Book Review: “Neanderthal Language: Demystifying the Linguistic Powers of Our Extinct Cousins” by Rudolf Botha
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Las Proteínas De Homo Antecessor
2 OPINIÓN INFORME EIA OPINIÓN EXTERNA Paleoauxología Atapuerca sigue latiendo REBECA GARCÍA-GONZÁLEZ / UBU l término Paleoauxología fue acuñado por Ane Marie Tillier en 1995, quien lo describió como la disciplina cuyo objeto de estudio es el crecimiento y desarrollo Ede poblaciones pasadas. Es un ámbito fasci- nante cuyos objetivos van desde entender la variabilidad de las poblaciones actuales en los procesos de crecimiento y desarrollo, hasta des- cifrar el origen y evolución de nuestro peculiar patrón de crecimiento y desarrollo. Mis inicios con este tipo de estudios se remontan a mis años predoctorales. Bajo la dirección de los pro- fesores Juan Luis Arsuaga y José Miguel Carre- tero inicié una tesis doctoral cuyos objetivos principales eran determinar de la manera más fiable la edad de la muerte de los individuos in- maduros de la Sima de los Huesos a partir de sus restos poscraneales, así como, en la medida de lo posible, establecer el patrón de crecimien- to esquelético y corporal de estos humanos. Muy pronto nos dimos cuenta de que esos objetivos en su totalidad eran difícilmente abar- cables en una sola tesis doctoral. Había dema- siados factores a tener en cuenta, que a su vez se interrelacionaban entre sí, provocando en muchas ocasiones muchísima incertidumbre en los resultados que obteníamos. Marisa Vázquez-Shelly (en el medio), junto a la cónsul honoraria de España en Dallas, mecenas culturales y periodistas Poco a poco fui- norteamericanos que visitaron la Fundación Atapuerca y los yacimientos de la Sierra el pasado 14 de noviembre de 2019. Foto: mos aislando lo cortesía de Marisa Vázquez-Shelly que para nosotros eran las cuestio- nes más impor- tantes. -
Lucas Enríquez Gilino Máster En Ciencias De Las Religiones
Lucas Enríquez Gilino Máster en Ciencias de las Religiones Realizado por: Lucas Enríquez Gilino email: [email protected] Directores: Francisco Díez de Velasco Avellán email: [email protected] María del Mar Llinares García email: [email protected] Título: El acceso al comportamiento religioso de los homínidos anteriores al Homo sapiens sapiens a través de la actividad simbólica. Title: Access to religious behavior of earlier hominids to the Homo sapiens sapiens through the symbolic activity. Palabras clave: religión en comunidades ágrafas, actividad simbólica, animal enfocado hacia la trascendente, creencias prehistóricas. Keywords: religion in agraphic communities, symbolic activity, animal focused towards the transcendence, belief prehistoric. 1 Lucas Enríquez Gilino Máster en Ciencias de las Religiones Índice de contenidos: 1. Introducción 3-5 2. Problemática 5-16 a. Definición del objeto de estudio 7-12 b. Posibilidades del registro arqueológico 12-16 3. Actividad simbólica 16-25 a. Características de su realización 17-18 b. Arqueología de la individualidad, el concepto del yo. 18-19 c. Arqueología de los conceptos espacio-tiempo 19-20 d. Lenguaje: 20-25 i. Formas de estudio 21-24 e. El lenguaje como desarrollo cognitivo-conductual 24-25 4. Evolución cognitiva 25-32 a. Corteza cerebral y sistema límbico 25-27 b. Cerebro y medio ambiente 27-28 c. El desarrollo de la mente 29-32 i. Fase 1 30-30 ii. Fase 2 30-31 iii. Fase 3 31-32 5. Evidencia material: 33-53 a. H. Erectus 34-40 i. Posibilidades neuronales 34-36 ii. El concepto del yo 36-37 1. Solidaridad intergrupal 36-37 2. -
Paleoanthropology Society Meeting Abstracts, Memphis, Tn, 17-18 April 2012
