; !' —————————

THE LAND WE LOA^E.

No. VI. OCTOBER, 1866. Vol. I.

Created by a uation's glee. With jest and song and revehy, We sang it in our early pride. Throughout our Southern borders wide, While from ten thousand throats rang out A promise in one glorious shout ' ' ! ' To live or die for Dixie

Plow well that promise was redeemed, Is Avitnessed by each field where gleamed Victorious —like the crest of Mars

The banner of the Stars and Bars ! The cannons lay our warriors low We fill the ranks and onward go •'To live or die for Dixie I''

To die for Dixie ! —Oh, how blest Are those who early Avent to rest, IsTor knew the future's awful store, But deemed the cause they fought for sure As heaven itself, and so laid down The cross of earth for glory's crown. And nobly died for Dixie.

To live fpv Dixie—harder part To stay' the hand—to still the heart

To seal the lips, enshroud the past , To have no future— all o'ercast To knit life's broken threads again, And keej) her mem'ry pure from stain This is to live for Dixie.

^ Beloved Land ! beloved Song, . Your thrilling power shall last as long Enshrin'd within each Southern soul As Time's eternal ages roll Made holier by the test of yeai's Baptized with our country's tears Grod and the right" for Dixie ! June 13, 1866. fanny downing, VOL. I.—NO. ri. 27 — —

882 Low Country of South Carolina. [Oct.

THE LOWER COUNTRY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.

WHAT IT HAS BE^;^•.

Although iill were the direct and of social organization, suc- oftspring of one mother, each of cessfully resisted this tendency. the English colonies in North Of these causes of difference, the America was distinguished by chief was the great geographic some predominant trait in the or climatic fact, that the negroes, character of the emigrants, and so largely imported into the coun- in the occasions and motives that try, proved in the North valueless drove them from the old world to in bondage, and afterwards rapid- the new. Thus New England was ly died out in freedom— while in colonized by fanatic puritans es- the South they proved prolitable caping from the bigoted rule of and prolific in bondage, yet shew- the Stuarts; Avhile Virginia was ed a similar, though not so rapid settled by English subjects of a a tendency to die out when set (llfterent tcmjier, who clung to the free. royal cause after it was lost in the Although the presence of a large old country, until they too were negro population in servitude was crushed by the arms of Cromwell. a characteristic feature, common Pennsylvania was settled by Peun to all the Southern States— yet as and his persecuted Quakers; Mary- in nature no tree has two leaves land by Lord lialtimore and his exactly alike, neith; r did a social o])pressed Roman Catholics; New uniformity pervade the South. In York, originally planted by Hol- the c amtrics of the old ^world, it land, became by conquest, English is difficult to make a day's journey in character and name; and the in any direction, without remark- English colony of South Carolina, ing a diti'erent sliade of character thedomain of certain courtiers of in the country and the people; and Charles II, was early leavened even in thisntw cf)untry, althouoh by the influx of French Protest- its people are assinii'att d by thrir ants fleeing from the intolerance origin from a comuion source, and of Louis XIV, and of Rome. by the intermixture of the popula- These are but instances, not an tion by migration; yet many re- enumeration, of the differences gions and even neighborhoods, es- characterizing the English set- pecially in the South, acquired tlements on the American coast. and retained a unique stamp, As the chief connnunications which resisti.d the \vear and abra- and commercial dealings of the sion of intercourse witii the rest colonies were with the Mother of the world —but which has now country, there was no great inter- been crushed out by war, devas- course between the colonies them- tation, conqu st, and the upturning selves tending strongly to assimi- of society to its roots. late them to each other. Since Now that they have perished, then, the political union and con- Ave would preserve a trace of the sequent commercial and social in- featun-s of some of th( se provin- tercourse between the people of cial communities, while they arc the different States, for more than yet fresh in the mind's eye and eighty years, tended to stamp up- stamped on the h'.arts of some of on them an enforced similarity. this generation. The childr- n of Yet natural causes; differences of those who have fallen in defence climate, of geographical features, of their pleasant homes, now deso- —

1866.] Low Country of South (JafoUndi 383 late, and of those who have been the early history of South Caro- driven forth from their ruins to lina. John Locke, who lived seek new and remote Iiabitations-, much with Shaftsbury, as his phy- may at some future day dwell sician and secretary, drew up a with interest on the portrait, how- constitution for the colony, which ever rudely drawn, and l^e glad of seems never to have been fully the light shed on the traditions of acted upon-. their race. Such a picture may The Lords Proprietors sent out also aid him, who feels no personal their first expedition in 1670, and interest in these regions, in form- love of adventure, discontent with ing his estimate of the extent of their condition at home, and hopes the ruin that has fallen upon the of better fortune in a new country, country. of which they knew nothing and The tide water portion of Vir- imagined every thing that could ginia, the lower country of South be desired, furnished colonists in Carolina, and the parishes of Loui- abundance. The first settlement siana, settled by the French, are was begun on the waters of Port distinguished at once by their Koyal. But the open and inde- local peculiarities, and by the ut- fensible character of this port, and ter and probably permanent ruin its vicinity to the military posts in which has fallen upon them. The Florida held by the Spaniards, communities that nourished there who claimed the whole country, may seem yet to retain vitality, and looked upon the English as but truly belong to the past. Hop- intruders, led in one year to the ing that more skilful hands may transfer of the colony to the west give us representations of what bank of the Ashley river. But these portions of Virginia and the point between the mouths of Louislaaa have been —we Avill en- Ashley and Cooper rivers was deavour to draw a picture of the finally selected as the site of the lower country of South Carolina. tov^rn. The source of social peculiarities As usual in such cases the re- there must be traced from the sults of the enterprise long disap- early history of the colony. pointed the hopes of both the Eight courtiers of rank and in- Lords Projirietors and the colo- fluence obtained from Charles nists. The country was low, flat, II, a grant of all the territory in intersected by many rivei's and North America lying between lati- swamps, and covered with a dense tude 31 and 36. This charter con- forest; the climate moist, the heat veyed not merely title to the land, of the sun tropical, and the air but all the powers of government malarious. The clearing and saving the King's supremacy. draining of land required immense Among these Lords Proprietors labor before it could be brought into were three men whose names are cultivation—the ordinary grain still justly conspicuous. Edward crops of Europe did not thrive in Hyde, Earl of Clarendon—famous this region—and the European la- as a statesman, and more famous borer soon lost his health if not as an historian. George, Duke of his life from the effects of the cli- Albermarle, the General Monk so mate. It was long before enough prominent in the restoration of grain was grown to feed the colo- the Stuarts—and Antony Ash- nists. The trade with the Indians ley Cooper, Earl of Shaftsbury, a in skins and furs, and the naval man of vast abilities, which he stores obtained from the pine used most unscrupulously in a forests long furnished the chief long and versatile political course. exports. Through his influence, a yet great- The colony had to be sustained er name became connected with by frequent detachments of emi- —

384 Low Coimtvy of S(Aith (Mrolinri. [Oct.

grants from England. Among tion to the Huguenots or reformed these Avere man}- indented sser- religionists in France—the drag- vants—needy men at a loss for the onnade, by Avhich Louis XIV, means of living at home—who had sought to drive this portion of his been induced by want to sell their subjects back into the bosom of services for a period in payment the Romish Church, drove a mul- of the expense of bringing them to titude of the boldest and most n new countr}'. Many of them conscientious of them out of the were mere boj'S, not a few of whom countrv. Many of them sought had been kidnapped, and were sold a refuge in Protestant England by the masters of vessels to the and her colonies. JMany families colonists for a term of years. Of came to South Carolina about this improvident class, exposed to 1685. They Avere a valuable re-ln- hard labour in a treacherous cli- forcement to the Infant colony mate, Avith masters interested only struggling Avith internal difficul- iu their immediate toil, and not in ties, and surrounded by enemies. their permanent wellfare, it is Most of the Huguenots belonged probable that few survived their to the educated classes, for it Avas term of service. among such chiefly that the re- More than an hundred and six- formed religion in France, never ty years had elapsed since the popular Avith the masses, had been Spaniards first brought African propogated. They belonged too •slaves to St. Domingo. The want to the warrior class, for during a of laborers adapted to the climate large part of the liith and 17th was urgent in South Carolina; and centuries, although but a tithe of with the permission and encour- the nation, they had striven not agement of the English govern- luisuccessfully on bloody fields and ment, negroes vrere soon imported In stubborn selgesi to maintain in considerable and increasing their religious liberties. Though numbers. Rapid progress now many of them came as ruined ex- began to be made in clearing and iles, others brought Avith tliem no vmltivating the best lands, and in little Avealth. Their constitutional a few years the colony became a temperance as Frenchmen gave large exporter of agricultural pro- them too In this hot climate no duce and of the products of the small ad\-antage over the English forest. Many Indians too—priso- aromid them, Avho generally ad- *ners taken in war, most frequent- hered to a diet and other habits ly children whose fathers had of life better suited to their native fallen in liattle—had been reduced than adopted country. Almost all to bondage. Like the negroes the French names dlstrllnited they were employed^ in the labors through South Carolina can be of tlie Held; but the red race prov- traced to this source. Having ed less docile and available than turned their backs u])on their own the black—they were found more country for conscience sake, most tit for herdsmen and hunters than of them seem to have hastened to

lield laborers, and died out in a, Anglicize themselves. They made few generations. Many families little or no ettbrt to keep up in of negr(jes \vere partially dcsccnd- their families their mother tongue. I'.d from them. We knoAV of one instanc-e In which The migration from England the emigrant rigidly prohll)lte(l continued; and within lifteen years his children uttering a wcn'd of after the first planting of the colo- French. Many became at once ny, it received a valual)le acces- members of the church of Eng- •siou from a new soiu'ce. On the land—a FrencJi version of the revocation of the edict of Nantes English liturgy facllltatlug the which liad iriveu u limited tolera- adopting of its i-ites: and fai- the 1866. L()io Cijuntrij of Soiiili Carolina. 385

greater part of their descendants The ra)ik and wealth of the will now be found within the pale Lords Proprietors, the aristocrat- of that church. By change of ic features of the government, and language and religious rites, and the growing agricultural wealth hy intermarriage v/ith English of tiie country, induced many families, they rapidly ceased to be Englishmen of birth and educa- a distinct people. Among many tion, some of whom were akin to of their descendants there is little the Proprietors, to settle in the of the Freuchman left but the colony, still however looking back name. But in some rural neigh- to England as their home. Many Iwurhoods, where several Hugue- of these obtained grants of large not families settled, and have re- tracts of land, not a few being- mained in the same vicinity, indi- baronies of 12,000 acres. The im- viduals are still found of unmixed portation of negroes enabled them French descent, and their physi- to bring large plantations into ognomy and other characteristics profitable cultivation. Thus ori- indicate their origin. Taking in- ginated a class of large proprie- to consideration the smallness of tors, men of education, of well their number, not exceeding three known families, often holding high hundred, the Huguenots who came office under the government, and to South Carolina jjerhaps suc- occupying the highest social posi- ceeded better a n d contribvited tion in the colony. Some few of more to the prosperity and popu- the least fertile and valuable c>4' lation of the country than any those baronies yet remain undi- other class of colonists. vided, having been in the liands, of the same family for n\OJ:e than T h e Proprietary government 150 years. lasted 49 years; a troubled period, The colony had to s^tr-uggle.' yet during which the foundations against many evils—Indian wars, were laid of manj^ of those pecu- the hostility of the Spaniards at liarities which until lately contin- St. Augustine, much civil and re- ued to characterize the lower ligious dissension among them- country. selves, and much dissatisfaetiott Although the Proprietary gov- with the Proprietary government: ernment studiously provided for —until 1719, when, partlj^ through universal toleration in religious a popular revolution, the colony belief, yet care was taken to plant reverted to the crown. South the national church in the colony. Carolina became aiid long contin- The territory was divided into ued to be a favourite with the parishes, vastly larger indeed than Mother country. Under the mis- the small parishes of populous taken notions of political economy, England, and these continued to prevailing in those days in Eng- be the civil divisions in the lower land, and still clung to elsewhere, country until the State govern- bounties were paid on many arti- ment was overthrown in 1865. A cles which she exported largely, church was built in each, and in especially the products of the for- many cases glebe land appropria- est. The cultivation of indigO' ted for its support. The Society soon became a source of great in England for the propagation of profit, and rice became a yet more the Gospel contributed largely to important crop. Stimulated by the planting of the English Church, the policy of the government and and the Bishop of London seems the liberal credit given by English to have embraced the colony with- merchants, negroes were purchas- in his diocese, and sent out the ed in large numbers. Many of clergymen who served the parish the largest landholders were Eng- churches. lishmen of good families in Eng- — —

386 Loio Country of South Carolina. [Oct. land, for many such under the pat- English or Scotch. English ar- ronage of the Lords Proprietors chitects planned and English me- had sought their fortunes in the chanics built the old and solemn colonies. There soon came to be parish churches, and the solid a class of landed gentry whose in- and stately mansions of great pro- comes were derived—not as in older prietors, some of which still or countries from rents —but directlj^ lately adorned the country around from the agricultural produce of Charleston. Of some of the most the best portions of a virgin soil. striking of these latter, the torch Some few of the largest proprie- of war has lately left only the tors lived chieily in England, but blackened walls. far the greater number resided The colony was almost exclu- permanently in the colony. But sively agricultural, few of the na- they were hardly less Englishmen tives engaging in any other pur- on that account. One of the lirst suits. Of the number of young uses the thriving colonist, of men educated in England few em- French as well as English origin, braced any professional pursuit, made of his prosperity, was to with the exception of that of the send his son and not unfrequently law. Many of the youths sent out his daughter to England for edu- to England, some of them the cation, and no expense was spar- heirs of large fortune, appear ta ed to procure them the best in- have completed their education l^y struction. We know of instances keeping their terms at the Temple. in which the boy was sent away There Avere instances of this for at seven years old, and came back some years after the close of the the graduate of a university, and revolutionary war. a professional man. This contin- All the conveniences of life, all ued from the first prosperity of the the productions of art, machinery, colony down to the revolution. tools, arms, clothing, furniture, Partially interrupted by the carriages, all foreign articles of troubles of that period, it was consumption—except the products continued in some measure for of the British West Indies, came many years after the end of the direct from England, even th3 war. Plaving been educated in wines of France and Spain and England was the standard of so- Portugal. The production of cial position. In colonial times crops and the jireparation of them making a voyage to England was for exportation engrossed almost called going home, and this by all the labor of the colon}'. persons born in Carolina. There was however one of the con- Down to the day of the revolu- structive arts that flourished tion the influx of settlers from there. The abundance, cheap- Great Britain continued, and a ness, and excellence of the chief large proportion of them were edu- iiiaterials used in ship building- cated men. If a boy was sent to led to the establishment of several school in the colony it was proba- ship yards; the trade with Eng- bly to an English school-master. land and the English West Indies If a physician was called in, he was gave them employment; and there probably a Scotchman, and grad- were more ships owned in Charles- uate of Edinborough. The Bishop ton before the revolution than of London, and the Society for the at any time since. The inter- advancement of Christianity, sent course between the Mother coun- out English parsons for tlie parish try and the colony was not only churches; and the dissenting con- great but constant. Everything gregations imported English or that came from England Avas con- Scotch ministers for their pulpits. sidered the best of its kind, and Most of the men of business were preferred acoovdingly. The colo- — —

