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The Mainstream Right, the Far Right, and Coalition Formation in Western Europe by Kimberly Ann Twist a Dissertation Submitted In
The Mainstream Right, the Far Right, and Coalition Formation in Western Europe by Kimberly Ann Twist A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Jonah D. Levy, Chair Professor Jason Wittenberg Professor Jacob Citrin Professor Katerina Linos Spring 2015 The Mainstream Right, the Far Right, and Coalition Formation in Western Europe Copyright 2015 by Kimberly Ann Twist Abstract The Mainstream Right, the Far Right, and Coalition Formation in Western Europe by Kimberly Ann Twist Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Berkeley Professor Jonah D. Levy, Chair As long as far-right parties { known chiefly for their vehement opposition to immigration { have competed in contemporary Western Europe, scholars and observers have been concerned about these parties' implications for liberal democracy. Many originally believed that far- right parties would fade away due to a lack of voter support and their isolation by mainstream parties. Since 1994, however, far-right parties have been included in 17 governing coalitions across Western Europe. What explains the switch from exclusion to inclusion in Europe, and what drives mainstream-right parties' decisions to include or exclude the far right from coalitions today? My argument is centered on the cost of far-right exclusion, in terms of both office and policy goals for the mainstream right. I argue, first, that the major mainstream parties of Western Europe initially maintained the exclusion of the far right because it was relatively costless: They could govern and achieve policy goals without the far right. -
Information Guide Euroscepticism
Information Guide Euroscepticism A guide to information sources on Euroscepticism, with hyperlinks to further sources of information within European Sources Online and on external websites Contents Introduction .................................................................................................. 2 Brief Historical Overview................................................................................. 2 Euro Crisis 2008 ............................................................................................ 3 European Elections 2014 ................................................................................ 5 Euroscepticism in Europe ................................................................................ 8 Eurosceptic organisations ......................................................................... 10 Eurosceptic thinktanks ............................................................................. 10 Transnational Eurosceptic parties and political groups .................................. 11 Eurocritical media ................................................................................... 12 EU Reaction ................................................................................................. 13 Information sources in the ESO database ........................................................ 14 Further information sources on the internet ..................................................... 14 Copyright © 2016 Cardiff EDC. All rights reserved. 1 Cardiff EDC is part of the University Library -
Anton Shekhovtsov
RUSSIAN CONNECTIONS TO THE FAR RIGHT IN EUROPE Anton Shekhovtsov Contents Executive summary Nothing New under the Sun Post-Soviet period and early Putin era European far-right politicians and pro-Kremlin fake election observation Russian media and the European far right Political cooperation between Russian stakeholders and the European far right – Austria – France – Germany – Italy Moscow’s objectives of engaging with the European far right Policy recommendations Executive summary • Today’s relations between the European far right and various Russian pro-Kremlin actors reflect a historical reality: Soviet state actors were prepared to cooperate with European right-wing extremists to entrench the international position of the Soviet Union and to inflict damage to the capitalist West, while some European right-wing extremists sought to cooperate with the Soviet Union as an ally in their struggle against Western capitalism and imperialism. • After the Second World War, Soviet authorities provided financial support to West German and Austrian right-wing extremists as a way to influence politics and political debates in those countries; in particular, Soviet funding was used to cover publishing costs of far-right newspapers and information bulletins. • After the collapse of the Soviet Union, European far-right activists and politicians revived their interest in cooperating with Russian actors, but they could only reach out to Russian ultranationalists who opposed the democratising Russian authorities that aspired to become part of the liberal-democratic West, not undermine it. • The first area of institutionalised cooperation between the European far right and Russian pro-Kremlin actors was politically biased (fake) international election observation, a form of political activity performed by international actors and aimed at advancing interests of politicians and political forces by imitating credible election monitoring during electoral processes. -