PALEOANTHROPOLOGY SOCIETY MEETING ABSTRACTS, MEMPHIS, TN, 17-18 APRIL 2012 Paleolithic Foragers of the Hrazdan Gorge, Armenia Daniel Adler, Anthropology, University of Connecticut, USA B. Yeritsyan, Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology & Ethnography, ARMENIA K. Wilkinson, Archaeology, Winchester University, UNITED KINGDOM R. Pinhasi, Archaeology, UC Cork, IRELAND B. Gasparyan, Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology & Ethnography, ARMENIA For more than a century numerous archaeological sites attributed to the Middle Paleolithic have been investigated in the Southern Caucasus, but to date few have been excavated, analyzed, or dated using modern techniques. Thus only a handful of sites provide the contextual data necessary to address evolutionary questions regarding regional hominin adaptations and life-ways. This talk will consider current archaeological research in the Southern Caucasus, specifically that being conducted in the Republic of Armenia. While the relative frequency of well-studied Middle Paleolithic sites in the Southern Caucasus is low, those considered in this talk, Nor Geghi 1 (late Middle Pleistocene) and Lusakert Cave 1 (Upper Pleistocene), span a variety of environmental, temporal, and cultural contexts that provide fragmentary glimpses into what were complex and evolving patterns of subsistence, settlement, and mobility over the last ~200,000 years. While a sample of two sites is too small to attempt a serious reconstruction of Middle Paleolithic life-ways across such a vast and environmentally diverse region, the sites -
Plant Foods and the Dietary Ecology of Neanderthals and Early Modern Humans
Journal of Human Evolution xxx (2014) 1e11 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Human Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jhevol Plant foods and the dietary ecology of Neanderthals and early modern humans Amanda G. Henry a,*, Alison S. Brooks b, Dolores R. Piperno c,d a Plant Foods in Hominin Dietary Ecology Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany b Department of Anthropology, Center for Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, The George Washington University, 2110 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA c Program in Human Ecology and Archaeobiology, Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013- 7012, USA d Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama article info abstract Article history: One of the most important challenges in anthropology is understanding the disappearance of Nean- Received 3 February 2012 derthals. Previous research suggests that Neanderthals had a narrower diet than early modern humans, Accepted 22 December 2013 in part because they lacked various social and technological advances that lead to greater dietary variety, Available online xxx such as a sexual division of labor and the use of complex projectile weapons. The wider diet of early modern humans would have provided more calories and nutrients, increasing fertility, decreasing Keywords: mortality and supporting large population sizes, allowing them to out-compete Neanderthals. However, Phytolith this model for Neanderthal dietary behavior is based on analysis of animal remains, stable isotopes, and Starch grain Microfossil other methods that provide evidence only of animal food in the diet. -
What's in a Neanderthal
WHAT’S IN A NEANDERTHAL: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Taylorlyn Stephan Oberlin College Dept. of Anthropology Advised by Prof. Amy Margaris TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Abstract – pg. 3 II. Introduction – pg. 3-4 III. Historical Background – pg. 4-5 a. Fig. 1 – pg. 5 IV. Methods – pg. 5-8 a. Figs. 2 and 3 – pg. 6 V. Genomic Definitions – pg. 8-9 VI. Site Introduction – pg. 9-10 a. Fig 4 – pg. 10 VII. El Sidron – pg. 10-14 a. Table – pg. 10-12 b. Figs. 5-7 – pg. 12 c. Figs. 8 and 9 – pg. 13 VIII. Mezmaiskaya – pg. 14-18 a. Table – pg. 14-16 b. Figs. 10 and 11 – pg. 16 IX. Shanidar – pg. 18-22 a. Table – pg. 19-20 b. Figs. 12 and 13 – pg.21 X. Vindija – pg. 22-28 a. Table – pg. 23-25 b. Fig. 14 – pg. 25 c. Figs. 15-18 – pg. 26 XI. The Neanderthal Genome Project – pg. 28-32 a. Table – pg. 29 b. Fig. 19 – pg. 29 c. Figs. 20 and 21 – pg. 30 XII. Discussion – pg. 32- 36 XIII. Conclusion – pg. 36-38 XIV. Bibliography – pg. 38-42 2 ABSTRACT In this analysis, I seek to understand how three separate lines of evidence – skeletal morphology, archaeology, and genomics – are used separately and in tandem to produce taxonomic classifications in Neanderthal and paleoanthropological research more generally. To do so, I have selected four sites as case studies: El Sidrón Cave, Mezmaiskaya Cave, Shanidar Cave, and Vindija Cave. El Sidrón, Mezmaiskaya, and Vindija all have detailed archaeological records and have yielded Neanderthal DNA. -
Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia
World Heritage papers41 HEADWORLD HERITAGES 4 Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia VOLUME I In support of UNESCO’s 70th Anniversary Celebrations United Nations [ Cultural Organization Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia Nuria Sanz, Editor General Coordinator of HEADS Programme on Human Evolution HEADS 4 VOLUME I Published in 2015 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France and the UNESCO Office in Mexico, Presidente Masaryk 526, Polanco, Miguel Hidalgo, 11550 Ciudad de Mexico, D.F., Mexico. © UNESCO 2015 ISBN 978-92-3-100107-9 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Cover Photos: Top: Hohle Fels excavation. © Harry Vetter bottom (from left to right): Petroglyphs from Sikachi-Alyan rock art site. -
Life and Death at the Pe Ş Tera Cu Oase
Life and Death at the Pe ş tera cu Oase 00_Trinkaus_Prelims.indd i 8/31/2012 10:06:29 PM HUMAN EVOLUTION SERIES Series Editors Russell L. Ciochon, The University of Iowa Bernard A. Wood, George Washington University Editorial Advisory Board Leslie C. Aiello, Wenner-Gren Foundation Susan Ant ó n, New York University Anna K. Behrensmeyer, Smithsonian Institution Alison Brooks, George Washington University Steven Churchill, Duke University Fred Grine, State University of New York, Stony Brook Katerina Harvati, Univertit ä t T ü bingen Jean-Jacques Hublin, Max Planck Institute Thomas Plummer, Queens College, City University of New York Yoel Rak, Tel-Aviv University Kaye Reed, Arizona State University Christopher Ruff, John Hopkins School of Medicine Erik Trinkaus, Washington University in St. Louis Carol Ward, University of Missouri African Biogeography, Climate Change, and Human Evolution Edited by Timothy G. Bromage and Friedemann Schrenk Meat-Eating and Human Evolution Edited by Craig B. Stanford and Henry T. Bunn The Skull of Australopithecus afarensis William H. Kimbel, Yoel Rak, and Donald C. Johanson Early Modern Human Evolution in Central Europe: The People of Doln í V ĕ stonice and Pavlov Edited by Erik Trinkaus and Ji ří Svoboda Evolution of the Hominin Diet: The Known, the Unknown, and the Unknowable Edited by Peter S. Ungar Genes, Language, & Culture History in the Southwest Pacifi c Edited by Jonathan S. Friedlaender The Lithic Assemblages of Qafzeh Cave Erella Hovers Life and Death at the Pe ş tera cu Oase: A Setting for Modern Human Emergence in Europe Edited by Erik Trinkaus, Silviu Constantin, and Jo ã o Zilh ã o 00_Trinkaus_Prelims.indd ii 8/31/2012 10:06:30 PM Life and Death at the Pe ş tera cu Oase A Setting for Modern Human Emergence in Europe Edited by Erik Trinkaus , Silviu Constantin, Jo ã o Zilh ã o 1 00_Trinkaus_Prelims.indd iii 8/31/2012 10:06:30 PM 3 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. -
Evaluating Neanderthal Genetics and Phylogeny
J Mol Evol (2007) 64:50–60 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-006-0017-y Evaluating Neanderthal Genetics and Phylogeny Martin B. Hebsgaard,1 Carsten Wiuf,2,3 M. Thomas P. Gilbert,1 Henrik Glenner,1 Eske Willerslev1 1 Centre for Ancient Genetics, Niels Bohr Institute and Biological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries vej 30, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark 2 Bioinformatics Research Center, University of Aarhus, Hoegh Guldbergs Gade 10, Building 1090, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark 3 Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, Aarhus DK-8200, Denmark Received: 25 January 2006 / Accepted: 29 August 2006 [Reviewing Editor: Dr. Martin Kreitman] Abstract. The retrieval of Neanderthal (Homo Introduction neanderthalsensis) mitochondrial DNA is thought to be among the most significant ancient DNA contri- Ancient DNA (aDNA) studies have suffered much butions to date, allowing conflicting hypotheses on criticism since