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Bojanic Obad Scitaroci.Indd PROSTOR 25 [2017] 2 [54] ZNANSTVENI ÈASOPIS ZA ARHITEKTURU I URBANIZAM A SCHOLARLY JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING SVEUÈILIŠTE POSEBNI OTISAK / SEPARAT OFFPRINT U ZAGREBU, ARHITEKTONSKI FAKULTET Znanstveni prilozi Scientific Papers UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB, FACULTY OF 306-315 Bojana Bojaniæ Design of Memorials Stvaranje memorijala ARCHITECTURE Obad Šæitaroci - The Art of Remembering - umijeæe sjeæanja Tamara Zaninoviæ ISSN 1330-0652 Method of Place Regeneration Metoda obnove mjesta Massimo Sargolini CODEN PORREV Preliminary Communication Prethodno priopæenje UDK | UDC 71/72 UDC 725.945.1(497.5)”19/20” UDK 725.945.1(497.5)”19/20” 25 [2017] 2 [54] 171-440 7-12 [2017] 306 Fig. 1 Contemporary Memorials in Croatia: Memorial Bridge in Rijeka, Water Tower Memorial in Vukovar and Gordan Lederer Memorial in Hrvatska Kostajnica Sl. 1. Suvremeni memorijali u Hrvatskoj: Most hrvatskih branitelja u Rijeci, Memorijal Vodotoranj u Vukovaru i Memorijal Gordana Lederera u Hrvatskoj Kostajnici PROSTOR Scientific Papers | Znanstveni prilozi 25[2017] 2[54] 307 Bojana Bojaniæ Obad Šæitaroci1, Tamara Zaninoviæ1, Massimo Sargolini2 1 University of Zagreb 1 Sveuèilište u Zagrebu Faculty of Architecture Arhitektonski fakultet Croatia - 10000 Zagreb, Kaèiæeva 26 HR - 10000 Zagreb, Kaèiæeva 26 2 University of Camerino 2 Sveuèilište u Camerinu School of Architecture Škola arhitekture Italy - 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Viale della Rimembranza Italija - 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Viale della Rimembranza [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Preliminary Communication Prethodno priopæenje UDC 725.945.1(497.5)”19/20” UDK 725.945.1(497.5)”19/20” Technical Sciences / Architecture and Ur ban Planning Tehnièke znanosti / Arhitektura i urbanizam 2.01.02. - Urban and Physical Planning 2.01.02. - Urbanizam i prostorno planiranje Article Received / Accepted: 12. 11. 2017. / 13. 12. 2017. Èlanak primljen / prihvaæen: 12. 11. 2017. / 13. 12. 2017. Design of Memorials - The Art of Remembering Method of Place Regeneration Stvaranje memorijala - umijeæe sjeæanja Metoda obnove mjesta collective memory kolektivno prisjeæanje memorials memorijali post-war poslijeratni public space javni prostor The paper continues on-going research of memorials by putting typological Èlanak nastavlja istraživanje memorijala, prema postavljenoj tipološkoj iden- identification from previous studies into the context of post-disaster and post- tifikaciji iz ranijih istraživanja, u kontekstu problematike obnove razorenog war place regeneration. The aim is to explore the ‘concept of manipulation’ on mjesta. Cilj je istražiti na primjerima ‘koncept manipulacije’ putem koreogra- case studies through choreography of motion as a design tool for memorials. fije kretanja što postaje naèin stvaranja memorijala. PROSTOR 308 2[54] 25[2017] 306-315 B. BOJANIÆ OBAD ŠÆITAROCI, T. ZANINOVIÆ, M. SARGOLINI Design of Memorials… Scientific Papers | Znanstveni prilozi INTRODUCTION public space as a method of collective and individual healing. UVOD Regeneration is explored through two no- tions: the notion of recovery, as bringing back lost and invisible, and the notion of re- habilitation as brining into better condition existing character or mark. ”Events are bigger than people think.” This research is a part of Heritage Urbanism 4 François Guizot1 research project and builds upon the frame- work of memorials as cultural landscapes.5 Heritage urbanism method was used for fur- ther analysis of memorials in which identity factors (regeneration intention, setting type and identification concept) were used to define the models of healing interventions and the criteria for evaluating their design. Results show the significance of location in cases of post-war memorials - regardless if they are situated in landscape or in urban areas. Therefore, case studies were evaluat- ed through the criteria of accessibility, scale and motion manipulation. This paper is also part of wider topic called Urbanscape Emanation formed at the Faculty of Architecture, the University of Zagreb. Ur- banscape Emanation examines the addition of time and structure to space and the transi- tion from static to dynamic models achieved 6 D isaster risk reduction [DRR] is a system- by creating awareness about place. One of atic approach and disaster management par- the dynamic characteristic of urbanscape is adigm. UN agencies define it as: ”The con- movement experience therefore this research correlates the notion of memorials and walk- ceptual framework of elements considered 7 with the possibilities to minimize vulnerabili- space . Memorials are dynamic models of ties and disaster risks throughout a society, public spaces and through moving