1866. Loxo Country of South Carolina. 887 nist was clad from English looms, not suddenly cut short by it, he shod with English leather, rode grew prematurely aged—and was on an English saddle, on a horse an old man among his neighbors with an English pedigree, or drove before he reached fifty. A search a vehicle built in England. His among the tombstones of the last table was, as far as loracticable, century, in the country church laden Avith English delicacies. yards, shows that fcAv reached that English furniture ministered to age. But Avith his poor neighbor, his convenience while he lived, who earned a scanty living by the and an English tombstone (they labor of his own hands, it fared are still numerous in old church far Avorse. Badly sheltered by an yards) was laid over his remains humble roof, meanly clad, poorly when he died. The very loaf on fed, and exposed to every evil in- his table was made from English fluence of the climate, the scorch- grown wheat, and the local phra- ing sun, and the chilling deAvs seology still bears a trace of this. Avhen exhausted Ijy daily toil, he Within a year or two, v/e have sooner sunk under the poison. heard negroes on the plantations Labor became impossible; Avhole ask for English flour. families died out; and others of Tlie colony grew rapidly in pros- stronger constitutions Avho liA-ed perity and importance. The com- on, had to seek other means ol mand of labor increased by the living, than labor in the field. importation of negroes and their As the country became more natural and rapid increase ; now cleared, and a larger portion of and fertile lands were daily the richer lands Avere brought un- brought into cultivation ; the pro- der cultivation, the climate be- prietors Avere advancing in num- came m ore unhealthy. After bers, wealth and education, and some time, it was observed that, many of those features of society the planter, Avho had naturally began to appear, Avhich are devel- established his homestead in the oped by wealth, education and in- vicinity of the ricJiest soils, suflfer- fluence continued in the same fami- ed more severely in health, than ly for several generations. But his neighbor, Avho being engaged the mass of the people, especially in the preparation of tar, i3itch in the country, Avere not in the and turpentine and lumber for same thriving condition. The the market, found his home on climate told severely on the poorer the dry and barren pine ridges, and laboring classes. The para- Avhich intersect the country on dise of vegetation, a rich soil, in a the coast. hot climate, Avith a moist atmos- Hence grew the custom, that phere, is the grave of human life Avhile the planter chose the most at least to Northern races. Even fertile soils for his fields, he se- the planter in good circumstances, lected the liighest, dryest, and sheltered by a spacious and Avell most barren spot, in these pine built house, protected from the AA'Oods for his summer residence, vicissitudes of the climate by the and carefully preserved the sur- most suitable clothing—invigora- rounding forest in its primitive ted by nourishing food, exempt by condition as the best safe-guard his condition from exposure and of liis health. To find such a spot sevei'e bodily labor, \'isiting his he had often to gb several miles fields on horseback, and directing from the fields that greAV his crops; his laborers from the saddle—even early in summer he abandoned his he suffered severely in his own mansion on the plantation. The person arid those of his family labors of the field were performed from the malarious atmosphere of by his negroes, who could live on his fertile domain. If his life was the spot Avithout suffering from —

388 Loio (Jountrij of South (aivc [Oct. local causes of disease; for in nu- generations has proved that a merous localities, throughout the white peasantry, the tillers of the South, the same air that breathes soil, cannot permanently sustain pestilence and death to the white itself in the tide water region of man, brings health and vigor to South Carolina; and the remark the black. To the planter well probably applies to a large por- mounted, a few miles were noth- tion of tlie Southern States. The ing. From his summer house, he climate of Charleston itself has could easily superintend the la^ not been so unfavorable to the bors of his negroes, and the tillage European race. Although a dis- of his fields. ease, intensely malignant to stran- His poorer neighbors abandon- gers, occasionally prevails there ing the attempt to cultivate the during the latter part of the sum- .ucher and more malarious soils, mer—yet among the acclimated settled in the less fertile l)ut more natives, as large families are rais- healthy pine Avoods, where cultiva- ed, and as many instances of ex- ting a few acres for bread, which he treme age are met with as in other often failed to make, rearing some countries. Still the heat of the few cattle and hogs for market, climate for half the year has al- he earned a scanty livelihood. ways proved a serious obstacle Some of the more intelligent and to the industry of the laboring energetic ofthese men became great classes. Charleston therefore, like stockbreeders, owning large herds the country around, was full of of cattle, which ranged over the un- negroes, to whom almost all un- cleared country, finding food in skilled labor was assigned. But winter in the swamps and cane- a prosperous community needs and brakes, and only occasionally affords profitable emj^ioyment to driven up to the pens, to be mark- a variety of agents, many of them ed and branded, or to be driven to engaged" in pursuits requiring in- a market. Even in our day, there tellectual culture and professional are men owning a few acres a- skill. There were in the colony a round their own homesteads, who numerous professional and com- have many hundreds and even mercial class, deriving their sup- some thousands of cattle habitu- port indirectl}^ yet exclusively from ally pastured on the uncleared the agricultural wealth of the land of their neighbor. A larger country. number of the poorer class found Thus long before the revolution employment as overseers on the the population of this region had plantations of wealthy planters, assumed a definite classification, where, exempt from hard lal)or, which it has retained to our day. and living in abundance, the}' were The negroes almost exclusively somewhat shielded from the worst formed, or supplied the place of a effects of the climate ; and often re- peasantry—the tillers of the soil cieving liberal wages, they some- —and furnished the unskilled labor times laid the foundation of their of the community. The holders of own fortunes. But in general the lands and slaves, formed a class overseers of the lower country of themselves, upon which all proved a short lived class—and our other classes were more or less de- observation leads us to the belief, pendant. They were numerous, that there is a waste of life among wealthy, many of them highly the poorer whites of the rural dis- educated, the sons of rich and tricts which has been only sup- educated men—and some of them plied, formerly by immigration sprung from families of note in from abroad, latterly by migra- England. Their influence pre- tion from more healthy regions in dominated in the colony, and they the interior. The experience of gave the tone to society. The 1866.] Low Country of South Carolina. 389

most successful and eniiueut pro- on their English origin, and stu- fessional men, hastened to add diously imitated the habits, man- the position of the planter to their ners and style of living of the Eng- originai pursuit—while few na- lish gentleman, would have shown tives, born to a competence, en- extreme reluctance to severing gaged in any other occupation, the ties that had hitherto bound than agriculture, except occasion- them to England. It did not ally, the practice of the law. — prove so. On the contrary this There seems to have been much very class, with some exceptions, mental activity in the colony, and were most anxious in urging on not a few men of family and for- the contest, and took infinite pains tune adopted this profession, as to convince those who from nar- the best stepping stone to political rowness of education, were less power. capable of judging of the merits Although the career of the colo- of the quarrel, of the necessity of ny l.ad been one of progress, it resistance. This was the class- was not one of peace. It had par- which filled the colonial assemblj^, taken of the triumphs and disas- that renounced the royal govern- ters of the British wai's with ment, and which officered the France and Spain. It had been troops which resisted the royal involved frequeutly in bloody con- arms. They were doubtless con- tests with the Indian Nations com- vinced that the measures of the bined against them. The militia government were aggressive on of the colony had been repeatedly the rights of the subject, and if and for long periods under arms not already oppressive, violated in defence of their homes, or in the principle which constituted, remote enterprises, by sea as well the best security against oppres- by land. They had achieved bril- sion. They felt that no govern- liant successes and experienced ment, and least of all a parliamen- grievous disasters. In that age tary government, seated at a re- the military spirit of the people mote distance from a country, can was not suftered to die out for sufticiently understand and sym- want of excitement. They had pathize with the rights and inter- also been agitated l\y violent civil ests and character of the people and I'eligious dissensions; for the of that country, to govern them government, or those who wielded well or do them justice. The first its powers—were freqiiently out essential of a good government, is of favor with a large portion of that it should be located in the the people. The dissenters from midst of the people it is to govern- the church, were numerous, and There, whatever its form may be, more than one attempt was made it will somewhat represent their to disfranchise and oppress them. feelings and interests. The true Many of these evils originated in ottence of the British government the colonjr. Great Britain on the was that it was a foreign govern- whole proved a nursing mother ment, seated on one side of the to her oftspring, who received ef- Atlantic and governing a people ficient protection, important fa- on the other, who had no longer vor, and generally, justice at her the same interests, and who had hands. grown out of their knowledge. When the disputes arose be- But another motive, vmavowed, tween the colonies and the Mother greatly influenced this class. The country, which led to the revolu- colonial gentleman sent to Eng- tion—it might have been expec- land in boyhood, educated at the ted that the class of native Caro- same school and college with Eng- linians who had been educated in lish youths, most of them no bet- England, who prided themselves ter born or richer than himself,. — —

-390 Loto Country of South Carolina. [Oct. on seeking to mingle in society in pure and radical democracy, which England, found that he was not has since been confounded with considered exactly the equal of his republicanism. Unlike most of associates. They were English- the other States, especially the men, he but a provincial, and he new States, South Carolina had was made to feel the distinction. resisted innovation and retained On returning home he found that some things in her institutions when he sought a i:)ost of honor which others hastened to abolish. or profit in the gift of the crown, In South Carolina, by a pecu- it was generally bestowed in pref- liar arrangement, by which both erence on some Englishman, per- population and taxation were rep- haps newly sent out to till the resented, and by the right of an place. Many highly educated owner of a freehold, in an elec- young men returned to the colony tive precinct to vote there, though Avith feelings of no little bitterness not a resident —property still had against the old country, and in a voice in legislation. And so it many cases mortilled pride, and should; for the security of pro- disappointed ambition, inflamed perty lies at the foundation of the patriot's zeal. government. The etlect of the revolutionary Id South Carolina, the judges war was for a time unfavorable to yet retain tlieir seats for life, un- society in South Carolina. Be- less removed by impeachment. sides the demoraliziug effects of a This gave dignity and indepen- seven years' war, marked by many dence to the bench, and made it an disasters, the country long feit object of ambition to the leading the loss of many highly educated members of the bar. Few things men. Many clergymen, ph3'si- are ^better worth paying well for cians, some lawyers and others, than ability, and integrity, in the being natives of the old country, administration of justice. In adhered to her in tlie struggle. South Carolina legislation did not Some natives too of the colony, of seek every occasion of multiplying the first position, preferred aban- popular elections. Thus the Gov- doning their homes to abandon- ernor of the State and the electors ing their allegiance to the British of President and Vice President crown. That oft'shoot of the f)f the U. S. were chosen by the church of England planted here, legislature, and not by the people. now no longer the established And truly a popular election is church, suffered greatly for a time not in itself a good thing, but from the loss of most of its minis- rather a necessary evil. In South ters and other causes of depres- Carolina, more of the principles, sion, and .other churches also suf- and provisions, of the English fereil in the same way 1)ut in a connnon law, continued of force less degree. than in any other State, embra- The character of the govern- cing much that has been swept ment had hitherto exercised no away in England itself, by the little influence on the social condi- sweeping legislation of the last tion of this region. Political in- few years. While in other States fluences had now a dilierent ten- legislation and custom lias been dency, but did not operate so facilitating the dissolution of the strongly as to change rapidly opin- marriage tie — in South Carolina ions and customs that had ijeen there never has been a divorce from taking root for a century. In the the bond of matrimony—where the colonial government, the republi- marriage had been originally le- can features already predomina- gal. Doubtless the ability to ob- ted, and the State of South Caro- tain a divorce had occasioned a lina, moved more slowly towards multitude of cases calling for di- ] —

1866- Lorv Country of South Carolina. 391

Yorcement, while the sanctity of quired therefore, the outlay of the marriage tie lies at the very much capital, and the command foundation of society and morals. of much labor, and large planta- But the social peculiarities of tions, with one or two hundred the lower country, originated negroes or moi'e, admitted of bet- chiefly in natural local causes ter management, and more tho- which continued to operate with- rough cultivation, than the small- out reference to changes of gov- er. There was much that was at- ernment. tractive in the position and jjur- This region, intersected by many suits of the planter, to induce the rivers and water-courses, em- son to follow the occupation of braced much very fertile, and yet the father, and as the negroes more very poor, land. The fertile multiplied almost as, and in many and improvable lands, were devo- cases more rapidly than the white ted almost exclusively to two population, and there was still" branches of agriculture. On the much new and fertile land to fresh water alluvions, especiall}', be brought into cultivation, the those on rivers within reach of the wealthy planter, often left several rise and fall of the tide, rice was sons to follow his footsteps. Many cultivated. On the higher lands, estates there have remained in and on some small portions of the the same family for several gen- salt water alluvions, that species erations and some from the first of cotton was cultivated which for planting of the colony. But often length and fineness of fabric is a change in cultivation had caused only excelled by the product of a change of residence, and in mauj^ the silk worm. In both of these cases the descendants of the plan- branches of agriculture, but espe- ter and of his negroes, who were cially the first, owing to the char- in the last century employed in acter of the climate, and the kind cultivating indigo, or tobacco, in of labor employed, to the elaborate one neighborhood, had abandoned and expensive preparations of the the old homestead, and were cul- land, buildings, and machinery tivating a rice or cotton plantation necessary for the most complete many miles oft'. Some of these cultivation, and preparation of the abandoned neighborhoods, have crop —only large farmers succeed- returned to a state of wilderness. ed—and small farmers failed. In The deserted homesteads of a score fact a plantation, and especially a or two of wealthy flxmilies, have rot- rice plantation, was a community ted to the ground or been destroy- in itself. The proprietor employ- ed by the annual fires which, lit ed as overseer, some white man, by the herdsman, sweep through selected for character, intelligence, the forests in the spring of the and experience in rice planting year. We have seen the tomb- and the management of negroes, stones of the old church-yards dis- and his wages were generally high. turbed and overthrown by the Prom among the negroes, one or dense growth of the forest, and a two men were selected, for their herd of cattle taking shelter under intelligence, trustiness, and skill the roof of the parish church, the in the cultivation of the crop. solid walls of which resisted the There was need of one, two, or annual fires and the hand of time. more carpenters, according to the Still there has been a permanence size of the place, and others had of societ}", of habitation, and of to be set apart, for special duties. occupation, in strong contrast with There was often some job to be the general characteristics of the done, which required the com- country at large. From an early bined strength, of ten, twenty, or period in the existence of the more hands, The plantation re- colony to tl\is d,ay, the §£tme family 392 The Bron-n Bridge. [Oct. names IVoquently re-appear in so- brit}- and other attractions of some ciety, and in public life, and even neighboring spot drcM^ many fami- the negro population was largely lies to it, and thus grew up in the the descendants of negroes born pine forest and on the seashore, on the same estate, and held by villages inhaliited only in svnnmer, the same familj- as their grand- and only by a better class of people. sires. AVc know families lately But Charleston became the sum- owning three or four hundred ne- mer residence of many of the rich- groes who have not purchased one er planters. There they enjoyed in one hundred years. the advantages of education for The climate drove the planters their children and society for from the plantations, for five themselves. months in the year. The salu- TO ]JP: CONTINTJEl).

THE J5KOWN BKIDCJE.

The Brown Bridge spans the streamlet, and The evergreens, from hand to hand. Arch the road-way's snow-white sand.

A Picture ! aiid I loved the same Till Mary there to meet me, came,

And left my picture, but a frame !

An (jval such as might entwine The niild Madonna of a shrine From some old Master's hand, divine.

And ever since, in passing there, The same sweet phantom haunts the air, With azure eyes and floating hair.

Grow on, ye evergreens, and throw

Soft shadows on the dust below ; And ye dark waters, murmur low

Of otlwr streams, not dark or wide, So Mary, with my joy, that died, Shall meet me on the other side. F. O. TICKNOir

,)uly 2(\, \sm. 1866,] Gen. D. H. HilPs Report of the Battle of Chickamai(ga. 393

GEN. D. II. HILL'S REPORT OF THE BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA.

