future surface raiders far more precarious. Rathbone PERFECT SATISFACTION! German raiders "Brummer" and "Bremse." The At the same time, anti-submarine developments fact that foreign Powers possess strong surface have reached a stage at which the submarine "EAST SIDE OF warships which would be particularly suited to menace is much leas serious than it waa twenty- "SEVEN LITTLE "40.000 HORSEMEN" HEAVEN" commerce raiding cannot be lost sight of. two years ago. Anti-aircraft gunnery has also "THE BEACH- AUSTRALIANS" with Bing Crosby, increased in efficiency to a great degree. Charles Chauvel's epic Joan Blondell. Air power has also complicated the problems COMBER" An O.B. Picture, pro- s/ duced and directed dramatic adventure of Mischa Auer. Baby of the defence of trade. A German admiral has In the last resort, however, the continuance with by Arthur Greville the A.I.F. "Sandy." C. Aubrey stated recently that, in his view, the best use of the vital maritime trade in the event of war Charles Laughton Collins. Based on Smith. Irene Hervey of air power would not be the indiscriminate comes down to a question of numbers—numbers Ethel Turner's renown- bombing of civilians, but the attack of mari- of merchant vessels, and numbers of warships ed novel. time trade on the high seas and in the porta. available for the defence of trade and for the The protection of the port is a responsibility of provision of convoy escorts. the anti-aircraft forces, but the protection of The average speed of merchant vessels has

2 THE NAVY LEAGUE October, 1939 3 In one aspect, Great Britain is better pre- THE WAR GERMAN "POCKET" BATTLESHIP pared than it was when the German unrestricted Herr Hitler's "Peace" Speech warfare against seaborne trade was declared in The Prime Minister of Australia, comment- 1917. Arrangements have already been made ing on Herr Hitler's speech, said: for the arming of a great many of our merchant "It was a blustering attempt to justify war. ships, and some 10,000 officers and men of the "I have done my best to understand it," the Merchant Navy have already undergone the Prime Minister commented, "but find it very Defence Courses instituted by the Admiralty. difficult. ENEMY MENACE TO SHIPS "Plain questions require plain answers, and There is much speculation as to the nature the plain questions to Herr Hitler to-day are:— of the German vessel responsible for the sinking 'Is the independence of Poland to be restored? of the British steamer "Clement" off the Brazi- 'Is the national integrity of the Czechs and lian coast. Reports of the sinking are conflict- the Slovaks to be restored, ing. One account has it that the "Clement" 'Is aggression to cease? was sunk by a submarine; a second stating that 'Is there to be effective machinery for peace a cruiser carrying aircraft was responsible. and a real measure of disarmament?' There seems little doubt that Germany will "In no part of this extraordinary outpouring of words will the world find any real answer make the fullest use of her limited naval re- to these questions. sources, including surface craft, for the purpose "The speech is not a peace offer; it is a of harassing British commerce on the high blustering attempt to justify war." seas. It is highly probable that she will attempt to use her "pocket" battleships against convoys, in addition to submarines. Should she decide The League records its appreciation of the on such a gamble, convoys will require the pro- generosity of Mrs. F. M. Officer, for her gift tr -.tion of ships sufficiently powerful to cope with in aid of its work. such a menace. There are bound to be further » » * —By courtesy "Sun." merchant ship losses if the war continues, but the people can be fully assured that the British The "Deutsehland" (above) is one of three vessels of 10.000 tons with a speed of 27 knots, and and French navies will find means of success- During the month the Secretary of the mounting a main armament of six It inch guns. fully overcoming every enemy move on the seas. League has paid visits to the Sea Cadets units But it will require time and patience. at North Sydney, Manly, and Woolwich. The Committees, Officers and Cadets are carrying on and, in the circumstances, are doing excellent increased since the Great War, and this tends good escorts through areas in which air attack work. to simplify the problem of trade defence. The may be expected. * # * speed of a convoy is the speed of the slowest October 21.—One hundred and thirty-four ship in that convoy, and one of the great dis- Admiral Sims has recorded that there was, in years ago, Admiral Lord Nelson, England's In the war of 1914-18, and in the present advantages of a convoy system is that it delays April, 1917, "still one serious impediment to greatest seaman, fell in the hour of his great- "civilised" conflict, leaders of both sides called the arrival of the vital cargoes. Merchant ships adopting this convoy system, and that was that est victory—TRAFALGAR. on God to assist and to bear witness that their have also increased in size. This means a big- the number of destroyers available was insuffi- Cause was and is just. It is true to say that ger carrying capacity—but it also means a more cient." In November, 1917, the total number « * * in minor wars, when powerful nations were serious loss in the event of a ship being sunk. of destroyers and "P" boats was 449. To-day engaged in teaching "lesser breeds" at gun- we have a total of 230 such craft. Of the 182 point how to behave themselves for their own destroyers available, 72 are over age and are That there is serious shortage of cargo car- SHIPLOVERS' SOCIETY good, no record can be seen where white states- riers is well known, and it is admitted in the being gradually converted into escort vessels. men invoked God's aid. The reason for this Government's efforts to build up, somewhat Here again matters are getting better, although The Younger Set wish it to be known that an omission, it is surmised, is that the Almighty's tardily, a reserve of tramp shipping. There is again one wonders at the tardiness of certain ALL-DAY Hike will take place on 12th Novem- help was unnecessary, modern lethal weapons also a shortage of the types of warships re- decisions. The naval building programme for ber in the hands of the whites, apparently without quired for the protection of trade. The cruiser this year, for instance, includes two flotillas of the intervention of Divine Power or mercy, could is the most important type for ocean escort destroyers and twenty escort vessels of a new Inquiries should be addressed to Miss S. and did annihilate the "lesser breeds," together work. To-day we have 60 cruisers, 21 of which type. Yet, in spite of protests, the naval build- M. Smith, Honorary Secretary, The Shiplovers' with their primitive fighting equipment. ing programme for the previous year did not are over age, whereas in 1918 we provided 50 Society of N.S.W. Younger Set, C/o. Captain These things are all very distressing and provide for the building of any destroyers or ships for ocean escort work, and the United Wade, 16 Bridge Street, Sydney. bewildering to some folks, very thought-pro- escort vessels. Had such ships been laid down a States of America supplied a great many more. PLEASE ASK A FRIEND TO JOIN THE voking to others, and to the uninitiated, year ago, we would be better placed to-day with Some of our old cruisers are being converted NAVY LEAGUE thought-paralysing. into special anti-aircraft ships which will form regard to the defence of trade. October, 1939 S 4 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL cultural and industrial methods are being deve- Estonia RESOURCES OF BELLIGERENTS loped rapidly. Agriculture accounts for 21,6% Population 1,131,125. Area 18,632 aq. miles. of production, and industry 78.4%. Most northerly of the Baltic States. At this unhappy time, when powerful nations (Including Austria, Bohemia, Moravia) Self-supporting as far as essential foodstuffs Agriculture and dairy farming are the chief are at war, some facts regarding their resources Arable land of Germany and Austria totals are concerned; considerable amounts of wheat industries, engaging 60% of population, and are not without interest. 48,521,317 acres, and total area under cultiva- and other products are exported. 10,789,959 acres in area. tion 71,810,256 acres. Grain harvest in 1938, Iron mined now exceeds 30,000,000 tons. Oil Principal imports are raw cotton, woollen Great Britain 25,900,000 tons. Bohemia and Moravia, recently production is also in the neighbourhood of this yarns, iron and steel, and sugar. Chief exports Population 47,289,000. Area 89,041 sq. miles. annexed, provide new sources of food supply. figure. Russia is, after the United States, the are butter, timber, cellulose and flax. Endowed with vast natural resources of coal, Forest area is estimated at 31,000,000 acres. second largest oil-producing country in the The oil shale industry is also considerable, iron and steel, with well-organised and equip- Iron and steel industry is extensive, 18,655,000 world. Steel production is 18,000,000 tons. output reaching 765,500 tons. The output of ped industrial system. A Royal Commission tons of iron and 22,991,000 tons of steel (to Gold deposits are now being extensively crude oil is 63,440 tons. estimated some years ago that the coal re- which may be added 2,000,000 tons Czecho- worked. Production is in the neighbourhood ot Latvia sources, with the rate of output of over 250 7,000,000 fine ounces, giving a value in excess 1 slovak output in 1938, 700,000 tons Austria Population 1,971,000. Area 25,395 sq. miles. million tons a year, could last for five cen- of £50,000,000 last year. 1937) being produced in 1938. Germany con- Latvia is predominantly agricultural. Its chief turies. Output for 1938 was 219,760,285 tons.' sumes 7,000,000 tons of oil a year; about 33% European Russia includes the Ukraine, one Annual production of iron and steel is valued at exports are timber, butter and flax, to the value is produced from coal. of Europe's largest granaries, now producing of £5,000,000 annually. £278,000,000. Steel output, 11,000,000 tons. more than 125,000,000 tons of cereals, as well P< lish resources are not included. The harbours of Riga, Liepaja and Ventspils Of nearly 9,000,000 acres of arable land, as iron and coal in the Donetz basin. 1,800,000 acres are under wheat and nearly Russia provide natural outlets for the trade of Russia Several Baltic countries and Poland are now with Western Europe. The harbour of Riga is 450,000 under potatoes. 75% of total food sup- (Union of Soviet-Socialist Republics) in the orbit of Russia's influence. plies, which amount to £400,000,000 per annum, kept free from ice throughout the year. Population 170,126,000. Area 8,144,228 sq. m. Russia's influence has extended to her Baltic Latvia has 870 miles of land frontier, of which are imported. Under the Essential Commodities Stretches 4,000 miles across Europe and Asia, neighbours, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and Fin- Reserves Act, large stores of whale oil, food, 232 miles adjoin Estonia, 282 miles U.S.S.R., from the German frontier to the Pacific Ocean, land, and, apart from the commercial aspect, 353 miles Lithuania. fertilisers, petroleum and forage are stored in and occupies rather more than one seventh of these countries represent great strategical value various parts of the country. the land on the earth's surface. to their powerful neighbour. Oil output is negligible; present consumption, Its vast natural resources include all those The following facts are of interest. practically all imported, is 11,600,000 tons. required for modern civilisation, and both agri- USE OF WHITE AND BLUE ENSIGNS Britain's shipping is estimated at 14,000,000 Finland Population 3,667,067. Area 134,557 sq. miles. The White and Blue Ensigns of His Majesty's tons gross. Fleet are purely maritime flags, and in general With an area of 13,909,782 square miles and No European country is as wealthy in forestry (62,429,000 acres) except Russia, and saw-mills, their use on shore is incorrect. There has, a population of 500,870,000 in every continent however, been a customary extension of thai of the globe, the British Empire represents wood pulp, cellulose, and paper manufacture pro- vide the chief industries. use of the White Ensign from the harbour ship more than a quarter of the known land surface used as a fleet establishment, to barracks and and the population of the world. Entirely self-supporting in foodstuffs. Cereal crops total 1,506,277 tons, and potatoes 1,432,900 other buildings on shore, serving the same pur-, tons. Butter production is over 27,000 tons per pose. There has been a parallel extension of France the use of special ensigns from yachts, customs Population 41,950,000. Area 212,659 sq. miles. annum. vessels and the like to their headquarters on France is largely an agricultural country. Exports are chiefly timber, pulp, paper and the coast—the club house or customs office. There are some 125,000 square miles under cul- matches. Imports are metals, machinery, and It is common also for the White and Blue tivation and it produces over 80% of its food minerals. AND YOU'LL HAVE IT 1 Ensigns to be used on cenotaphs and other requirements. There are 42,000 square miles of Lithuania memorials to naval personnel. forest, which form an important part of the A quiet spot in the garden is safe enough Population 2,374,000. Area 20,400 sq. miles. With these exceptions, the use of these En- national wealth. for an old bone, but the Commonwealth Lithuania recently lost the Memel territory to signs on shore is improper. Special ensigns Iron and steel production amounts to Savings Bank is the safest place to plant Germany with an area of 1,099 square miles and worn by yachts are worn under the authority 16,000,000 tons. Coal mined 46,000,000 tons, your savings. You know where to find a population of 151,960. of an Admiralty warrant issued to the yacht, whilst some 66,000,000 tons are required for your money when you need it. You know The country is mainly agricultural, 76.7% of not to the yacht owner; they are the national consumption. The production of oil is at present that it is gathering interest month by the population being thus employed. colours of the yacht, not the personal flag of small, the great majority of 7,210,000 tons re- month—year by year. Unlike the bone The principal exports are meat, butter, flax, the owner, and the owner has no shadow of quired being imported. in the garden, it improves as the years eggs and timber, of which Great Britain took right to fly the yacht's flag elsewhere than on France has an extensive colonial empire with, go by. half, amounting to over £3,000,000. board the yacht Similarly, the White Ensign an area of almost 5,000,000 square miles and The transfer of Memel to Germany has re- is nothing else than the national colours of a a population of aome 65,000.000. SAVE WEEKLY —SPEND WISELY moved practically the whole of Lithuania's 56 ship of war in commission, and no past service The mercantile marine has a tonnage of some- miles of seaboard. in the Navy or other connection with the Navy thing over 3,000,000 tons gross. It has frontiers of 847 miles; 170 miles adjoin can make it correct to hoist it on private build- Germaay Germany, 353 miles Latvia, 320 miles to what ings on shore. It is equally incorrect for either Over 4,000 Branches and Agencies Population 91,667,694. Area 207,036 sq. miles. was Poland. ensign to be carried in processions or marches on shore. i THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL October, 1939 7 SEA CADET NOTES AUSTRALIAN RESERVISTS "VICTORY" TRAINING DEPOT, We are looking forward to seeing the Manly Division with their boat, as they have been NORTH SYDNEY striving lustily for twelve months to build a By L. R. V. Smith, O. in C. shed in order to take over the whaler held on Due to the general call up of Fleet Reserve, their behalf by Woolwich Division, and it seems Naval Reserve and Militia, we have had to quite likely that early summer will see their undergo drastic re-organisation in maintaining efforts repaid. this unit as an active body, but we have re- On a visit to Manly Division recently, it was placed all those called up, and the unit is once pleasing to see that the cadets drilled in a man- more running on normal routine. ner which reflects a great deal of credit on their We have taken into our strength new officers O.C. The Company was taken over by an in Mr. J. Hammond, Chief Officer, and Mr. B officer from "Victory" for the day, and the Murphy, Fourth Officer. We wish them ever/ Manly ratings co-operated • with him in every success in their jobs, and can assure them of possible manner, showing that their interest is the complete co-operation of the officers and in the Corps as a whole, and not merely an ratings who are at present attached to the individual interest. Depot. These officers have already settled down It is hoped to form a class of ratings to to hard work and are helping to keep the unit qualify for their Bronze Medallion within the up to scratch. next month, but that will, of course, depend on Mr. D. Smith (Chief Officer) has been granted future events. Leave of Abscnce for the duration of the war; This unit is receiving an increasing number his son, our mascot, still remains with us, and of new entries and, if the present flow continues, we hope to sec the Chief with us again later we will have to expand our training nights to on. allow for training schedules to be carried out The Sub-Branch Committee are still holding efficiently; the older ratings are finding their regular socials at which there is always a good hands full endeavouring to handle the large roll up, but there is still room for more. We classes now found necessary. are anxious in these times that ihe parents o~ We can, therefore, again report, "All's well all the cadets should, if possible, join up the at 'Victory' Depot." Committee, and so help to build the Company Complement of Officers into a still stronger body in order that there L. Smith, O.C.; J. Hammond, Chief Officer; may be a disciplined group of young citizens J. Turley, Second Officer; R. Chamerlain, Third ready to carry out any duty for which they may Officer; B. Murphy, Fourth Officer. be required now or in the future. Instructors Thirty ratings and three officers attended a J. Treers, Petty Officer; T. Murphy, Leading Memorial Service in honour of the men who paid Seaman; R. Goodhew, Leading Seaman; J. Madg- the supreme sacrifice in the loss of the H.M.S. wick, A/I«ading Seaman; R. Smith, A/Leading "Courageous," at All Saints' Church, Cammeray, on Sunday, 1st October. Seaman. Rear-Admiral Feakes, R.A.N. (R'td.), inspec- Members of Sub-Branch Committee ted the Church Party, and expressed his appre- Patron: Sir Thomas Gordon, Kt.; Vice- ciation of their appearance and efficiency. Patron: H. M. Barker, Esq.; Honorary Mem- We are still hoping to raise enough money bers: J. M. Prentice, Cyril James, Clifford by November to carry out the necessary repairs Arnold; President: Capt. W. Bell; Godmother: to No. 1 and No. 2 Whalers, which were damaged Miss Susan Bell; Chairman: W. Ellis, Esq.; during the year. The support of all interested Hon. Secretary: Miss B. Madgwick; Hon. in the training of Navy League Cadets will be Treasurer: Mrs. R. Brennan; Mr. W. M. Smith; very much welcomed by both the Committee and Mesdames Smith, Bayley, Wirth, Turner and Officers of the Unit. Dunn; Misses Fewkes, Bayley, Bonnelly, Naylor, Moore, Bracken. By courtesy, "S.ftl. Herald" The Company is very pleased to welcome • Captain Beale back as Secretary of the Navy League, and Editor of the Journal. We assure THANKS him that the Sea Cadet Corps are still forging We take this opportunity of thanking Mr. At the double. A squad in pas masks during a course of intensive training. ahead as in the old days of his association with R. A. Lee for his kindly and useful gift of six us. books on the Royal Navy. October. 1939 8 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOUHNAI WARREGO TRAINING DEPOT JOIN THE NAVY LEAGUE By H. G. Collison, O.LC. Life Vice President £25 0 0 PITCAIRN ISLAND Life Fellow 10 0 0 (W.W.B.) During the past month, Woolwich has been Fellow (Annually) 110 doing some splendid work. Repairs to «both Member (Annually) .... 50 There are few Australians who are not fami- the native men by the surviving mutineers, is the gig and skiff have been completed, and Juvenile (Annually) .... 10 liar with the story of the mutiny on H.M.S. also history. some hard work has been done on the sea wall, Or contributions may be made for the "Bounty," but few have seen Pitcairn Island, On seeing this quiet, lonely island for the first which should be completed in the near future. express purpose of aiding the develop- where some of the mutineers and their Tahitian time it is hard to believe that it was the scene The competition for the best dressed rating, ment of the League's Sea Cadet Corps. womenfolk were to find sanctuary. of hatreos, bloodshed and death. Ten years sponsored by Martin's Naval Outfitters, was wo.i Additional support during the con- This almost inaccessible island is situated in after landing, only one white man—John Adams by:— tinuance of the war is most urgent and Latitude 25" 7" south and Longitude 130" 20" —and twenty-three children remained. R. Holloway (Writer), 1st, silver cup. necessary. west, and was discovered by Captain Carteret, The island rises steeply from the sea, and at- F. Barton (A.B.), 2nd, cash prize. PLEASE NOTE of H.M.S. "Swallow," on July 2nd, 1767. tains a height of one thousand feet. When R. Hamill (A.B.), 3rd, cash prize. Contributions of a suitable nature It was in October, 1788, that the "Bounty," approaching it from seaward on a clear morning are cordially invited, and should be it is plainly visible at a distance of fifty or The judging was very keen, only two points commanded by Captain Bligh, reached Tahiti. addressed to the Editor, the "Navy The stay in this enchanting island did not ter- sixty miles. The climate is almost perfect, being between first and second, and four points League Journal," Royal Exchange and the 130 (about) descendants of the mutin- between second and third. We extend our minate till April, 1789, but long before that Building, Bridge Street, Sydney. many of the crew had succumbed to the glamor- eers living there to-day take life easily. In hearty congratulations to the winners. The Navy League does not neces- the small valleys between the rocky ridges, a ous charms of the native women, and had be- little cultivation is carried on, fruit being the We are now training hard for the rowing sarily endorse the opinions of con- come demoralised under their ravishments. competitions to be held in the near future, and tributors to the Journal. staple product. Fishing is also a necessary job The climate, too, with its sunshine, softness in order to enjoy a change of diet, and the feel quite confident that we shall be able to Telephone B 7808 and ease, added to the reluctance of the horny- carry off the prizes. men are splendid boatmen, handling their fine, handed, but sentimental, seamen to leave such home-built whalers with great skill. On Sunday, 1st October, the senior Cadets a paradise ior another long passage across the took their O.I.C. ;ut sailing for the day, and seas. For warships, in those days, were not There are no beaches, and the landing place a very happy time was enjoyed by all. homes of rest, with chicken broth and custard at Bounty Bay is a natural shelving of flat rock, We are wondering who "Gummy" is. Could for the crew. And so it was that Captain Bligh suitable for small boats only in calm weather. any rating in the League tell us. MARTINS set sail with a disaffected company whose hearts "Warrego" would like to welcome Captain were hardly in their shipboard work. Three Beale back as Secretary to the League. Any Naval Outfitters weeks later the "Bounty" was off Tofua, in the of the League's Old Boys will remember Cap- (Established 20 years) Friendly Isles, when the lid blew off the PITHY SAYINGS tain Beale, and the good work he has done fo.- pent-up emotions of the men, and the mutiny War propaganda is truth and falsehood cun- the movement in the past. 1»« FLOOR took place. Captain Bligh and his 18 loyal com- ningly mixed together till both lose their iden- The following shows the strength of "War- 176 GEORGE ST. NORTH panions were cast adrift in a 23 ft. open boat, tity. rego" to dates— (NEAR QUAY) and their epic voyage of 3,600 miles across the • • • Pacific Ocean was begun. As all the world Mr. H. G. Collison, R.A.E., Officer in Charge; The more truly civilised a man becomes, the knows, Bligh and his castaways, after 48 days Mr. H. O. C. Farr, Chief Officer (on extended more he is willin* g to conside* r • his fellow-men. of incredible hardships, reached Coupang, in leave); R. Croskill, R.A.E., Chief Petty Officer. "The Navy League Store" the Dutch East Indies. Nothing is more irritating than truth, when Ratings:—C. Brownlow, S. Neely, D. Grant, R. Makers of regulation uniforms as sup- The "Bounty," with the remaining members that truth is unpalatable. Holloway, R. Almieda, K. Fry, F. Barton, B. plied to the Navy League Sea Caaet of the crew on board, and under the command • • • Edwards, J. Whyte, P. Whyte, H. Whyte, E. Corps since its inception in N.S.W. of Lieutenant Christian, passed through many We are but dust, the thought should make Lind; P. Fry, J. Scharkie, J. Barker, J. Her- vicissitudes before Tahiti was again reached. us humble. mon, R. Naylor F. Carpenter, P. Barker, R. Complete Uniforms, After many more difficulties among the crew » • * Hamill, B. Finch, J. Edwards, R. Whyte, J. including Suit, Cap, Ribbon Collar, had been settled, and a number of the sailors When men cease to be slaves to self-interest Griffin, J. Williams. had elected to stay at Tahiti, the "Bounty" —the world will be safe for mankind. The members of our Committee, to whom our Landyard, Silk, Front. finally sailed for Pitcairn, which was reached • • u sincere thanks are due for the good work they No. 2 Serge £2/5/- on July 23rd, 1790. The company comprised Deprive men of their grievances and all will are doing, are:—Mr. C. A. Fair land, President; No. I Serge, with cuff$ £2/12/6 nine mutineers, their nine wives, six native men be well. Mr. T. D. Ousby, Vice-President, Mr. Holloway, and three wives, and one native child. After • • * Hon. Secretary, Mrs. E. Williams, Hon Treas- stripping the ship of everything of value, she Scholarship is not necessarily synonymous urer. Committeemen:—Messrs. Lee, R. C. Col- was scuttled, and set on fire, and no trace of with wisdom. Official Outfitters to the lison, R.A.E., V. C. Collison, R.A.E.; Mesdames her remained. * • • Brownlow, Holloway, K. Collison; Misses L. Fox, Navy League Sea Cadet Corps The killing of five of the whites by the natives "No one shall go hungry, and no one shall V. Ford. in a brawl, and the subsequent killing of all feel cold."

