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155891 WPO 43.2 Inside WSUP C.Indd
MAY 2017 VOL 43 NO 2 LEWIS AND CLARK TRAIL HERITAGE FOUNDATION • Black Sands and White Earth • Baleen, Blubber & Train Oil from Sacagawea’s “monstrous fish” • Reviews, News, and more the Rocky Mountain Fur Trade Journal VOLUME 11 - 2017 The Henry & Ashley Fur Company Keelboat Enterprize by Clay J. Landry and Jim Hardee Navigation of the dangerous and unpredictable Missouri River claimed many lives and thousands of dollars in trade goods in the early 1800s, including the HAC’s Enterprize. Two well-known fur trade historians detail the keelboat’s misfortune, Ashley’s resourceful response, and a possible location of the wreck. More than Just a Rock: the Manufacture of Gunflints by Michael P. Schaubs For centuries, trappers and traders relied on dependable gunflints for defense, hunting, and commerce. This article describes the qualities of a superior gunflint and chronicles the evolution of a stone-age craft into an important industry. The Hudson’s Bay Company and the “Youtah” Country, 1825-41 by Dale Topham The vast reach of the Hudson’s Bay Company extended to the Ute Indian territory in the latter years of the Rocky Mountain rendezvous period, as pressure increased from The award-winning, peer-reviewed American trappers crossing the Continental Divide. Journal continues to bring fresh Traps: the Common Denominator perspectives by encouraging by James A. Hanson, PhD. research and debate about the The portable steel trap, an exponential improvement over snares, spears, nets, and earlier steel traps, revolutionized Rocky Mountain fur trade era. trapping in North America. Eminent scholar James A. Hanson tracks the evolution of the technology and its $25 each plus postage deployment by Euro-Americans and Indians. -
Captain Clark at Tillamook Head, 1806
Captain Clark at Tillamook Head, 1806 By William Clark In the journal entry reproduced here, Captain William Clark offers a detailed description of the northern Oregon coast as he encountered it on January 8, 1806. Standing at the top of Tillamook Head, Clark described the view in every direction, noting the natural features of the landscape as well as the Indian villages that could be seen. Among the Native groups he identified were the “Killamox,” better known as the Tillamook. The Tillamook were a group of related Salishan-speaking communities on the central and northern Oregon coast. Clark wrote that there were five principal Tillamook villages in 1806, three of which he could see from his vantage point. He estimated their population at about 1,000, though their numbers had already been reduced by two smallpox epidemics probably introduced by maritime fur traders in the late 1770s and again in 1801. Clark described a number of large burial canoes near an old village site, possibly depopulated by this devasting disease. Clark observed that the Tillamook were culturally quite similar to the Clatsop and other Chinookan peoples of the Columbia River. Even though the Tillamook spoke a different language, they interacted frequently with their immediate neighbors to the north, south, and east. The first peoples of the Oregon and Washington coast were culturally and economically linked by a trade network that centered on the lower Columbia River. Whale blubber and oil were valuable items in this regional trade network. In January 1806, Clark led a party south from Fort Clatsop hoping to obtain blubber and oil from a whale that had washed ashore at present-day Cannon Beach. -
Ecola State Park
Pack it in, pack it out. Please don’t litter. Play it safe on the beach! Stay off logs, know the tide schedule, and Park Information: 63400-8088 (2/13) don’t turn your back on the ocean. 1-800-551-6949 Ecola www.oregonstateparks.org Year-Round Picnicking Links with History Wrapping around Tillamook Head between Seaside and Cannon Beach, Ecola State Park is a hiking and sightseeing Picnic areas with tables are located near viewpoints at the Ecola State Park is a part of the Lewis and Clark National mecca with a storied past. Ecola Point and Indian Beach parking areas. A covered picnic and State Historical Park, which includes federal and state shelter at Ecola Point is reservable for group use through parks associated with the history of the Corps of Discovery STATE PARK Trails for Explorers Reservations Northwest (1-800-452-5687). Ecola Point is 1½ expedition in both Oregon and Washington. Ecola’s trails are situated above nine miles of Pacific Ocean miles above the park’s vehicle entrance near Cannon Beach. shoreline. They offer cliffside viewpoints that look out on Beach Discoveries Pacific Ocean To Astoria picture-postcard seascapes, cozy coves, densely forested Saddle Mt. Two spacious, sandy beaches–Crescent Beach and Indian Ecola State Natural Area promontories, and even a long-abandoned offshore lighthouse. Parking The trail network includes an 8-mile segment of the Oregon Beach–provide opportunities to explore the wonders of Ecola Trailhead 1 Seaside N Coast Trail (OCT)—the park’s backbone—and a 2 /2-mile State Park. -
State Highway Department