General : ed so that every ford and ferry I have the honor to report the from the mouth of the Chickamaii- part taken by my command in the ga to the mouth of the Hiawassee operations around Chattanooga, Avas guarded and covered by rifle terminating in the battle of Chick- pits and batteries. It had been amauga on the 19th and 20th Sep- the design of the enemy to inter- tember, 1863. pose a colunui betAveen Ivnoxville I reached Chattanooga on the and Chattanooga and thus isolate 19th July and was assigned to Har- Buckner, Avliile Burnside should dee's old troops, consisting of Cle- appear on his flank. But, after burne's and SteAvart's Divisions. trying all the crossings and find- They were encamped on the Chick- ing them guarded by vigilant and amauga about Tyners Station. determined men, he Avas constrain- The Yankees, soon made their ed to abandon his original plan. appearance at Bridgeport, and I Breckenridge's division having made arrangements to guard the come up from Mississippi Avas as- crossings of the Tennessee. A signed to my corps, and SteAvart's regiment was posted at Sivley's division Avas soon after sent up ford, another at Blythe"s ferry, toAvards KnoxAdlle to join Buck- and Wood's brigade at Harrison. ner, Stovall's brigade of Brecken-

On Fast Day, Aug. — , while reli- ridge's division Avas posted at Siv- gious services were being held in ley's ford, and as the enemy still Chattanooga, the enemy appeared threatened a crossing, Ilindman's on the opposite side of the river division of Polk's corps Avas sent and commenced shelling the town to our support. On Sunday August without giving notice. Our pick- the 30th, Ave learned almost acci- ets and scouts (if any were out) dentally through a citizen that the had given no warning of his n]i- corps of Tliomas and McCook had proach. Some women and chil- crossed at Caperton's Ferr}', be- dren were killed and Avounded b}' gining the movement the Thursday this not unusual act of alrocity. before. A few nights before, Clayton's This was the natural })oint of brigade had been moved up to crossing for the enemy, as it Avas Birchwood, three miles from the near to their depot at SteA'enson, mouth of the Hiawassee, and C4en, and gaA-^e them a good road on our Clayton was instructed to send an Hank and rear. Buckner's com- officer up the river until he met mand, Avas brought doAvn from our cavalry pickets and endeavor Knoxville and the Commander- to eftect a connection with them. in-chief I'esolved to abandon Chat-

Gren. C. reported to me that he tanooga . The reason given by him found no pickets for forty miles, the for this evacuation Avas that the great mass of oiu' cavalrj^ being at enemy Avas getting in his rear and Kingston. This report was com- might seize the crossings of the municated to the Connnander-in- Oostanaula aiul starve his army, chief and the caA'alry pickets were as he had no movabk' pontoon jBOved down, so as t<.) connect with train. Tlie movement began on Clayton. The shelling of Chatta- the night of Sept. the 3d, my corps nooga revealed the fact that the taking the lead, on the Lafayette enemy was in our immediate front road. The mass of the enemy's and I ordered Cleburne's division army Avas supposed to be at Tren- to Hari-json, and had if distribut- ton in Will's Vallev, but as our 394 Gen, D. H. HUVs Report of the Battle of Ghiclamauga. [Oct,

cavalry soou lost the almost im- to be relieved from picket at the pregnable position of Look-Out Gaps, and that these Gaps had been mountain Avith but small loss on heavily obstructed by our caval- either side, the enemy began to ry, and some hours would be re- pour down into McLe More Cove. quired to open them up. I was accordingly ordered by the Inasmuch, too, as Cleburne Com'd'g General to picket the would have nearly, if not quite as gaps in Pigeon mountain. This long a march as Hindman, I be- duty was enti'usted to Gen. Cle- lieved the intended junction would burn", while Breckenridge was left be impossible, and certainly no at Lafayette in charge of the surprise could be etlected. These trains of the army. reasons appeared satisfactory to About daylight on the morning the Com. Gen. as he made no of the 10th Sept I received the fol- complaint in regard to my not mak- lowing order from the General ing the movement, and met me Commanding. the next day with his usual cor- diality. Gen. Buckner at Gordon's Head-Quarters, Army of Tennes- Mill was directed to make the see, Gordon's Mills, movement, instead of Gen. Cle- Sept. 0, 18(33, 11 3-4 P. M. burne, and the language of the General Hill : order to Gen. Buckner recognised I enclose orders given to Gen. tlie impracticability of the order Hindman. Gen. Bragg directs issued to me. "Gen. Hill has found that you send or take as your it 'mpossib'e to carry out the part judgment dictates, Cleburne's di- assigned to Cleburne's division." vision to re-unite with Hindman In fact. Gen. Hindman had made at Davis" X Roads to-morrow his night march, and reached the morning. Hindman starts at 12 neighborhood of the enemy, almost to-night and has 13 miles to make. by the thn\ I received the order to The Commander of the columns m')ve to eflect a junction. As i thus united will move upon the there couUl be no direct communi- enemy at the foot of Steven's Gap cationwith him, the following note said to be 4 or 5000. did n >t reach me from him until If unforeseen circumstances the afternoon. should prevent your movement, H'D Q'Ks. &:•., at Morgan's on notify Hindman. ''Cove Road " four mil(>s from A cavah-y force should accom- Roads. pany your column. Hindman has Davis' X none. Sept. loth, 1803, G A. M. Open connnunication with Hind- General: man by your cavalry in advance I expected you would open of the junction. He marches on communication with me by the the road frr)m Dr. Anderson's to time I reached this p'are, bat, as Davis' X Roads. yet, hear nothing fr im you. If it Signed W. W. Mackall, be true, as I learn it is. tliat the Chief of Staft: road fr(>m Lafayette U) Davis' X I immediately replied to this Roads is blockaded at Du^'s Gap, note notifying the Com'd'g Gen- and the Catlettt's (Jap road also eral of the late hour at whicli it blneknded, I fear it wil be impos-

' had been received, and stating tliat sible to ( ifect th int. nded junc- Gen. Cleburne had been sick in bed tion. Your bett( r information all day, that two of his regiments will enable you to decide as to that. whi(;h had been picketing ab(iv(i There are rumors here that a Harrison liad not yet joined him, Federal division is at and near that one of his three brio;ades had Davis' X Roads, and another at 1866.] (ien. D. H. HilPs Report of the Battle of Ckkliamauga. 395-

Bailey's X Roads. Col. Russell, sweep everything before us. The commanding a cavalry regiment prompt flight of the enemy and of Martin's brigade has gone for- the approaching darkness saved ward to ascertain the facts. I him from destruction. This force deem it inexpedient to move be- proved to be the advance of yond this place, till I learn that Thomas' corps—the main body you are in motion and that we being opposite Steven's Gap in can safely unite. Look-out Mountain. Very respectfully, This day and the following, my Your ob't servant, signal corps and scouts on Pigeon T. C. Hind 31 AN", Maj. Gen. Mountain reported the march of a heavy column up the cove to On the morning of the 11th, our left. These reports were com- Cleburne's division, followed by municated to the Com. General, Walker's, marched to Dug Gap. but were discredited by him. On It was understood that Ilindman the morning of the 13th, all the and Buckner would attack at day- troops, except my two divisions,, light; and these other divisions moved up to Lee & Gordon's Mill were to co-operate with them. to attack Crittenden's corps, iso- The attack, however, did not be- lated at that point. The attack gin at the hour designated, and so however was not made. imperfect was the communication At 8 a. m., Lt. Baylor of the with Ilindman, that it was noon cavalry reported to me, with a before he could be heard from. I note from Gen. Wharton, vouch- was then directed to move with ing for his entire reliability. Lt. the divisions of Cleburne and Baylor stated, that McCook with Walkor and make a front attack his corps had encamped at Alpine upon the enemy. The sharp-shoot- the night before and that his col- ers of Wood's brigade under the umn was moving on to Lafayette. gallant Maj. Hawkins advanced Our cavalry pickets had been driv- in handsome style, driving in the en in on the Alpine road the even- Yankee pickets and skirmishers, ing before, a few miles from town and Cleburne's whole .force was and I had directed Gen. Breckin- advancing on their line of battle, ridge to supply their place with in- when I was halted by an order fantry pickets. Soon after the re- from Gen. ISragg. The object port of Lt. Baylor, a brisk lire was, as supposed, to wait until opened upon the Alpine road Ilindman got in the Yankee rear. about two miles from Lafayette. About an hour before sundoAvn, Upon reaching the point, I found I was ordered once more to ad- that two regiments of cavahy had vance, but the enemy soon rapidly attacked the skirmishers of retired. Their rear was gallantly Adams' brigade, and had been re- attacked by a company of our pulsed with considerable loss. Gen. cavalry, but made a stand on the Adams was satisfied from the other side of Chickamauga creek, manner of the advance that this under cover of a batteiy of artil- force was the vanguard of a heavy lery. Semple's magnificent bat- column. I therefore brought down tery was ordered vip and in a short a brigade (Polk's) from Cleburne, time silenced the enemy's lire with on Pigeon Mountain, and prepar- heavy loss, and his rout was com- ed for battle. The enemy's cav- plete. I had in the mean time alry had, liowever, captured the communicated with Gen. Buck- infantr}'- picket, and upon McCook ner in person, and by an Aid, with learning that the men belonged to Gen. Ilindman, and had arranged Breckinridge's division, he became to connect my line of skirmishers aware, that Bragg had been rein- and battle with theirs, so as to forced and began a precipitate re- 390 Gen. D. H. HilVs Beport of the Battle of Chirkarnmiga. [Oct.

treat. The report of Lt. Baylor and gade was crossed over and opened the advance upon Lafayette did with ten guns upon the enem}^ not satisfy the Com. General that An examination of the ground McCook had been in our vicinity. subsequently showed that our fire He emphatically denied on the was unusually accurate and fatal night of the 13th that a single —the ground was still strewn with Yankee foot soldier had crossed unburied men, and eleven horses Pigeon Mountain. He stated, lay near the position of the ene- however, in council next morning my's battery. Our loss was slight. that McCook was at Alpine, In the afternoon, I received an Thomas in McLe More Cove, and order to report in person to the Crittenden at Lee & Gordon's Com. General at Tedford's ford, Mill. The enemy's right was and to hurry forward Cleburne's therefore separated from the left division, to the same ])oint. Soon by some sixty miles with a difficult after Breckinridge Avas ordered to mountain to cross; and the centre relieve Hindman at Lee & Gor- was more than a day's march from don's Mill. either wing. Our own force Avas I found upon reporting to the concentrated at Lafayette and Com. General, that Avhile our could have been thrown upon ei- trooi)s had been moving up the ther corps, without the remotest Chickamauga, the enemy had been possibility of being molested by moving down .and had thus out- the other two. The attack how- flanked us and had di'iven back ever was delayed for six days. our right Aving. The withdrawal of McCook Cleburne Avas ordered to take from Alpine and the appearance position on the extreme right and of a heavy force in front of Cat- Ijegin an attack. He did not get lett's Gap on the IGth, .induced into position until after sun-doAvn, me to re-inforce Deshler's brigade but then advanced in magnificent at that Gap, by the whole of Breck- style, driving the enemy l)ack inridge's division. some tliree-fourths of a mile. He I was directed on the 17th, to (;aptured three pieces of artillery. move m}^ corps at daylight, on the a number of caissons, two stands next morning in rear of Gen. of colors, and upAvards of three Polk"s corps towards Lee & Gor- hundred prisoners. His OAvn loss don's Mill. A demonstration was Avas small, and fell chiefly upon to be made at that ])oint. by Gen. Wood's l)rigade. Avhich had to Polk, Afhile the rest of the army cross an open field, and encounter should cross lower down on the log l)reast Avorks upon the opjiosite Chickamauga. (leburne's divis- side of it. Capt. Semple and Lt. ion Avas drawn uj) in line of bat- Key ran their batteries mider coa'- tle at Anderson's house on the ej: of darkness to Avithin sixty 18th, and Breckinridge's was sent yards of the enemy's line, and to guard the crossing at Glass' opened Avitli hapi)y (Effect. The Mill, .lust before sundown, our other l)atteries of the divison Avere cavalry pickets vv^ere driven away placed by my direction on the from Owen's ford, some miles right flank, so as to (uifilade the above the Mill, and the enemy enemy's line. crossed over a c(msiderable force. 1 have never seen troops behave I hastened there in person with m(.)re gallantly than did this no- Adams' brigade, but the enemy ble division, and certainly I never did not advance upon it. The saAv so little straggling ifrom the next morning, Adams' Ijrigade field. was withdrawn to Glass' mill; The action closed betAveen nine and I determined to make a diver- and ten at night, further pursuit .sion at that point. Helm's l)ri- in the daj-kness Avas not thought 18G0.) Gen. I). H. HilPs lieport of the Battle of ChickaDio.urja. 397

advisable. After re-adjusting our Gen. Polk and addressed to my line (considerablj^ deranged by the division commanders and directing tight) and conferring with Gen. them to advance at once upon the Cleburne and each of the brigade eneni}-. The reason given for the commanders individually, I left issue of the order directly to them at 11 o'clock to And (xen. Bragg was that he (Gen. Polk,) had not at Tedford's ford, where the or- been able to find the corps com- ders for the day, stated that his mander. I immediately replied Plead Qrs. would be. It was near to the note, saying that Brig. Gen. five miles to the ford, but as I had Jackson's brigade of his corps was no orders for the next day, I at right angles to my line, that deemed it necessary to find 'the my men were getting their ra- Com. General. tions, and that they could finish On my Avay, I learned from some eating while Ave Avere adjusting soldiers, that Gen. Breckinridge the line of battle. Gen. Polk soon had come up from Lee & Gordon's after came on the field, and made Mill. I dispatched Lt. Reid* of no objection to this delay. my staft" to find him, and conduct At 8 o'clock. Gen. Bragg him- his division at once to Cleburne's self came on the field, and I then right. About midnight, Lt. Col. learned for the first time that an Anderson, Adjt. Gen. reported attack had been ordered at day- that my corps had been placed light. However, the essential under command of Lt. Gen. Polk, preparations for l)attle had not as wing commander, and that the been made up to this hour, and in Gen. wished to see me that night fact could not be madeAvithout the at Alexander's bridge (three presence of the Commander-in- miles distant.) I was much ex- chief. The position of the enemy hausted, liaA'ing been in the sad- had not been reconnoitered, our dle from dawn to midnight, and OAvn line of battle had not been resolved to rest till three o'- adjusted, and part of it Avas at clock. At that hour, I went right angles to the rest, there Avas to Alexander's bridge, but fail- no cavalry on our flanks, and no ing to fiiifX the courier whom orders had fixed the strength or Gen. Polk liad placed there to con- position of the reserves. My oavu duet' me to his tent, 1 rode forward line had been arranged aSTorth and to the line of ])attle, which I reach- South, to correspond to the posi- ed a little after daylight on 20th. tion of the enemy and be parallel Gen. Breckinridge had not yet got to it. Cheatham's division Avas into position, fas' Gen. Polk had nearly, if not exactly at right permitted him to rest the night angles to my line, and Avas pro- before on account of the wearied nounced to be right by the Com- condition of the men. Repeated mander-in-chief. This same di- and urgent orders had been is- vision Avas subsequently discov- sued from the corps Il'd. Q'rs., in ered ' by Lt. Gen. Polk after the regard to keeping rations for three battle had begun, to be in rear of days constantly on hand. But Gen, Stewart's division, and Avas owing to difficulties and possibly taken out by him and placed in .to want of attention, some of the reserve. Moreover, KershaAV's men had been without food the brigade of McLaAv's division was day befoi'e, and a division had its found to be between SteAvart and rations for that daj- unissued, but Cheatham. cooked and on hand. Orders Avere About 8^ a. m., a report came given for their prompt issue. from the extreme right that a line At 7 2.") a. m., an order was of the enemy Avas extending across shown me, just received from Lt. the Reid's Bridge road and nearly VOL. r. —XO. VT. 28 —