10 THE NAVY LEAGUE October, 1939 II most powerful submarines. The "Surcouf," of »TH E SUBMARINE IN WARFARE 4,300 tons, is so well equipped that it could, in theory, torpedo four battleships at once. It Admiral J. E. Sommerville, when Commander- without increasing the total weight of the tor- can attain a speed of 20 knots, and can go 1,500 in-Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet, expressed pedo. miles without touching at a port. It holds the BIRT & COMPANY himself at the Naval Conference of 1936 thus: The speed of these death-fish, their range world record for submarines, cruising for 96 "No branch of the science of warfare has made and their reliability, have been considerably dsys without putting into port. such astounding strides in the course of the improved. Faster than an express train, at the Although it is not an aeroplane-carrying sub- (PTY.) LIMITED lsst ten years as the construction of submarines. uniform speed of 150 feet per second, the tor- marine like the two American submersible ves- The war of the future will be in the air and pedo speeds towards its target, although the sels mentioned above, the "Surcof," nevertheless, beneath the sea." latter may be at a distance of nine miles. Aim- contains a powerful bombing 'plane. The Italian A glance at the naval dockyards of Spithead. ing and range-finding are naturally effected fleet has nothing to be compared with this 4 BRIDGE STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W. underwater battleship. But as far as numbers Brest, La Spezia, San Francisco or Kiel con- with the help of special instruments, and cal- and tonnage are concerned, the Italian sub- firms the prediction of the British admiral. As culations in which mathematics figure promin- P.O. BOX 544 B„ G.P.O. ently and the human eye not at all. marine fleet has probably equalled, if not ex- a fact, during the last few years submarines ceeded, the French fleet. have become transformed into submersible It was about 1927 that the strange associa- cruisers, and what inventive brains in the ser- tion of the submarine with the aeroplane was —"S.M.H." vice of Mars have done in this sphere is truly first contemplated. A combination of the two • • 9 Alio at astonishing to the layman, who has been led was considered. Imaginative novelists had al- to believe that the submarine is losing its po- ready anticipated the aeroplane-submarine, but WAR AIMS? A.D. 1939 64 EAGLE STREET, BRISBANE tency as a weapon. modern science has not quite achieved that, Immediately after the Great War, the naval although the goal has been nearly reached. The Prime Minister of Britain:— MUSGRAVE COLD STORES, STANLEY STREET. experts of the victorious Powers considered the The Americans are far ahead in developing this "We will go on fighting till Hitlerism is ex- development of submarine science with the ob- new arm, combining the aerial and submarine terminated." SOUTH BRISBANE. elements. At present the United States Pacific ject of using submersible boats for transport- The Prime Minister of Australia:— Fleet possesses two submarines built specially ing troops and war material. In this race for "We are not fighting in order to dictate to for working in conjunction with aeroplanes. perfecting the submarine Britain at first took the German people what form of Govern- Each of these submersible boats contains 10 the lead. It is impossible to say whether she ment they shall have." Shipping and General Agents still occupies this position. The secrets of no aeroplanes, which are carried with it beneath branch of war industries are more jealously the waves. The submarine is equipped with Leader of British Liberal Opposition:— guarded than those of submarine construction. catapults for releasing the aircraft. Barely "War must go on till Hitler is broken." In any case, the transport of material is no 30 seconds elapse between the moment the sub- First Lord of the British Admiralty:— '.onger the only object The British Navy has marine appears on the surface and the take-off "There can be no peace till Nazism is over- Aq.nti in Australia for: some submarines of the H.67 type, which are of the aeroplane. thrown. Federal-Branch S.rvic. proper submarine transport ships. Sheffield Although from the beginning the builders Others affirm that we are fighting for the steelworks supply the special steel indispens- have endeavoured to strengthen the attacking preservation of liberty and freedom. If that is F.der.l Steam Navigation Co. Ltd., London power of the submarine, it has always been re- able for building these enormous submarines, so, why shoot all our arrows at Germany? Tho N.w Zealand Shipping Co. Ltd., London which have a far larger displacement than the garded, particularly by the smaller naval Germany declares that she is fighting for the older types. Submarines of the H.67 type can powers, as one of the most powerful means of Amnion and Australian Lina, Now York "reparation of an injustice," and that the Allies carry, besides the crew, 200 men with a large defence. The Italians, who have made a spec- Osaka Syos.n Kafoya iality of deep-sea diving and refloating work, are fighting for "its preservation." amount of ammunition. There is ample space Swedish Australia Lin. in which the men may move about. In addi- have now created an infantry brigade destined The bewildered man-in-the-street (eventually tion, the vessels can carry ten months' provi- to work in the submarines or in conjunction in his burrow) asks:— Swedish-Pec ifie Australia Dir.ct Lino sions for these 200 men. This type of vessel re- with them. Quite recently, at La Spezia, man- "Who is right?" "Is the war to make the Auttrafyid S.S. Co. Ltd., London quires only 15 seconds to plunge out of sight, oeuvres involving this "submarine infantry" world safe for National Socialism, for Com Montreal Australia N.w Zealand Lin. Ltd. and 20 seconds to come to the surface again. were carried out. The principal weapon in use munism, or for Capitalism ? Or are we fighting Improvements in torpedoes have also occu- is an extremely efficient saw to cut through the to destroy white civilisation?" Pacific Islands Transport Lin. pied the attention of submarine engineers, and chains and anchors of mines and to destroy the anti-submarine nets. There is little said about Mr. Stalin, although the whole of this form of artillery peculiar to he seems to be picking up rich plums and, if the submarine is now mechanised. - Torpedoes, At the same time, German engineers have appearances are any guide, would not refuse Cargo -,nd Passenger Services to United Kingdom, Conti- those queer fish of death, weighing sometimes perfected an apparatus which indicates the pre- the whole pie. over seven hundredweight, are placed auto- sence of floating mines within a radius of over nental, U.S.A.. Pacific end Eestern Ports. Full particulars But many independent thinkers keep their matically in the torpedo-discharge tube. By 600 yards. furnished on epplication. using a light metal, the explosive charge may Of all the countries whose fleets cruise in the bearings correctly, even in the fog of words, be increased from two to four hundredweight Mediterranean to-day, France has by far the and have no illusions about the real aims of the war. THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL October, 1939 13 Liverpool, where it was exhibited aa an "African PORTUGUESE REMAINS IN AFRICA relic." By LAWRENCE O. GREEN The fragments of the Diaz cross found by Captain Owen consisted of a marble base, round THE STAFF OF LIFE . . . on one side, and square (for the inscription) For centuries an impressive line of stone pil- replica was erected at Cape Cross. on the other; a block of hard, shelly limestone it a lars stood untouched on the lonely capes of Mystery and strange legends surround the such as is found in Portugal; and a shaft six STURDIER STAFF Southern Africa, marking the discoveries of Pillar of Sae Thiago which Diaz set up at Pedes- feet high. Apparently there were two crosses— Portuguese explorers who had sailed off the the iron one Which was never found, and a tal Point, near Luderitzbucht (formerly Angra if spread with charts of their day in search of new land. Pequena) in 1487. This harbour gave shelter, stone cross of the same breadth and thickness These "padraos," or commemorative pillars, in the early part of the nineteenth century, to as the shaft, with an inscription almost obli- are the most ancient relics left by Europeans whalers, sealers and vessels in search of guano; terated. The latter cross was seen by one of in South Africa. Most of them have been and many a wild, reckless crew wandered over Captain Owen's officers. NORCO BUTTER traced but it is possible that one or two of the coast that is now a forbidden area rich in Portions of the Pillar of Sae Thiago were the lost pillars still stand, as the Portuguese diamonds. These seafarers knew of the existence brought to Cape Town in a guano schooner Be sure to ask for ... navigators left them on coasts so remote that of the cross; but the first report of it came about the middle of last century, and were set no other white man has seen them from that from Captain Owen, R.N., in 1833. By that up in the shape of a cross at the entrance to day to this. time the pillar had been cast down and shattered, the South African Museum. It is fairly certain that one such pillar lies and the iron cross surmounting it had vanished. Portugal made vigorous efforts to recover buried beneath the sand and rocks of the Cape Such an act of vandalism might be easy to these relics of her famous men. Chevalier du of Good Hope; for Bartholomew Diaz is known explain when drunken crews were on shore in Prat, Consul for Portugal in Cape Town in to have placed one there, and it has never been a lawless harbour with nothing to do. But there 1865, made a successful claim for the upper part found. is a queer tale which I have heard in half-a- of the Diaz cross, which was taken from the The stories of the rediscovery of pillars and dozen different forms connected with this Pillar South African Museum to Lisbon. One of the fragments of pillars set up by Diogo Cam and of Sao Thiago. It is said that the tough sailor- original pieces remains in Cape Town. Another "THE BUTTER OF PERFECTION" Diaz form a dramatic sequel to a daring chapter men of the whalers overturned the pillar to fragment was taken to New Zealand by Sir of African exploration. Even after four cen- search for coins buried beneath it. George Grey, a former Governor of the Cape. turies the stone monuments—called after the Saints, and engraved with the Royal Arms of Then there was the report of Captain Parker It is not known how many pedestals Diaz Portugal and the names of the navigators— of the brig "Kirkwood," who dug beneath carried on the great voyage of discovery which could be identified beyond doubt. the broken pillar, through a layer of bird guano, took him round the Cape of Storms and past and excavated a deal box. "Upon opening the Algoa Bay. Records in the Lisbon archives, The first "padrao" to be erected in Africa however, make it clear that besides the Angra I X L P south of the equator was the Pillar of St. box a man with his arms across his heart and r o d u c t s looking us full in the face was presented to Pequena pillar, Diaz erected at least four more. George which Diogo Cam left at Shark's Point H.JONES fcCO our view," wrote Captain Parker. "The features After leaving Angra Pequena, Diaz next visited IXL JAMS on the south bank of the Congo in 1482. Accord- a bay which he called Angra das Voltas, near ing to a local legend, this precious relic was betrayed an expression of terror. His garments were light, and his hands had not been used to the mouth of the Orange River. Here again used as a target by a ship in the slave days. the cross stood like a beacon marking a treasure IXL CANNED Some of the fragments were collected by the hard work. We brought him and a portion of the cross to St. Helena." chest of diamonds worth millions. How different FRUITS natives, were recovered by the Portuguese, and the history of South Africa would have been if are now to be seen in the Geographical Museum The preservation of the body of this un- Diaz had carried the first gems back to Europe! at Lisbon. The main pieces were taken on board known man is explained by a peculiar property IXL TOMATO a vessel for shipment to Europe and were lost of the soil of the South-West African coast, A third pillar, the Padrao da Cruz, was left when the vessel sank. which has an embalming effect. Probably the on a small island in Algoa Bay, possibly St. SAUCE Croix Island; a fourth, Padrao San Gregario, During his first voyage in 1482, Diogo Cam chcmical constituents of the guano (phosphates) IXL BAKED ere responsible for it. to the east of Algoa Bay; and the last, already set up the Pillar of St. Augustine just south mentioned, at the Cape of Good Hope. BEANS of Mossamedes in Angola. This, too, is preserved Two interesting riddles are suggested by Cap- in the Lisbon Museum; and a reproduction of tain Parker's report. Was the body that of an There is reason to believe that some small IXL SPAGHETTI the pillar stands on the cape to remind sailors officer who sailed with Diaz, and had re- fragments of the Padrao San Gregario were Plain & Curried to-day of the great navigators of the past. mained there mummified through the centuries? found many years ago and thrown away in And why did Captain Parker explore the site Three years later. Cam made a second voyage ignorance of their historical value. But of the IXL DICED of discovery, reaching the place now known as of the Diaz cross? It seems plain that he was others, not a sign—not a broken pillar or shat- Cape Cross, to the north of Swakopm-ixid. The influenced by cne of the many treasure legends tered cross—has been found. This is remarkable FRUIT SALAD "radrao" he set up there was not fmnd until that one still hears in Luderitzbucht; but the in view of the fact that most of the pillars were 1883, when the Captain of the German cruiser true details will never be known. •et up in lonely places, some of them places "Falke" landed a party there. The Emperor which became known within living memory. The AUSTRALIA'S BEST There were ghouls in those days, for a mum- ALL IXL PRODUCTS ARE of Germany ordered the removal of the pillar mified body—possibly that which Captain Parker natives would not touch these pillars—they re- to the Marine Academy at Kiel, and a wooden found—was shipped from South-West Africa to garded them with awe. QUALITY PRODUCTS