Description of WOrk of the State Highway Department in the Counties of the State 1923 -1924 BAKER COUNTY There was less activity in highway constructjon in Baker County dur- ing the biennium just past than in previousyears. However, the main trunk line highway known as the Old Oregon Trailwas completed during this period, and some work was doneon the Baker-Cornucopia and the Baker-Unity Highways. The work on the Baker-Cornucopia Highway involved theconstruction of the grade down the Powder River Canyon, which eliminated the high Sparta summit and materially improved existing communicationbetween the Eagle and Pine Valleys and Baker.However, there still remains a very bad section between Middle Bridge and Love Bridge, and the section between Black Bridge and Richland, through the Dry Gulch country, is impassable to automobile traffic during the spring of theyear. On the Baker-Unity Highway the gradeon both sides of Dooley Moun- tain was completed. Those who were forced to travel the old mountain grade, which was narrow, crooked, and in places reacheda gradient of 22 per cent, will appreciate traveling over thenew highway now open to traffic. The total length of grading completed in Baker County during the past biennium was 18.11 miles, of which 8.95 mileswere surfaced. in addition to this work there were 25.90 miles surveyed. The Baker County bond issue of 1918, amounting to $500,000,was in- sufficient to meet the State in cooperating to complete the state highways through the county, and on November 4, 1924,an additional $500,00G was voted to complete the Baker-Cornucopia and the Baker-Unity High- ways. -
Spawning Areas and Abundance of Chinook Salmon {Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha} in the Columbia River Basin--Past and Present By
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR u.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES Spawning Areas and Abundance of Chinook Salmon {Oncorhynchus tshawytscha} in The Columbia River Basin--Past and Present By LEONARD A. FULTON United States Fish and Wildlife Service Special Scientific Report- - Fisheries No. 571 Washington, D.C. October 1968 CONTENTS Page Introduction........................ Spring- and summer-run chinook salmon. .. 3 Spawning areas . .. 3 Abundance of spring- and summer- run chinook salmon. 4 Fall-run chinook salmon. 16 Spawning areas . 16 Abundance of fall- run chinook salmon 20 Summary and conclusions 22 Acknowledgments. 23 Literature cited .. 24 Maps .............. .See Map Appendix iii Spawning Areas and Abundance of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in The Columbia River Basin--Past and Present By LEONARD A. FULTON, Fishery Biologist Bureau of Commercial Fisheries 'Biological Laboratory Seattle, Washington 98102 ABSTRACT Chinook salmon, the most abundant species of salmon in the Columbia Basin, formerly spawned in nearly a11 tributaries ofthe Columbia River and in many areas of the main river. Over the past 60 years, the construction of dams has inundated, impeded, or blocke.d acces!, to spawning areas. Despite these heavy losses, large areas of spawning grounds in the middle and lower portions of the drainage are sti11 available to chinook salmon. Stream im provements by State and Federal fishery agencies have rehabilitated some areas and have brought others into production for the first time. Important spawning areas are listed and charted in this report according to their past use (before 1965) and present use (1966). Estimates of recent spawning populations in major tributaries and in segments of the main stem are also given. -
Fort Clatsop, Lewis and Clark's 1805-1806 Winter Establishment "Living History" Demonstrations Feature for Visitors to National Park Facility
T HE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE LEWIS & CLARK T RAIL H ERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. VOL. 12, NO. 3 AUGUST 1986 Fort Clatsop, Lewis and Clark's 1805-1806 Winter Establishment "Living History" Demonstrations Feature for Visitors to National Park Facility Photograph by Andrew E. Cier, Astoria, Oregon Replica of Fort Clatsop, Near Astoria, Oregon - See Story on Page 3 - President Wang's THE LEWIS AND CLARK TRAIL Message HERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. Thank you's are due at least four Incorporated 1969 under Missouri General Not-For-Profit Corporation Act IRS Exemption different groups of Foundation Certificate No. 501(C)(3) - I dentification No. 51-0187715 members for the efforts put forth by them these past twelve months. OFFICERS - EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE First, I am most thankful for the President 1st Vice President 2nd Vice President excellent support that has been L. Edw in Wang John E. Foote H. John Montague provided by Foundation officers, 6013 St . Johns Ave. 1205 Rimhaven Way 2864 Sudbury Ct. directors, past presidents, and all M inneapolis. MN 55424 Billings. MT 591 02 Marietta. GA'30062 other committee members. Second, I am much indebted to the 1986 Edrie Lee Vinson. Secretary John E. Walker. Treasurer P.O. Box 1651 200 Market St .. Suite 1177 Program Committee, headed by Red Lodge. MT 59068 Portland. OR 97201 Malcolm Buffum, for the tre mendous effort they have put forth Ruth E. Lange, Membership Secretary. 5054 S.W. 26th Place. Port land. OR 97201 to arrange one of the finest-ever annual meeting programs. Third, I DIRECTORS am so grateful for all that is ac Harold Billian Winifred C. -