they began about 20 years ago. The modern human (Homo sapiens) evolution to be tested field is still recovering from the effects of early spec- directly. Recently, however, both the authenticity tacular and erroneous claims, such as that of DNA of the Neanderthal sequences and their phylogenetic being preserved in plant fossils, dinosaur bones, and position outside contemporary human diversity have amber for many millions of years (for recent reviews been questioned. Using Bayesian inference and the see Hebsgaard et al. 2005; Willerslev and Cooper largest dataset to date, we find strong support for a 2005). Unfortunately, unreplicated results of sur- monophyletic Neanderthal clade outside the diversity prising age continue to be published, including those of contemporary humans, in agreement with the from old human remains (e.g., Adcock et al. -
Abri Du Maras, France)
Quaternary Science Reviews 82 (2013) 23e40 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Impossible Neanderthals? Making string, throwing projectiles and catching small game during Marine Isotope Stage 4 (Abri du Maras, France) Bruce L. Hardy a,*, Marie-Hélène Moncel b, Camille Daujeard b, Paul Fernandes c, Philippe Béarez d, Emmanuel Desclaux e, Maria Gema Chacon Navarro b,f, Simon Puaud b, Rosalia Gallotti g a Dept. of Anthropology, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022, USA b Département de Préhistoire, UMR 7194, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France c Paléotime, Villars de Lans, France d Département d’écologie et gestion de la biodiversité, UMR 7209, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France e Laboratoire de Préhistoire du Lazaret, Nice, France f IPHES (Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social), Tarragona, Spain g Université Bordeaux 1, UMR 5199 PACEA-PPP, Talence, France article info abstract Article history: Neanderthal behavior is often described in one of two contradictory ways: 1) Neanderthals were Received 10 June 2013 behaviorally inflexible and specialized in large game hunting or 2) Neanderthals exhibited a wide range Received in revised form of behaviors and exploited a wide range of resources including plants and small, fast game. Using stone 26 September 2013 tool residue analysis with supporting information from zooarchaeology, we provide evidence that at the Accepted 27 September 2013 Abri du Maras, Ardèche, France, Neanderthals were behaviorally flexible at the beginning of MIS 4. Here, Available online 26 October 2013 Neanderthals exploited a wide range of resources including large mammals, fish, ducks, raptors, rabbits, mushrooms, plants, and wood. -
[Supplementary Material] Engraved
[Supplementary material] Engraved bones from the archaic hominin site of Lingjing, Henan Province Zhanyang Li1,2, Luc Doyon1,3, Hao Li4,5, Qiang Wang1, Zhongqiang Zhang1, Qingpo Zhao1,2 & Francesco d’Errico3,6,* 1 Institute of Cultural Heritage, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Hongjialou District, Jinan 250100, China 2 Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, 9 3rd Street North, LongHai Road, Guancheng District, Zhenzhou 450000, China 3 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5199—PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, Bât. B18, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615 Pessac CEDEX, France 4 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China 5 CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, 142 Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China 6 SFF Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour (SapienCE), University of Bergen, Øysteinsgate 3, Postboks 7805, 5020, Bergen, Norway * Author for correspondence (Email: [email protected]) 1 OSM 1. Early engravings from Africa and Eurasia Table S1. Early engravings from Europe, Asia and Africa (modified from Majkić et al. 2018a, 2018b). Archaeological Cultural Country Continent Material Age (kya) Reference site attribution Apollo 11 Namibia Africa Bone MSA 71 (Vogelsang et al. 2010) South Ochre; (Henshilwood et al. 2002; Blombos Africa MSA 100–75 Africa Bone 2009) South (d’Errico et al. 2012b; Border Cave Africa Bone ELSA 44–42 Africa d’Errico et al. 2018) South Diepkloof Africa OES MSA 65–55 (Texier et al. 2010) Africa South Klasies River Africa Ochre MSA 100–85 (d’Errico et al. -