in them to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation we achieve awareness of past and a glimpse and preparedness) the adverse impacts of of future. Main design tools are: 1. elements hazards, within the broad context of sustain- of focus, 2. vista and 3. walking choreogra- able development.”2 Under that approach in phy. Relation and organization of these three March 2015 UN adopted the Sendai Frame- combined elements explain ”the concept of work for disaster risk reduction 2015-2030 manipulation” through motion in the contem- with seven global targets and four priorities porary memorial design. for action. One of the concepts is a priority to ”Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilita- 1 Virilio, 2000: iv tion and reconstruction.3 Research subject - 2 *** 2004: 17 the notion of memorials in public space de- 3 http://www.unisdr.org/we/coordinate/sendai-frame- sign - supports these aims and priority to work build back better through creation of public 4 Heritage Urbanism - Urban and Spatial Models for Revival and Enhancement of Cultural Heritage is the proj- places with associative and healing charac- ect financed by the Croatian Science Foundation [HERU teristics for citizens and society. HRZZ-2032] and is been carrying out at the Faculty of Ar- chitecture, University of Zagreb, principal investigator Frameworks for disaster neglect the effects prof. Mladen Obad Šæitaroci, Ph.D. that war brings to urban environments which 5 Bojaniæ Obad Šæitaroci, Mariæ, 2015 have the same consequences as natural haz- 6 Concept of Urbanscape Emanation is a series of the ards. In the post-war context, reducing post- research carried out at the Department of Urban Planning, disaster impact refers to issues of emigra- Spatial Planning and Landscape Architecture at the Facul- tion, poverty and psychological impressions ty of Architecture, University of Zagreb since 2010 through the Landscape Architecture Workshops, Diploma Thesis connected to lost persons and places. This (on master and doctoral programs) under the mentorship work analyses the post-1990s-war memorials of prof. Bojana Bojaniæ Obad Šæitaroci, Ph.D. in Croatian context as a method of dealing 7 Mariæ, Bojaniæ, 2012 with the past and at the same time preparing 8 Sekuliæ, 2013 public places for the future. It points out the 9 http://www.staff.amu.edu.pl/~ewa/Memorials_in_ importance of urban regeneration through the_Age_of_the_Anthropocene_abstracts.html PROSTOR Scientific Papers | Znanstveni prilozi Design of Memorials… B. BOJANIÆ OBAD ŠÆITAROCI, T. ZANINOVIÆ, M. SARGOLINI 306-315 25[2017] 2[54] 309 ACKGROUND B Table I Deconstructed notion of memorials POLAZIŠTA Tabl. I. Dekonstrukcija pojma memorijala Term Dictionary definition Synonyms Antonyms Impact factors causing the need for disaster rehabilitation and recovery in societies and REGENERATION To effect a complete moral reform in. To re-create, reconstitute, Reconstruction Decline cities can be distinguished in two categories: or make over, especially in a better form or condition. Transformation Stagnation natural (earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, hur- REHABILITATION To restore one’s reputation or character in the eyes of others. Reestablishment Damage Healing ricanes, landslides, avalanches, wildfires) RECOVERY The regaining of or possibility of regaining something lost Return Departure and man-made (wars, terrorist attacks, acci- or taken away. Conciliation dents). Memorials as a type of monuments REMEMBRANCE A retained mental impression. The length of time over which Reminiscence Ignorance serve the purpose of not only remembrance, recollection or memory extends Flashback but also present a way to deal with the past IDENTITY The fact of being whom or what a person or thing is. Identification Opposition events that provoke negative emotions and Integrity enable a glimpse into positive future. In post- MEMORIAL A statue or structure established to remind people Remembering Forgetting disaster context memorials give to cities new of a person or event. They are anthropogenic places designed Mediation Oblivion public places with added urban and social in landscapes or urban contexts, always with the associative values. This means that memorials, as an- character. thropogenic places designed in landscapes or urban contexts always with the associative ation, these monuments have common char- character, serve for remembering and media- acteristics formed by time and context when tion and at the same time for forgetting and they were erected. That makes them specific oblivion of negative emotions. They bring a research topic connected more to history new identity and new integrity to places and than future. Therefore, the case studies for enable conciliation and healing of people and this paper are contemporary post-war
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