Skipaon River Restoration
Skipanon River Restoration Action Plan Adopted May, 2006 Background of Project The Skipanon Watershed Council formed in 1997 as a community-based organization to identify and proactively address watershed restoration. In 2004, the council was given funds from a civil penalty suit against a local fish processing plant. The funds are to be used for restoration in the Skipanon Watershed. Before using funds for any restoration projects, the council felt it was important to revise its Action Plan to identify the most ecological significant restoration projects within the watershed. Goal of Project The goals of this document are to identify, analyze and priotizes, to the extent possible, potential site-specific conservation projects within the Skipanon Watershed. The Council hopes to create a document based in sound ecological principles, yet understandable by the lay reader. Additionally, the Council hopes to highlight partnership opportunities, monitoring efforts and educational opportunities. Ultimately, the Council and other watershed related organizations can utilize this document to help guide restoration, conservation and acquisition activities, monitoring and education within watershed. Lastly, the Council hopes the numerical prioritization methodology is transferable to the estuarine portions of the Youngs Bay and Nicolai-Wickiup Watersheds. Methods Summary of Methods The methods to achieve the goals of the project were to 1) involve the public and 2) review and utilize other prioritization criteria. As a community-based organization, it was imperative to involve as many community members, landowners, interested citizens, municipalities and agencies in the process of identifying restoration activities as possible. To identify potential restoration projects, the Council relied on the expertise of local community members, landowners, interested citizens, representatives from local municipalities and agencies. -
Geophysical and Geochemical Analyses of Selected Miocene Coastal Basalt Features, Clatsop County, Oregon
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1980 Geophysical and geochemical analyses of selected Miocene coastal basalt features, Clatsop County, Oregon Virginia Josette Pfaff Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Geochemistry Commons, Geophysics and Seismology Commons, and the Stratigraphy Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Pfaff, Virginia Josette, "Geophysical and geochemical analyses of selected Miocene coastal basalt features, Clatsop County, Oregon" (1980). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3184. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.3175 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Virginia Josette Pfaff for the Master of Science in Geology presented December 16, 1980. Title: Geophysical and Geochemical Analyses of Selected Miocene Coastal Basalt Features, Clatsop County, Oregon. APPROVED BY MEMBERS OF THE THESIS COMMITTEE: Chairman Gi lTfiert-T. Benson The proximity of Miocene Columbia River basalt flows to "locally erupted" coastal Miocene basalts in northwestern Oregon, and the compelling similarities between the two groups, suggest that the coastal basalts, rather than being locally erupted, may be the westward extension of plateau -
Appendices Appendix A
APPENDICES APPENDIX A HISTORY OF SKIPANON RIVER WATERSHED Prepared by Lisa Heigh and the Skipanon River Watershed Council Appendix A - Skipanon River Watershed History 2 APPENDIX A HISTORY Skipanon River Watershed Natural History TIMELINE · 45 million years ago - North American Continent begins collision with Pacific Ocean Seamounts (now the Coast Range) · 25 million years ago Oregon Coast began to emerge from the sea · 20 million years ago Coast Range becomes a firm part of the continent · 15 million years ago Columbia River Basalt lava flows stream down an ancestral Columbia River · 12,000 years ago last Ice Age floods scour the Columbia River · 10,000 years ago Native Americans inhabit the region (earliest documentation) - Clatsop Indians used three areas within the Skipanon drainage as main living, fishing and hunting sites: Clatsop Plains, Hammond and a site near the Skipanon River mouth, where later D.K. Warren (Warrenton founder) built a home. · 4,500 years ago Pacific Ocean shoreline at the eastern shore of what is now Cullaby Lake · 1700’s early part of the century last major earthquake · 1780 estimates of the Chinook population in the lower Columbia Region: 2,000 total – 300 of which were Clatsops who lived primarily in the Skipanon basin. · 1770’s-1790’s Robert Gray and other Europeans explore and settle Oregon and region, bringing with them disease/epidemic (smallpox, malaria, measles, etc.) to native populations · 1805-1806 Lewis and Clark Expedition, camp at Fort Clatsop and travel frequently through the Skipanon Watershed -