14 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL October, 1939 15 The Navy Leagui? BEEF EXTRACT GLOB Cockatoo Docks & N.S.W. Branch QNE HUNDRED Engineering Co. Pty. Ltd. Patron: POUNDS of tha primest beef Aroused E His Excellency The Governor of N.S.W., The Lord Wakehurst, K.C.M.G. to manufacture ono pound of GLOBCX Contractors to . . . President: ... no wonder it . X Rear Admiral J. B. Stevenson, C.M.G. . , . ulobex in i, 2. i H.M. AUSTRALIAN NAVY , , . • ,s r,ch ,n and S oz. jars or /lround each jar l..:u. l . , „„ / o Executive Committee: i, a folder eon- ku,lt,, b on* and L"r. T. H. Silk, M.I.C.E., M.I.N.A. (Chairman) laining a Urge .nd i. .n '" ""> " «""'- Ship-builders, Marine & General Engineers Sir Kelso King, S.S.D. Captain M.B.R. Blackwood, D.S.O., R.N. id.., food for kid. u "and" '1Z, apes to be made .. , Commander F.W. Hixson, O.B.E., C. M. C. Shannon •with Globex. . . . d'*S and 9'own-up». S.S.D. W. A. Mackay too. Its satisfying Inquiries invited Sir Thomas Gordon, Kt. Sir Walter Carpenter, K.B. flavour is a liquid Commander S. W. Spain J. L. Milson delight in beef tea. Commander J. Patrick, R.D.R.A.N.R. S. Cooper, S.S.D. Csoups or gravies . . . COCKATOO ISLAND Hon. Treasurers: Hon. Secretary: • and solidly delicious Sir Kelso King, S.S.D. C. M. C. Shannon Commander F. W. Hixson, O.B.E. S.S.D. in sandwiches. . . . SYDNEY Hon. Auditors: Secretary and Editor of Journal: Robertson, Crane and Gibbons W. W. Beale, O.B.E. Phone: W 1941 (10 lines) BEEF °BEX EXTRACT AIMS \M OBJECTS DF THE MVY LEAGUE The Navy League is a Voluntary Patriotic and perial Security. non-Sectarian Association of British Peoples, en- 3. To bring home to every person in the Em- For all happy occasions, afloat Recent Passenger Liners tirely outside party politics, desirous of render- pire that commerce can only be guarded or ashore, the hostess can show With Babcock Boilers: ing the greatest service of which it is capable from any possible attack by a Navy, in her individuality in the form "Strathallan" to the Empire, particularly in connection with Conjunction with the Air Force, sufficiently "Strathmore" all matters concerning the sea. It upholds as strong in all the elements which modern she serves . . . "Stratheden" the fundamental principle of National and Im- warfare demands. "Oreades" perial policy Complete Naval Protection for 4. To teach the citizens of the Empire, young British Subjects and British Commerce all the and old alike, that "it is the Navy where- ARNOTT'S With Babcock-Johnson Boilers World over. on, under the good providence of God, the "Arundel Castle" Its Objects are:— wealth, safety and strength of the King- "Windsor Castle" 1. To enlist on Imperial and National grounds, dom chiefly depend," and that The Exist- 1 CRISP SAO "Andes" the support of all classes in Maintaining the ence of the Empire, with the liberty ant "Orion" Navy at the Requisite Standard of Strength, prosperity of its peoples, No Less Depend! All above vessels are oil-fired. not only with a view to the safety of our on the Merchant Service, which, under the BISCUITS trade and Empire, but also with the object Sure Shield of the Navy, welds us into One With Babcock Boilers & Babcock of securing British prestige on every sea Imperial Whole. the lightest and most desirable Erith Marine Strokers: and in every port of the World. 5. To encourage and develop the Navy League base for savouries. Attractive, Two new mail steamers for the British Sea Cadet Corps not only with a view to 2. To convince the general public that expendi- too, with ham, paste, fresh or India S.N. Co. Ltd. ture upon the Navy is the national equiva- keeping alive the sea spirit of our race lent of the ordinary insurance which no sane but also to enable the Boys to Become Good stewed fruit and a simple epi- Citizens of the Empire, by learning discip- Babcock & Wilcox Limited person grudges in private affairs, and that curean delight with butter and Since a Sudden Development of Naval line, duty and self-respect in the spirit of Incorporated in England Strength Is Impossible, only Continuity of their motto—"For God, for the King, foi cheese. Australian Head Office and Works: the Empire." Preoaration can Guarantee National and Im- REGENT'S PARK, N.S.W. WILLIAM ARNOTT PTY. LIMITED. HOMEBUSH 16 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL July, 1939 LUNA PARK'S NEW PALAIS DE DANSE Dance tc 4"e Sweet Swing cf J'-ny Ccates' and His Palais ce Danse Swlrg Bv!- o. Ore shilling will provide >-.'»h a full evenings dancing cn the row F'octi-g PMa's de Dame a* Luna Pari. Every pven'rQ At 8 c.~.

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MANUFACTURED BY STEWARTS THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL The Australian Wire The Official Organ of the Navy League, N.S.W. Branch Rope Works AND Royal Exchange, 54a Pitt Street, Sydney. B7808 Pty. Ltd. Vol. 2—No. 11 (New Series) Sydney, November, 1939 Price 6d. LLOYDS (Aust. NEWCASTLE Pty. Ltd. TESTED FRIENDSHIP Japan and Australia

Prices and Particulars from the Company's rpHE general interests of Australia will well be German raiders, in addition to aiding Britain In Distributors: served by maintaining friendly relations other spheres. with Japan. Bullivant's Australian Japan's friendship for Australia still lives, un- Co. Pty. Ltd. tarnished by time, and tempered in the testing Australians remember, with feelings of pride fires of war. This quality of goodwill has lost 331 KENT STREET and gratitude, Japan's valued aid in the Great none of its influence on Australian statesman- HERBERT STREET War. Thousands of "Diggers" will recall the SYDNEY ship, and our people may confidently invest in picture of the powerful Japanese cruiser "Ibuki," Japan a reciprocal approbation, esteem and together with H.M.S. "Minotaur" and H.M.A.S.'s goodwill. J. R. Reid & Sons ST. LEONARDS "Sydney," "Melbourne" and "Philomel" convoy- ing the forty-eight troopships conveying the The wide stretches of the north and south 401-403 KENT STREET first Australian and New Zealand troops from Pacific provide ample room and opportunity for SYDNEY Australia to Egypt in October, 1914. From that Japan and Australia to achieve their respective time to the end of the war Japan voluntarily destinies in an atmosphere of amity and assisted in protecting Australian commerce from generous co-operation. —THE EDITOR.

November, 1939 I WAR AIMS WAR AND HUMAN NATURE Is it not one of the creations of England's By S. J. CANTOR greatest son—or is he prophet—who is made to say something about "Conscience makes cowards of us all?" The British Empire is at war because no which determined for all time the sovereign adequate form of international political organ- rights of the people; and as a consequence men Even so, there is a wide and insistent demand isation exists to guarantee and maintain per- can say with truth that the King reigns but for a more precise statement of Allied war aims. manent peace. Speaking to all his subjects on Parliament governs. Doubtless these will be forthcoming. A crusade the day which brought the Empire into that war Not many centuries ago clans in Scotland in a just cause clearly understood engenders a against Germany, His Majesty the King used fought one against the other; but goverment confident and more enthusiastic response in the these momentous words: "We have tried to find brought peace where there was war, despite the minds of thoughtful men, and hardens the re- a peaceful way out of the differences between fact that it is human nature for men to fight. solve to go forward unanimously to victory, ourselves and those who are now our enemies, England and Scotland were once wont to go to whatever the cost. but it has been in vain." But national efforts war with each other; but the act of union fin- Ship by Patrick Steamers . . . necessarily are destined to fail where inter- alised the end of the rule of force, all disputes A clarification of war aims should include the national organisation, such as it is, also fails. between the two peoples arc now resolved by vitally important economic and territorial ad- Ship by Patrick Steamers and be sure of The war, in the existing global circumstances, rule of law. justments and reciprocal sacrifices necessary to the molt careful handling of fragile cargo. was inevitable enough; but is war really inevit- Apologists for war carefully stress that— effect an enduring peace settlement—a settle- Prompt and safe delivery if assured. Mark your ordert "Ship per Patrick Steamer" able? as they allege—it brings many benefits to man- ment having no place for injustice, repressions, and get all the advantages of Patrick It is said very frequently by many otherwise kind; but to whom does it bring advantages to- bitterness, trade restrictions, reprisals, balance service. well informed people that there will always be day? Certainly not to the soldier, wearily of power politics and the like. war, because (they allege) it is in human nature slogging along the muddy road and later tossing "Let live, and live" should be the motto of oil JAMES PATRICK & CO. that men must fight. Let it be granted that it on the bed of pain. Surely not to aged parents responsible statesmen. Unless a more Christ- PTY. LTD. is natural to fight; does it not inevitably follow somewhere in Poland or France or Canada, like spirit permeates the Councils of Nations, SCOTTISH HOUSE, BRIDGE STREET. SYDNEY that war will remain. 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Yet American republic, after they gained their in- Insure Australian Property in an Australian a little more than a thousand years ago there dependence, were more than once on the verge Buy One for Your Home, and Insurance Company were seven kingdoms in England; and at times of war, but they wisely changed their confedera- Keep Your Boys Happyl those kingdoms were at war one with another. tion into a federation and lived at peace. That Why is there domestic peace in England to-day? great federation has provided valuable lessons There is only one answer—there is government. for the people of the world; chief among those Heiron & Smith (Salonola) Head Office: Those seven kingdoms united as a heptarchy; lessons being the necessity of giving the Federal Pty. Ltd. 117 Pin STREET :: SYDNEY complete unification came under the strong rule Government adequate power. The constitution of William, the Conqueror. The King's peace of that great union profoundly influenced that of 141 ELIZABETH ST. SYDNEY KELSO KING, Managing Director was broken only once; in those stirring times Canada when the Dominion was in the making; Telephone: M 2355 when Cavalier fought Roundhead, a struggle and that of the Australian Commonwealth.

THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL November, 1939 3 Human nature has not changed—or it has certainly no small amount of the revenue of AUSTRALIAN MADE changed very little—since man first trod upon nations to-day is required because of the con- the surface of this planet; but there is no war tinuance of the system of war. Economic diffi- between, say, Pennsylvania and Massachussets culties can in any case be smoothed out more despite economic and other rivalries, because a easily by law than by war, by reason than by superior power, the federal government, has force of arms; for war remedies nothing and been created with means and authority to keep injures everyone. the peace. It is much the same in other federa- tions. The British Commonwealth of Nations The pugnacious instinct—like all instincts— serves a useful purpose in man. Righteous anger can be regarded as a form of personal union, or displayed on behalf of the weak and the oppress- as an elementary federation. Canada is a ed is a good thing, and the fighting instinct federation, one in which all the power was given serves a noble purpose often in righting wrongs by the states to the union and in which some But it is not good that each nation should be a of the powers were delegated by the union back judge in its own cause and an avenger in what it to the states. Other federations include Switzer- considers to be its wrongs. land, with its medley of races and languages; Russia and Brazil. All these federations have Within the nation before justice and law were been successful. fully established the blood feud existed, with revenge and retaliation taking toll of many lives Apart from federal union there is unification. through many years. In the world of nations In the unified state all powers have been given the blood feud lives on—trial by combat re- to the union by the original states concerned. mains. War must go as the blood feud system The Union of South Africa is an instance of has gone, as piracy and privateering have gone unification, all powers being surrendered to the —always and forever. War has become too union, the uniting provinces being granted each deadly an evil, corrupting the whole lives of an administration. It is to such a union that nations, deteriorating the race and breaking H. G. Wells and others look forward as a means down that civilisation which has been built up of lasting peace; but it is far more probable with difficulty through many centuries. The cost that some powers only would be granted to the of war—the greatest of all national industries— union, which therefore would be federal in form. has become also too burdensome; its results are It must be remembered, however, that such a seen in poverty, unemployment, malnutrition federation may eventually become a unity when and disease. War itself has become more than a nations finally grant it all their remaining festering sore; to-day it is a cancer sapping at powers. the vitals of human kind. It is often alleged that economic and political Human nature remains unchanged; but the in- difficulties stand in the way of world federal stinct of pugnacity can be sublimated and turn- union; but they never did stand in the way of ed into useful channels. That instinct can be other federal unions. Political difficulties them- manifested in healthy rivalry, in international selves are only economic difficulties in uniform. games, in joust and tournament; but war must Certainly war has never been able to overcome go. At the next Peace Conference all nations— those economic rivalries. They exist to-day in victors, vanquished and neutrals—must be greater degree than they did before the Great present. It is for their governments to heed War; and war itself destroys men's markets. the desire of the people of the world—the desire Men in England did not profit after the Treaty for perennial peace. It is for the representatives of Versailles gave them ships and engines from of all the nations to put forward plans for a Germany; shipwrights and engine-makers in constitution that will be a supreme improvement England were put out of work as a result. Mer- upon the Covenant of the League of Nations. chants who traded freely with Germany before The experience of twenty years has indicated 1914 found themselves unable to do business as the strength and the weaknesses of that League, By courtesy "S.M. Herald." freely in 1920 and onwards; while the great and the stark necessity for world federation. , economic depression certainly wiped out any profits (if any) that had been made by the war. Human nature does not change; and human These powerful anii-airrraft guns are deterrents against air raids. Tariff barriers do not add to wealth; nor are beings still desire romance, happiness, security, customs duties necessarily the best means of peace and life. The world can surely supply all They are note manufactured in Australia. raising revenue: for they bear more hardly on needs; it is international organisation, or the the poorer classes than on the wealthier; and lack of organisation, which prevents a more

THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL November, 1939 5 equitable distribution of all ita treasures. But EXISTING CONDITIONS the pugnacious instinct does remain. Therefore, Speakers and writers frequently emphasise WILLIAM DAMPIER must there be created the Parliament of Man that "existing conditions," i.e., the economic con- and the Federation of the World; therefore, ditions of the masses, are vastly superior to con- A Great Adventurer must there imperatively needs be the means of ditions existing in the past. That is not denied. making, administering and enforcing world law; It implies that conditions are not static. There therefore, too, must there surely be that grand is nothing dangerous or unnatural in the lawful By A.H. union to guarantee, preserve and maintain the desire of men to improve their lot. The grave peace that will endure. So will the old world danger lies in the selfish and unnatural desire caneers—who literally infested those waters— pass, and wars will be no more. William Dampier was an Englishman, and, as of other men to prevent or retard by various far as we know, the first member of our nation the famous—or rather infamous—Spanish Main. —"The Practical Patriot." * * # means large scale fulfilment of that legitimate to visit the shores of New Holland, as Australia Dampier's doubtful friends may have pointed desire. was then known. In all, this voyager made two out that larger profits could be made by robbing Human behaviour is influenced in the main, "Existing conditions" may suit in large merchant ships than by sailing in them as a not by religion, but by poverty or wealth. visits to the great Southland, and we are in- # * * measure certain classes of men to-day; it all debted to him for a splendid collection of de- nember of their crews, for our hero's next move depends on how their interests are affected. scriptive data, and sketches of flora and fauna was to give up peaceful sailorizing, and to join A reader asks "What is Nazism?" an expedition to Campeachy Bay, for the dual Nazism is said to be the moving force within "Existing conditions" are no new thing. They seen by him on the occasions of his trips to New form the rungs of the ladder of recorded history. Holland. purpose of log cutting and piracy. Apparently a State, representing the undivided will of the the labour entailed in felling trees soon palled on nation. Present "existing conditions" are the topmost rung to-day, but a hundred years hence to-day's William Dampier was born in Somerset, in the Dampier's companions, for the buccaneers gave Under Nazism "The State is required to make conditions will be many rungs from the top. In up log cutting, and turned their attention to the it possible for all citizens to carry out their year 1652. His parents were honest farming other words, "existing conditions" are merely folk, of good yeoman stock, and they saw to it town of Portobello, which they attacked, cap- appointed tasks and to become part-owners of the stepping off point to higher achievements. tured, and sacked. Dampier's share of the loot the means of production." And, further, "the that young William had as good an education as But since the dawn of democracy the rate of the times and their circumstances would permit. was £30. needs of the State take priority of those of ;he progress has accelerated. Democracy, with its individual." • » * The good people did not live to hear of their At this stage I must remark on a strange franchise and its inherent power of equitable son's adventures, for they died whilst William feature of Dampier's character; he was a The removal of Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin. taxation, points the way to millions of its ad- was in his early teens. Although keenly in- singularly poor pirate; the leaves of his diary Chamberlain, Roosevelt, Deladier, or any other herents to the enjoyment of a fuller life. It is terested in agricultural and botanical subjects, show page after page of botanical observations, for the people to use aright their servant de- political figure would still leave unsolved the young Dampier must have been badly affected and little or nothing of his piratical doings. The world's basic problems—problems of production, mocracy, and the day will come when there will by the wanderlust, for, acceding to his requests, be no empty bellies in the framework of "exist- fact is that he was more or less uninterested in disposal, economic availability of raw materials, his guardians allowed him to go to sea. He piracy as a career, and devoted most of his national living standards, unemployment, migra- ing conditions." Mechanics will help to hasten made his first voyage when he was eighteen spare time to the study of birds, plants and in- tion, and other important matters vital to a this happy day the more they are controlled for years old, in the year 1670. He crossed the warless world. * » » the service of the common weal. sects. He would go into rhapsodies over a Atlantic to Newfoundland in a tiny little craft, flower, or gaily hued butterfly, whilst the sack- Poland's rule over her Ukrainian territories Notwithstanding "Man does not live by and the hazards and the discomforts of the ing and looting of a city, or capture of a ship, is a daily conquest, an incessant aggression. bread alone," a wider sharing of the "profits of passage nearly cured Dampier of his love for would leave him unimpressed. One does not the earth" will strengthen the foundations of the sea. However, he decided to carry on, with —H. N.* Brailsford* #. in the year 1934. often hear of a naturalist among the blood- human society, and build new roads to the haven the proviso that future voyages would be con- thirsty "Brethren of the Coast." A wise and courageous speech can lift a man of permanent peace and laughter on earth. fined to warmer seas and latitudes. Accordingly, his next voyage was to Java, where he stayed Dampier and his freebooting companions in the estimation of his fellows in a quarter of If Christianity, lived aright, is not the yeast landed on Darien|—the Isthmus of Panama - of social evolution, what then is it? "To each two months. Whilst there, the lure of the an hour—it takes many years of silence to make which they crossed, to seek loot on the Pacific men recognise your work. according to his needs," and man's material Tropics and the mysterious East must have needs change in time and place, and are satisfied taken hold of him—however, more of that later. side. A cruise along the coast in either canoes —S. F. Wicks. or a captured ship proved fruitless, and, at the * * » by a more equitable distribution of the fruits of progress on the ladder of "existing conditions." island of Juan Fernandez—the storied desert The only impartiality possible to the human He returned to England and enlisted in the isle of "Robinson Crusoe"—the pirate band mind is that which arises from understanding —W.W.B. Navy, where he had his share of hard knocks barely escaped capture by three Spanish ships neither side of the case. * * ^ ROWING and dangers, fighting against the Dutch in 1673. which were on the lookout for them. In the —Lor• d «Chie f» Justice Hewart. Leaving the Service in 1674, Dampier obtained hurry to get away from Juan Fernandez, the Mosman Rowing Club's Annual Regatta was the post of sub-manager of a Jamaica planta- buccaneers left behind them an Indian member Dim as the borrowed beams of moon and stars held on the Lane Cove River on October 28th, tion. The life of a sugar planter did not suit of the party, of whom more anon. To lonely, weary, wandering travellers when the Navy League entered Sea Cadet crews him; it must have been monotonous to one who After their escape from the Spaniards, the Is reason to the soul: and as on high, from North Sydney, Woolwich and Manly Com- had seen the wonders of the sea in ships, and, These rolling fires discover but the sky, panies. pirates began to disagree among themselves; tiring of his easy shore life, he returned to his arguments cropped up, and the result was that Nor light us here, so Reason's glimmering ray North Sydney and Woolwich whalers' crews former calling. Dampier made several coast- Was lent, not to assure our doubtful way, put up a splendid struggle over a half mile ing voyages around the West Indies, and whilst the party split up; one section remaining on the But guide us upward to a better day. course, victory going to Woolwich by a length engaged in these, scraped acquaintance with Pacific coast, the other recrossing the Tsthmus —Dryden. and a half. many of the freebooting fraternity—the buc- (Continued on page II.) 15 6 •THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL November, 1939 SEA CADET NOTES COMMANDING AUSTRALIA'S NAVY