398 Oen. D. H. HilVs Bcpovt of the Battle of Chickajnauga. [Oct. at right angles to our line. Gen. the rest of the day, as the enemy Adams was directed to press back Avas not sloAv to pour into the their line of skirmishers. This opening, and secure a position, was handsomely done, and a per- from Avliich he had a cross fire sonal reconnoisance made with upon our troops attempting to Genl's Forrest and Adams proved SAving round upon his left. that our line extended beyond that Learning that Gist's brigade of the enemy, and that his flank Avas in our rear, I sent a staff was covered for a great distance officer to bring it up in all haste, by infixntry skirmishers and that to fill the gap made by Helm's no cavahy was visible. During AvithdraAval. The request Avas the night before, I had discovered misunderstood, for instead of get- the practicability of outflanking ting this single brigade from Gen. the enemy, and therefore placed Walker, his tAVO divisions came Breckinridge on the right of Cle- u]i, accompanied by Lt. Gen. Polk. burne, so that he might turn the The brigades of Walthall and log breast-works, which the enemy Gist Avere then sent in, but there could be heard working at, from had elapsed something like an the close of the action until after hour since the repulse of Helm, daylight. My corps was now the and the enemy Avas securely pos- extreme right of our infantry ted in the gap, and Walthall force. Gen. Forrest had brought and Gist met Aviih a front, and up his cavalry to guard our flank, flank fire, Avhich threw their brig- and had dismounted a portion of ades into confusion and drove it to act as sharp shooters. A them Ijack precipitately. general advance was ordered and Upon the repulse of Helm's as the right was to begin the ac- brigade. Gen. Breckinridge had tion, Cleburne Avas directed to proiKJsed and I had cordially ap- dress by Breckinridge. proved a change of front of his As soon as the movement began, two right brigades, so as to swing a staff officer was sent to Lt. Gen. round on the flank and rear of Polk Avith a note, reminding him the enemy's position. His ac- that the corps was in single line, count of the operations of these Avithout reserves, and if broken at brigades, is as follows. "In the one point, Avas broken at all points. moan time, Adams and Stovall Breckinridge advanced at 'Jj a. m., advanced steadily, driving back Avith Adam's brigade on the right, tAVO lines of skirmishers. Sto\'all Stovall's in the centre, and Helm's halted at the Chattanooga road. on the left. The enemy's skir- Adams after dispersing a regiment mishers Avere drlAa^n back rapidly; and capturing a battery, crossed and Avithin about 700 yards, the at Glenn's fixrm and halted beyond left portion of the breast-Avorks in an open field. When Helm's Avas encountered by Gen. Helm. brigade was checked and I had Two heroic eft'orts to take them given Col. LeAvis orders in refer- Avere x'epulsed and tliat noble offi- ence to his ncAV position, I rode cer "ever ready for action," in to the commands of Adams and the language of his division com- Stovall on the right. It Avas now mander, "and endeared to his evident from the comparatively command by his many virtues, re- slight resistance they had encoun- ceived a mortal Avound, Avhile in tered, and the fact that they were the gallant discharge of Ids duty." not threatened in front, that our The brigade was then withdrawn line had extended beyond the ene- two hundred yards in the rear. my's left. I at once ordered these

This unfortunately left a gap i i brigades to change front perpen- our line, which was the source of dicularly to the original line of much trouble and disaster durintr battle, and with the left of Adams —

1866.] Gen. D. H. HilVs Eeport of the Battle of Chickamauga. 399 and the right of Stovall resting on important and distinguished ser- the Chattanooga road, to advance vice." upon the flank of the enemy. Slo- The whole division now fell comb's battery, which had previ- back to a ridge parallel to, and ously done good service, was post- overlooking the Chattanooga road. ed on favorable ground, on the The faultiness of our plan of at- west of the road to support the tack, was now but too apparent. movement. The brigades ad- Perhaps never before in the his- vanced in fine order over a field tory of war, had an attack been and into the woods beyond. Sto- made in a single line, without re- vall soon encountered the extreme serves or supporting force. It left of the enemy's works, which was still more unfortunate that retiring from the general North our attack was directly in front, and South direction of his intrench- against breast-vforks. The im- ments extended Westwardly near- portant results, effected by two ly to the Chattanooga road. Af- brigades on the flank, proved that ter a severe and well contested had our army been movG-d under conflict, he was checked, and cover of the woods, a mile further forced to retire. Adams on the to the right, the whole of the ene- West of the road met two lines of my's position would have been the enemy, who had improved the turned, and an almost bloodless short time to bring up reinforce- victory gained. A simple i^econ- ments, and reform neafly at right noissance before the battle would angles to the troops in his main have shown the entire practica- line of works. The first line was bility of the movement, and the routed, but it was found impos- advantage to be gained by it. sible to break the second, aided as But while Gen. Breckinridge it was by artillery, and after a had to encounter the difficulty of sanguinary contest, which re- opposing two lines, with a single flected high honor on the brigade, one, Gen. Cleburne had the still it was forced back in some confu- more difficult task of attacking sion. Here Gen. Adams, who is breastworks along his entire front as remarkable for his judgment and of disentangling his troops, on the field as for his courage, was mixed up with ^hose of the left severely wounded and fell into wing, owing to the want of adjust- the hands of the enemy. Lt. Col. ment, (already alluded to,) of the Turner of the 19th, La., was line of battle, before the action be- wounded and the gallant Maj. gan. After alluding to the check Butler of the same regiment was of his advance, by the fire from killed. Stovall had gained a point the breast-works. Gen. Clebiirae' beyond the angle of the enemy's adds, " passing towards the left main line of works. Adams had at this time, I found that the line advanced still further, being actu- of advance of my division, (whioh ally in rear of his intrenchments. was the left of the right wing of A good supporting line to my di- the army) converged with the lines vision at this moment would proba- of advance, of the left wing of the: bly have produced decisive results. army, the lianks of the two wings, As it was, the engagement on our had already come into collision, right had inflicted heavy losses part of Wood's brigade had passed on the enemy, and compelled him over Bates' brigade, of Stewart's to weaken other parts of his line, division, which was the right of to hold his vital point. Adams' the left wing; and Deshler's brig-- brigade reformed behind Slocomb's ade, which was my left was thro-vra battery, which repulsed the ene- out entirely, and was in rear of my, by a rapid and well directed the left wing of the army. I or- iire, rendering on this occasion dered Wood to move forward the 400 Gen. D. H. HilVs Eeport of the Batth of ChirkamoMga.. [Oct.

remaiBder of his l^rigade, opening himself behind the ridge and to at the same time in the direction hold his position, as long as pos- of the enemy's fire with Semple's sible. His brigade was now en battery. echelon^ about four hundred yards Tbiit part of Wood's l^rigade to in front of the left of the division, the left of Lowry's regiment, and which here rested for some time. to the left of of the southern angle In eftecting the last disposition of the bveast-works, in its ad- of his command, Gen. Deshler vance at this time, entered an old fell—a shell passing fair through tield bordering the road, (Chatta- his chest. It was the first battle, nooga-Lafayette,) and attempted in which this gentleman, had the to cross it in face of a heavy fire honor of commanding, as a gen- in its front; it had almost reached eral oflicer. He was a brave and the road, its left being at Poe's and efficient one. He l^rought al- .house, (known as the burning- ways to the discharge of his duty, house,) when it was driven l)ack a warm zeal, and a high consci- by a heav}- oblique fire of small entiousness." arms and artillery, which was The Avhole corps had failed in ©pened upon both its Hanks; the its attack. Breckinridge had been fire from the right coming from compelled to lall back a short dis- the south face of the breast-works, tance, and Cleburne still further which was hid from view by the after a he'Jivy repulse. But the thick growth of scrub oak, border- fierceness of their assault had a ing the field. Five hundred men most important bearing upon the were killed or wounded by this issue of the battle. It appears fire, in a few minutes. Upon this from the report of Gen. lialleck, repulse, and Lowry's regiment that Rosecrans gave us the credit also haying been forced to retire, of having a plan of l)attle, and try- I ordered the brigade still further ing to seize the road, between him back to reform, temple's battery, and Chattanooga. lie believed which had no position, 1 also or- that our forces were massed on dered back. his left, and he detached largely I now moved Deshler's brigade from his right, in order to secure by the right fiank, with the inten- his line of retreat. A gap -was tion of connecting it with Folk's made by the withdrawal of an en- left, so filling up the gap left in my tire division, and Longstreet's centre, by the withdrawal of troops passed through the open- Wt)od. This connection, how- ing. All the accounts of the ene- ever, I could not establish, as my agree in this view of the battle. Polk's left had in its turn been "A heavy pressure upon us, when driven back also. Finding it a first disordered by the repulse, useless sacrifice of life for Polk to might have been serious, but our retain his position, I ordered him left wing now came into action, to fall back Avith the rest of his and McCook and Crittenden Avere ITne, and with his and Wood's soon tleeing before the heroes of brigade, I took up a strong defen- Manassas and Murfreesl)oro. sive position, some three or four After our line had been reform- hundred yards in rear of the point ed and the troops somewhat rest- from which they had been re- ed, I reported in person to Gen. pulsKid. Deshler's brigade had Polk, and told him that I wished moved forward t o w a r d s the to renew the attack, when the right of the enemy's advanced gap between Breckinridge and works, but could not go beyond Cleburne should be filled, and that the crest of a low ridge, from not less than a brigade could fill which liOwry had been repulsed. it. He promised to have it filled I therefore ordered him to cover and I learned that Brig. (Jen. —

LSGG.] Gen. B. H. HilVs Report <]f the Baitk of ChkkahWAina. 401

Jackson's brigade was sc4ectecl staff officer having in vain been for that purpose. That officer sent to him. Cheatham's division, however never occupied the gap, which had been taken out of line taking post" opposite it, but far in by Lt. Gen. Polk and placed upon rear. Gen. Polk had directed me reserve, had been sent up to meet to take charge of all the attacking the supposed attack from Granger's forces, and Walker's corps was or- corps. I directed Gen. Cheatham dered forward, and advanced in to make the advance, bwt learnijcg; beautiful order, and gained some from him that he came up riif>-n important advantages; the Chatta- support to Gen. Breckmridge, I nooga road M'as once more seized, turned over the order to advance and our guns thundering in the to the latter ofHcer, who responded enemy's rear. Unfortunately, the with alacrity and his brave men left had been disordered by the sprang eagerlj- forward. Two oblique tire from the unfilled gap. brigades of "Cheatham mider the and the right brigade instead of immediate command of that gal- being formed across the road was lant ollicer went to the left .of aligned parallel to it, and thus Breckinridge to establish connec- became exposed to an enfilading tion with Cleburine. Gen. Forrest lire. agreed to move forward and seize The forcing back of the enemy's tlie Chattanooga road, Avhile right had thrown some of his Breckinridge swept doAvn it south- troops with a battery to the Cloud ward, and in rear of the Ixreasj- house, in rear of the position gain- works. ed by Walker's right, and his whole xVs the whole line was "moving force was driven back. This forv/ard a message was recei,T.'«] second repulse from the Chatta- from Gen. Cleburne that Brigadier nooga road, though unfortunate, Gen. Polk had carried the north- probably saved the troops occupy- west angle of the enemy's works ing it from destruction; for that the point where Helm, Walthall ever watchful officer Gen. Fori;est and Gist had been repulsed in reported to me soon after, that a the morning. Cleburne's account heavy column of the enemy was of this brilliant alfair is: coming from the direction of Chat- ''Capt. Semple, acting chief of tanooga. His active scouts soon artillery, (Maj. Hotchkiss being brought in some prisoners, who disabled by a v/ound received the gave the information that Arran- day before,) selected position its. ger's corps was passing. Skir- front of the line, and placed his mishers were thrown out tovv^ards own and Douglass' battery Mdthin us and there Avas every indication two hundred yards of the enemy's of a tlank attack. Preparations breast-works and opened a rapid were made to meet it. ' Forrest's and most effective fire, silencing artillery aided by a section under immediately a batter}' Avhich had Lt. Gracie opened iipon the march- been playing upon my line. About ing column, which however passed the same time. Brig. Gen. Polk on. A portion of it went to the cliai'ged and s oo n carried the left of the corps, and advancing in north-western angle of the ene- column upon Cleburne was met my's works, taking in succession with a storm of shot and shell and three lines of breast-works. driven back in confusion. In this brilliant operation, he It was now 3j p. m., and Lt. was materially aided by Key's Gen. Polk ordered a general ad- battery, which had again been vance. Some delay was occasion- moved by my orders to my extreme ed by attempting "to get the gap right and run into position by on our left filled by the brigade hand. A large number of priso-

of Gen. Jackson ; stafi' officer after ners, (regulars) was here taken. ' —

402 Gen. D. H. HiWs Report of the Battle of Ghickamauga. [Oct.

The enemy abandoned his breast- was knoAvn to be pressing north- works and retired precipitately. ward Avhile the right Avas pressing Brig. Gen. Polk pursued the ene- southAvarcl, though his exact po- my to the Chattanooga-Lafayette sition Avas not known. A per- road, where he captured another sonal examination soon shoAved piece of artillery. ' that there Avas no enemy in our Gen. Breckinridge's second at- immediate front, and Hood's di- ta.ek was not attended with the in- A'ision Avas found halted perpen- superable difficulties of the moru- dicularly to the road and but a iag assault. The left Aving was short distance from our left. driving the enemy everyv/here. Scouts Avere sent out Avith orders Brig- Gen. Polk had secured the to proceed a mile in our front. troublesome angle of the breast- They returned reporting no enemy work. Forrest was thundering to be found in that distance. Oth- away on the right. Gen. Gist, of ers Avere directed to go three miles, ^ "Walker's command, had Avorked Avho made a similar report before his way to the enemy's rear, and daylight. CoL Govau, commanding Liddel's Js"ever perhaps Avas there a bat- brigade of the same command, tle, in Avhich the troops, Avere so had seized the Chattanooga road. little mixed up and in Avhich the Geu. Breckinridge thus describes organization Avas so little distur- bis successful advance. bed. The corps AA^as ready to " A line of troops on mj- right march or iight at daAvn in the and covering a portion of my morning, Avith thinned ranks, it is front, advanced at the same time. true, but Avith buoyant and exul- A portion of these troops obliqued tant spirits. The morning hoAA''- to the right, and my line passed ever Avas spent in burying the through the rest, Avho seemed to dead and gathering up arms. At be out of ammunition, so that af- 4 p. m., the corps nioved toAvards ter moving a few hundred yards, Chickamauga and encamped after the enemy alone Avas in my front. midnight near Eed-house bridge. The division advanced Avith intre- The next day (Tuesday) Avas spent piditj', under a scA^ere fire and in idleness. On Wednesday, the dashed over the left of the intrench- corps moved up directly tOAvards raents. In passing over them, I Chattanooga, Avith Avliat object saw the right of Maj. Gen. Cle- is unknown, and perhaps ever burne, AAiiose brave diAision storm- Avill be. ed the centre. Several hundreds The report has been made tedi- «!" the enemy ran through our ously long, in order to embrace liEe« t© the rear. The rest Avere points, Avhich have been since the pursued several hundred yards and battle, the subjects of contro- beyond the Chattanooga road. Of versy. It has been thought best these, some Avere killed and a good to refer to the action of divisions many were taken prisoners, but as described by their own com- most of them escaped in the dark- manders; and much regret is felt ness. It Avas now night-, pursuit that I cannot do the like justice, \va.s stopped by order of Gen. Plill by Maj. Generals Cheatham and and throwing out pickets, I biv- AValker, temporarily under my ouacked in line near the road." command, as their 'reports have The Avhole corps Avas halted in not been submitted to me. No the Chattanooga road, and pai'- eulogy of mine can hoAvever add allel to it. The darkness might to the reputation of those A^eteran cover a concealed foe in the thick soldiers, or to that of their gallant wood in our front or it might lead commands. A like regret is felt to an engagement betAveen the tAvo in the case of Gen. Forrest. Avho wings of our army, .a« Longstreet though not under my command, 1866.] Gen. D. H. HiWs Eeport of the Battle of Chickamauga. 403 most heartily co-operated through He carried into action five thou- the day, and rendered the most sand one hundred and fifteen (5,- valuable service. I would ask no 115) officers and men. Of these in better fortune, if again placed on tiie two days fight two hundred the flank, than to have such a and four (204) were killed, fifteen vigilant, gallant and accomplished hundred and thirty nine (1,539) officer guarding its approaches. were wounded, and six are missing. Gen. Breckinridge claims the The entire casualties in the capture of nine pieces of artillery, corps out of the eight thousand which were removed and saved. eight hundred and eighty-four He also took a large number of (8,884) taken into action, are as prisoners. He carried into action follows. three thousand seven hundred Killed, - and sixty nine (3701)) men. Of Wounded, 2448 these, he lost one hundred and ^Missinc, 172 sixty six (lGi3) killed; nine hundred and nine (909) wounded, and one Total. - 2,990 hundred and sixty tive (165) miss- ing. Among these, we' have to The grateful dut}" remains of mourn Brig. Gen. Helm, whose gal- appropriately noticing those whose lantry anct loveliness of character position, as well as gallantry, at- had endeared him to every one; tracted attention. The division and Maj. li. C. Graves, chief of ar- commanders behaved most nobly tiller}- of the division. ''He had and exhibited all those high quali- won eminence in arms, and gave ties so requisite in officers of their promise of the highest distinction. grade, —coolness, courage, judg- A truer friend, a purer patriot, a ment, and personal attention to better soldier never lived.'" small, as well as great matters. Xo tribute can do justice to Gen. Breckinridge says of his "the unknown and unrecorded brigade commanders, "to Brig. dead," most of them exiles from Gen. Stovall, to Col. Lewis, who home and family, —men who had succeeded to the command of endured every hardship, trial, and Helm's brigade; to Col. K. L. Gib- privation for so long a period, but son, who succeeded to the com- to find at last nameless graves. mand of Adam's brigade, the coun- Uncheered by the world's applause try, is indebted for the courage and uninfluenced b}' the hope of and skill with which they dis- distinction, they sacriflced ease, charged their arduous duties.'' comfort, happiness, life itself, upon Gen. Cleburne says, "I have al- the altar of country. ready incidentally called attention Brig. Gen. Adams was for the to the gallant conduct of Brig. third time severely wounded. It Gen. Polk, but it is dvie to him and was difficult for me to decide, to the country, which wishes to which the most to admire, his ex- appreciate its faithful servants, to traordinai"}- judgment as an officer, say that to the intrepiditv and his courage on the field, or his un- stern determination of purpose of parallellecl cheerfulness under suf- himself and men, 1 Avas princi- fering. pally indebted for the success of Those intrepid officers Colonel the charge on tSundaj' evening, JTickols 4th Ky., Col. Caldwell of which drove the enemy from his the 9th Ky., Lt. Col. Turner and In'east-works, and gave us the l^at- Maj. Butler of the 19th La., were tle. Col. Mills is entitled to be re- wounded—the latter mortally. membered also, leading his regi- Gen. Cleburne claims the cap- ment through the battle until the ture of four pieces of artillery and fall of his brigadier— the lamented his prisoners were very numerous. Deshler—he was called bv seniori- . —