A Tour of the European Electoral Campaigns in View of the European Elections (4Th-7Th June 2009)
A tour of the European Electoral Campaigns in view of the European Elections (4th-7th June 2009) Author: Corinne Deloy, author of the European Elections Monitor (EEM) for the Robert Schuman Foundation and project manager at the Institute for Political Studies (Sciences Po). Germany Date of the election: 7th June (regional and local by-elections on the same day) Number of MEPs to be elected: 99 2009 is a super electoral year for the Germans, who within one year, will have to vote in general, regional, local, European and even the presidential elections (23rd May next by parliament). On 7th June, the day of the European election, local elections will also take place in the Länder of Bavaria, Saxony and Rhineland-Palatinate. 64 million Germans are being called to ballot including 4.3 million who will be voting for the first time. Turn out will be the greatest challenge to rise to as in all of the other European countries. According to a survey for the European institutions, only 44% of the Germans are aware that the European Parliament will be elected this year and 43% say they will go and vote. 31 political parties and associations are submitting themselves to the citizens’ judgment, a first in the country’s history. The most important of these groups are Die Linke (Left Party) whose list is being led by Lothar Bisky, the SPD (Social Democratic Party) led by Martin Schulz, chair of the European Socialists’ group in the European Parliament since 2004, die Grünen (the Greens) led by Rebecca Harms and Reinhard Bütighofer, the FDP (Liberal Democratic Party) led by young economist Silvana Koch-Mehrin, the CDU (Christian Democratic Union) led by present president of the European Parliament Hans- Gert Pöttering and the CSU (Social Christian Union) led by Martin Ferber. -
The Government Participation of Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in West European Democracies
From Pariah to Power: The Government Participation of Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in West European Democracies Sarah L. de Lange University of Antwerp Promotor: Dr. C. Mudde Reading Committee: Dr. P. Meijer Prof. dr. K. Deschouwer Prof. dr. M. Laver Prof. dr. P. Mair Prof. dr. S. Walgrave © Sarah L. de Lange, 2008 All rights reserved. Save exceptions stated by law, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system of any nature, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, included a complete or partial transcription, without the prior written permission of the proprietor. 2 For Joël and Marthe 3 Every result in nature is a riddle to be solved, and the initial difficulty in investigation is the discovery of a clue which may be followed up… What ensues… is sustained cognition…The imagination of the inquirer is put to the test in the construction of a working model of a process or processes; his critical ability is called upon to check his ideas by the facts Frederick J. Teggart (1962: 162-164) 4 CONTENTS List of tables 6 List of figures 7 Acknowledgments 9 List of abbreviations 11 Chapter 1: Introduction 15 Chapter 2: The study of government coalitions 29 Chapter 3: The radical right-wing populist party family 59 Chapter 4: The Characteristics of Radical right-wing populist government parties 91 Chapter 5: The Characteristics of Radical right-wing populist government coalitions 135 Chapter 6: A radical right-wing populist party’s rise to power 165 -
Report of the Austrian Ombudsman Board 2005
Report of the Austrian Ombudsman Board (Volksanwaltschaft) to the National Council (Nationalrat) and to the Federal Council (Bundesrat) Covering the 2005 Calendar Year (Abbreviated English Version) Preface The present volume is a very abbreviated version of the original report compiled in Ger- man and consists of a general section, which describes the activities of the three mem- bers of the Austrian Ombudsman Board. In the following some cases involving human rights shall be mentioned. The Ombudsman Board decided to add a special chapter on human rights to the annual reports beginning with the report on the year 2001. In this context also the present report deals with legal problems relating to human rights which the Ombudsman Board had to solve in 2005 when assessing complaints about administrative misconduct and infringe- ments of legal provisions by federal and state authorities. So throughout the years a com- prehensive mosaic about the human rights situation in Austria shall be created. This report is submitted not only to the National Council but also to the Federal Council in accordance with the amendment to Art. 148d of the Federal Constitutional dated 13/8/1997, Federal Law Gazette 1997/87. Both the original report written in German and the English translation are available free of charge from the Office of the Austrian Ombudsman Board (Volksanwaltschaft). Ombudsman Mag. Ewald Stadler Ombudsman Rosemarie Bauer Ombudsman Dr. Peter Kostelka Vienna, April 2006 Volksanwaltschaft (Office of the Austrian Ombudsman Board) A-1015 Vienna, Singerstraße 17, P.O.Box 20 Telephone:+43/1/51 505 Telefax:+43/1/51 505/150 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.volksanwaltschaft.gv.at Table of contents Table of contents Page 1 ENGAGEMENT AND ACTIVITY OF THE AUSTRIAN OMBUDSMAN BOARD (AOB) ................................................................. -
