Draft Product Performance Test Guidelines OCSPP 810.3300
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Historical Perspectives on Apple Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Insecticidal Chemistries
Historical Perspectives on Apple Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Insecticidal Chemistries. Peter Jentsch Extension Associate Department of Entomology Cornell University's Hudson Valley Lab 3357 Rt. 9W; PO box 727 Highland, NY 12528 email: [email protected] Phone 845-691-7151 Mobile: 845-417-7465 http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/faculty/jentsch/ 2 Historical Perspectives on Fruit Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Chemistries. by Peter Jentsch I. Historical Use of Pesticides in Apple Production Overview of Apple Production and Pest Management Prior to 1940 Synthetic Pesticide Development and Use II. Influences Changing the Pest Management Profile in Apple Production Chemical Residues in Early Insect Management Historical Chemical Regulation Recent Regulation Developments Changing Pest Management Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 The Science Behind The Methodology Pesticide Revisions – Requirements For New Registrations III. Resistance of Insect Pests to Insecticides Resistance Pest Management Strategies IV. Reduced Risk Chemistries: New Modes of Action and the Insecticide Treadmill Fermentation Microbial Products Bt’s, Abamectins, Spinosads Juvenile Hormone Analogs Formamidines, Juvenile Hormone Analogs And Mimics Insect Growth Regulators Azadirachtin, Thiadiazine Neonicotinyls Major Reduced Risk Materials: Carboxamides, Carboxylic Acid Esters, Granulosis Viruses, Diphenyloxazolines, Insecticidal Soaps, Benzoyl Urea Growth Regulators, Tetronic Acids, Oxadiazenes , Particle Films, Phenoxypyrazoles, Pyridazinones, Spinosads, Tetrazines , Organotins, Quinolines. 3 I Historical Use of Pesticides in Apple Production Overview of Apple Production and Pest Management Prior to 1940 The apple has a rather ominous origin. Its inception is framed in the biblical text regarding the genesis of mankind. The backdrop appears to be the turbulent setting of what many scholars believe to be present day Iraq. -
Neuroactive Insecticides: Targets, Selectivity, Resistance, and Secondary Effects
EN58CH06-Casida ARI 5 December 2012 8:11 Neuroactive Insecticides: Targets, Selectivity, Resistance, and Secondary Effects John E. Casida1,∗ and Kathleen A. Durkin2 1Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, 2Molecular Graphics and Computational Facility, College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; email: [email protected], [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2013. 58:99–117 Keywords The Annual Review of Entomology is online at acetylcholinesterase, calcium channels, GABAA receptor, nicotinic ento.annualreviews.org receptor, secondary targets, sodium channel This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153645 Abstract Copyright c 2013 by Annual Reviews. Neuroactive insecticides are the principal means of protecting crops, people, All rights reserved livestock, and pets from pest insect attack and disease transmission. Cur- ∗ Corresponding author rently, the four major nerve targets are acetylcholinesterase for organophos- phates and methylcarbamates, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor for neonicotinoids, the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor/chloride channel for by Public Health Information Access Project on 04/29/14. For personal use only. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2013.58:99-117. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org polychlorocyclohexanes and fiproles, and the voltage-gated sodium channel for pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. Species selectivity and acquired resistance are attributable in part to structural differences in binding subsites, receptor subunit interfaces, or transmembrane regions. Additional targets are sites in the sodium channel (indoxacarb and metaflumizone), the glutamate-gated chloride channel (avermectins), the octopamine receptor (amitraz metabolite), and the calcium-activated calcium channel (diamides). Secondary toxic effects in mammals from off-target serine hydrolase inhibi- tion include organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy and disruption of the cannabinoid system. -