404 A Hcro\-< Daughter, [Oct. ty, to commaiiu the brigade, which balls. Lt. Col. Boudurant chief he did with gallantry."' The ex- of artillery, woitnded in McLe traordinary merit of Col. B. J. More Cove, was again on the field Hill of the 20th Tennessee, came and ever at the post of duty. under my personal observation. Maj. Avery, Inspector General, This noble officer has been distin- Mai. Cross, A. A. G., and Maj. guished on many a hard fought Duxberry, chief of ordnance, did held, and has been content with a their whole duty with zeal and subordinate position provided he fidelity. Lt. Morrison, A. D. C, can servo his coinitry. a young and gallant soldier had Col. M. P. Lowry has been de- his horse killed under him while servedly promoted, and a worthier aiding me in rallying some demor- object of advancement could not alized troops. Maj. Scherk, chief have been selected. commissary, and Capt. Ewing,

Both division commanders speak c h i e f quartermaster, attended in the highest terms of their staft" faithfully to their respective de- officers. iwi'tments. Chief Surgeon A. R.

' My OAvn staff at all times and Erskine, thoiigh, very unwell did under all circumstances rendered not cease to attend to his wounded zealous, eftlcient, and intelligent until the close of the battle. A service. more leeling and conscientious Maj. J. ^V. Eatchford, Captain officer can seldom be found. West andLt. Reid, who have been The denseness of the Avoods pre- with me from the oitt-break of the vented Capt. Bain, signal officer, war, exhibited their usual coolness from rendering any service on the and judgment on the held. The field, but all his previous reports latter was severely wounded. Lt. we're accurate and reliable. Col. Anderson, A. A. G., whose Respectfully submitted services have been so invalual)lc D. n. Hill, to me as an adjutant, was equally To Lt. Ctqu. efficient on the field. His horse Lt. Gen. Polk, was killed under him by nine Conrdo; Ejo-ht Wing.

A HERO'S DArGJHTER.

(M. C. L.)

She boasts no Amazonian charms, Minerva's helmet never bound her ; And the' she finds delight in arms, ' Tis—when her father's are around her.

She does not aim to make a mark, Like Philippa— (as Froissart wrought her She is no modern Joan D' Arc, Like Garibaldi's wife or daughter.

And while there meets in her young veins, Ancestral blood—the patriot's—sage's^ ——— ——— —'—! —

18

Whose feme, rung out in trumpet strains,

(xoes gathering glory down the ages ;

She is not proud, nor coid, nor grand ; Xo haughtiness lier tone evinces ; Her heart is open as her hand Her hand is liberal as a prince's.

She does not awe you witii her eye, And yet its glance goes straightway thro' you, A latent tire to warm j^ou by A steady, stellar liglit to woo 3'ou.

Her smile is lilce the golden day's. Irradiating every feature ; You catch its— influence as you gaze, ' .ind own ' she is a gracious creature !

So genial her responsive mind, ^yhll every varying mood agreeing, You v\'onder how she comes to find The very ke3'-note of j'our being.

lieiieath her sparkling surface-liow,- The breezy freshness, and the laughter, Wells deep and strong, an undertow Of rare and racy wisdom, after.

lire-side graces all are her's Sweet, ; The chatalaine beside the bodice. Is but one token that avers

She is a very household goddess !

Accepting with unmurmuring lips. War's stern decree, its griefs — its losses — ; And nobler thro' that blood-eclipse, .And stronger for its burdening crosses,

She folds no hands in languid pause, Child of her mther,—true to duty.

She weeps at heart, the dear, ' lost cause,

Yet tills the busy hours with i^eauty.

He r heroism holds in view. Our people's strife for life, —the lesser

Yet bitterer one ! —There's work to do,

And well she does it : so God bless her

Lexington, Va. makgaret j. freston. - 406 Puritan Peculiarities. [Oct.

PURITAN PECULIARITIES.

This book,* though put forth as sacred secrets Avhich his profession the work of Dr. Craven of the U. placed in his possession. Were he S. Army, is in reality written hj reall}^ the kind hearted honorable Major Ilalpine, better known in gentleman he Avould have us be- the literary world as Miles O'Reil- lieve him to be, his lips Avould have ly, into whose hands were placed been sealed during Mr. Davis' the notes of the conversations pur- life time at least, as to Avhat he ported to have l>een held by Mr. saAv and heard; or at any rate Davis with his medical attendant. opened only to speak for the priso- It should also have borne on its ner's honor and advantage, and title page the Avords, " founded on Avith his consent. The substan- fact," sometimes prefixed to weak tial kindness, Avhich he shoAved romances as a kind of apology for Mr. Davis, makes us uuAvilling to their want of interest, the reader believe that Dr. Craven Avould being expected at sight of them Avantonly and maliciously misrep- to excuse the author's tameness resent his Avords and actions; he by recollecting he might have seems a good hearted, vain man, been more endurable, but for his Avho Avishes to appear to advan- desire not to depart too far from tage and make money by Avriting the fiicts on which he has found- a sensational book, Avhich Avili ed his tiction, and thus l^e forced take Avitli the masses. Enough of to depend on his own unaided Gen. Miles' brutality, and Mr. genius. Davis's sutfering are rcA'ealed to Mr. Davis is known l)y all the gratify the ISTorthern people,' Avho world to be a prisoner in the keep- Avould not have been pleased had ing ofa brutal and tyrannical jailor, the prisoner been treated like a General Miles, at present in the gentleman, or a simple political U. S. Army, late a carpenter in oft'ender; but the truth respecting the State of Massachusetts; a man ''the prison life of Jeft'erson Da- utterly ignorant, not only of the Ads" is no more told than if the most common-place courtesies ob- Avriter drew altogether from his servable between gentlemen, no OAvn imagination, and the news- matter what their relative posi- paper sensationals. tion.s may be—Avith Avhich indeed The Avhole book is an artfully we had no right to expect him to Avoven tissue of truth and false- be conversant—but totally indiifer- hood. Mr. Da\'is' conversations, ent to, if acquainted Avith, the de- instead of being those of a cultiva- cencies of civilized life. Beside ted gentleman, are dressed up in him. Dr. Craven shines as the good most fanciful style, and his Avords .Samaritan, avIio constantly endea- distorted and twisted, sometimes vours to pour oil and wine into until they make him say just the the sullerer's Avounds, and is as reverse of Avhat he really feels and constantly prevented. His po.se believes, Avhile not oue-tenth of is a good one, and represents him the indignities offered him by as always acting as much like a General Miles are rcA'ealed. We gentleman, as Ave could reasonably are told, that by Di". Craven's per- expect from a manAvho could plaj^ sistence, the prisoner AA^as remov- the spy, in the character of a phy- ed to Carrol Hall, Avhere the quar- •sician, and give to the Avorld the ters formerly occupied by the of- ficers on duty at the foi't Avere fit-

*r)i- Craven's Prison Life of Jeff. Davis. ted up for him, but Ave are not ' —a

1866.] Puritan Peculiaritiei 407

told that this fitting up consisted when it appeared in print. All the in turning one of the rooms into a letters are mis-printed, and the cage, tliree sides of whicli are com- sense is almost lost, but my only posed of iron bars from tlie ceiling complaint is that the Avhole of it to the floor, that out side of this Avas not so obscure, as to prevent cage pace three sentinels all night, the Avorld from entering into my and inside there is nothing but a privacy." This is by no means yery narrow iron bedstead^ with the only time the author, Avhether one thin mattrass, a wooden stool, Dr. Craven, or Major Halpine, has on which stands a basin and pitch- tAvisted Avords until he has j)er- er, and a table and a chair. We are verted the sense. Speaking of told of Dr. Craven's exertions to Gen. David Hunter, he makes Mr. get the prisoner's flire improved, Davis say: "Hunter, of Avhom I ^iid his meals sent to him at the asked him especially. Avas his l)eau hours when he could eat them, ideal of the military gentleman, but we are not told that these the soul of integrity, intrepidity meals Avere pushed through the true christian piety—and honor. bars of this cage by rude soldiers, Mr. Davis had long been associa- with " JetF, here's your dinner;" ted Avith him both in the service nor are Ave told that the officer of and socially, and believed Hun- .the day is ordered not to .•emove ter's secrect of success due in a

his hat Avhen he i'S in Mr. Davis' great measure to his unAvillingness presence, and the soldiers forbid- to bend to anything mean or sinis- den to salute him. Had Dr. Craven ter, he Avas rash, impulsive— really intended to do Mr. Davis man of action rather than thought, good l)y the publication of this yielding to passion, Avhich he vbook, he Avould not have concealed regarded as divine instincts, the .any of General Miles' persecutions natural temper of a devotee or

• of him, and would at least have fanatic.'' consulted him before giving pub- iSToAv did Ave not knoAv that Mr. licity to conversations, into which, Davis reallj said, " as for Hunter, he tells us, he purposely drew the he is simply a brute. I once prisoner to rouse him, Avhen sink- thoiight him a conscientious man, ing under the prostration of dis- but that is past," Ave could by no ease. He obtained permission amount of evidence be made to from Mrs. Davis to publish the believe that Mr. Davis could ever first tAvo letters she addressed him, utter praise like the aboA'e of a which Avere simple enquiries re- man Avhom he had, Avhen Presi-

. specting her husband's state, and, dent of the Confederate States, Avithout her knoAvledge he added a outlawed for his brutality to the third addressed to him—but in Southern people. Why did not reality Avritten for Mr. Davis only the author go on and make Mr. —a letter which no Southern avo- Davis at least excuse, if he did not man can read Avithout a thrill of approve of. Gen. Butler's course

, sympathy and indignation at its in New Orleans, and his order exposure. The tears start to our making knitting needles contra- eyes Avhen Ave read little Maggie's band of Avar in that place? He is grace, so expressive of the feelings quite as likely to do so as to praise

. of thousands of us Avhen our fath- Gen. Hunter, or to justify, as he .ers, husbands, and brothers Averc is made to do in this book, the aindergoing the horrors of Fort making of medicine a contral)and .DelaAvare, Elmira, Johnson's Is- of Avar. But General Butler is no land, and other Federal prisons. longer a popular man and a place We can appreciate Mrs. Davis' on his staff is not an ol:)Ject, so he ,'feelings Avhen she says in a letter is not lauded through Mr. Davis' uto a friend, "imagine my surprise lips. 408 Pu ritan Ptculmvitie^ Oct

But these are glaring fixlsehoocls, or Ijring him to shame, while he- the improbability of which will is true to himself. He has doac strike any reader, who thinks for nothing in which the Soutbera one moment that one of the char- people, women, as well as nte% acteristics of Mr. Davis as a pub- have not participated to the be;*t lic, as well as a private man, was of their ability; and " he bears hi& the pertinacity Avith which he sufferings as only one other has clung to an opinion once formed ever done, one Avhom he resem- and expressed, ^riiat we com- bles, in that he bei"irs in Ms own plain most of in this tissue of truth person the sins of us all." and fiction, is that the author It would have been impossible shades the brilliancy of Mr. Davis' for a man of strong character to- character as a man, as well as the hold the position Mr. Davis did^ lamps placed in his bed room; for four years without meeting Ave can excuse the concealment of Avith bitter opposition, but the

• some of ''the secrets of his prison hearts even of those Avho denoun- house." Perhaps the author was ced his policy as ruinous to the- ashamed to tell them, he seems cause of the South, must, if they indeed to have sufficient gentle- still beat for that "lost cause,'"' manh' feeling to do so. Perhaps thrill Avith indignation at the cruel the words, he puts into Mr. Davis' and insulting treatment he re- mouth respecting the shameful ceives, and he stands to day higher act of shackling, are the expres- in the opinion 'of his opponents^ sion of his own sentiments. We and the affection of his friends hope so, for as we said before we than ever before. Slanders against are anxious to think as well of Dr. his public character, history will Craven as we possiblv can; but A'indicate, and the South can heai' not for one moment do we believe AA^th composure. We are no more in the truth of his picture which annoyed on hearing from Dr. Gi-a- represents Jefterson Davis as weep- A'en that Avlien Secretary of War ing over the shame inflicted on he disposed the U. S. Troops and /ifjH, and lih countr}', by the bru- arms Avith a A'icAV to the "late I'e- tality of his enemies. He knew bellion," than we Avere at the too well that although the suffer- charge of his conspirinsy against ing Avas his, the shame Avould for- the life of Mr. Lincoln. There is ever cling, not to the immediate about as much truth in the one ai? perpetrator of the act. General there is the other. Mr. Buchanan Miles, but to the authorities who has c 1 e a r e d Mr. Davis of the ordered it. Sliame to Mr. Davis first charge most honourably, and or the South from any act com- the conspiracy story must go- mitted by the government of the down before the most careless- ex- United States or its agents! Nev- amination; Ave can therefore bear er! We never had occasion to to hear of its circulation Arith blush for ]Mr. Davis Avhen he was equanimity and are even indiffer- "our President," and now, in our ent Avhether it is believed or not. Ijitter humiliation and bondage, by the Avorld at large for the nine we can still proudly point to him days that Dr. Craven's liook Avill in his iron cage as our representa- be a Avonder. It is like the report tive man. Every brutal indignity of the half million of dolla;rs Avhieb

offered him strikes at the j^reat he carried off from Richmond , yea Soiithern heai't, and is intended so shrugged our shouldei'S and AA'isIi- to strike by its perpetrators. He ed he had had it to carry off', but bears all v/ith the dignified com- our blood boiled Avhen Ave were posure of the christian gentleman, further told that he Avas taken dis- conscious that it is not in the guised as an old Avoman in a hoop- power of mortal man to degrade, ed skirt, and Avadded hood, aiidL — —

18(36. J Berjuhu^. 409

plaintively exclaimed he ''did not 3 ears experience should have know that the United States war- taught him that the United States red on defenceless women and did war on defenceless women and children." Perhaps the Federal children'?''' otiicer who gave us this bit of in- Slanders like these are the mus- formation had some reason to com- quito bites that fret the shackled plainofthesharpnessof one South- giant, and in such alight only ern woman's tongue, when Ave re- can we view Dr. Craven's " Pris- torted '' dont you think that four on Life of Jefferson Davis."