"VICTORY" TRAINING DEPOT "WARREGO" TRAINING DEPOT North Sydney By H. G. COLLISON, O. in C. By L. R. Y. SMITH, O. in C. It is pleasing to report that the Cadets of On Sunday, 15th October, the Navy League this unit are entering into their boat training Sea Cadets attended the Annual Service for Sea- activities with the greatest enthusiasm. Al- farer* at St. Andrew's Cathedral. This service though they have won two hard-fought rowing is attended by the Cadets each year, ami serves races recently, the lads realise that they have to remind them of the sacrifices made by our their work cut out to beat North Sydney again, fathers and forefathers in keeping the Merchant and they are not resting on their oars or taking Service at the high standard at which we know any chances. it. The parade was attended by thirty ratings The next meeting between the three Com- and one officer from "Victory," and seven ratings panies should produce a first class tussle, and from "Manly." we don't make any rash prophecies as to the likely victors. We know that all the crews will We feel a certain amount of disappointment give of their best, and may the hardest triers in not winning the Royal Sydney Yacht Squad- ron's rowing race this year, as it is our third triumph! successive second, but the best crew won, and C.P.O. Crosskill and the O.C. will lie doing a we heartily congratulate Woolwich Division on month's training with the Colours at Dapto, but their two fine victories this month. Without ex|>ect to be on duty again at this de|>ot on depreciating the credit due to Woolwich. I think December 13th. that Manly Division deserve the prizes for their P. Phillipe, formerly Leading Seaman in thin excellent spirit. unit, has been transferred to H.M.A.S. "Ven- detta" for duty. It must be remembered Manly have no boat "Warrego" lads have started to train for the in which to train their crew, yet they entered sailing races later in the season, when we hope both races, pulling like veterans, after little or to meet opponents from North Sydney and no training, finishing the course in each case. Manly Cadets. It is this spirit, finishing last in a race, but still Mr. R. C. Collison, who was associated with smiling, which must be encouraged. Anyone this Company for many years, will shortly marry can smile with a cup in their hands, but it takes Miss L. Fox, of Hunter's Hill. They will have tty courtesy "S.M. Herald." some spirit to smile and cheer after receiving the very best wishes of all the members of Wool- nothing after such splendid efforts. Rear-Admiral J. C. ('.rare (left), who lieu lahon command of the Royal Autlralian Naral wich Old and New boys. Squadron, conferring with I'iee-Admiral Sir Radnor Coir in. Firtl Naval Member of the Well, on with the show; our cutter is slipped Mr. Collison. "Ray," as he was known to all, Naral Board. for overhaul, but we hope to be using her again rowed stroke for our champion crew from 1927 in a few weeks. The unit is still receiving a to 1935. He took part in 104 races altogether, considerable number of new entries and en- and stroked 80 to victory. Some record for an Shield. This well-known trophy was won. by opportunity to take their places in the boats. quiries, but unfortunately very little money is old Sea Cadet! Woolwich three years running, and they were Every effort should therefore be made to try coming in to buy the necessary equipment to This Company warmly welcomes the interest entitled to claim the shield permanently. The out as many Cadets as possible before the keep this increased number busy. and support of Mr. W. Jeffries, of Hunter's Hill. Company, however, as a sporting gesture, de- final choice of crews is made by their respective A slight injury occurred to one of our cadets We hope that Mr. Jeffries' interest will long con- cided that it would be in the best interests of Companies. some weeks ago, necessitating two stitches in tinue, and we sincerely thank him for his very the Sea Cadet Corps if they allowed a con- After the race? (the first will start at 3.30 his hand. We are glad to report he is now well, generous donation to our funds. tinuance of the competitions for the Shield. The p.m., and the second about half an hour later) and wish to acknowledge his mother's (Mrs. Mr. Jeffries is invited to our depot on the League is very glad indeed that the race will the Cadets from all Companies will be enter- Stewart, of Hornsby) generous donation of ten afternoon of Saturday, December 16th, to meet be held again this year, and it is hoped that tained at Woolwich Depot. shillings to the Depot's funds. the Cadets, and to witness the rowing races. We there will be a good roll up of Cadets, and that All Navy League Sea Cadets are invited to be I would also like to wish ratings Healy and hope he will be present. good crews will compete. present, even if they are not members of the McKeown a speedy recovery from their appen- • • • A second race in whalers for No. 2 crews will boats' crews. dicitis operations. We hope to see them both on also be held over a shorter course the same » * » duty quite soon. Officers in Charge of Companies are requested to note that the final rowing races of the year afternoon, and Commanding Officers are invited Cadets are invited to submit to the Editor Miss Bonnelly, mentioned in the October to make the necessary arrangements for their Journal, should read Miss Donnelly. will be held on the Lane Cove River on Saturday, jokes suitable for the Journal. The O.C., North December 16th. The first race for No. 1 crews entry. Sydney, has promised a prize of 5/- for the joke (See Race Notes, page 16.) (whalers) will be a contest for the Cochrane These races will give more Cadets an selected as the best. 15 8 •THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL November, 1939 REQUIEM "WILLIAM DAMPIER"— that island. This would permit the British to "Courageous" "Royal Oak" JOIN THE NAVY LEAGUE enter the trade in the Spice Islands, and it Continued from page 7. would also, by reason of Mindanao's proximity By A. R. BELL TERMS OF MEMBERSHIP : to New Holland, give England a chance to Their grave the sea! the grey North Sea. Fellow £110 of Panama to the Atlantic seaboard; friend Dampier was a member of the latter band. This prosecute some enquiries concerning the The sky their shield; the stars their crest. per annum, with Journal post free. mysterious new land. No sculptured stone shall mark their rest, Member 10 6 portion of the original party again split up, the But wind and rain in requiem, per annum, with Journal post free. members joining various freebooting companies, The pirate crew soon tired of Captain Swan, Perpetuate the worth of them Member 5 0 and after a period of further wandering, fight- and, one fine day, sailed off, leaving him ashore Who die for Liberty. per annum without Journal. ing and naturalizing, Dampier retired to Vir- at Mindanao most probably to that nervous ginia with his accumulated share of plunder, to SUBSCRIPTION FORM gentleman's great relief. After capturing a few Until eternal dawn shall break: lead for a time a peaceful and possibly lawful ships in the neighbourhood of Manilla, the life. However, his restless spirit only permitted Unfettered still and free, I)»tc 193 pirates left the Phillipines and visited Tonkin, him to remain thirteen months in apparent re- Cochin China, Formosa and the Basu Islands. Known but to God, at peace with all; spectability; after that time had elapsed the Their sanctuary—a grave at sea! Please enrol my name as a They then determined to sail around the East old urge to be up and doing possessed Dampier, Coast of the Phillipines to Cape Cormorin, of the NAVY LEAGUE, N S W Branch, for and he joined a privateer—polite term for and to enter the Indian Ocean in the vicinity "VENDETTA" TRAINING DEPOT licenced pirate—bound for the South Sea. Cape of Timor. This plan was carried out, and By G. H. SMITH, O. in C. which 1 enclose value Horn rounded, the ship made for Juan Fer- from Timor the "Cygnet" was headed south. nandez. Here the marooned Indian who had been Two of this unit's late officers are now serv- I s. d On 4th January, 1688, a point of land was left ashore by his companions on the occasion sighted in latitude 17 degrees south, and ing in the Armed Forces for the duration of the of Dampier's former visit to the island, was war. They are Messrs. Grant and Frost. We Name the pirates made a bay in a broad sound, rescued. The man's joy at being saved after where they anchored. The point is now wish them the best of luck and a safe return isolation for a period of three years can readily after the war. Address known as Cape Leveque, the sound King Sound, be imagined. After a cruise along the coasts the bay, Cygnet Bay. These lie in the Buccaneer The co-operation of the "Victory" Depot, O.C. For further information as to enrolling as a member of Peru and Chile, Dampier left the privateer, of the League please communicate with the Sec- Archipelago, and Dampier and his companions and Company, enabled our Manly Cadets to take and joined another vessel which had, for a time, had come upon the northwest coast of Aus- part in the recent boat races at Neutral Bay and retary, Navy League, Royal Exchange, Pitt Street, Sydney 'Phone B 7808 been sailing in company with her. This vessel, tralia. The origin of the name of the Archi- the Lane Cove River. Their assistance and the "Cygnet," of London, was commanded by a peligo is apparent, and what we know as the sportsmanship have been greatly valued by all Captain Swan, whose crew had forced him to Kimberley district, and the towns of Broome and hands. turn pirate. The connection between Swan and Derby, lie in its vicinity. Thus we have our first Congratulations to P.O. Gidley on winning "Cygnet" seems an apt one. record of Englishmen on the Australian coast. the "Palmer" prize; also to Woolwich crews on gaining handsome victories in the recent row- Swan's sole idea was to escape from his Dampier's impression of Australia and its in- ing races for Navy League Sea Cadets. ruffianly companions, and with this object in Parents of Cadets and other friends of Manly habitants does not seem to have been a very view he proposed a trip to the Phillipines, where good one. Listen to portion of his description, Company are cordially invited to attend our he hoped to leave the "Cygnet" and to return taken from his journal:— meetings at the Depot, East Esplanade, Manly, to London. The crew, Dampier included, agreed the first Monday in the month. The O.C. will sup- to the suggestion, and although poorly pro- "A dry and dusty soil . . . destitute of water ply, on request, any information required. visioned and equipped for the long voyage unless you make wells ... no fruit or berries . . . Cadets who wish to associate themselves with across the Pacific, the vessel was headed north- the people are the most miserable in the world the Volunteer Coastal Patrol should notify their west for Manilla. A call was made at Guam, in . . . the Hodmadods of Monomatapa, though a O.C., and also obtain the written consent of the Ladrone group, where a quantity of fresh nasty people, are as gentlemen to these, who their parents, as the Navy League accepts provisions was obtained, and finally, after a have no houses or skin garments, sheep, poultry, no responsibility for their actions outside its hazardous and lengthy voyage, the "Cygnet" or fruits of the earth, ostrich eggs, etc., as the jurisdiction. Hodmadods have, and, setting aside their human » « ». arrived at Mindanao, in the Phillipines. Here the crew of the "Cygnet" hoped to obtain letters of shape, they differ but little from brutes. They The Aaland Islands have been in the public marque, or a privateering licence, from the are tall, strait-bodied and thin, with small, long eye recently. They form an archipelago of some native Prince, thus enabling them to plunder limbs. They have great heads, round foreheads, three hundred islands lying in the Gulf of Both- ships around Manilla, without violating their and great brows. Their eyelids are always half- nia, and they are of the greatest strategical consciences. One is inclined to think that even closed to keep the flies out of their eyes, they importance. if the letters of marque had not been forthcom- being so troublesome here that no fanning wiil The area is some 572 square miles, and the ing, the plundering would have gone on just the keep them from coming to one's face, and with- population is approximately 27,000, speaking same! out the assistance of both hands to keep them the Swedish language, although the islands form off, they will creep into one's nostrils, and mouth, part of Finland. Whilst at Mindanao, Dampier was struck with too, if the lips are not shut very close. They Dairying, cattle raising and fishing are the the idea that the English East India Company have great bottle noses, pretty full lips and wide chief sources of income to the inhabitants. should establish a factory, or trading station on mouths. The two fore teeth in their upper 15 10 •THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL November, 1939 jaws are wanting in all of them ... neither have time was a skilled navigator, cartographer, sea- passage between it and New Guinea which now they any beards. They are of long visaged and man and pilot, was given command of a man-of- bears his name—Dampier Strait. The condition very unpleasing aspect, having not one graceful war, for the purpose of making a voyage of ex- of the "Roebuck" now forbade any further ex- feature in their faces. Their hair is black, short ploration to the Southland. Dampier was well ploring, and she was headed about, and returned and curled, like that of the Negroes, and not qualified for the post in all points save one; he west along the north New Guinea coast to Timor. long and lank like that of the common Indians. lacked the quality of leadership so necessary for On the way from Timor to the Cape of Good BIRT & COMPANY The colour of their skins, both of their faces the successful handling of his hard-case crew. Hope Dampier fell ill, and the ship returned to and of the rest of their bodies, is coal black, The crew, as Dampier remarked, were incom- Batavia, where she was reprovisioned, and re- like that of the Negroes of Guinea. Their cos- petent, dirty, smellful, rebellious, murderous, fittted after a fashion. Leaving Batavia, (PTY.) LIMITED tumes consist of a piece of the rind of a tree, and heartless enough to the voyage at best. Dampier worked his ship across the Indian and a handful of grass or bough." Dampier Quite a select company to share the discomforts Ocean, around the Cape of Good Hope, was certainly caustic in his description of the of a small ship on a cruise which was bound to and into the South Atlantic, as far north 4 BRIDGE STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W. occupy at least two years. Dampier's command Australian aboriginal! as Ascension Island, where disaster overtook the was H.M.S. "Roebuck," an old and cranky ship crazy old "Roebuck." The rotten vessel literally After a stay of nine weeks, the "Cygnet" left of 290 tons burthen. fell to pieces, and foundered under the feet of P.O. BOX 544 B., G.P.O. Buccaneer Archipelago and New Holland, on her hapless crew. Indeed, it is a constant source March 12th, 1688, and sailed for the Nicobar The "Roebuck" left England on 14th January, of wonder why she held together for so long. Islands. After their arrival at the islands, the 1699, and made for Brazil. Here Dampier Luckily, no lives were lost; the entire crew Alio et crew rested and commenced to refit the ship, placed one of his officers, a Lieutenant Fisher, reaching Ascension Island in safety. After a and whilst they were engaged in this task, our in prison for insubordination. After a stay of a long and dreary wait on the island, Dampier and 64 EAGLE STREET. BRISBANE friend Dampier again executed one of his re- month, Dampier sailed, leaving Fisher behind in his men were rescued by H.M.S. "Bristol," and markable about faces—he, with two companions, the Brazilian jail. Heading to the Eastward, taken home to England, where they arrived in gave their comrades the slip, and, purchasing a the "Roebuck" crossed the South Atlantic, June, 1702. MUSGRAVE COLD STORES. STANLEY STREET, canoe for an axe, sailed for Achin, in Sumatra. rounded the Cape of Good Hope, traversed the Indian Ocean, and, on 31st July, 1699, made the Dampier's welcome home was a court-martial. SOUTH BRISBANE. Four Malays and a half-caste Portuguese accom- His chief accuser was Lieutenant Fisher, who, panied them. Achin was made after an arduous West Australian coast in the vicinity of where Geraldton now stands. Coasting northward, as you will remember, was the officer of the trip of twenty days, days of hunger, thirst and "Roebuck" who had been left behind in prison battling with the elements in the crazy craft. seeking a safe anchorage, Dampier visited the bay discovered by the Dutch navigator Dirk at Brazil, on the outward voyage to New The party were thoroughly worn out, and broken Shipping and General Agents Hartog, in 1616. Here he caught several racoons Holland. The court, presided over by officers down in health on arrival, and, to recuperate, and turtles, and found many pleasing varieties high in the Service, amongst whom were Ad- Dampier took a trip to Tonkin. At that town he of bush flowers. No fresh water streams were mirals Sir Cloudsley Shovell and Rooke, found picked up a Tonkinese guide, and, with a capital discovered, and wells had to be sunk. This an- that William Dampier had been guilty of cruelty of two dollars, started out on a walking tour of chorage Dampier called Shark's Bay, for obvious to Lieutenant Fisher, and also decided that the Agents in Australia for: Cochin-China! reasons. His next discovery was the chain of said William Dampier was not a fit person to command one of Her Gracious Majesty Queen After wandering around India and the seas of islands now called after him—Dampier's Archi- Fadaral-Branch Sarvica pelago. Working north along the coast, navigat- Anne's vessels of war. In addition, a fine was the Middle East for a further eighteen months, imposed equalling Dampier's pay for the entire Federal Steam Navigation Co. Ltd.. London the irrespressible Dampier turned up in England ing on the chart—or rather, a copy of it—con- voyage, and Dampier quitted the Navy for the The Naw Zeeland Shipping Co. Ltd., London in 16B1, as a partner with a half share in a structed by the famous Dutch seaman Abel Jansen Tasman during his voyages on the Aus- second and last time, a broken and penniless tatooed prince. This noble gentleman was man. After all his sufferings and privations, and Americen and Australian Lina, Naw York apparently to be exhibited at fairs and such like tralian coast in 1642 and 1643, Dampier landed at the inlet now known as Roebuck Bay, looking taking into consideration the very valuable in- Osaka Syosan Kaisya entertainments. However, Dampier fell among formation he had obtained during the cruise of for fresh water, and encountered a band of Swedish Australia Lina swindlers, who, as he tritely puts it, "rooked" hostile natives. Five weeks were spent on the the ill-fated "Roebuck," the sentence certainly him of his share in the royal sideshow. The Swedish-Peciflc Australia Diract Lina west and northwest coasts, surveying and chart- seems unduly harsh. poor dusky prince did not bring much profit to ing, and then the "Roebuck" was headed for In the year 1715, William Dampier died, at AustraKnd S.S. Co. Ltd., London his new owners, for, shortly after changing Timor, leaving New Holland behind. At Timor hands, he took the smallpox, and died at Ox- the age of 63, and so passed from a life of high Montraal Australia Naw ZeeJeed Lina Ltd. the crew rested, and reprovisioned the ship. adventure, one of the most romantic and in- ford. Pacific Islands Transport Una teresting figures in England's maritime history In 1697 Dampier succeeded in getting the —the farmer lad turned sailor; the buccaneer- journal of his adventures and natural history Dampier then sailed for New Guinea, leaving botanist; adventurer, freebooter and traveller; observations published, and this proved such a Timor on December 12th, 1699. The New Guinea skilled navigator, and explorer; a man who, with "ergo ind Passenger Services to United Kingdom. Conti- mine of scientific information that it came under coast was sighted on New Year's Day, 1700. all his faults, and we must admit that they were the notice of the Royal Society, who took up the Rounding the west end of the island, Dampier many, upheld England's glorious traditions of nental. U.S.A.. Pacific end Eastern Ports. Full particulars author. The president of the Society introduced cruised along the north coast, keeping well off- daring seamanship and contempt of dangers and furnished on appJicetion. Dampier to the First Lord of the Admiralty. Aa shore, until he made the island of New Hanover. the perils of unknown waters. So finishes the interest in New Holland was very keen at the He tnen coasted along the island of New Britain, chronicle of William Dampier, a member of the time, the upshot was that Dampier, who by this which he named as such, and passed through the first British party to visit Australia.

THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL November, 1939 13 ARMISTICE DAY THE NAVIES OF THE POWERS Poland— 4 destroyers, 5 submarines, (2 motor tor- Countless millions who suffered in the 1914- As known in December, 1938 pedo boats being built), 1 minelayer. THE STAFF OF LIFE . . . 18 war hoped that the 11th hour of the 11th day Portugal— 6 destroyers, 3 submarines. of the 11th month of 1918 was the birth-hour Denmark— 2 coast defence ships, 17 torpedo boats Rnmanla— 4 destroyers, 1 submarine. it a of enduring peace. But human hopes are unsub- Russia— stantial as dreams. (building 2 more), 12 submarines. 3 old battleships, 5 cruisers (2 more being STURDIER STAFF * * * Finland— built, 3 projected), (3 aircraft carriers be- In the present war of conflicting interests, 2 coast defence ships, 5 submarines. France— ing built or projected), 25 destroyers (5 if tpread with may the sacrifices be of self rather than of the more being built), 134 submarines (30 more lives of others—then, at least, there may be 7 battleships (3 more being built and 1 pro- jected), 1 aircraft carrier (2 more being being built), 130 (about) motor torpedo hope for Hope. boats. "We are fighting," Mr. Eraser, Deputy Prime built), 19 cruisers (1 more being built and NORCO BUTTER 2 projected), 58 destroyers (12 more being Spain— Minister of New Zealand radioed from London, 6 cruisers, 1 coast defence ship, 20 destroy- "To make the good things of life available to built and 12 projected), 12 torpedo boats, 2 motor torpedo boats (4 more being built), ers (2 more being built), 13 submarines (3 Be ture to atlc for ... all men." more being built). » # * 79 submarines (15 more being built or pro- Sweden— A pilot who does not know where he is going jected). Germany— 8 coast defence ships (2 more being built), is no good on the bridge of a ship; neither is 2 cruisers, 6 destroyers (2 more being the pilot of a nation any good if he does not 2 battleships (4 more being built), 3 "armoured ships" ("pocket battleships" of built), 8 torpedo boats, 14 submarines (2 know where he is heading the ship of State. more being built), 2 motor torpedo boats (4 Instead of devising means for mutual des- 10,000 tons), (2 aircraft carriers being built), 6 cruisers (9 more being built), 22 more being built). truction, statesmanship would be better em- Turkey— ployed seeking means to harmonise and adjust destroyers (8 more being built), 24 torpedo boats (18 more being built), 57 submarines 1 battle cruiser (pre-War), 2 old cruisers, 4 rival claims of Democracy, Communism and destroyers (4 more being built in England), "THE BUTTER OF PERFECTION Fascism. (16 more being built), 20 motor torpedo » * * boats (12 more being built). 5 submarines (4 being built in England), (2 Great Britain— being built in Germany), (2 being built in No nation has a monopoly of truth, nor of the Turkey), (4 minelayers being built). best or final form of Government. Truth is 15 capital ships (battle ships and battle cruisers) (5 more being built and 4 pro- Yugoslavia— universal, eternal; Governments are evanescent, 2 destroyers (3 more being built), 4 sub- sometimes evolutionary. jected), 7 air craft carriers (5 more being built and 1 projected), 64 cruisers (19 more marines, 10 motor torpedo boats. • * • IXL P r o d u c t s being built and 4 projected), 174 destroyers United States— The total tonnage of the British Empire's (24 more being built and 16 projected), 55 15 battleships (2 more being built, 4 pro- H.JONES &CO Merchant Service in 1914 was nearly 20,000,000 submarines (14 more being built and 4 pro- jected), 5 aircraft carriers (1 being built, 1 IXL JAMS tons. At the end of 1938 the approximate projected), 20 motor torpedo boats (7 more more projected), 34 cruisers (3 more being tonnage was 21,000,000; but there were 1,744 being built), 1 mine layer (4 more being built and 4 projected), 208 destroyers (38 IXL CANNED more being built or projected), 86 sub- fewer vessels. built). FRUITS British Merchant ships sunk in the war of Greece marines (20 more being built). 1914-18 totalled 9,031,828 tons—but notwith- 2 old cruisers, 10 destroyers, 6 submarines. Japan standing this colossal loss Britain won through. Holland— 9 battleships (2 more being built, believed), IXL TOMATO « • • 4 cruisers (3 more being built), 1 coast de- 5 aircraft carriers (2 more being built), 36 SAUCE cruisers (6 more being built), 111 destroy- The Commonwealth Defence Department has fence ship, 8 destroyers (4 more being built), 19 submarines (9 more being built), ers (10 more being built), 59 submarines (8 IXL BAKED thanked the Navy League, New South Wales more being built), 6 minelayers. Branch, for its offer of service in connection 4 motor torpedo boats (32 more beuig built BEANS or projected). with the successful prosecution of the war. IXL SPAGHETTI * • * Italy— PLEASE NOTE 4 battleships (4 more being built), 21 Contributions of a suitable nature Plain & Curried Democracy will not be preserved by guns, cruisers (12 more being built), 1 coast de- are cordially invited, and should be bombs, torpedoes nor gas. Democracy is an fence ship, 64 destroyers (7 more being addressed to the Editor, the "Navy IXL DICED attitude of mind, is intangible, and its duration built), 58 torpedo boats, 60 motor torpedo League Journal," Royal Exchange FRUIT SALAD will be determined by right or wrong MIND boats (more being built—number doubtful), processes. Building, Bridge Street, Sydney. 103 submarines (20 more being built). The Navy League does not neces- • • • Norway— • AUSTRALIA* BUT Collective security is much featured to-day. sarily endorse the opinions of con- 4 coast defence ships, 9 torpedo boats (2 tributors to the Journal. ALL IXL PRODUCTS ARE But surely collective security is the cart, and destroyers being built), 9 submarines (2 Telephone - - - - B 7808 QUALITY PRODUCTS collective co-operation the horse. more being built).

