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Chemisches Zentralblatt 2221 Chemisches Zentralblatt. 1930 Band II. Nr. 15. 8. Oktober. A. Allgemeine nnd physikalische Chemie. H. Lee Ward, Bas Lehren der Pliasenregel in Kursen fu r elementare physikalische Chemie. (Journ. chem. Education 7. 2100—14. Sept. 1930. St. Louis, Missouri, Washington Univ.) WRESCHNER. F. S. Mórtimer, Das Prinzip des Ldslichkeitsprodulctes im Unterricht. Darst. elementarer Anschauungsmethoden. (Journ. chem. Education 7. 2119—23. Sept. 1930. Bloomington, Illinois, Wesleyan Univ.) WRESCHNER. Willis A. Boughton, Ein Vorlesungsversuch uber Oberflachenspannung. Im Gegen- satz zu Hg benetzen komplexe fl. Amalgame reine Glasoberflachen u. bilden daran haftende Filme, die sofort zerstórt werden, wenn sie mit Saurelsgg. oder Sauredampfen in Beriihrung kommen. Zur Demonstration dieser Erscheinung wird ein Amalgam aus 10 g Lotmetall, 10 g W oO D schem Metali, 5 g Zn u. 180—250 g Hg empfohlen. (Journ. chem. Education 7. 2099. Sept. 1930. Cambridge, Massachusetts, H a r v a r d College.) WRESCHNER. C. C. Kiplinger, Ein improvisiertes Polarimeter. Anleitung zum Aufbau eine3 billigen Polarisationsapp. zu Demonstrationszwecken. Ais Polarisator dienen Glas- plattensatze, ais Analysator wird ein kleiner scliwarzer Spiegel verwendet. (Journ. chem. Education 7. 2174—76. Sept. 1930. West Liberty, West Virginia, Staatl. Lehrer College.) WRESCHNER. M. Marcus Kiley, Eine kurze und wirkungsvolle Demonstration der Stickstoff- bindung. Mit Hilfe eines Induktionsapp. wird ein elektr. Funken in einer dreihalsigen Glasflasche erzeugt. Die elektr. Leitungen werden durch zwei Halse der Flasche ge- fiihrt, der mittlere Flaschenhals dient zum Absaugen der Luft in ein mit W . gefiilltes Reagensglas. Die Bldg. von HN03 kann im W . schon nach wenigen Minuten nach- gewiesen werden. (Journ. chem. Education 7. 2167—68. Sept. 1930. Springfield, Massachusetts, Techn. High School.) W r e s c h n e r . Dorr M. Simer und Mary G. Brock, Eine Demonstration elektrischer Stickstoff- bindung fur die Hochschul-Chemie. Ein kleines Induktorium wird mit einer 6 Volt- Batterie u. einem Automobilziinder verbunden, der durch einen Gummistopfen im Halse einer grofien Glasflasche befestigt ist. Durch die iiberspringenden Funken bildet sich braunes NOa zuerst in der Nahe des Ziinders u. erfiillt dann die ganze Flasche. Beim Schiitteln mit W. verschwindet die braune Farbę u. HN03 kann nachgewiesen werden. (Journ. chem. Education 7. 2169. Sept. 1930. Decatur, Illinois, Senior High School.) WRESCHNER. L. F. Audrieth, Eine Einteilung der Yerhindungen von Wasserstoff und Stickstoff. Es werden homologe Reihen der N-H-Verbb. aufgestellt: N nHn u. N nIIn_„. N be- sitzt merkliche Selbstbindungsfahigkeit, aber nicht in dem Ma Be wie C. Im Gegensatz zu den KW-stoffen sind die N-H-Verbb. unstabil, auch ihre organ. Substitutionsprodd. zersetzen sich schnell. Nach den bisherigen Vers.-Ergebnissen scheinen Ketten mit mehr ais 8 N nicht Torzukommen. Die einzelnen Glieder der homologen N-H-Reihen sind untereinander sehr verschieden u. viel starker reaktionsfahig ais die KW-stoffe. (.Journ. ćhem. Education 7. 2055—62. Sept. 1930. Urbana, Illinois, Uniy.) W RESCn. C- Pauline Burt, Die Bezeichnung von Valenz und Ionen durch Ehktronenzeichen. An Stelle der + u. —, die die Ladung eines Ions bezeichnen, soli nach Vorschlag des \ f. die Zahl der Elektronen angegeben werden, die das betreffende Atom yerloren oder aufgenommen hat; also z. B. HC1 — >■ H + Cl. (Journ. chem. Education 7. 