REGVLrS.

Have ye no mercv ' Punic rage Boasted small skill in torture, when The sternest patriot of his age, —And Komans all were patriots then Was doomed with his unwinking eyes. To stand l^eneath the liery skiesi. Until the sun-shafts pierced his brain. And he grew blind with poignant pain. While Carthage jeered and taunted. Yet, When da3''s slow moving orb had set. And pitying ^STature—kind to all In dewy darkness bathed her hand.

And laid it on each lidless ball, 1 So crazed with gusts of scorching sand,- The}" yielded, —nor forbade the' grace, Ev llashin«; torches in his face.

Yc Hash tlie torches !—Xever night

Brings the blank dark to that worn eye : In pitiless, perpetual light, Our tortured Eegulus must lie I

Yet tropic suns seemed tender : they

Eyed not Avith purpose to l)etray : No human vengeance, like a spear Whetted to sharpness keen and clear, By settled hatred, pricked its Avay,

Right thro' the blood-shot iris ! JSTay,

Ye have refined the torment I Glare A little longer through the bars, At the ])ay'd lion in his lair— And God's dear hand, from out the stars, To shame inhuman man, —may cast

It.<< shadoAV o'er those lids, at last. And end their aching, with the blest

perfect rest ! Sio-net and seal of ' prkstoij. T^exin-toiu Va. maroar^t .1. —

410 Southern Homesteads. [Oct..

SOUTHERN H03IESTEADS. VAUCXUSE.

" There's a magical Isle in the river of Time, Where the softest of airs are playing, There's a cloudless sky and a tropical clime, And a song as sweet as a vesper chime, And the Junes with the roses are staying."

I coiiicl desire the present sketch ftivorite scene may i n c u r the- /to be devoid of all sentimentalism charge of tediousness, from those such as not unfrcqiiently grows less peculiarly interested, and- out of a detail of personal, family whom these pages may have failed

reminiscences ; for Vaucluse, —rich to imbue with the desired sympa- in historic interest, as the birth- thy, in their own sentiments of place and residence of Judge Abel pathos or pleasure. P. Upshur, one of Virginia's most But truce to preface, and if I nobly-gifted sons, —needs not the might but borrow a tithe of the' e X t r an e o u s and que stionable charm so witchingiy set forth, in adornment of fancy liights, or cverjr minute detail of that prince the stereotyped maudlin musings of gossips, Pepys, I shall have upon times and things now passed happily accomplished, my work, away forever. albeit not in an atmosphere of Even a dim etching of Judge courts and titles. Upshur's career as jurist, politi- Vaucluse was the homestead of cian, statesman, comes not, it is the Northampton branch, of " the obvious, within the province of Upshur family " who, according the present writer;—to the histo- to the historian of "39, or there- rian's pen be all these accorded, about, had lived upon the eastern while herein is assumed the less shore two hvmdred* years, cultiva- ambitious task of depicting faith- ting the soil and adorning so- fully, in mono-chromatic sketches, ciety." It was built by the father something of domestic and social of Judge Upshur, but was subse- life at Yaucluse in the palmy days quently much enlarged and im- of Old Virginia hospitality. proved by the latter, —is situated Having premised thus much, upon llungar's creek, about three something, —policy, perhaps, —be- miles from its mouth, and was, in speaks indulgence for chance trans- the years not so very long agone, gressions m the way of that sin, the loveliest spot in all that beau- at the outset deprecated, the pres- tiful wave-girdled garden, —the ent writer, being no more proof eastern shore of Virginia. against such, than many other When I say lovely, I do not speak gossiping chroniclers. of architectural eftect —a pret- Around an old family seat, birth tily-constructed wooden building, and death, —laughter and mourn- tasteful in design, faultlessly kept, ing,— bridal-wreath, and funeral- there was genial home-beauty, in yew, arc so closely and intimately every line and angle of its capa- intertwined and blended, that it is cious and hospitable proportions,. frequently difficult to select what — beside that un-translatable,/e ne will be of most interest to the sais quoi, which marked it as the general reader; and the present residence of the Old Virginia, narrator, looking upon the past's gentry. pictured page foresees, that at times a too prolonged gaze at some * Howe's Hist. Va. — ——

1866.] Southern Homesteads. 411

Far as the field-gate, —the far- upon the same side, — its paper of thest point from which, in front, cerulean blue, Avith carpet to the white outlines were dimly visi- match, and upon its Avails, facing ble through grand old shade-trees each other, the portraits of two —there seemed to be wafted out to "loA'ely and pleasant in their the approaching guest, a weird at- lives." Tavo devoted friends, mosphere, suggestive of the cheer Com. George P. Upshur and Wil- and charm Avithin. These Avere liam Kennon, U. S. N. They are not belied upon nearer approach. painted in lieutenant's uniform. Who was ever received by the It Avas a piece of their innocent, aristocratic, nay, courtly old ser- youthful vanity, I have heard, to vant—Davy Rich--and read not deafen themselves to all the oft- "welcome!" in his very gesture? urged solicitations for these por- Why, every wag of old Cossack's traits until "promotion" came. tail as he arose from his mat at The former breathed out his latest the front door, and shook his day on duty, in Spezzia, but his re- black, but gray-besprinkled fleece, mains Avere gathered unto his said "welcome! and a happy so- fathers in the Yaucluse burial- journ with us!" ground. The original of the other Poor old dog! —Uncle Davy, ]3icture preceded his friend many whose especial charge he was, laid years upon the dusty higliAvay, him away in a decent grave of his and his ashes lie, if I mistake not, own digging, long ere the days of at NorAvood, his home in Pow- tlie broken household. hatan count3^ The Vaucluse house Avas of that On the right hand front, opened some time popular outline indica- the parlor, and this again into an ted by the letter L, the sh )rter apartment of like size, — "the li- portion of the letter projecting brary," by Avaj^ of distinction, but front on the left hand, this formed then, parlor, chambers, halls, all a chain of pantries, butler's-clos- Avere libraries here. ets, store-rooms, —cuhninating in I see heavy folios, —ponderous th3 kitchen, tlie special domain of tomes of historjr and science. I old black Phebe, —queen of cooks, see poetry, and all the arts repre- Avhom, in mj^ mind's eye I see, as sented, and read, as of old—Avith- in days of yore, presiding Avithher in the cover, the familiar printed "slice" sceptre in hand. label: At the extreme right of the Abel P. Upshur, dAvelling was the study, or " of- Virginia. fice, "^ts books upon books, with- in, its cUmbing rose Avlthout, and . Legere et non intelligerei:)erdere oini.s. the interval betAveen this and the other extreme of the house a suc- There Avere roAvs and roAVS of cession of vine-clad porches,—, volumes, quaint, curious, and transept windoAVS peeping through valuable beyond price, and like floral and leafy curtains, —green- the fragrance of some floAvers I ' turf and shrub and flowering tree. have knoAvn, the aroma of that I see,—how plainly!—the open library will ever, now and then entrance-hall or passage with its haunt me, a sort of gentle pres- paper in gray wre.ith-panneling, ence, —a faint, antique, indescri- bordered in the old style with bable odor, —a spiritual exhala- rich, crimson, full-blown roSiS, tion, — (Avho shall say?) from the with their half-opened buds and remains of the mighty dead en- deep-gifeen leaves in velvet paper.^ shrined there. I see Ihe broad stairAvay, —easy of I am not speaking figuratiA^ely, ascent, on the lefc hand, enter- but in the commonplace and ac- ing,—the dining-room further on tual, of a literary atmosphere. ' —

412 Smithern Homesteads [Oct.

Let us go through the parlors,— the giant pines calls landward or libraries—observing en 2)(.(ssant again. their pale graj'-tinted Avails with Back to the house and that en- .rose cornices like the hall. Out by chanted garden with its broad the back porches with their twin- squares of turf be-studded here ing coral woodbine and white,jes- and there with ornamental trees, samine, —the former, in warm —its stately antique-looking Lom- weather, invariably the resort of bardy poplars, each with its bird- those tantalizing humming-birds. house nailed high up the trunk, Out upon the lovely garden breath- where Matron Wren or iSparrow, ing its odors of a thousand flowers, might keep her callow brood un- for a view of the beautiful sheet molested by juvenile raiders. of water in front and extending Little slate-topped, white-bodied far away to the right hand, into domiciles they were, with tiny, the Ches'apeake. In the same di- make-l)elieve chimneys, —and on rection, approached by an orna- the left hand of the front walk—on mental gatewa}- leading from the Avhich, beyond the reach of hostile, garden, "is Little oS'eck Point with Shermanizing ca t —conunissary its orchard-grass and superb oaks, stores in the shape of egg-bread presenting to view a vei'y English- were supplied each morning, either looking pleasure ground. by .Judge Upshur, or his vicege- Away down on "-The Point" rent. Uncle Davy, stood Birdie's .stands a rustic seat under a clump table. of holly and oaks, and on some of Roses? Tine very In'eath of the former are carved the names Atar Gul went sighing through their lovers, familj' of ladies and — this garden, and Cashmere's Vale, and those of visitors. names I believe, presented no such variety little cove and glen separate A <)f this Queen of FloAvers. Three " ' "Little X e c k "and ' Great hundred kinds flourished in the is the termi- Xeck,'' —which latter Rosery and on the borders, —but all direction, of the Yaiir nus, in that the l)eauties of the parterre were of cluse plantation, as also represented, almost to the remotest peninsula ''Church Xeck,'' a species of each, and my article length, com- about four miles in ]nust not be a Floral Catalogue. mencing at the veneralile edifice"'' Down the garden to the creek, from which the 'Neck" takes its through by the cedar trees. Un- name. der them is a long bench to rest Poyal sunsets are to 1)e seen you've a mind. Down the steps, from" Great Neck Point. Old if if you please. There is a descent Chesapeake in high Avintry winds of about sixty feet,—then there is tosses and tuml.)ies her giant bil- a pier some forty or fifty feet long, .lows, and each separately reflec- • then the bathing house, where ting the day-god\s pjirting glance, — is (or Avas) to l)e had, the most you cannot say if they are crowned luxurious of salt-Avater-baths. "with foam or lire. Gold, purple, -crimson, glow in the illumina- Only a few yards from the pier ted expanse, and in the magic- and there is an eminently pic'tur- nl blending of wave and sky, esque feature in the fair land- of Uncle we cannot determine if the quench- scape, —the quaint figure coach- ed orb luis gone down to burnish Jim AVeston, the old negro the billow or absorbed it into man, seated in his canoe,— more '• coona^'" crust}--look- itself. The soughing of the blast popularly a along the sand-beach aiul among ing, sunbaked straAv hat upon his head, and drawing in Avith hook line, the finest sheepshead *Huiik:i'-'s Clmrch, ImiU in folonial and fliat ever were seen. timp.". and hog-fisli — - -)

mni. SnuUicrn Ifnuiesicivt-^ 4L3

I'p this high lUght of .steps Bishops of Alal.»ama and Louisi- agjiin, —if you arc not weary of ana, respectively. my eccentric ups and clowns—and Your correspondent could not over thei'c to the right, some come to Yaucluse, mentally or in squares from the ascent, is one propria persona, matted with tangled weeds and Avitliout flitting about the hall and chambers vines;—rank grass grows there aboA'e, and glancing out upon the and hixuriant trees make dayhght upper portico matted AAith Macro- dim. When a chikl, the present phylla foliage and Avhite roses, writer approached this spot with and back, wliisperings and an impromptu Avithin, at the familiar but mythic animals upon the Avails, Itanisliing of mirth, for here gleam Griffins, I belicA^e, and then some gravestones cold and old,—and — impossible creations Avith horses" some too, new coinparatirely. heads, and necks proudly arched, Among the former lie the parents but scaly bodies, with fins and of him, who was master of Ya\i- lishes tails ; —heathen goddesses, fhise, when I knew it first. beside, — " ladies ' Ave used re- In these rooms, or some of them, spectfully to call them. to which. Ave ha^'e given a cursory But, charm above all other glance, used to figure, as I have — charm??! I cannot pass by, Avith- been told, those stately dames, out the tribute of a quotation, at our grandmothers, both in their least one article to which I confess maidenly and matron beauty. myself largely indelited foi- days Powdered hair, crape 'cushions, of delight: — high-he61ed, spangled shoes, and those traditional brocades A\'hich ''Yaucluse. — sweetest ofDream- •"stood alone,"' were in all their land I In my earliest days one glory then, —for the song and the highly-favored spot hereabout Avas dance went round then as after, a dimly lighted, almost dark gar- and attraction never failed here, ret room contauiing a "retired'" for the refined, the erudite. —the piano-forte, Avhichhad belonged to thorougli-bred lady and gentle- Judge Upshur's mother, and man. around Avhich. Ave little children, Avith our black mammys. used to Pine society c(.>uld Church iS'eck tlu-ong delighted. boast at one time, —Avithin its own confines. Adjoining A^auchise I would not like to kn*Av, now, A\'as Pear Plain, the residence of exactly hoAv that superainnuated Col. Jjittletoii Upshur, an elder instrument souii^led, —and this brother of the .Judge, ^a gentle- upon tlu' Sijme principle that in- man of Ivigh intellectual attain- spired Rousseau to shun in aftei- ments. Avho at one time repi'esen- lite a complete copy of a simple: ted his county in tlie Legislature. village-ballad, certain detached and whose reputati(jn for bencA'o- verses of AAdiieh had chiU'tned his lence spread far andAvide tlirough car in early youth. all the connti'v round. I am unable to say what tlie iii- Chatham, three miles fa-j-tliei- liuetu-e then Avas, —Avhether the on, Avas of rl 1 i t , the the elegant home Cen. subdue g h — musical ( ? Pitts, tather of the present Judge notes, the general romantic sur- of the Superior Court for tliePiftli roundhigs of Yaucluse, —but there- District ©f Ya. .it the Glebe. Avas a weird state of existence en- about th(> sanie distance from gendered then and there, upon \"aucluse. liA'ed the* Rector of which, far as seifene enjoyment ilungars Parish, IJev. Simon Wii- goes, no strain of Strakosch orOI'L^ mor, tather of the 1{1. PieA'ei\'UiX I'ull. wilb Sleinwa\- or Eigeu 2i) vol.. 1. — NO. V]. —) —