The Effectiveness of a Pyriprole \(125 Mg/Ml\) and a Metaflumizone \(150
Article available at http://www.parasite-journal.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2008151093 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A PYRIPROLE (125 MG/ML) AND A METAFLUMIZONE (150 MG/ML) COMBINED WITH AMITRAZ (150 MG/ML) SPOT-ON TREATMENT IN PREVENTING PHLEBOTOMUS PERNICIOSUS FROM FEEDING ON DOGS THOMAS C.*, ROQUES M.* & FRANC M.* Summary: Résumé : PYRIPROLE ET ASSOCIATION MÉTAFLUMIZONE-AMITRAZ : ÉTUDE DE L’ACTIVITÉ ANTI-GORGEMENT VIS-À-VIS DE PHLEBOTOMUS A controlled clinical trial was performed to assess the effectiveness PERNICIOSUS SUR LE CHIEN TRAITÉ PAR CES FORMULATIONS SPOT-ON of a pyriprole (125 mg/ml) and a metaflumizone (150 mg/ml) combined with amitraz (150 mg/ml) spot-on treatment Cet essai avait pour but d’étudier l’efficacité de deux spot-on (recommended dosage) in preventing adult female sandflies destinés au chien – pyriprole (125 mg/ml) et métaflumizone (Phlebotomus perniciosus) from feeding on dogs. Sandfly mortality (150 mg/ml) associée à l’amitraz (150 mg/ml) – sur les was also assessed. Twelve beagle dogs were used in the study. phlébotomes (effet létal et effet antigorgement). 12 chiens ont été Prior to treatment they were checked for their attractiveness to sand- utilisés. Ils ont été répartis en trois lots de quatre en fonction de flies, ranked accordingly to generate partner triplets of equivalent leur attractivité pour les femelles de phlébotomes. Un lot a été sensitivity to sandflies: four control dogs, four treated with the traité avec le spot-on au pyriprole, un lot avec la métaflumizone pyriprole and four with the metaflumizone spot-on. The dogs were associée à de l’amitraz, le dernier lot étant le lot témoin non challenged with 50 unfed adult female sandflies (8-10 days old), traité. -
Manual for Certificate Course on Plant Protection & Pesticide Management
Manual for Certificate Course on Plant Protection & Pesticide Management (for Pesticide Dealers) For Internal circulation only & has no legal validity Compiled by NIPHM Faculty Department of Agriculture , Cooperation& Farmers Welfare Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Government of India National Institute of Plant Health Management Hyderabad-500030 TABLE OF CONTENTS Theory Practical CHAPTER Page No. class hours hours I. General Overview and Classification of Pesticides. 1. Introduction to classification based on use, 1 1 2 toxicity, chemistry 2. Insecticides 5 1 0 3. fungicides 9 1 0 4. Herbicides & Plant growth regulators 11 1 0 5. Other Pesticides (Acaricides, Nematicides & 16 1 0 rodenticides) II. Pesticide Act, Rules and Regulations 1. Introduction to Insecticide Act, 1968 and 19 1 0 Insecticide rules, 1971 2. Registration and Licensing of pesticides 23 1 0 3. Insecticide Inspector 26 2 0 4. Insecticide Analyst 30 1 4 5. Importance of packaging and labelling 35 1 0 6. Role and Responsibilities of Pesticide Dealer 37 1 0 under IA,1968 III. Pesticide Application A. Pesticide Formulation 1. Types of pesticide Formulations 39 3 8 2. Approved uses and Compatibility of pesticides 47 1 0 B. Usage Recommendation 1. Major pest and diseases of crops: identification 50 3 3 2. Principles and Strategies of Integrated Pest 80 2 1 Management & The Concept of Economic Threshold Level 3. Biological control and its Importance in Pest 93 1 2 Management C. Pesticide Application 1. Principles of Pesticide Application 117 1 0 2. Types of Sprayers and Dusters 121 1 4 3. Spray Nozzles and Their Classification 130 1 0 4. -
Efficacy of a Fixed Combination of Permethrin 54.5% and Fipronil 6.1
Bonneau et al. Parasites & Vectors (2015) 8:204 DOI 10.1186/s13071-015-0805-6 RESEARCH Open Access Efficacy of a fixed combination of permethrin 54.5% and fipronil 6.1% (Effitix®) in dogs experimentally infested with Ixodes ricinus Stéphane Bonneau1†, Nadège Reymond2†, Sandeep Gupta3 and Christelle Navarro1* Abstract Background: Ticks are the most important vectors of disease-causing pathogens in domestic animals and are considered to be second worldwide to mosquitoes as vectors of human diseases. In Europe, Ixodes ricinus,the sheep tick, plays an important role as companion animal parasite but is also the primary vector of medically important diseases such as tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy under laboratory conditions of a new fixed spot-on combination of fipronil and permethrin (Effitix®, Virbac) in treating and preventing tick infestations of Ixodes ricinus in dogs. Methods: Twelve dogs were included in this randomized, controlled, blinded laboratory study. They were randomly allocated to two groups of six dogs each according to their pre-treatment live attached Ixodes ricinus tick count. On day 0,thedogsfromGroup2weretreatedwiththerecommendeddose of Effitix®, the dogs from Group 1 remained untreated. On days −2, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35, all dogs were infested with 50 (±4) viable unfed adult Ixodes ricinus (20 ± 2 males, 30 ± 2 females). Ticks were removed and counted at 48 ± 2 hours post product administration or tick infestations. Results: Through the study, the tick attachment rates for the untreated group were greater than 25% demonstrating that adequate levels of infestation were reached on the control dogs. -
Genetically Modified Baculoviruses for Pest
INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTHETIC AGENTS This page intentionally left blank INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTHETIC AGENTS EDITED BY LAWRENCE I. GILBERT SARJEET S. GILL Amsterdam • Boston • Heidelberg • London • New York • Oxford Paris • San Diego • San Francisco • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press, 32 Jamestown Road, London, NW1 7BU, UK 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA ª 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved The chapters first appeared in Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science, edited by Lawrence I. Gilbert, Kostas Iatrou, and Sarjeet S. Gill (Elsevier, B.V. 2005). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (þ44) 1865 843830, fax (þ44) 1865 853333, e-mail [email protected]. Requests may also be completed on-line via the homepage (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Insect control : biological and synthetic agents / editors-in-chief: Lawrence I. Gilbert, Sarjeet S. Gill. – 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-12-381449-4 (alk. paper) 1. Insect pests–Control. 2. Insecticides. I. Gilbert, Lawrence I. (Lawrence Irwin), 1929- II. Gill, Sarjeet S. SB931.I42 2010 632’.7–dc22 2010010547 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-12-381449-4 Cover Images: (Top Left) Important pest insect targeted by neonicotinoid insecticides: Sweet-potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci; (Top Right) Control (bottom) and tebufenozide intoxicated by ingestion (top) larvae of the white tussock moth, from Chapter 4; (Bottom) Mode of action of Cry1A toxins, from Addendum A7. -
ESCCAP Guidelines Final
ESCCAP Malvern Hills Science Park, Geraldine Road, Malvern, Worcestershire, WR14 3SZ First Published by ESCCAP 2012 © ESCCAP 2012 All rights reserved This publication is made available subject to the condition that any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise is with the prior written permission of ESCCAP. This publication may only be distributed in the covers in which it is first published unless with the prior written permission of ESCCAP. A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. ISBN: 978-1-907259-40-1 ESCCAP Guideline 3 Control of Ectoparasites in Dogs and Cats Published: December 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................................4 SCOPE..............................................................................................................................................................5 PRESENT SITUATION AND EMERGING THREATS ......................................................................................5 BIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES ...................................................................6 1. Fleas.............................................................................................................................................................6 2. Ticks ...........................................................................................................................................................10 -
Chemotherapeutants Against Salmon Lice Lepeophtheirus Salmonis – Screening of Efficacy