Report of the Austrian Ombudsman Board (Volksanwaltschaft)
Report of the Austrian Ombudsman Board (Volksanwaltschaft) to the National Council (Nationalrat) and to the Federal Council (Bundesrat) Covering the 2003 Calendar Year (Abbreviated English Version) Preface The present volume is a very abbreviated version of the original report compiled in Ger- man and consists of a general section, which describes the activities of the three mem- bers of the Austrian Ombudsman Board. In the following some cases involving human rights shall be mentioned. The Ombudsman Board decided to add a special chapter on human rights to the annual reports beginning with the report on the year 2001. In this context also the present report deals with legal problems relating to human rights which the Ombudsman Board had to solve in 2003 when assessing complaints about administrative misconduct and infringe- ments of legal provisions by federal and state authorities. So throughout the years a com- prehensive mosaic about the human rights situation in Austria shall be created. This report is submitted not only to the National Council but also to the Federal Council in accordance with the amendment to Art. 148d of the Federal Constitutional dated 13/8/1997, Federal Law Gazette 1997/87. Both the original report written in German and the English translation are available free of charge from the Office of the Austrian Ombudsman Board (Volksanwaltschaft). Ombudsman Mr. Dr. Peter Kostelka Ombudsman Mr. Mag. Ewald Stadler Ombudsman Mrs. Rosemarie Bauer Vienna, December 2004 Volksanwaltschaft (Office of the Austrian Ombudsman Board) A-1015 Vienna, Singerstraße 17, P.O.Box 20 Telephone:+43/1/51 505 Telefax:+43/1/51 505/150 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.volksanwaltschaft.gv.at Content Table of contents Page 1 ENGAGEMENT AND ACTIVITY OF THE AUSTRIAN OMBUDSMAN BOARD (AOB) ........................................... -
Russia and the European Far Right
University College London Russia and the European Far Right by Anton Shekhovtsov A thesis submitted to University College London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) School of Slavonic and East European Studies University College London 2018 1 Declaration of Authorship I, Anton Shekhovtsov, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract This thesis explores contemporary relations between various Russian actors and European far right ideologues, movements, organisations and parties. The thesis demonstrates that each side of this relationship is driven by evolving and, at times, circumstantial political and pragmatic considerations that involve, on the one hand, the need to attain or restore declining or deficient domestic or international legitimacy and, on the other hand, the ambition to reshape the apparently hostile domestic or international environments in accordance with one’s own interests. Introduction discusses the research background of the thesis, and outlines its conceptual framework, methodology and structure. Chapter 1 discusses pro-Russian elements of the European far right milieu before the Second World War. Chapter 2 looks at the active cooperation between Russian and Western far right politicians after the fall of the Soviet Union. Chapter 3 examines the right-wing authoritarian evolution of Vladimir Putin’s regime – an evolution that facilitated the deepening of the relations between Russian pro-Kremlin actors and the European far right. Chapters 4 and 5 consider two areas of dynamic cooperation between various Russian actors and European far right politicians and organisations aimed at supporting and consolidating alternative institutions that aim at challenging and undermining liberal- democratic practices and traditions: electoral monitoring and the media. -
The Spectre of Austria - Reappraising the Rise of the Freedom Party from 1986 to 2000
The spectre of Austria - Reappraising the rise of the Freedom Party from 1986 to 2000 Goran Adamson Department of Sociology London School of Economics and Political Science Sept. 8, 2009 Ph.D. Thesis Supervisor: Robin Archer UMI Number: U615B32 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615BB2 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 F Ph.D. thesis submission: Abstract and declaration of word length Name of candidate: Goran Adamson Title of thesis: The spectre of Austria - Reappraising the rise of the Freedom Party from 1986 to 2000 Key words: Austria, Austrian Freedom Party, corporatism, elitism, fascism, FPO, Jorg Plaider, populism, racism, right-wing extremism, right-wing parties, right-wing populism British Library of Political and Economic Science 2 IZ7oo^ 2 ABSTRACT This thesis analyses the reasons behind the electoral successes of the FPO between 1986, when Jorg Haider assumed the leadership of the party, and 2000, when the party entered into a government coalition with the OVP. A widely held view is that the FPO’s rise was caused predominantly by the party’s right-wing extremist tendencies. -