414 Souther a TJornef

bramlt to Itack them, lias ever trial, ^—she always wrote it, he said, wrought improvement/'' •'seperate." Up to that time,] Here are rigures moving liitlier, had .supposed that "grown up" thitlier, —for it is Summer, or pet)ple were born knowing everv- Spring, —the gay season on tlie thing. Eastern Shore. A few days sulisequently, and There are groups aljout the pas- on a lioating excursion, setting out sages, on the porelies, — in parlor, from the pier clseAvliere mentit)ncd. librarVi —dining-room, as inclina- the Judge repeated passages from tion suggests. "The Corsair" and declared that In the parloi-, l)eside the centre- to have wi'itten the tirst four lines table, sits a guest, a sunny heart- of that poem he Avcjuld be willing ed old lady, doing some very nice to l)e dead. The deatJdeiff; can af- sewing. On the table, among ford to be prodigal thus. other curiosities and relics, is an The blessed old Bishop of Vir- open liooli, upon Avhose pages lie ginia, the venerable and Right a pressed branch of cypress. It Reverend William Meade, a quon- ivas gathered from the tomli of dam class-mate of Judge Upshui- I^aura by Com., then Jieut. (tco. at Yale, never made his Pastoral P. Upshur, previously mentioned visit to tliia section of his diocese lierein. A young man of the com- without a. longer or .shorter sojourn pany took— up the dried plant, ob- at Vaucluse, and never came serving, ' 'This then waved above hither with(jut holding a long con- lier rest, whose lover sleeps versation, —the«jlogical and evan- " ' In :i toiiil) in Arriiid.' gelical—with pious ITncle Davy, of " 1 woidd not barter this V'au- Avhom he was very fond. Uncle cluse for, the charms of Petrarch's Davy was a well-read mau himself, " Italian Villa,"' answered the old having Clarke's Commentaries." lady, '" the sweet purity of domes- the "Jjife of Dr. Adam Clarke" siu'h lore, at hif. Angers' tic life, of Old yivgima life, breath- and ends. ed out in a terrene Paradise such Years after, when the old home- as this, I consider as the acme of stead had passed into other hands, earth's beatitudes.'' It was Har- and this tiiithful old domestic had ry Gihnor's grandmother who almost lived out the freedom be- spoke; she was a great aunt of queathed him by his master, intelligent Mrs. Judge Tpshur, and was 1)y when his mind had be- birth an<^ rearing a Virginian. come but the debri.'^ of its foi'mer self, a gentleman, a friend of the Here flit other figures familiar- family, foimd him traveling on i>,ed with these*, surroundings. foot not many miles from Balti- ( 'ounty-people who can boast the more. He had come from Wash- oldest genealogies in the State, ington, where of late years his that is, if they please to boast home had been. thereof. Here are the Doimells The gentleman, accosted him from Baltimore; the Jianckers, — kindly and asked where he was the Ohanceys, the ( adAvalladers going that way. of Philadelpliia. " Going doAvn home tp my mac- Here sits;, at his favorite game ter," was the reply, —promptly of chess, Professor' St. (Tcorge but feebly. Tucker, Professor of J^aw in old "It was touching," said the William and Mary, Judge Up- geutlema n, "to observe t h e shur's most intimate friend. strange, vacant expression of his How this gentleman, (Judge T. countenance. I remembered him opened my juvenile eyes by assert- a happy Virginia slave, respecta- ing that he had never known a ble, respectful, —and most highly woman spell "separate." at first respected, presiding with grace —— —

186(>.l >^oiitheni Homedeadx m

over subordinate .servants and the And hence it i», in reason plain wliole domestic tnsernhh of Vaii- Why still they look with cold disrtatii <;luse liospitality, —and again, irra- On aged Avooers, who incline cing tlie appointments "of Diplo- To worship at their glowing shrine. matic and ('abinet dinners during Lady, I feel their Secretary Upshur's residence in withering frown. Washington." For llfty winters o'er me flown Have left their frost and Uncle Davy's words were pro- chilling finovr Upon my hare and furrowed phetic. J3ut a few short weeks, brow. and he went home to Itis master, — I eannot w ake the tuneful lyre, not, however, to the old Eastern Its chords a steadier hand requirt?^ Sliore home he was seeking. Nor will they yield one note divine Moonlight u p o n Yaucluse. — To such ;i trenihUng touch as mine. And I believe that on one other Another duty place, alone, of all the earth, it calls me now, Another altar shone as brightly as tliere. claims my vow, And Itowing lowly, Upon the broad llungars' Ava- meekly there, Be this my wish ters, stretching tar out to the bay, and this my prayer ;— wavelets, in their shimmer and His blessing rest upon thy head ! sheen seem liquid diamonds, each His influence o'er thy heart bo spread I facet retlacting supernal light. His elioiccst gifts to thee be given,— The white-winged craft, which by Of ])eace on earth and rest in Heaven I day dotted tlie Avaters have nestled A'ancluse, J8«. away in their moorings, butanotli- er, and another, and yet anothei- This lady. ))ore the same maiden as canoe, punt, or batteau shows its name his mother. torch-light here and there, —bea- In the quiet home days there con of destruction, kindled ])y some Avas reading, a great deal of it, l)lantation negro for beguiiement conversation, music,—domestic af- -of dazzled mullets, —or "fat- fairs most conscientiously and ex- backs,'' as the local term is, —the actly managed, and there was, on lightAvood-knot being a po2)ular Judge Upshur's part, enthusiastic means of alluring them Avhen Aveirs devotion to the education of his and seines are inaccessible. daughter and only child, Avhose I recollect such nights, Avhen name Avas to her latest day a sy- there were gay groups and silvery nonym for all things holy and beau- laughter from the shore, the bath- tiful and of good report in the house pier, and the garden heights character of Avoman. I spoke of above, and there are phosphores- reading. I remember, some winter (ient Hashes from the "^ater Avhere nights, at Yaucluse, Avhen I was Beppo, the big l)lack ^eAvfound- Avont to get sleepy very early, see- land, jumps in to. "fetch'' the ing the ladies of the household sticks throAvn for him. form themselves in a circle by the There are guests at- the house on bright fire to hear Shak.speare or some such occasion, and in some some of the other poets read, and of the days of their sojourn is hand- tliough I can claim no precocious ed about an Album belonging to appreciation of Avon's immortal — I Avould sit one of the ladies, —Miss , of bard, yet up with the Northampton, a lovely and valued l>est of them, charmed by the beau- relative, Avherein are written, tiful cadence, —the mellifluous signed "A. P. Upshur," the fol- tones of the reader. Very Avell, lowing lines: though, do I recollect one occasion faint In lieatlien Htory, we are told on which a speck of inspira- The tuneful Nine are ne\ er old, tion seemed to find its way to me, In heathen verse, 'tis sweetly sung though it may have been only The tuneful Nine are ever young. sympathy Avith the weeping listen- •il(i tSoiil/K-rn Hoiiicsiriirls. [Ort.

•i-.s 1() Kiii;^- Lcm-. It was UuM-lo- Sojur coiisido'alih^ time Iiad sing of the Fif'tli act. the couvcr- clapsod aftor tho liiial breaking ujt, satiou })etvveen the okl Avhite hair- when one, —sinee sainted,— earn- ed king and his daughter (Cordelia, ally referred to in these pages thus TI)e ladies had their liaudkerehiefs. wrote the present writer:— to their e.yes-but whatever was ..p^,,,. ^^^^ .^^^^,^ .y.— . (one of due to thi8 eu-eunistance, I am the old family servants,) is livitig very sure I have never hear( tiu> ^.^^^ .^j^^i /,,„„;. .^^.^p,. ^ou all. and mere sound nt wor.ls siM^ik so -rrV^y/H,,,/. r l,elieve ahnost asmueU snu-e. ,, ,, much .,^ j',^,^ ,, ,, The -ofhee." was the sauetuni. j ^..^,1 h.io this ti-aiu of thouoht aiul ti-oin Avheuce were sent torth val- ,.,pji„„. ^^,-^^^^ ,.„,^. ^„. j,j,, ^jVi jiome ned eontrdnitious to various hter- ^^ p,.„pled a-ain with living forms, :tryciiterpnst^ Ihenoe eame the .^^^^ opntle voices are rinoino in ;ibleKeview«.t Judge St.>ry-s work, ^^ ,.,^y^ ,,,^,i I tm-n to life anew upou the inents ot which torensu- ,^,;,i .yonder how it is that 1 live eritici.sm has ])ronounf;^M_l encomi- ,„^ and on, Avhile all other thii.os ums^ rarely transcended ui the de- .^^.,. -^^^ ^^ swiftlv.- ' partment of literature, llei'e " . lesial . , ,, , , , , '^^X I'l'.''"' /'^ '"\*' "^ ended.— also Avere prepared, in more lei.su re ,

1 '>'>i'l.v. performed moments, essays for the ••Soutii- niade(iuately ^f^nsilde. Muck ern Literary Messenger- then in ' ."^ l''^'"^i\">' '"'^^^^ ^^'i^'^' '^^'^^^^ recorded better its palmv days,—T.' AV. White. «<'^'tli.v ot preservation, and repro- Esq., as "its conductor, and uum- duction.-aiul perhaps. U;oo, luci- l>erhm among its other illustrious been dilate.l Avhich contributors. such men as .luduc 'Umts have upon iKullu'en as \veil ta.-itlv consignecl Beverlv Tucker, and Thomas ij. ^'^ <'Wivion. he would-be Artist Dew,—also a Professor of William 1 '^"^^ idealized but little, it. indeed, and Marv ('olle<>e ' :it all. 1 lie as it 11^1841. in the earlv days of and work, such i.s rre.sident Tyler's administrritjon. 'vspecttully s ii b mit t ed — not, the family removed fronrVaucluse, 'I'Wcver, without a bugermg. lov- gaze thereat ter. a.s its niaster Avas sununoned to "'.U' the position of Secretary of the Tliere is. to me at least, a charm Xavy. —snbseriueiitly. to that of about those pictures, as they hang Secretary of State: so. from thence in the halls of jMemory, —thegloAV- u)) to the period of tliat sad iug originals from which these an; •atastrophe Avhich teriuiuated his copied, and I love to think about i-areer. \'au(-luse came to be a sum- them — Avrite about them, and even luei- resort instead of the home it now. while' these landscapes ])ass hail be<'ii. —which character. h.OAV- from my liand to the ])ublic.

evci', it re-assumed, indeed, con- ,. . — „,, , , tmuing therein until the marriage . ^.^_ ^^^ ,i^, ^^^^ of his daughter, and intervals «t oni,>w,-rv,'i 'nCsh"viti> ,-inMh.,n.i.- aiterward. until it passed into otii- er hands, whither the ])reseiit pen warming llieiii anew into lite auii

declines to foljow. being no morbid re;dil\ . )ee

1866/ '<).

)iu.SPn'Al. SKKTtMlKiS,

It vv'as (luring the lirst year of He coidd oul}- repeat the words tbe war, wliilc tlu? Coufedovate " thei'e he is —I saAV him—I saw army was about E— , that I ottered him." I found I could not control my services as nurse, in the Hos- him, and having called one of the pital hi F. — The number of sick, male nurses to assist me, we at last who were brought iu each day Avas prevailed up(in him to lie doAvii. so large that all persons, who Avere After he had recovered from tlu- willing to assist, found immediate faiutmg caused by the great exer- employment, whether experienced tion he had made, he looked iHU'ses or otherwise. It seemed as around him, and asked •where is if the kuoAvledge came to us, as it he?" and then taking my hand was needed, for iu all my ex})eri- begged that I Avould ]et him see ence in the different liospitals, 1 'Harry.'' I thought lie had be- >iever saw one case of shrinking come suddenl}' Avorse, aiul sent on account of ignorance—each one inmiediately for the Surgeon, felt that in doing their duty faith As soon as he saAv the patieiit. fully, they would be helped in the he said he Avas laboring under some time of trial. The patients Avere great excitement, but he thought princijially those Avith Ioaa' feA'ers it was fronr some external cause l>ut it Avas strange to notice hoAv and not from the fever. The man 4itt'erently, the same type of feA'ei', still repeated the cry— " let me see Avould attect dift'erent men. Some Harry let ]ne sec him!" To

Avould V)e brought in apparently soothe him, I sa,id, '' A'^ery Avell, conA^aleseent—except, for an un- you shall see Harry, l>ut you must natural brightness about the ej'e, try and go to sleep. " I then gave and an occasional Avandering in him a composing draught, and conversation—such cases Avere al- hoped on his aAvakeuing, he Avould most always fatal. Others Ave haA^e forgotten the cause of his ex- would see looking, as if they had citement, or Avould be able to tell scarcely life in them—Avasted and us- more about i*". I could ].,>t haggard, to the last degree, but think he had reaUi/ Viicog\iiZ(}d any often these Avould Ix' the A'ery cases oiK^ in the X. C. regiment, as lie to recover. Avas froni another State. I remember one bright beautiful It Avas noAV quite late, and I Avr^H Sunday afternoon, I Avas sittinu obliged to leaA'ehnn, — thinking he by the bedside of one of tlie pa- Avould sleep quietly all night and tients, reading, Avhen Ave heard I should lind him much better iu I'ihouting, and an unusual exo'te- the morning. On iny Avay to the ment in the— street. It proved to hospital, the following day, I met l>e Col. 11 "s regiment of cavalry one of his friends coming up for from Xorth C^arolina, Avhich Avas me; Before I had time to ask any on its Avay to the front. The sick questions he said, "Oh Mrs. , man begged that I Avould raise his do come as quick as you can to " iiead, so he might see the V boys ][)oor Eoberts, he is mighty bad oft"; as he called them. He had scarce- says he is going to die l)ut he mu.st ly seen them before he uttered an see you ttrst."' fxclamation, and tried to get from KnoAving how ignonint person.s his bed and reach out of the Avin- magnify any change of symptoms, dow. I endeavored to quiet him, I said I hoped he was mistaken, and asked Avhat it Avas he Avanted. and that Robert** Avas not so " bad — —

418 ^J'jsnp Ayaiii. [Oct. off,'" as he thought.— " Indeed he He only spoke once more, and that is," —he repUed, '' 1 see it in his was when the surgeon had ordered face, he is hound to go now." 1 that very hot water should be put hurried ou witli a sad heart, Init to his feet, to try and l)ring about '• still lioping for the best —every one reaction — he said it is a. dead I met on my way to the waid told man they are working on—make me the same thing, that Iloberts them let me alone," and then tak- was "going fast.'' ing my hand in his added, '-take I I'emember I had a Innicli of care of Harry, wont youV" flowers in my Imnd, which I had In a few moments, he had breath- brought him, thinking it would ed his last; and I was left with the cheer him to see an3thing so !>right words '' take, care of Harry " ring- and beautiful; but I never gave ing in my ears. And how wa.>* i them to him. On reaching his to do itV Shoidd I look for him bedside I found he was dying—so in the regiment that had passed 1 laid them at his feet and they by, — or was he still in the town? were buried with him in his cof- I felt as if I was willing to taki^ fin. As soon as he saw me ap- any step to fulfil my patient's last proaching, his whole face lighted request; for never in my life hav(- up and he said, " there she is" I met with a braver or more noble but in an instant his countenance heart than his, and if the spirits of fell, and he sank back murmuring the departed are allowed to know —" but Harry's not with her." I what is passing here he knows took his hand and tried to make how— *•' 1 took care of Harry." him notice me, but it was in vain. K.

yKSOr' AOAIN.

A I'ariiblc to prove it true,

*' Vilest of varlets I dare you dream. The while 1 drink, to rile the stream V"

Quoth Lamb, '-how can I rile it, till The stream you mention runs up hill V" " Ha ! caitiff ! by your speech I know You bit my Father, years ago !"

"How ro((/(/ I bite him?" Lamb replied, "Ere I was horn, your Father died."

" Base miscreant ! you mean I lie ! Now one, or both of us must die I" The Lambkin died no doubt, but I've

A "notion" that the Wolf's alive ! And Logic, with a Lamb in sight Doth not impair his ajipetite. " —

1866. Aiele St. Maur. 419

ADEI.E ST. MAUR.

CHAVTEK XX.