Neanderthal Language: Demystifying the Linguistic Powers of Our Extinct Cousins
BOOK REVIEW published: 28 May 2021 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.702361 Book Review: Neanderthal Language: Demystifying the Linguistic Powers of Our Extinct Cousins Petar Gabric´ * Institute for German Linguistics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg an der Lahn, Germany Keywords: language evolution, Neanderthals, Paleolithic, Neanderthal language, cognitive archaeology A Book Review on Neanderthal Language: Demystifying the Linguistic Powers of Our Extinct Cousins Rudolf Botha (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 2020, 209 pages, ISBN (hardback): 978-1- 108-49132-7 Recently, we have witnessed an explosion of studies and discussions claiming that Neanderthals engaged in a range of “symbolic” behaviors, including personal ornament use (Radovciˇ c´ et al., 2015), funerary practices (Balzeau et al., 2020), visual arts (Hoffmann et al., 2018), body aesthetics (Roebroeks et al., 2012), etc. In Paleolithic archaeology, it has become mainstream to axiomatically infer from these putative behaviors that Neanderthals engaged in symbol use and that Neanderthals thus possessed some form of language. Rudolf Botha’s bombastic title Neanderthal Language: Demystifying the Linguistic Powers of Our Extinct Cousins provides a detailed and very critical overview of the archaeological hypotheses and speculations about Neanderthal language. Because language does not fossilize, eventual linguistic abilities of extinct hominins have to be inferred from indirect evidence. In the first two chapters, Botha introduces this “windows approach” to language evolution and proposes three conditions that should be met for window inferences to be sound. The inferences and conclusions must be pertinent—the phenomenon referred to (i.e., language) should be accurately identified, properly grounded in data about Edited and reviewed by: the window phenomenon, and warranted—the inferential step from the window phenomenon Antonio Benítez-Burraco, to language evolution should be justified. -
Neanderthal Behavioral Modernity and Symbolic Capabilities
Field Notes: A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology Volume 7 Article 5 2015 Neanderthal Behavioral Modernity and Symbolic Capabilities Liam McGill Harvard University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/fieldnotes Recommended Citation McGill, Liam (2015) "Neanderthal Behavioral Modernity and Symbolic Capabilities," Field Notes: A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology: Vol. 7 , Article 5. Available at: https://dc.uwm.edu/fieldnotes/vol7/iss1/5 This Current Debate is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Field Notes: A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Neanderthal Behavioral Modernity and Symbolic Capabilities Liam McGill Harvard University, Harvard College Abstract: In recent years, the distinction between anatomically modern hu- mans (AMHs) and Neanderthals has come into question in light of genetic evidence that suggests they interbred. Some claim that this distinction can be maintained by delineating anatomical, developmental, and behavioral differ- ences between the two species. This paper examines the body of evidence for and against behavioral modernity in Neanderthals by using their capacity for symbolic thought as a proxy for modern behavioral capabilities. Evidence for colorant usage, personal ornamentation, symbolic etchings, and interactions between AMHs and Neanderthals supports the hypothesis that Neanderthals were capable of symbolic thought and thus possessed a behavioral modernity similar to that of early AMHs. The emergence of these behaviors seems to be closely tied to cultural/demographic explanations rather than genetic/ cognitive explanations and suggests promising opportunities for future re- search.