14 •THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL November, 1939 15 BEEF The Navy League EXTRACT glob Cockatoo Docks & Qne hundred Engineering Co. Pty. Ltd. N.S.W. Branch POUNDS of Hi. E primest beef are used Patron: to manufacture one Contractors to . . . His Excellency The Governor of N.S.W., pound of GLOBEX The Lord Wakehurst, K.C.M.G. ... no wonder it . H.M. AUSTRALIAN NAVY (jlobex inX I, 2, 4 President: is rich in proteins. anJ 8 oz% jars or Rear Admiral J. B. Stevenson, C.M.G. Around each jar bui|dt bon# and 4 and 8 oz. con- is a folder con- . tamers is avail- Ship-builders, Marine & General Engineers taining a targe muscl* and '» an able at all chem- Executive Committee: number of tasty re- ideal food for kid- ists and stores. T. H. Silk, M.I.C.E., M.X.N.A. (Chairman) mad Sir Kelso King, S.S.D. Captain M.B.R. Blackwood, D.S.O., R.N. ZZ G,cL '. Inquiries invited Commander F.W. Hixson, O.B.E., C. M. C. Shannon too. Its satisfying S.S.D. W. A. Mackay flavour is a liquid Sir Thomas Gordon, Kt. Sir Walter Carpenter, K.B. delight in beef tea, Commander S. W. Spain J. L. Milson C COCKATOO ISLAND Commander J. Patrick, R.D.R.A.N.R. S. Cooper, S.S.D. soups or gravies . . . and solidly delicious SYDNEY Hon. Treasurers: Hon. Secretary: in sandwiches. . . . Sir Kelso King, S.S.D. C. M. C. Shannon Commander F. W. Hixson, O.B.E. S.S.D. L Phone: W 1941 (10 lines) Hon. Auditors: Secretary and Editor of Journal: BEEF Robertson, Crane and Gibbons W. W. Beale, O.B.E. °BEX EXTRACT

In the book of Post-War Life, the first chap- SEA CADETS ter closed the day before the outbreak of the Recent Passenger Liners The first race on December 16th will be for present war. It was a chapter of hope, of For all happy occasions, afloat struggle, of fear. The second chapter had its the "Cochrane Shield." The course is half a or ashore, the hostess can show With Babcock Boilers: mile, and No. 1 crews will compete. The second beginning on the German-Polish frontier, and "Strothallan" event will be the Davis Cup for No. 2 crews, closed with the fall of Warsaw. Chapter three her individuality in the form "Strathmore" is in the making—Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, and the distance will be slightly more than she serves . . . "Stratheden" quarter mile. Finland, Russia, Turkey, Western front, block- "Orcedes" ade, etc., etc. The destined end of the book is The third race is the "Lea Wilson Shield," over not known, but it is suspected that it will reveal ARNOTT'S With Babcock-Johnson Boilers half mile. For this event the O.C.'s will pick changes in the world-order that will be of en- "Arundel Castle" their respective crews on the spot just before during significance to civilization. "Windsor Castle" the start. » * - # CRISP SAO "Andes" Whalers will be used in each race. Australians need to take care that they "Orion" All above vessels are oil-fired. A race for Petty Officers and Cadets over 18 do not become "merely the instruments of BISCUITS years of age will be arranged if possible. authority." With Babcock Boilers & Babcocl Boats should assemble at Woolwich Depot at * * * the lightest and most desirable 3 p.m. Erith Marine Strokers: Truth must prevail if it is fully complete; no base for savouries. Attractive, Two new mall steamers for the British * * # India S.N. Co. Ltd. known truths must be withheld if confidence is too, with ham, paste, fresh or "What shall it profit a man if he gain the whole to be maintained. world and lose his own soul?" stewed fruit and a simple epi- Babcock & Wilcox Limited Shareholders in the great American armament curean delight with butter and Incorporated in England firms, without undue risk, look like reaping a Without a clear detailed picture of the war- blood-money harvest out of the fields of death. aims before their eyes, the people of Australia cheese. Australian Head Office and Works: One wonders whether all the reapers are are not unlike a navigator without chart, sex- REGENTS PARK, N.S.W. Americans. tant, chronometer and compass. WILLIAM ARNOTT PTY. LIMITED. HOMEBUSH

16 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL RED FUNNEL TRAWLERS PTY. LTD. No. 5 WHARF. WOOLLOOMOOLOO BAY. SYDNEY

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COMMON BRICKS THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL The Official Organ of the Navy League, N.S.W. Branch FACE BRICKS Royal Exchange, 54a Pitt Street, Sydney. B 7808

SAND STOCK BRICKS Vol. 2—No. 12 (New Series) Sydney, December, 1939 Price 6d.

SHIPOWNERS AND SHIPS ALSO INCE the Great War the British Empire's sage. When the various port charges are added ROOFING TILES S Mercantile Marine has not increased its to upkeep, insurance, wages, fuel and victual- YOUR . . . total tonnage by more than one per cent, or ling bills it will be readily understood that part- FLOORING TILES thereabouts. This state of things is explained empty ships are not a very good paying propo- VOYAGE OF LIFE by the great increases of many foreign merchant sition. and fleets assisted by substantial subsidies from Another concrete example of a shipowner's their respective Governments. trials and tribulations is the case of a large In LIFE, as in Navigation, you must decide passenger liner carrying, say, 1,000 passengers It is true that German merchant ships have what port you wish to reach. You must, also, SEWERAGE PIPES outward and not more than one hundred on the ceased their customary avocation since the out- return, and vice versa. The personnel of the make sure from time to time that you are break of the present war, and the sea-borne victualling department has to be numerically keeping on the right course and are making trade of many neutrals — notably Norway, equal to ministering to a thousand souls out- Sweden and Holland—is being seriously inter- proper progress in it. ward and homeward, as the whole crew, with fered with owing to the British blockade of rare exceptions, sign on and are paid for the Germany, and to Germany's counter measures. In making plans for your Voyage of Life, completed round voyage. WALKER, BENSON PTY. With regard to the Empire itself. The British To those who know something of ships, com- see that you have the invaluable help and LIMITED and Dominion Governments have found it neces- merce, tariff restrictions, and the multifarious safeguard of AJM.P. Life Assurance. sary to requisition for war purposes many of costs interwoven with the business of ship- our fastest and best-equipped vessels. This has owning, ship-manning, freight-getting and unavoidably further depleted the amount of passenger-carrying, to which are now added the Mcrrylands Road Empire tonnage available for the carriage of incalculable risks and uncertainties of war, the A.M.P. SOCIETY cargo. But one of the chief difficulties many bed of the shipowner is not always one of rose- Head Offlc." 87 PITT STREET, SYDNEY MERRYLANDS shipowners have to overcome is the matter of cetals. There are plenty of thorns, too. Again, A. E. Webb, Manager for N.S.W. two-way freights. It frequently happens that it is an industry requiring vast capital, great vessels proceed outward bound in ballast or skill, experience and foresight, and it is indis-

Send for post-free booklet— Phones: UW9936 (2 lines) half-empty of cargo, while there is no certainty pensable to the life of sea-girt nations. that they will be fully laden on the return pas- —THE EDITOR. "Peace of Mind." December, 1939 r \ folk Island the penal settlement was found to have been broken up, and the place held in SURVEY SHIPS IN THE 'FIFTIES readiness for the arrival of the Pitcairn Islanders, "to whom the property had been Captain Hixson's Log transferred by the Government." For the rest of the year the Herald was cruising in search of By "LOOK-OUT" reported reefs, charting and sounding, and on arrival at Sydney on February 3, 1856, the ship's company "received news of the fall of Sebasta- Commander F. W. Hixson, O.B.E., the windward, the spotless decks of a man-o'-war pol." honorary secretary of the New South Wales of the old type, with old-fashioned guns, ham- Branch of the Navy League, presented the mocks in the bulwarks, and ropes coiled down The Herald was back at Norfolk Island in Mitchell Library with the log book of his late man-o'-war fashion. This wandering about the the following June, and while there the English father, Captain Francis Hixson, R.N., of H.M.S. Pacific is something that arrests the attention ship Morayshire arrived, bringing the whole of Torch and H.M.S. Herald, when those vessels in these days of highly developed scientific in- the Pitcairn Islanders, 194 in number, "their were engaged in survey work in the 'fifties and struments and accurate charts. An entry in own island being too small for their large and early 'sixties. Captain Hixson (who was after- the log such as "On the reef found the remains quickly increasing population. The bluejackets wards harbour-master at Sydney) sailed the of five wrecks" speaks its story, but unfortun- assisted in the disembarkation of the islanders, Pacific searching for the dangers that others ately leaving too much to the imagination of and the transfer of the convicts to the Moray- had avoided. He explored the ocean in the readers of the naval man's log. Who were shire, which sailed with them for Hobartown. vicinity of the "Feejees" (as it was then spelt), they? What terrible scenes were there when sounding, scouting and sounding, ever sounding in the darkness they crashed on the rocks or Thackambau's Wives the depths. He sailed up the coast along the coral? What became of the crews? The wrecks Barrier Reef until the dim, mysterious moun- would probably take place at night, because the Captain Francis Hixson, R.N. Returning to Sydney in November, the Herald tain peaks of New Guinea were in sight. He log indicates that a good lookout at the mast- again put to sea in the following month, and sailed the stormy southern seas around to head meant safety, the change in the colour of sailed for "Feejee," and Captain Hixson wrote Western Australia and nosed his vessel into the water being the warning. as follows on the occasion of the vessel's stay Sharks Bay, sounding and charting. He dropped On arrival at New Caledonia, early in Novem- at the islands:— his sounding line in Port Stephens and about Lost Islands ber, 1854, Captain Hixson wrote in his log:— Moreton Bay. He visited Norfolk Island and The following are typical of the character of "The only news of importance appeared to be other places out to the eastward, looking for a number of entries in 1856:— "Anchored off the French port. We were dis- the marriage and baptism of Thacam Bau, who mythical islands that had been reported by appointed in our expectation of finding a flour- formerly indulged in 105 wives, but after due passing ships. Unknown islets and coral reefs "January 17. We next cruised in search of an island said to have been discovered by Cap- ishing French colony, there being nothing in consideration called as many as could then be were his quarry. The navy received word of the shape of colonisation but the fort, with a found residing about him, made them an appro- these hidden perils and went out to look for tain Burrows, without any indication of its existence. lieutenant and a party of seamen from one of priate speech, with leave to marry whom they them. It was hazardous work, but someone had the ships on the station." thought proper, and set them a good example to do it. And the navy did it. Islands that "January 18. Running to the SW in search of a reef said to exist in this vicinity. After by choosing one of their number, a very fat and had appeared before the uncertain navigators Mention is made of the auxiliary on the Torch jolly old lady who had previously boasted of his were often found to have disappeared utterly crossing and recrossing in several places we gave in an entry in August, 1854, which says:— up without any indication of its existence." favours to a large extent, and is now Queen or to be nowhere within many miles of the "Blowing very hard from the S, with a bois- Lydia the 1st, whilst the chief himself has reported positions. Reefs of rock or coral that A frequently recurring entry was: "Read adopted the somewhat unmartial cognomen of articles of war. Performed Divine service." terous sea. Daylight, found with but few excep- had been the doom of many vessels were fixed tions all the port paddle sides and floor gone. Ebenezer." and put on the charts. The Torch was a sailing vessel with auxiliary Lower studdingsail boom broken in two. Galley In December, 1857, the Herald left Sydney paddle-wheels. Entries appear at times such as was also stove in and portion of bulwarks. The for Western Australia, dropping anchor off Dirk Rovers of the Sea the following:—"Daylight. Up funnel, shipped paddle-wheels took charge, and lashings carried Hartog Island on March 6, 1858. The vessel floats, made preparations for steaming." away, but were soon after secured." There is a fascination in reading the records stayed a considerable time in Sharks Bay, carry- of the lives of these sea rovers. Brief though On that occasion it is recorded that on sight- ing Huon Island, to the north-west of New Cale- A day or two later, under sail, the Torch ing out a survey. One line in the log reads: most of the entries are in the log, those with a "Turned rabbits adrift on the shore." Also a knowledge of shipping can easily read between donia, a British Ensign was seen, union down, dressed ship in honour of Prince Albert's birth- and the shipwrecked crew of a vessel named the day. few days later some pigeons were set at liberty the lines and find a picturesque scene here and and some fruit trees were planted. Arriving there. Thus when one reads, "Under weigh at Ningpo, consisting of seven Europeans and The Pitcairn Islanders eleven Chinese, was rescued. They had found back in Sydney at the end of June, the Herald daylight. A fine morning. Running out be- remained in port two months, and then set out tween the reefs on which seas break heavily. a great number of turtle, and had plenty of rice In a trip to Norfolk Island in the Herald in and water, and were about to commence build- May and June, 1855, a search was made for an up the coast. An interesting item on the way Set studding sails to starboard"; or "Fresh was the examination of Bird Island, at the southerly breeze. Washed down decks. Split ing a boat from the wreckage when the Torch island said to exist 74 miles from Lord Howe arrived. How long they had been on the island Island, but the log states that they "failed to extremity of Wreck Reef, off the Queensland jib while clawing off the reef"; and so on, there coast, in latitude 22deg. 10m., longitude 155deg. arises a picture of blue water, coral reefs to is not stated. find any symptoms" of it. On arrival at Nor- 15 November, 1939 2 •THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL 5m„ where the American whalers, then fishing PAST AND PRESENT in the Pacific, had established a kind of post- BRITISH MINESWEEPERS office, visitors collecting letters left there in a letter-box, while a book and pencil were installed Primitive man starved simply because no food for reports. The tiny islet was the last resting- was available. "Civilised" men, women and place of a woman. She was the wife of a Cap- children starve in the midst of plenty. Is com- tain Lucas, of the schooner Highlander. He ment necessary? • • • had buried her there (and fenced the grave) in preference to the customary committal to the Men may be killed singly or in the mass, but depths of the ocean. the qualities which were theirs alone cannot be used by anybody else. Pause, and reflect. On November 8 the Herald dressed ship in * • * honour of the birthday of the Prince of Wales. Many people see and think in blinkers because During 1859, and in the early part of 1860, the they are incapable of anything else, owing to vessel was busily employed exploring the reefs defects in character. outside the Barrier, and in tracing the Barrier, * 0 * and in April she was in the vicinity of Torres Hoses continue to diffuse their fragrance free Straits, with the mountains of New Guinea in —"man's inhumanity to man" notwithstanding. sight, experiencing all kinds of weather and on • • * one or two occasions running aground. On Democracy has been defined as: "Government reaching Sydney on May 23 the Captain wrote: of the people by the people for the people." But "Found Farm Cove quite deserted, the whole of no inttl'igent man without an axe to grind the squadron being at the seat of war in New accepts such a definition to-day. Zealand. Heard the welcome news of our benig » • * ordered home at last." People of any nation who deliberately exag- gerate war atrocities for the purpose of inflam- ing their fellows to slaughter are real enemies of mankind. • * * The nauseating repetition of war news will have the opposite effect on average intelligent minds from that which its sponsors intended. But doubtless our propagandists recognise that the human mind in the mass is not intelligent and is hard put to it to distinguish truth from fiction, fact from fable, repetition from origin- ality; and so the air is full of "news" which has lost its sparkle and its interest. One recalls an ancient exhortation not to "use vain repeti- tions"; perhaps it is applicable to-day. » * * The deliberate and indiscriminate sowing of loose mines in waters such as the North Sea by a belligerent is highly improbable. The danger of self-destruction would be likely, owing to the unknown drift of such mines caused by variable winds, waves and currents. Experienced seamen have no doubts about that. • • • It is hoped that the creation of fat jobs with fat salaries attached will be kept to a minimum during the war. Highly paid "crisis" posts are not looked on with favour by members of the —By courtMy "Srdntr Homing Hcrmld. fighting forces who have patriotically volun- tered to risk their skins without thought of A flotilla of mine-sweepers at work along one of the sea approaches to Britain. profit a* THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL December, 1939 r