Chemotherapeutants against salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis – screening of efficacy Stian Mørch Aaen Thesis for the degree of Philosophiae Doctor Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences Norwegian University of Life Sciences Adamstuen 2016 1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments 5 Acronyms/terminology 7 List of papers 8 Summary 9 Sammendrag 9 1 Introduction 11 1.1 Salmon farming in an international perspective; industrial challenges 11 1.2 Salmon lice 12 1.2.1 History and geographic distribution 12 1.2.2 Salmon lice life cycle 14 1.2.3 Pathology caused by salmon lice 16 1.2.4 Salmon lice cultivation in the lab 16 1.3 Approaches to combat sea lice 17 1.3.1 Medicinal interference: antiparasitic chemotherapeutants 17 1.3.2 Resistance in sea lice against chemotherapeutants 19 1.3.3 Non-medicinal intervention: examples 22 1.3.3.1 Physical barriers 23 1.3.3.2 Optical and acoustic control measures 23 1.3.3.3 Functional feeds, vaccine, breeding 24 1.3.3.4 Biological de-lousing: cleaner fish and freshwater 24 1.3.3.5 Physical removal 24 1.3.3.6 Fallowing and geographical zones 25 1.4 Rationale 25 2 Aims 26 3 Materials and methods 26 3.1 Materials 26 3.1.1 Salmon lice 26 3.1.2 Fish – Atlantic salmon 26 3.1.3 Water 27 3.1.3 Medicinal compounds 27 3.1.4 Dissolvents 29 3.2 Methods 29 3.2.1 Hatching assays with egg strings 29 3.2.2 Survival assays with nauplii 29 3.2.3 Bioassays with preadults 30 3.2.4 Statistical analysis 31 4 Summary of papers, I-IV 32 5 Discussion 35 5.1 Novel methods for medicine screening 35 5.2 Industrial innovation in aquaculture and pharmaceutical companies 35 5.3 Administration routes of medicinal compounds to fish 36 5.4 Mixing and bioavailability of medicinal products in seawater 37 5.5 Biochemical targets in L. -
A European Field Assessment of the Efficacy of Fluralaner (Bravecto®) Chewable and Spot-On Formulations for Treatment of Dogs W
Petersen et al. Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:304 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04159-2 Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access A European feld assessment of the efcacy of furalaner (Bravecto®) chewable and spot-on formulations for treatment of dogs with generalized demodicosis Ivo Petersen1*, Rafael Chiummo1, Eva Zschiesche1, Joanna Karas‑Tecza2, Dhimiter Rapti3, Rainer Roepke1 and Emmanuel Thomas1 Abstract Background: Recent reports indicate that the isoxazoline compounds have the potential to provide safe and efec‑ tive treatment of canine generalized demodicosis, a condition that has been traditionally difcult to cure. Controlled feld studies are needed to confrm this potential. A study was therefore initiated to investigate the efcacy of a single oral or spot‑on treatment with furalaner, an isoxazoline, compared with multiple topical treatments with imidaclo‑ prid‑moxidectin, in dogs naturally afected by generalized demodicosis. Methods: Veterinary clinics in 5 European countries enrolled 134 dogs diagnosed with generalized demodicosis. Dogs were randomized to treatment with either furalaner chewables, furalaner spot‑on, or topical imidacloprid‑ moxidectin in a 2:2:1 ratio. Both furalaner formulations were administered once, at the approved dose rate, on Day 0. Imidacloprid‑moxidectin was administered per label on Day 0, and every 4 weeks, more frequently if necessary. At each visit (Days 0, 28, 56, 84), dogs were monitored for demodectic mites using deep skin scrapings and observed for health and for severity of skin lesions. Treatment was considered efcacious if more than 90% of the dogs were free of live mites at both Days 56 and 84. Results: Of 124 dogs completing the study, 57 were diagnosed with juvenile‑onset demodicosis and 67 with the adult‑ onset form. -
Flea and Tick Control Productsa
Flea and Tick Control Products a Product Manufacturer Active Ingredient(s) Parasite b Minimum Route of Age/Weight Administration Dogs Advantage Bayer Animal Health Imidacloprid Fleas 7 weeks Topical Advantage Multi for Dogs Bayer Animal Health Imidacloprid, moxidectin Fleas 7 weeks/3 lb Topical Capstar Novartis Animal Health Nitenpyram Fleas 4 weeks/2 lb Tablet Comfortis Eli Lilly and Company Spinosad Fleas 14 weeks Chewable tablet Frontline Plus for Dogs Merial Fipronil, S-methoprene Fleas and ticks 8 weeks Topical Frontline Spray Merial Fipronil Fleas and ticks 8 weeks Spray Frontline Top Spot for Dogs Merial Fipronil Fleas and ticks 8 weeks Topical