The 2009 Elections to the European Parliament Country Reports
The 2009 Elections to the European Parliament Country Reports Edited by Wojciech Gagatek Foreword by Yves Mény European University Institute Florence, Italy © European University Institute 2010 Editorial matter and selection © Wojciech Gagatek Chapters © authors individually This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Any additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the author(s), editor(s). If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the year and the publisher. ISBN 978-92-9084-051-0 doi:10.2870/13513 Published by the European University Institute Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European Union Democracy Observatory - EUDO Via dei Roccettini, 9 I-50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) – Italy E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.eudo.eu www.eui.eu First edition: April 2010 Views expressed in this publication reflect the opinion of individual authors and not those of the European University Institute. Cover photo © European Union, 2010 IV THE 2009 EP ELECTIONS TABLE OF CON T EN T S Foreword Yves Mény, President of the European University Institute 2002-2009 . IX Preface: Bringing the European Parliament election results closer to the citizens Wojciech Gagatek, Alexander H . Trechsel and Fabian Breuer . XI SE ct ION I IN T RODU ct IO N 1 How much ‘second-order’ were the European Parliament elections 2009? Alexander H . Trechsel . 3. 2 Campaigning in the European Parliament elections Wojciech Gagatek . 1. 3 3 The biggest marketing campaign in the history of the EU Lutz Meyer . -
Russian Connections of the Austrian Far-Right
Dr. Bernhard Weidinger Fabian Schmid Dr. Péter Krekó Russian Connections of the Austrian Far-Right Edited by Lóránt Győri April, 2017 A study by Political Capital 1 Russian Connections of the Austrian Far-Right Commissioned by Political Capital Budapest 2017 Authors: Dr. Bernhard Weidinger (Documentation Centre of Austrian Resistance), Fabian Schmid (der Standard), Dr. Péter Krekó (Political Capital) Editor: Lóránt Győri (Political Capital) Publisher: Political Capital Copy editing: Mátyás Földvári, Veszna Wessenauer (Political Capital) Proofreading: Patrik Szicherle (Political Capital), Joseph Foss Facebook data scraping and quantitative analysis: Csaba Molnár (Political Capital) This publication and research was supported by the National Endowment for Democracy. 2 CONTENTS Contents ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Methodology .................................................................................................................................................... 7 The main goals of the research are the following: .................................................................................. 7 We used the following research methods:........................................................................................... 7 Interviews -
Attacks on Justice 2002-Austria-Publications-2002
AUSTRIA Concern has arisen recently about the independence of the judiciary in Austria. An indicator of this concern was an open letter that was signed by two thirds of all judges and public prosecutors of the country. Allegations have also been brought to light about attempts of certain politicians to influence the course of justice in ongoing trials. The role played by the current Minister of Justice, Dieter Böhmdorfer, has also subject of some public debate. Austria is a democratic republic and federal state, composed of nine autonomous states (Länder). Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938 and liberated and occupied by the victorious Allies in 1945. The Provisional Government reinstated the Constitution which had been in force before the parliamentary democracy in Austria was suspended in 1933. A June 1946 agreement provided that the Austrian Government receive qualified authority over the entire country, including the right to legislate and to administer the laws. Austria's full sovereignty was restored on 15 May 1955, when the four Allied powers signed the State Treaty formally re-establishing the Austrian republic. The legislature adopted a constitutional provision on 26 October 1955 declaring Austria's "permanent neutrality." Subsequent to a referendum, Austria joined the European Union on 1 January 1995. The Federal President (Bundespräsident) is the head-of-state, and is directly elected by popular vote for a term of six years. The current Federal President, Thomas Klestil, has been in office since 1992. The head of government is the Federal Chancellor (Bundeskanzler). The President appoints the Federal Chancellor and the other members of the cabinet pursuant to the Chancellor's recommendation.