The enemy proved to be the German raider tion. This trying ordeal lasted for five hours THE EXPLOITS OF THE H.M.A.S. "SYDNEY "Emden," and the details of the epic fight be- without a break, when another zeppelin was tween the cruisers are too well known to need seen approaching, but to the relief of all aboard repeating. the cruiser, it did not come near them, but signalled to the first one to follow her. After By EDN A COUSINS After leaving Colombo the H.M.A.S. "Sydney" the zeppelins had disappeared from sight, the proceeded to Gibraltar for a refit, and from warships reorganised their position of line there she was ordered to join the North Atlantic ahead once more, and continued their duties patrol. While carrying out this duty the cruiser without any further interruption. Little did those know who had the privilege had declared war, Rear-Admiral Patey was called at Nova Scotia, Nassau, Cuba, Jamaica, of seeing the launching of the H.M.A.S. ordered to proceed to Sydney immediately. So, British Honduras, Martinique, St. Lucia, Bar- The "Sydney's" war service terminated on the "Sydney," which took place in one of the dock- in the early hours of one August morning, the badoes, Trinidad and Bermuda. She remained 21st November, 1918, when she took part in the yards on the famous River Clyde, on the 29th "Australia," "Melbourne," "Encounter" and the on this station until the middle of 1916, then surrender of the German Navy to Britain, and August, 1912, that she would have the honour "Parramatta," "Yarra" and the "Warrego" re- left for England. it fell to her lot to escort "Emden H" to the of being the first warship of the Royal Aus- turned to port, where they prepared for active Firth of Forth. And it is noteworthy to men- tralian Navy, to have her name written not only service. On arriving at Portsmouth, the "Sydney" had tion that the late Earl Beatty thought so highly on the Nation's Scroll of Fame, but that of the In the meantime, the "Sydney" had made her the honour of being inspected by the late King of this illustrious warship who helped to uphold Empire's. way to Thursday Island. A short while after- George. After leaving Portsmouth the H.M.A.S. the proud traditions of the Royal Navy, that as After being commissioned at Devonport, in wards the battle-cruiser "Australia" and her "Sydney" became a unit of the 2nd Light- a reward, he presented her with a silver plate the following June, the cruiser steamed out of consorts left Sydney, and, under cover of the Cruiser Squadron. from Lord Nelson's dinner service. that historic naval port, a month later on her night, and without lights showing, they steamed maiden voyage to her homeland, under the com- out to sea, and made their way up the north One of the most exciting episodes in the On the 19th July, 1919, our famous cruiser, mand of Captain John C. T. Glossop, R.N., who coast to Palm Island, where they awaited the cruiser's career occurred on the 21st December, who proved herself worthy, not only being a became one of the most popular officers that^ arrival of the transports. 1916, when she encountered a severe gale. Just unit of the R.A.N., but also of the Royal Navy, ever served under the White Ensign. Nothing was heard of the expedition, until a little after midnight an enormous wave crash- returned to her homeport once again. A few days later the "Sydney" met the battle- word came through saying "that the soldiers ed down on the "Sydney," which washed cruiser "Australia'' at an appointed rendezvous, had captured Rabaul with the help of the Navy. Captain GloSBop off his feet as he stood on the in the latitude south of Gibraltar, and became The next exploit that the "Sydney" took part bridge, but fortunately he was able to prevent her consort. in was the capture of Bismarck Archipelago, fol- himself from being washed overboard. At an- After calling at Capetown and Durban, where lowed by the raid on Angaur. other period of the storm one of the ship's boats the officers and men received a warm welcome, While on patrol duty in these waters, those was washed overboard and a smaller one smash- the two warships made their way across the aboard the "Sydney" had the sad experience of ed to pieces, while a number of her crew were Indian Ocean, and in due course, arrived at Fre- searching for the A. E. 1, which was reported injured. It was only Captain Glossop's skilful mantle, where more festivities were given in to be over-due. Although the warship cruised seamanship that brought the "Sydney" through their honour. all around the vicinity the submarine was last to safety. Then came the Red Letter Day for the people heard in, they never found the slightest trace of New South Wales, the 4th October, 1913. On of the ill-fated craft. So in the course of a few Perhaps the most thrilling experience in our that day crowds flocked to North and South days the Empire learnt with deep regret that cruiser's career took place on the 4th March, BY THE COURTESY Heads, the foreshores and other headlands to the A. E. 1, with her gallant officers and men, 1917. At the time the H.M.A.S. "Sydney" was greet our ships. The battle-cruiser, "Australia," had gone down while patrolling off the coast of flagship of her squadron, composed of H.M.A.S. OF flying the flag of Rear-Admiral Sir George Patey, New Britain. "Dublin" and four destroyers, doing patrol duties and the H.M.A.S. "Sydney" received a rousing Shortly after this tragic episode the "Sydney" in the vicinity of the Dogger Bank, when a welcome as they steamed through the Heads, and was ordered to her homeport once more. She zeppelin was sighted. The command was given up the Harbour to Farm Cove, followed by the left again on the morning of the 25th of October, to separate, so they scattered in all directions, BROKEN HILL PTY. "Melbourne," "Encounter," and the destroyers under sealed orders. thus offering a smaller target for the enemy to "Parramatta," "Yarra" and "Warrego." H.M.A.S. "Sydney" comes into the picture bomb. At first the Germans did not attack the Early in the following year H.M.A.S. "Sydney" again at King George's Sound, where she joined patrol, but signalled to several U-boats who had CO. LTD. left Port Jackson, bound for Singapore, where up with the H.M.A.S. "Melbourne" and other arrived on the scene. she met the two submarines A.E. 1 and A. E. 2, cruisers, to convoy the thirty-six transports Once again the T.B.D.'s proved their value, and escorted them back to Sydney, where they across the Indian Ocean, as far as Colombo. for these sea hornets dashed forward and suc- arrived on 24th May, 1914. Nothing out of the ordinary occurred until ceeded in sinking two of the submarines by gun- Then, like a bolt from the blue, war clouds early on the morning of the 9th November, fire. Seeing that the U-boats had been destroy- appeared on the horizon, and so they gathered when out of the ether came the following ed, the zep. turned her attention to the until the storm burst on the memorable 4th message: "Foreign four-funneled warship lying "Sydney," and although the enemy dropped August, 1914. off Cocos Island." As the "Melbourne" was bombs in quick succession, they missed the At that time our squadron was occupied on leading the line of transports, she could not cruiser. Captain Dumaresq's cleverness in man its winter cruise off the coast of Queensland, leave her post, so the "Sydney" was despatched oeuvring the Sydney" saved her from destruc- but when the news was received that England with all speed. 6 12 December, 1939 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL SEA CADET NOTES VULTEE BOMBERS VICTORY TRAINING DEPOT About a dozen ratings from "Victory" L. R. V. SMITH, O. in C. attended the Voluntary Coastal Patrol camp at the Basin at Pittwater from the 18th to 2th No- Recruits are still coming in. From Penrith vember for special training. The boys have all and from Newcastle, besides from the suburbs returned looking well, and we hope they have of Sydney, applications are received from lads learned something useful. wishing to join the Cadet Corps. It shows a Our Social Committee members are working fine spirit, and is worthy of every encourage- to make a success of the party which is being ment. organised for Christmas. A detachment of eight cadets from "Victory" were on duty at the Royal Sydney Yacht Squad- VENDETTA TRAINING DEPOT, MANLY ron on Saturday, 18th November, and from re- G. H. SMITH, O. in C. ports received we understand they were a credit Our first thought in this December Journal to the Corps. We congratulate them for keep- is to wish all Navy League Officers and Cadets ing the Sea Cadets' record unblemished. a.'id helpers the comn-'iments of the season. A guard of about 26 young ratings for the Miss E. Cousins, of Manly, is thanked for Susan Bell, 2UW and Romano's Children's her gifts of pictures of warships, including the Christmas Party at Romano's Restaurant on Queen Elizabeth and the Sydney. 16th December has been arranged. We are Manly Cadets expect to hold their Christmas very proud to be associated with such a worthy camp at Newport this year. Cadets from other appeal as that launched over Station 2UW to units who would wish to join us should com- give children of ex-service men a Christmas municate with us at once. party, and sincerely hope that the response to It is also intended to hold a Christmas party the appeal will be successful. for Cadets and their parents at the Depot. This Petty Officer Stewart, on leave from the Mer- unit is anxious to enlist as much voluntary help chant Service, is unselfishly devoting his spare as possible to assist in the construction of our time in the work of the Cadets at the Depot. boatshed. Any friends willing to render help T. Murphy has been promoted and now holds are asked to get into touch with us. A boat the acting rank of warrant officer. Promotion for training purposes will be made available should be the aim of every P.O. Cadet, but this immediately on completion of the shed in which aim can only be realised by keen application to to house it. duty at all times. Any man possessing the qualifications entitling Our new Chief Officer, Mr. Hammond, is a him to instruct our Cadets in seamanship, sig- great asset to the Company, his naval experience nalling or physical drill is invited to help in a proving of the greatest value in the training of voluntary capacity, and should call and see us the Cadets. at our depot at East Esplanade, Manly.