K9 Advantix Bayer Animal Health Imidacloprid, permethrin Fleas and ticks 7 weeks Topical Program Flavor Tabs Novartis Animal Health Lufenuron Fleas 4 weeks Tablet ProMeris for Dogs Fort Dodge Animal Health Metaflumizone, amitraz Fleas and ticks 8 weeks Topical Proticall Insecticide Schering-Plough Permethrin Fleas and ticks 4 weeks Topical for Dogs Animal Health Revolution Pfizer Animal Health Selamectin Fleas and one tick 6 weeks Topical Sentinel Flavor Tabs Novartis Animal Health Milbemycin oxime, Fleas 4 weeks/2 lb Tablet lufenuron Vectra 3D Summit VetPharm Dinotefuran, permethrin, Fleas and ticks 7 weeks Topical pyriproxyfen Virbac Long-Acting Virbac Animal Health Permethrin, pyriproxyfen Fleas and ticks 6 months Spray KnockOut Spray Virbac Pyrethrin Dip Virbac Animal Health Pyrethrins, piperonyl Fleas and ticks 12 weeks Dip butoxide, N-octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, dipropyl isocinchomeronate -
Hazardous Materials List
Hazardous Materials List Version: 1.12.2016 v 1.4 All agrochemicals, especially pesticides, can be potentially hazardous in some form or other to human and animal health as well as to the environment and therefore should be used only under caution. Fairtrade International recommends the use of other methods like proper choice of crops and varieties, suitable cultivation practices and biological material for pest, before a chemical pesticide is used for pest control. The Hazardous Materials List (HML) is divided in three lists: the Red List, the Orange List and the Yellow List. Red List: The Red List is a ‘prohibited’ list and includes materials that must not be used on Fairtrade products. Orange List: The Orange List is a ‘restricted’ List and includes materials that may be used under conditions specified in this document thus restricting their use. The use of materials in this list will be monitored by Fairtrade International. Operators should be aware that some of these materials are to be phased out by 30 June 2020 or by 30 June 2022 as indicated in the list. The other materials in the list may eventually be prohibited and are encouraged to abandon their use. Yellow List: The Yellow List is a ‘flagged’ list and includes materials which are flagged for being hazardous and should be used under extreme caution. Fairtrade International will be monitoring the classification of these materials by international bodies like PAN, WHO and FAO, and materials may be prohibited in the future. Operators are encouraged to abandon their use. Classification of materials in the HML The Hazardous Materials List includes materials that are identified as Highly Hazardous as defined in the Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management adopted by FAO and WHO in 2013. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,139,481 B2 Sanders (45) Date of Patent: Sep
US009139481 B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,139,481 B2 Sanders (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 22, 2015 (54) ANHYDROUS AMMONIA SUPPLEMENTED 3,796.559 A * 3/1974 Windgassen ........................ 71/1 WITH AGRICULTURAL ACTIVES 3,997,319 A 12/1976 Ott 4,007,029 A * 2/1977 Kenton ............................. T1/11 (71) Applicant: Specialty Fertilizer Products, LLC, 5,210,163 A 5, 1993 Grey Leawood, KS (US) 5,536.311 A 7/1996 Rodrigues s 6,228.806 B1* 5/2001 Mehta ........................... 504,117 6,515,090 B1 2/2003 Sanders et al. (72) Inventor: John Larry Sanders, Leawood, KS 6,632,262 B2 * 10/2003 Gabrielson ....................... T1/30 (US) 7,655,597 B1 2/2010 Sanders 8,043,995 B2 10/2011 Sanders et al. (73) Assignee: Verdesian Life Sciences, LLP, Cary, 8,491,693 B2 * 7/2013 Burnham .......................... T1/11 NC (US) 2004/0211234 A1* 10/2004 Volgas et al. .................. 71 (64.1 2009/0071213 A1 3/2009 Keenan et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2009/0163365 A1 6/2009 Bentlage et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (21) Appl. No.: 14/285,272 RU 2051884 C1 1, 1996 (22) Filed: May 22, 2014 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (65) Prior Publication Data International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Oct. 16, 2014 in PCT/US 2014/039424, International Filing Date: May 23, 2014. US 2014/0345344 A1 Nov. 27, 2014 U.S. Appl. No. 62/001,110, filed May 21, 2014, entitled Polyanionic Related U.S.