2124 26. fżept. 1930. Ńorthampton, Massachusetts, Smith College.) W r e s c h n e r . W. Herz, Li, : - r-hung und Molekelraum bei krystalłisierten Salzen. (Vgl. C. 1930. II- 1991.) Bei einer At ..u! binilrer, regular krystallisierender Salze (Haloide) wurden die durch Summation der Ionenvoll. erhaltenen Voll. Vi mit den aus den Brechungs- X II. 2. 142 2222 A . A l l g e m e in e d n d peysikalische C h e m ie . 1930. II. ąuotientcn berechneten Mol.-Raumen Fn verglichcn. Die F„-Werte sind stets kleiner ais die F,-,’was mit don friiheren Erfahrungen iiber Raumerfullungszahlen ubereinstimmt. Bei den iihnlichen Salzen, die hier behandelfc wurden, sind die Quotienten V J Vn nicht sehr yoneinander yerschieden. (Ztschr. anorgan. allg. Chemie 191. 320—21. 19/8. 1930. Breslau, Univ.) " WRESCHNER. Gerhart Jander und August Winkel. Untersuchungen iiber die Verwendbarkeit des Diffusionskoeffizienten zur Bestimmung des Molekulargewichts von lonen mit be- soiul er er Ber ii cksi chligung der Verhćillnisse iii den wiisserigen Losungen amphoterer Oxyd- hydrale. In Fortfiihrung friiherer Unterss. (C. 1930. II. 1354) diskutieren Vff. die Ver- wendbarkeit des Diffusionskoeffizienten D zur Best. des Mol.-Gewichtes von lonen. Zunaehst wird der EinfluB von Verdiinnung, Temp. u. Zahigkeit des Losungsm. unter- sucht. Das Diffusionsyermogen der einwertigen Kationen K u . Tl u. des zweiwertigen Ba-Ions ist von verd. Lsgg. bis zu 0,1-n. Lsg. prakt. konstant; bei LiCl ist die Diffusion infolge Komplexbldg. u. Dissoziation stark von der Verdunnung abhangig. Der Temp.- Koeffizient betragt bei den starken Elektrolyten + 2,6% pro Grad Temp.-Erhókung. Weiter wird der EinfluB der Ladung auf D eines Ions untersucht; es zeigt sieh, daB der EinfluB der Ladung sehr groB ist, u. daB die Begel von H e v e s y (Physikal. Ztschr. 14 [1902]. 49) nur in besonderen Fallen die Verhaltnisse richtig wiedergibt. — Zur Berechnung der Mol.-Gew. ahnlieher Stoffe yerwenden Vff. in Anlehnung an R i e c k e (Ztschr. physikal.Chem. 6 [1890]. 564) die Beziehung, D1 1/M x = D* Y (31 = Mol.- Gew.) in der Annahme, daB die mittlere freie Weglange bei ahtilichen Stoffen gleich ist. D y M ist fur ahnliche Stoffe tatsachlich befriedigend gleich groB, wie fiir einige Alkohole, Elektrolyte u. organ. Sauren nachgewiesen wird. Eingehender werden die Verhaltnisse bei einigen sehwachen anorgan. Elektrolyten, die zur Aggregation neigen, erórtert. Bei den Alkalimolybdaten ergibt sieh in Obereinstimmung mit den Ergebnissen anderer Methoden (C. 1930. I. 2377) aus der Best. des Diffusionskoeffizienten, daB bei allmahlicher Ansauerung der wss. Lsg. im Gebiet von pn = 14 bis 6,2 die einfaeli molekularen Anionen der n. Molybdate (M2Mo04,aq.) bestandig sind, zwisehen 6,2 u. 4,6 bestehen dann Anionen einer Trimolybdiinsaure, zwisehen 4,5 u. 1,6 solche einer Hexamolybdansaure u. schlieBlich zwisehen 1,6 u. 0,9 die einer Dodekamolybdan- saure. Vor dem isoelektr. Punkt kommen noch Anionen einer 24-fach aggregierten Molybdiinsaure vor. Bei Molybdansaure (u. aueh bei Wolframsaure) ist bei einem bestimmten pn immer nur eine Anionenart existenzfahig; bei Anderung des pn iiber einen bestimmten Betrag wandelt sieh die jeweils yorliegende Anionenart prakt. quanti- tatiy in die niichst hoher oder niedriger molekulare Anionenart um. Anders liegen die Verhaltnisse bei Fe(C10,1)3 in wss. Lsg. Hier sind keine deutlich abgegrenzten Gebiete des pn zu erkennen, in denen nur eine ganz bestimmte Art von Polybasen existenz- fahig ist. Im sauren Gebiet liegt einfach molekular verteiltes Fe(C104)3 vor, mit gróBerem Ph setzt sofort Aggregation der durch die Hydrolyse gebildeten bas. ]?rodd. ein; je groBer der pn wird, um so bas. werden die Hydrolysenprodd., um so hoher auch die Aggregation. Bei ph etwa = 4 fallt schlieBlich Goethit FeO(OH) aus; die letzte inder Lsg. bcstiindige isopolybas. Fe-Verb. hat ein mittleres Mol.