Gearhart to Fort Stevens, Prelim
NOTICE The Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries is publishing this paper because the information furthers the mission of the Department. To facilitate timely distribution of the information, this report is published as received from the authors and has not been edited to our usual standards. STATE OF OREGON DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES Suite 965, 800 NE Oregon St., #28 Portland, Oregon 97232 OPEN-FILE REPORT O-01-04 COASTAL EROSION HAZARD ZONES ALONG THE CLATSOP PLAINS, OREGON: GEARHART TO FORT STEVENS PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL REPORT TO CLATSOP COUNTY 2001 By JONATHAN C. ALLAN AND GEORGE R. PRIEST Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Coastal Field Office, 313 SW 2nd St, Suite D, Newport, OR 97365 NOTICE The results and conclusions of this report are necessarily based on limited geologic and geophysical data. At any given site in any map area, site-specific data could give results that differ from those shown in this report. This report cannot replace site-specific investigations. The hazards of an individual site should be assessed through geotechnical or engineering geology investigation by qualified practitioners. Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... iii INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 BEACH PROCESSES AND FEATURES......................................................................... 2 Beach Erosion – -
Plate 5. Flood Hazard Map of Clatsop County, Oregon, Appendix E Map
Natural Hazard Risk Report for Clatsop County, Oregon G E O L O G Y F A N O D T N M I E N M E T R R A A L PLATE 5 P I E N Flood Hazard Map of D D U N S O T G R E I R E S O Clatsop County, Oregon WASHINGTON 1937 Flood Hazard Zone 100-Year Flood (1% annual chance) Columbia River sourcesThe �lood include hazard riverine. data show Areas areas are consistentexpected to with be inundated during a 100-year �lood event. Flooding Counties Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps. the regulatory �lood zones depicted in Clatsop Astoria ¤£101 30 Warrenton «¬104 ¤£ Skipanon River Svensen-Knappa Disclaimer: This product is for informational purposes and may not have been prepared for or be suitable for John Day River Westport legal, engineering, or surveying purposes. Users of this information should review or consult the primary Wallooskee River Ra�o of Es�mated Loss to Flooding data and information sources to ascertain the usability Flood Scenarios of the information. This publication cannot substitute 10-Year 50-Year 100-Year 500-Year ¤£101 for site-speci�ic investigations by quali�ied Exposure Ratio differ from the results shown in the publication. See thepractitioners. accompanying Site-speci�ic text report data for may more give details results on that the ~ ~ «¬202 0% 0.5% 1% 4.5% limitations of the methods and data used to prepare Clatsop County this publication. (rural)* Y o Arch Cape* Gearhart u ng s Ri Svensen-Knappa* ver Seaside Lewis a This map is an overview map and not intended to nd Westport* C er provide details at the community scale. -
Irmary Marin8 Science Laboratory Oregon State University
IrMARY Marin8 Science Laboratory Oregon State University Vol. 34, No. 11 November 1972 S • STATE OF OREGON DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES The Ore Bin Published Monthly By • STATE OF OREGON DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES • Head Office: 1069 State Office Bldg., Portland, Oregon - 97201 Telephone: 229 - 5580 FIELD OFFICES 2033 First Street 521 N. E. "E" Street Baker 97814 Grants Pass 97526 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Subscription rate - $2.00 per calendar year Available back issues $.25 each Second class postage paid at Portland, Oregon 'k • GOVERNING BOARD • R. W. deWeese, Portland, Chairman William E. Miller, Bend Donald G. McGregor, Grants Pass STATE GEOLOGIST R. E. Corcoran GEOLOGISTS IN CHARGE OF FIELD OFFICES Norman S. Wagner, Baker Len Ramp, Grants Pass 5Z 5Z 'St` 5Z k 5Z 5Z 5Z 5Z 5Z 'SZ 'SZk 5Z 5Z 5Z 5Z 5Z 5Z 5Z 5Z Permission is granted to reprint information contained herein. • Credit given the State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries for compiling this information will be appreciated. • State of Oregon The ORE BIN Department of Geology Volume 34,no.11 and Mineral Industries 1069 State Office Bldg. November 1972 • Portland Oregon 97201 COASTAL LANDFORMS BETWEEN TILLAMOOK BAY AND THE COLUMBIA RIVER, OREGON Ernest H. Lund Department of Geology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon The 50-mile stretch of the Oregon coast between Tillamook Bay and the Columbia River can be divided into three nearly equal segments according to the kinds of land- forms along them. The southern segment extends from Tillamook Bay to Neahkahnie Mountain (map 1), the middle from Neahkahnie Mountain to Tillamook Head inclu- sive (map 2), and the northern from Tillamook Head to the Columbia River (map 3).