* THE NAVY LEAGUE IS... a WATCHDOG of Notional security, an ENEMY of apathy in all matters naval and maritime, a TRAINER of the —By eourtwy "Sydoiy Horning Herald " citizens of to-morrow.a PRESERVER of our Vultee attack bombers are manufactured in the U.S.A. and have a speed of 300 THE LEAGUE NEEDS NEW MEMBERS glorious sea heritage. WHY NOT JOIN NOW I miles an hoar. 0 If you subscribe to these ideals you should subscribe to the League's funds for their more perfect attainment. a THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL December, 1939 RECORD EXPENDITURE TO READERS A member of the League who served thirty Dealing with Commonwealth finance, Mr. Conscious of limitations and imperfections, we years afloat, including the whole of the period Menzies has announced that the record expendi- are the more encouraged by the number of of the Great War, says he was never shipmates ture of £59,500,000 in this financial year would messages of appreciation of our efforts to keep with a Jew, and only very rarely with brown- BILLIARDS be distributed as follows:— this little publication afloat. Words of approval eyed Britishers. He asks if his observations are — For — have come from readers in New Zealand, Vic- Navy: £14,500,000, of which £5,333,000 will those of other Britis» h an« d Australia» n seamen. BOYS OF ALL AGES! be spent on special war measures. toria and New South Wales, and to one and all Army: £28,200.000, of which special war we send our acknowledgments and thanks. A half-truth can be more misleading, damag- The Ideal Game for the Home measures will absorb £17,770,000. We have, however, a critic—a lady without a ing and dangerous than an undiluted lie. The principal items in army expenditure family who advises us to put "more blood and * * » will be:— iron" into our writings. She adds: "Questions Has any calculation been made of the probable BILLIARDS-DINING TABLES— Militia camp training (£5,000,000 for pay and of territorial adjustments, trade, justice, etc., date the oil combines will feel the effects of the New from £29 15 0 rations), £8,3S5,000. referred to in the (November) Journal are wider distillation o*f alcoho# l fo*r power purposes * Reconditioned from £22 15 0 Second A..I.F. (£3,000,000 for pay and matters for us to determine when we have LIFT-ON TABLES £8 15 0 rations), £6,477,000. won the war." In Sweden, it is said, more than a third of the Easy Terms Available. Additional mobilisation equipment (£1,000,000 In other words, the victors must impose their retail trade of the nation is carried on without profit for the benefit of the consumers. This Delivery Free in Sydney Metropolitan for Second A.I.F.), £4,077,000. will on the vanquished. Versailles repeated Area. Air Force: Present plans involve an expendi- would mean repeated wars. sounds like a fairy tale to profit-ridden peoples, ture of £11,900,000, including £2,442,000 for where Profit is god and goddess, defying chal- Those people nuo knew no anguish and no Buy One for Your Home, and special war expenditure; but these figures may lenge. But with many nationalities the "pound sorrow in the Great War, heard no broken Keep Your Boys Happy! be adjusted when the Empire air conference of flesh nearest the (consumer's) heart" is hard human cry from father or mother of "O my son, has made its decisions. to forego. » » . my son!" Those people, we venture to say, "The fact that only 13 per cent, of the total Helron & Smith (Salonela) have no knowledge of war. "Peace, commerce and honest friendship with will be spent abroad is an indication of the all nations—entangling alliances with none."— Pty. Ltd. To all our readers and members everywhere extent to which Australia has become self- Thomas Jefferson, President of U.S.A. (1801-9). sufficient in the supply of defence requirements," we send Christmas greetings, linked with the • * * 141 ELIZABETH ST. SYDNEY hope of a just and lasting peace. Telephone: M 2355 Mr. Menzies added. A "sovereign" State in effect is a State in which the people recognise no law higher than OBJECTIVE their own. » * * Germany is doing its best to apply the eco- "D's" The effective value of a thing is measured by nomic strangle-hold on Britain and to physically the use that can be made of it to promote human starve her to her knees. Britain is attempt- By A. K. Bell welfare and happiness. This is true of wealth, ing to do exactly the same thing to Germany. of service, of art, of nature, and of religion. Methods differ because of difference in geo- Sturdy seamen steering small, staunch ships # * # graphical positions and in naval strengths. The should stow strong, sound stomachs. Disturb- Most responsible men in the British armed one and only objective in each case is precisely ing displays during dizzy distressing dives on forces, afloat or on land, who do the actual the same.—"Victory." destroyers diving, dipping and delving down deep fighting or man our merchant ships, will disso- into depressions, demand daring, disinterested ciate themselves from Mr. Churchill's references devotion to duty by discomfited detachments to the "Huns." There are chivalrous Germans, THEN AND NOW decoyed into "D's." of course, just as there are chivalrous Britishers When David saw Goliath he very likely said: Don't despair or dilly-dally; disordinate desire and other nationalities. The present writer has "I must not let that giant get within striking to disgorge daintily devoured dinners (or experienced German chivalry at sea, and has distance or he will annihilate me." Thereupon drunken debauch) denotes determination to de- also read and heard reports testifying to other David bethought himself of the sling and stone liberately delay delivery of distasteful details; chivalrous acts. Ship by Patrick Steamers .. . » » • which, as results proved, more than compensated a dejected despondent disposition, or distin- Ship by Patrick Steamers and be sure of for differences in steture and strength, the guished deportment, diversely dominated by dis- If the destructive agencies, human and scien- tha moil careful handling of fragile cargo. great spear and mighty sword availing the giant gust at dislodging from delicate digestive de- tific, of this war are eventually transformed to Prompt and safe delivery ii attured. Mark not at all. Nor, thousands of years later, did construct a peace broadly acceptable to the your orden "Ship per Patrick Steamer" partments disagreeable deposits dispassionately and get all the advantages of Patrick the spears or clubs of natives ensure victory disowned. moral conscience of mankind, the war may not service. against the deadly machine-guns and automatic be won or lost in vain. But if a peace is con- Dope doctors diagnose debility, differ as to rifles of the whites. structed satisfying to one ideology at the ex- JAMES PATRICK & CO. degree of disablement, direct discreet dieting pense of another, then will be sown the fresh Our behaviour is largely influenced by chang- with daily dosage of dispensed decoctions duly seeds to a harvest of death in due season. PTY. LTD. ing or changed circumstances, and this truth diluted, dispersing disorder. • » • is again clearly demonstrated by the methods SCOTTISH HOUSE. BRIDGE STREET. SYDNEY "Do or die" demeanour desirable. Desist. used in the war to-day. "To live in the hearts we leave behind is not to Telephone : BW4III (4 lines) die."—President Lincoln. THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL ft December, 1939 they vaguely advocate must of necessity con- tinually destroy personal liberty or itself perish. THE WORLD-WAR OF IDEAS In a consistently Socialist State, for example, there would not and could not be room for the By LANCE FALLAW, M.A., B.Litt purely capitalistic and individual pastime of BIRT & COMPANY (In "The Practical Patriot") gambling. Yet how many of the thousands who vote for Socialism and also frequent the race- It is to-day a commonplace that the world is no such right at all. People who made (and course could be brought to realise so obvious a (PTY.) LIMITED witnessing a war of rival ideologies—to use one often still make) Moscow their mecca have no truth? Why, there is no more thorough-going of the horrible new words that have been coined logical claim to charge Berlin and Rome with individualist at heart, though he knows it not, to fit old conceptions. This much is by general tyranny. It is not the tyranny to which they than your "parlour Bolshie," member of the consent accepted. But on the question of identi- take exception, but the fact that their fritnds are Pink intelligentsia. For long he has fancied that 4 BRIDGE STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W. fying these mutually antagonistic forces, a wide- not the tyrants. The true devotee or freedom the all-powerful Bureaucracy of his dreams spread popular fallacy exists. For it is assumed alone carries conviction when he denounces would be made up of himself and his friends, P.O. BOX 544 B„ G.P.O. by the vast majority that the fight is between either, because he alone denounces both. Nor is for this type can never visualise the Mob. To- Fascism and Bolshevism, whereas the real truth such a one overwhelmingly impressed by the day in many lands he sees the Mob in charge, is that both these systems are as one in oppo- material gain of the dictatorships, in the matter, driven by adroit leadership to forbid men the sition to any and every form of free Democracy. for example of employment. For, apart from right to differ from the herd, and he is not This has long been clear to independent thinkers, the spiritual cost of such gains, it is surely attracted by the picture. Perhaps old Liberal- and will soon become increasingly clear to all. obvious that, given supreme authority and a ism was better after all, even if mankind has Alio at supine people, anybody—literally anybody—can The heads of the totalitarian States have been proved not altogether worthy of the large cure unemployment by prescribing the entire 64 EAGLE STREET, BRISBANE aware of this fact from the first. Far from assumptions on its behalf which Liberalism has terms and conditions of work. Therein we see MUSGRAVE COLD STORES, STANLEY STREET, apologising for their attacks upon liberty, they made. the slave State in operation. have plainly declared (Mussolini most plainly of Why, one wonders, cannot the Dictator SOUTH BRISBANE. them all) that liberty is an evil thing which The fact is, numbers of our milder "Pinks," States combine the best of both systems, and ought to be destroyed. One may note in this a with the methods of authoritarianism in Ger- allow their political servitors a fair measure of certain measure of subtle nationalistic propa- many and Italy much more visible to the world social freedom? Partly, no doubt, because of ganda, a tactical move in the game of discredit- than ever they have been in Russia, now see the inherent viciousness of human nature and ing Britain, the "inventor," say the dictators, of Socialism as it really is, and they shrink from the intoxicating effect of unlimited power. It Shipping and General Agents popular freedom. These "ideologies" seem quite the sight. They "behold their natural face in a more behoves ourselves to ask why Democracy as much designed to achieve material gains (at glass," and do not recognise it Yet Socialism cannot insist on greater discipline, and thus other people's expense) as to promote their pro- is and must be authoritarianism, the effects of combine the better of two in a better guise. This fessed principles. But on those principles let us which will be the same no matter who gains the may prove less difficult than persuading the Agents in Australia for: keep our eye. power to impose them. When Mr. Shaw bluntly Dictatorships to relax a little. It may, indeed, declared, to the horror of certain simple souls, The more they are examined, the more they be the one thing needful to prevent the Dictator- Fed.rel-Branch S.rvic. are all the same. The suppression of all political that Socialism meant forced labour backed by ships from putting an end to relaxation every- opposition, the forbidding of the right to differ, capital punishment, he was simply saying what where. F.d.ral St.am Navigation Co. Ltd., London the complete control of the press and the mono- other thinkers had long perceived. The points The greatest of all challenges to Democracy TK. Naw Zaaland Shipping Co. Ltd., London poly of wireless, the white-anting of a whole laid down in my third paragraph as being com- will come if the Dictatorships, Left and Right, community by espionage and the secret police, mon to all totalitarian States, whether styled oompose their differences and present to the rest the persecution of minorities, the tragic farce Left or Right, are nearly all inseparable features of the world a really united front. This has been Cargo -nd Passenger Services to United Kingdom, Conti- of "elections" with only one party in the field- of Socialism in practice. already foreseen as being by no means impos- all these things prove Bolshevism and its sup- Of course we are all aware of the terrible sible. Their differences are not fundamental. American and Australian Line, New York posed opposites to be branches of the same tree. faults and weaknesses of Democracy on the poli- They arise mainly from personal jealousy. Osaka Syosen Keisye What little differences exist between them are tical side—its slowness, its apathy, its frequent Swedish Australia Line trifling compared to the gulf which marks them corruption, its suicidal party divisions. Earl both off from any system which permits personal Baldwin's confession that he shrank from sound- Swedish-Pacific Australia Direct Line liberty. ing the call to re-arm because he feared defeat at THE SHIP LOVERS' SOCIETY OF N.S.W. Austratind S.S. Co. Ltd., London Admittedly, the Bolsheviks were the first to the polls as a consequence, expressed a shocking YOUNGER SET begin all this and reveal its tremendous possi- truth, and one which others had uttered before Montreel Australia New Zeeland Line Ltd. On Saturday evening, 28th October, the Ship- bilities. The others have copied and improved him, time and again. But the chief value of lovers' Society of New South Wales Younger upon their model. That fact accounts for much Democracy lies on the social side; it encourages Set held a moonlight excursion to Rodd Island. Pacific Islands Transport Line that it does not justify. But at least it deprives personal liberty, which all other systems detest nentel, U.S.A., Pacific end Eastern Ports. Full perticulers of all real value a great deal of the anti-Nazi —and are right, from their own point of view, in Although the attendance was not as large as furnished on application. and anti-Fascist clamour. The democrat, the detesting. This liberty is dear not only to Con- anticipated, the evening was an all-round suc- believer in constitutional government, has every servatives and Liberals, but also to many of cess and returned a small profit which was right to criticise Hitler or Mussolini. But those those who profess to be Socialists or Commun- donated to the Navy League (N.S.W. Branch). who never complained of Lenin or Stalin have ists without realising that the kind of regime December, 1939 13 12 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL The fisheries are important, and the mercan- RESOURCES OF NATIONS tile marine has a gross tonnage of 1,500,000. THE STAFF OF LIFE ... Interesting statistics and other information miles. The highest point is only 656ft. above NORWAY relating to belligerent and neutral nations have mean sea-level. Of the 5,563,960 acres given Population, 2,908,000. Area, 124,556 sq. miles. it a appeared in previous numbers of the Journal. over to agricultuse, 90 per cent, are in holdings Less than 4 per cent, of the land is cultivable, This month we add to the list. of less than 50 acres. Dairy produce is an im- yet agriculture and forestry support 33 per cent, STURDIER STAFF portant industry. Holland has 560 miles of of the population. Considerable amounts of TURKEY land frontiers. Mercantile marine totals cereals and potatoes Eire cropped and livestock if spread with Population, 16,158,000 (in Europe, 1,268,000). 2,634,321 tons. products are exported, though foodstuffs are Area, 294,416 sq. miles (in Europe, 9,257 sq. The colonial possessions in East Indies and also imported. Forestry exports amount to miles). West Indies embrace an area of 790,000 square £8,500,000 annually. NORCO BUTTER The largest part of Turkey lies in Asia Minor, miles, with a population of nearly 61,000,000. The country is rich in minerals, especially but its European territory gives it complete pyrites and iron ore. Unwrought exports control of the Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmora HUNGARY amount to £10,000,000 annually. Be sure to ask for . . . and the Bosphorus, the only outlet of the Black (With Slovakian territories added, 1938.) Manufactures are aided by the vast resources Sea. By the Montreux Conference Turkey was Population, 10,049,000. Area, 40,500 sq. miles. of water power. The paper-making, canning, permitted to fortify this important strategic Hungary was incorporated from some of the electro-chemical and electro-metallurgic are the area. Magyar territories of the former Austro- principal industries, with a gross output worth The country is principally agricultural and is Hungarian Empire by the Treaty of Trianon. £75,000,000 a year. self-sufficient in essential foodstuffs. Primitive The Danube traverses its territory and forms The sea fisheries are extensive, the catch being methods of production are being displaced and the only direct outlet to the sea, as the country worth some £3,500,000. agricultural output is increasing. Tobacco, is otherwise landlocked. The central Great The mercantile marine has a gross tonnage raisins and nuts are at present the principal Plain is among the most fertile areas of the of 4,539,200. exports. world, and more than 2,000,000 tons of wheat "THE BUTTER OF PERFECTION" The country has mineral wealth and produces are produced annually and largely exported, LUXEMBURG a small quantity of petroleum. 2,300,000 tons whilst livestock and other agricultural products Population, 298,000. Area, 999 sq. miles. of coal are mined, and chrome, emery, borax, are important. Germany is the country's prin- Luxemburg is a Grand Duchy with frontiers manganese, etc., are exploited. cipal customer. to France, Belgium and Germany. It has an economic union with Belgium. The main Turkey is in process of industrialisation, and Coal and lignite (9,000,000 tons), bauxite language of the population is German. The production is increasing. (500,000 tons), amongst the largest deposits in principal crops are potatoes, oats, wheat and IXL Products Turkey has 1,480 miles of land frontiers, of the world, and iron ore are exploited. An oil- rye. Metallurgical industries are, however, the which 116 miles adjoin Bulgaria, 106 miles field was recently discovered at Lipse, and pro- most important, production being 2,350,000 tons H.JONES &CO Greece, 373 miles U.S.S.R., 229 miles Iran, 241 duction, though small, is increasing. iron ore, 2,513,000 tons pig iron, and 2,511,000 IXL JAMS miles Iraq, 412 miles Syria. The recent acquisitions have added consider- tons steel. ably to the coal and iron deposits, also some IXL CANNED RUMANIA textile and agricultural wealth. Carpatho- HELIGOLAND FRUITS Population, 19,646,000 (German - speaking Ukraine, acquired in March, 1939, has added Population, 2,588. minority, 800,000). Area, 113,884 sq. miles. rather less than 4,000 square miles of hill Lies off the mouths of the Elbe and the Rumania is a predominantly agricultural country and a population of less than half a Weser, 28 miles from the mainland. Commands IXL TOMATO country and is self-supporting as far as essential million. entrance to Kiel Canal as well as Hamburg and SAUCE foodstuffs are concerned, cereal exports being SWEDEN Bremen. Was ceded by England to Germany in worth some £5,000,000. It is one of the largest Population, 6,285,000. Area, 173,347 sq. 1890 in exchange for Zanzibar. Its powerful IXL BAKED oil-producing countries in Europe; production is, miles. fortifications were razed under Treaty of Ver- BEANS however, steadily falling and does not much sailles, but during the last few years it has been About half the population is engaged in agri- IXL SPAGHETTI exceed 6,000,000 tons. culture, and the country is largely self-support- heavily refortified and, together with Borkum, Wangeroog and Sylt, declared a forbidden area. It has 1,800 miles of land frontiers, of which ing in essential foodstuffs, over 3,000,000 tons Plain & Curried some 500 miles adjoin Russia, 200 miles Poland, of cereals being cropped. 390 miles Hungary (including recent conquest), Timber and paper-making are extremely im- KIEL CANAL IXL DICED Connects North Sea and the Baltic, 61.9 miles 340 miles Yugoslavia, 370 miles Bulgaria. portant, the value of output being £50,000,000 FRUIT SALAD a year. long, 144 feet wide, 37.07 feet deep. Under the HOLLAND Treaty of Versailles warships and commercial Iron is extensively mined; 11,000,000 tons are vessels of all nations at peace with Germany Population, 8,556,920. Area, 12,698 sq. miles. raised annually, and much exported. • AUSTRALIA'S BUT oould use the Canal, but Herr Hitler announced ALL IXL PRODUCTS ARE The land is generally flat and low, intersected Mechanical industry produces £33,000,000 two years ago that in future it would be closed by numerous canals, of which there are 4,500 and textUes £30,000,000. to foreign warships. During European War QUALITY PRODUCTS a* THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL December, 1939 The IVavy League N.S.W. Branch GLOBEX Cockatoo Docks & Patron: (BEEF EXTRACT) Engineering Co. Pty. Ltd. His Excellency The Governor of N.S.W., The Lord Wakehurst, K.C.M.G. President: Contractors to . . . Rear Admiral J. B. Stevenson, C.M.G. H.M. AUSTRALIAN NAVY Executive Committee: T. H. Silk, M.I.C.E., M.I.N.A. (Chairman) Sir Kelso King, S.S.D. Captain M.B.R. Blackwood, D.S.O., R.N. Ship-builders, Marine & General Engineers Commander F.W. Hixson, O.B.E., C. M. C. Shannon S.S.D. W. A. Mackay Sir Thomas Gordon, Kt. Sir Walter Carpenter, K.B. Inquiries invited Commander S. W. Spain J. L. Milson For appetising flavour, strength • building nourishment and economy in use . . . you Commander J. Patrick, R.D.R.A.N.R. S. Cooper, S.S.D. can't beat GLOBEX. It contains the full Hon. Treasurers: Hon. Secretary: strength and concentrated essence of the primest beef and it is made in a second. COCKATOO ISLAND Sir Kelso King, S.S.D. C. M. C. Shannon Commander F. W. Hixson, O.B.E. S.S.D. Try it for soups, gravies, nourishing beef tea, and it makes really delicious sandwiches . . . Hon. Auditors: Secretary and Editor of Journal: but spread it •hinly. SYDNEY Robertson, Crane and Gibbons W. W. Beale, O.B.E. •

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German High Seas Fleet was based on Kiel. Thought is subversive and revolutionary, des- Built in 1785, reconstructed on three occasions tructive and terrible; thought is merciless to since. privilege, established institutions and comfort- able habits; thought is anarchic and lawless, For all happy occasions, afloat Recent Passenger Liners indifferent to authority, careless of the well-tried The destruction of the auxiliary cruiser wisdom of the ages. Thought looks into the or ashore, the hostess can show With Babcock Boilers: Rawalpindi by German naval forces off the pit of hell and is not afraid. It sees man, a her individuality in the form "Strathallan" coast of Iceland with the attendance of heavy feeble speck, surrounded by unfathomable depths "Strathmore" loss of gallant lives is one of the tragedies of of silence; yet it bears itself proudly, as un- she serves . . . "Stratheden" war. The British ship had no chance against moved as if it were lord of the universe. Thought "Orcades" her more heavily armed opponents, but it was is great and swift and free, the light of the the fortune of war, and it may be her des- world, and the chief glory of man.—Bertrand ARNOTT'S With Babcock-Johnson Boiler; troyers' turn next. Russell. "Arundel Castle" Following the unequal combat came news- "Windsor Castle" paper reports of alleged inhuman conduct of CRISP SAO "Andes" the German seamen towards their helpless foes, "Orion" but such reports, unless supported by the most All above vessels are oil-f'/ed. reliable evidence, should be received with the BISCUITS greatest caution and reserve. German seamen With Babcock Boilers & Babcocl generally are no less gallant than their adver- the lightest and most desirable Erith Marine Strokers: saries, and no less ready, circumstances per- base for savouries. Attractive, Two new mail steamers for the British mitting, to uphold the best traditions of the India S.N. Co. Ltd. sea. too, with ham, paste, fresh or stewed fruit and a simple epi- Babcock & Wilcox Limited curean delight with butter and Men fear thought as they fear nothing else Incorporated in England on earth—more than ruin, more even than death. cheese. Australian Head Office and Works: REGENT'S PARK, N.S.W. 16 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL WILLIAM ARNOTT PTY. LIMITED. HOMEBUSH m

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