-Gew. yon 5000—6000. Es esistiert eine kontinuierliclie Reihe immer hoher molekularer Verbb. von dem ein­ fach molekularen Fe(C104)3 zu der letzten sehr hocli molekularen Polybase des Fe:i+. Wahrscheinlich erfolgt der Aggregationsmechanismus bei den niedrigmolekularen Verbb. in anderer Weise wie bei den hochmolekularen. (Ztschr. physikal. Chem. Abt. A. 149. 97—122. Jirni 1930. Gottingen, Allgem. Chem. Univ.-Labor., Anorgan. Abt.) L o r . J. Tirmnermans, Die Erstarrung von Losungen ais UntersuchungsmeOtode der reinen Chemie. III. Die Erstarrungsk-urre von Mischungen optisch aktiver Subsianzen der Camphergruppe. (VgL. C. 1927. II. 1427.) Vf. untersuchte den Verlauf der Er- storrungskurven von Gemischen opt.-akt. Substanzen der Terpen- u. Camphergruppe. Bei der Mischung zweier opt. Antipoden derselben Substanz entstelit eine racem. oder pseudoracem. Kombination, die durch einen ausgezeichneten Punkt der Erstarrungs- kurye angezeigt wird. Bei der Mischung zweier yerschiedener opt.-akt. Substanzen entsteht im allgemeinen eine Reihe von Mischkrystallen oder ein Eutektieum; der Verlauf der Erstarrungskurve eines solehen Gemisches zweier Stoffe A u. B ist un- abhangig davon, ob B in der d-, l- oder r-Form zugesetzt wird. (Buli. Soc. chim. Belg. 39. 239—51. Juni 1930. Briissel, Univ.) W r e s c h n e r . Rowland Marcus Woodman, Eine einfache H-ypothe.se iiber dem, Verteilungsgrad in temdren fliissigen Systemen. (Vgl. C. 1930. II. 1817.) Der Yerteilungsgrad der 1930. II. A. Allgemeine und physikalische Chemik. 2223 Systeme: W.-Essigsaure-Benzin, W.-Essigsaure-Tohtol, W.-A.-A., W.-Essigsaure-Chlf., W.-Pyridin-Benzin bei 18 bzw. 25° wird bestimmt u. in Parallele gesetzt zu der Ver- teilung eines festen Stoffes zwischen zwei nicht miteinander mischbaren Fil. Emo mathemat. Korrektion fur dic vergroBerte Mischbarkeit der anfangs nicht miteinander mischbaren Fil. bei Zusatz von in beiden 1. Fil. sind angegeben. (Chera. News 140. 17—22. 10/1.1930.) A s c h e r m a n n . A. Pinkus, Die chemische Aktivitat der Substanzen in sialu nascendi. Zusammen- fassende histor. Darst. der experimentellen Erfahrungen u. Theorien iiber die be- sondere Aktivitat frisch gebildeter Substanzen. Nach der vom Vf. vertretenen Theorie bilden sich im Laufe der chem. Umwandlung zuerst Mol.- oder Atomionen, die durch Elektronenaustausch der reagierenden Moll. entstehen. (Buli. Soe. ehim. Belg. 39. 271—86. Juni 1930. Briissel, Univ.) W r e s c Hn e r . J. Booy, tlber explosive Oasreaktionen. I. Theoret. Unterss. im AnschluB an die Arbeiten von J o r is s e n (vgl. C. 1922. I. 1063) iiber den Grenzdruck bei der Aut- oxydation von P. (Ree. Trav. chim. Pays-Bas 49. 866—75. 15/7. 1930. Leiden, Univ.) W r e s c h n e r . W. Jost, Uber den Platzicechselmechanismus in festen Kórpern. Die Diffusion von Go Id in Silber. Zur Entscheidung der Frage, ob der Platzwechsel in festen Kórpern ein Gittereffekt ist oder ob er von Grenzflachen bzw.
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