The house of the bishop, who thingi our graperies produce in was the spiritual guide of the Ben- England. You nnist have a re- jamin family, was situated on the markable soil sii- '' she added to Southern portion of the plateau the young deacon. occupied by the church buildings. '•Our soil, when pi'operly culti- It was a large, irregular building, vated, yields surprisingly, but the surrounded Avlth shrubberies, and l)eauty of these specimens, does gardens— 1 o o k i n g inexpressibly not give you a correct idea of. the sweet and home-like. The vrest general jn-oduce, which is mucli wing was larger than the other inferior to this. Our people al- portion and was occupied by wid- ways select the best of everything, ows and orphans and aged people, for the Lord's table. who had no one to support them. Charlie Mowbray was listening Their rooms were as spacious, airy intently, and he now exclaimed, and clean, as to be found anywhert. " But the Lord does not eat those In the center of the building be- things, does heV" low was a liandsome entrance hall, '"i^o, my darling,"' said his and back of this was tlie refectory, mother "but do you not remen) with a long row of windows open- ber our Savior says," "Inasmuch ing upon a finely kept lawn. The as ye have given unto one of the eastern wing was occupied l\y the least of these my brethren, ye have bishop's family. The bishop's given imtome." When we feed family consisted of his wife and and clothe the poor and I'elieve three beautiful daughters, Eebecca, the sick, (xod accepts it, as though Anna and Mary. Adele was par- these services were rendered to him ticularly charmed with their grace- in person." ful manners and pure, lovely faces. Charlie drew a long breath, and girls The young undertook to show presently hid his face in his inotl)- the church buildings to the trav- er's dress and sobbed. elers, and the first building exam- " What is the matter with my ined was the treasury. It was a pet?" asked the devoted mother. richly stored magazine—the first '"Oh mamma, when little Jack room they visited was the room Hare was sick last winter, I did where the first fruits were oftered. not like to stop playing to carry A 3'ouug deacon received them. the fruit to him, which you sent What a luscious display! Pome- 1 did not remember that to serve granates and figs, peaches and him was to serve Christ." grapes, melons and pineapples, (the latter from their conserva- .'"But yon will remember it in '" tories.) ''"Why 'exclaimed Mil- future my love," said his mother. '" "• I will lie, who could ever eat such a And hope Gqd give you a quantity of fruit?'' long life, in which to serve Ilim by '' It is for the bishops and dea- serving your fellow, beings. cons, the widows and orphans, the They now visited the granary, poor and the strangers " answered where the tithes of grain were the young deacon. stored and then the oil room where "1 have never seen finer speci- the delicious produce of the olive mens of each variety of fruit " re- was gathered—and then descended marked Adele, "just see, Mrs into the wine vaults, which were Cecil—those grapes surpass any- paved with stone, beautifully kept — " —

42/((/.!/•. |()cl.

:ui(l liiicil wiili (;i>ks ilir iiroducc • Thai iliHiculty is axtiidcd " (»f(])('ii- viiu'vards. — said the doacon "In- (»iir ))ish- 'Fhc youiiydcai'ou said '•Tln'sc ops si Jcrtinri the'iv succi'ssors. and thiiius are i-lucfly for the IMsliops keeping- the ratio the same as tlie and deacons. (Jod pi-oniised them Levites liore to the Israehtes. " 6t.s7 . thus AH the of tlie oil, and We Indieve tluit our Savior intro- tlio best of the wine, and of thi' dueed no new form of governnienl. wheat, and whatsoevi'r is lirst or ehurcli i)olity, l)ut vi!aU/ed ami ripe ill the land,—have I given perfected the old." unto tlieer*— and "Even so (i. From the treasury, thev went Ic V. in the same manner) liath the the eollege for young men. This Lord ordained that whosoexcr \vas a nt»l)lc building, not maieri- l>reaeheth the yospd shall li\(' of ally difVercntfrom English college,-, the gospel." howe\'ei-, except in the baths. A Sir ^Vlfred turned to liis grand- strong dee]) stream of pure watei' son and said snuling. • If tlu' jiourcd through a mai'l)le ac(pie- clcrgy of England and Scotland duct, the whole length of the were sup])lit'd with tithes and nortluMU wall of the buikling, and Iruits of the l.iest, (ireat Britain al)()ve this stream were several yielded, they Avuuld li\e in so lordly hundred bathing rooms, (-ach sujt- a style that the profession would plied with e\'ery nci'fssarv toilet tc he soon ovei-stockcd. a ppurleiiauce.

(11 A i"i'K i; \.\ I.

i)r. Inglis is ^eale(l in his >tudy, the l)lo(iiu of youth, and she raiso on Saturday evening, when Ins her liin' hazel eyes at this remark niece Ellen entei's, with a some- and a delicate flush j-ises to liei' what perturbed counti'iiance, pale cheeks. "Uncle *' said she abruptly, -'did "See now,"" said Dr. lagli- ] not lu>aryou say that Ignatius •• you have forced me into the lists. Loyala was a single-eyed, whole- and Agatha is I'cady to do liattlc souled, Chi'istianV'' lor hei- church. You may taki- •'Softly — softly —my lov(>— you up the guantlet yourself, my lady.

was .lulius ('a'sar, so was Xa- I did not know you wci'e sitliiiL; poleou." so (puetly in that reces.s. liV will •'Then you do not appro\e of not cpiarrel about religions — Wi- the cliaracier ami teachings of fg- love each other too dearly Jbr that:

natius I^oyalaV I think 1 am a moregt'nuineC'alho- Dr. Inglis glances across the lie than you. how(>ver. IV)r I believe ir-f)om to where his sister-in-law that many of yoin- church arc Miss Agatha (.'am))bell, Av.ho is a saved, while vou tlo not believe,

devoted U(jman Catholic, i.s seated that one of mine will e\-er reach at her embroidery frame, and re- heaven." plies in a low tone. "I pray that you may. deai' " Of C(.)ur.se not, my love. How Ellen." «'i)iil(l it be possible foi' me, a bishoj) " Yet you do not pray believing; of the ithurch of Scotland, to tip- for you (-annot think that I will

prove of the character and teach- ever leave tlie church in whi<.-h i "' ings of the foundei' of the .Jesuits. was born. " Miss Campbell is an elegant and " It is useless to discuss the sub- V'eautiful woman, thoiijjh past ject," said Miss Caujpbell sadly. " )

lS<''»iH. A(hlr Si. Ml 421

"•(•(ii)U'. and tell me Avhat Paul sends to London for tlie best con- wrote you from Syria, I believe fectionary."' you had a letter yesterday.'' •' Oh, but Uncle, 1 do not make "• Oh yes, audlie is so infatuated these things religious duties." with tliat half Judaic ehurcli "Xeither do the Hebrew Chris- which has emigrated to Palestine, tians claiuT fhat their ol:)servances tliat he can talk of notiiiug else. of the laws, to which you object, I am afraid Paul is running wild have any merit in them, but only in his ideas of scriptural truth, that they are wise and good regu- and that is principally what I lations. I was inclined to think wished to ask I'ncle ahout this as 3-ou do, at first, but Paul's ar- evening.'' guments have convinced me that " There is no end to the forma- Ave cainiot iln otherwise than allow tion of sects among the Protest- them their own liluM-ty in these ants,'' said Miss Campl)elL "'I am matters. gricA-t'd that niy ])oor Paul should •They observe the seventh day "" ]>e the founder of another. as a day (if rest, St. Paid gives '"Paul preaches a saving gospel them liberty to do so—they oli- to' perishing sinners, my dear A- s('r-\-e the Mosaic law. Avith regard gatha," said Dr. Inglis, lookijig to food. St. Paul gives them lib- up from his manuscri]it. erty to do so—they are /.ealous <_)f •• Put Uncle." said EUeu timid- the la-w— so was the church of St. " l}', do you not think that this in- •lames at Jerusalem—and he did troduction of Judaism into a chris- not object to it: I think myself tian cluu-ch, is a dangerous heresy. that they have proved themseh'es They observe the .lev/ish Sal)batii. so far. true converts; and I think "Thev call tlie. sacrament the pass- tliere is less danger, in clinging too ever, and are very i)articular to closel}' to the Mosaic law, than in

• rljserve it at the exact time of the departing too far from it. Put I Jewish ]>ass(>vei'. They observe really wish you ladies wi.iuld taki- all the Jewish i)urilications, (as your embroidery, and youi' mu- they designate them, l)aptisms, sical tongues into the dra^ving they will not eat any food for])id- room, or gai'dcu, and leav(^ me to dou in the Jewish la^v. my studies. You may thoi dis- 'Well, my dear, and what other "(luie about Paul's church and the crimes do tliey conmiit? 1 won- Jesuits, at your leisure." der how much guiltier they are The ladies smilingly obey, and than my niece Ellen, who is rather Ellen Tugiisand Agatha C'ajnpbell. jiartieular iu ol.sei'ving the law of spend the rest of tlie afternoon in Paris iu lier dress —who reli- talk, in Ioav. loving, cooing tones. giouslv oliserves her mamma's Miss C'araplvell is ten years older Siirthday—and makes It a point to than Ellen, but they have groAvn ha

HAI'TFJ! .XXII.

Tlie])arty of travelers, who drew village in the distance lies in- the iftear the sweet secluded vale of hazy afternoon light, witli an air Nazareth, have subsided into \)qv- of repose, as though all thing.s feet silence, as the holy spot comes slept. No sound disturbs the pro- ioto view. The swelling hills found stillness, save the shrill around encircle the valley, as with 'chirping of the cricket in the long a soft, reverent, embrace and the summer grass." T'nder an aged — '

4'2i' Adj'k St. Mail., [Oct. aud ^uaiied oak, ])rol")ably like the She turned and foiuid Mildred run- one in which the silken locks of ning toAvards her, and Adele, the Absalom were entangled in his beautiful young mother,

' })ly dear ! "The childhood of Clirist oh, the blessedness of his mother. had l>een spent in this spot! He, She thought the mother of this di- the God of all, condescended to A'inely lovely person, must be su- take the form of human nature premely happ}^; and do you re- and showed what surpassing love- meml)er his reply to her, my love';* lines maybe found in .sniZe^.s' liu- He said 'yea,'—that is, he assen- inan nature. I^o fault—no selflsh- ted to her remark, but he added ness —no littleness —no unworthi- ' more blessed are those that heai' aess, appeared in the fascinating- the word of God and kepp it.'' So nature which he assumed. When you see, my dear little pet, that om- he joined, in the pretty gambols Savior's kingdom is spiritual. Hiu of the village children, no scowl of mother was A'ery dear to him, but anger defornuul the beautiful brow he tells us tliat those avIio do the —no selflsh interests compressed will of liis Father are equally dear. the childish lips —no false shame This spot is probably also dear to ever ))owed the noble head. Hu- him, but a prayer from our home man nature without one blot —one in England, or from the deserts of stain —one deformity. How hap- ^Vfrica, or from the jungles of In- py the sinless child must have dia, Avill be just as acceptable to been. Our feeble minds can form Him as from the holy vale of no true conception of it. We look I^fazareth. " "Oh manuua," said back at the happy moments of our Mildred " I would love to live here. own childhood, very, very happy; 1 do n(it think I CA'er Avould be but there; Avere intermingled Avith naughty, if I could think Of our these hai)]\y moments, tears and dear Savior all the time, and if T disappointments, griefs and fears. lived here, I should think of him Filled with these thoughts, Adele e\'ery hour." heard Mildred's joyous voice Adele smiled as she kissed the shouting, ''Mamma, mamma.'" bright, up-turued face. ''My own — —

1866. Adelc St. Mam:

love, the heart is the same in all not brought them to a laud of places—it is God's grace and no seeds, or of figs, or of vines, or of

outward impressions, which puri- pomegranates. ' And do you not ties the soul. You cannot under- remember, Charlie, that when your stand these things quite yet, but favorite hero David, found a fam- you will learn more and more ished Egyptian beyond the brook every day."" Besor, and this Egyptian could The tents were soon spread and give him intelligence of the raiding dinner prepared. party, who burned his home in Charlie Mowbray and Alillie. Ziglag, and carried off' his beloved were holding a whispered confer- Abigail and his children, what ence, over some dishes of tigs and food they gave the hungry man to nuts. "jSTo."' said Mildred, 'VT revive him":' Bread, figs and rais- \^ill ask Manmia Cecil.'' Her ins, and • when he had eaten, his face was very grave, and l^right, spii'it came again, for he had had

AS her question was asked. no food for three days. ' And ISTe- • ' What did our Sa\'ior eat, when liemiah, in complaining of his coun- lie was a little child in this place?" trymen for bringing provisions '' Probably just what you and into Jerusalem, on the Sabbath •Charlie are eating now," said Mr. day, says they brought ' sheaves JJenjamin, who was generally lis- and wine, grapes and figs, and all tening, when his little grandson manner of burdens.' 80 we may Charlie was a party in the con- suppose, my boy, that our Savior, versation. " The common people lived upon the beautiful and deli- of the Jews to wdiich class our Sa- cious products of the earth —on -vior belonged, lived usually upon the graceful grain which springs the cereal and fruit productions of from the rich bosom of the earth, the earth. And evem Ziba, accus- and on the beautiful fruits which tomed to the habits of royalty, droops from the boughs and vines brought as a present to David, overhead." ' two hundred loaves of bread, an Charlie and Millie were very hundred bunches of raisins, and much delighted, and both resolved ;an hundred of summer fruits, and that they woidd always eat what a quantity of wine.'' but no tlesh. grandpapa supposed our dear Sa- The Israelites complained bitterly vior ate. in the Avilderness, that Moses had

CHAI'TBR XXIll.

We will next notice our party of black eyes, at seeing the emotion travelers on Mt. Scopus, looking of his grandfather, and doubling over the intervening forest of olive- up his little fists, and in the attitude trees, upon the turretted walls, of an English pugilist, he exclaim- the lofty domes, and alas, alas, ed. " When I am a man, I will the Turkish mosques and mina- bring an English army here and rets of Jerusalem. Mr. Benjamin kill the horrid Turks. I will be a whose love for the holy city has general, like Sir Henry Havelock^ been intense as a Jew, loved it and whip everybody." This in- still more as a Jew and a Chris- fantile burst of indignation, and tian. With tears rolling down his militaiy ambition, made his father furrowed cheeks, he exclaimed, or and Mrs. Cecil laugh heartilj'. rather groaned, "Jerusalem! oh, But the others were too deeplj- im- Jerusalem!—trodden down of the pressed with the beauty, sadness, Gentiles—desecrated—humiliated, and solemnity of the scene, to do in dust and ashes] " The tears more than smile at the handsome also filled Charlie Mowbray's large boy's wrath. ! ——

424 .i

I 'h. llic thrilling iiUcri'st ^vhkll ported that for two days an unu--

( nv(*loi)0(l t!u' Imly city. Calvary I sual heat of atmosphere has beei':f i!alvary! Avas that indeed the spot. observed, increasing every mo- upon Avhich the son of (xod made ment, and on the second day, ther tlie great atonement for the race fu'st observed the cr(,)ss of light created in the image of his Father, suspended over Calvary. The lieat and wlio had fallen to so fearful a l)ecoming intolei'able, they now" de]ith, tVoni so high an estate! began to lly, and not a living soul Calvary! Calvary! He conde- was at ]u-esent left within tlu- sc(Mided to become our elder Broth- walls of the cross-illumined city_

k-r —the son of our Father, (rod .VU the momitain ' tops around" and suffered the agonies of cruci- were crowded with s])ectators, wh< '^ fixion, to redeem us from our sins, gazed almost breathlessly at the Tie sinless. The crucitixiou ! —with solemn, and beautiful scene. Tin-

the I'ace, whose tiendish hatred is no Hames Avere pei'ceptible. the • exhausting itself against him. work of combustion Avas evidently Such love, such purity, such dig- going on, for from the intense nit\% such glory^human language Avhiteness avc haA'e sometimes seei.o tails in this great tlieme. There metals assume in a furnace, they too is the Moimt of Olives, from liegan to totter— to tall—to crum-- whose pictures(]^ue sunnuit this our )>le as silently :is the ashes from a glorious Christ, having com])leted gloAving coal;—and soon every ves- - liis work of Redemption, rises to tige of walls and buildings disap-- his Father in lieaven. There is peared, Init still tlie eartli beneath (liethsemane —there the Mount of seemed ail agloAV with Iturninu

Zion—Jerusalem ! J erusalem light. And all up the surrounding It being too late to enter the mountain sides, the pure, white city that evening, the tents were gloAving heat spread. t:onsumiim pitched in a grove near by, and every A'estige of vegetation, disin- the party spent the night here. tegrating CA'ery stone, until it The next morning at breakfast. seemed to melt, or sink into thu Sarah related a singular dream earth, and still the vivid cross. which she had liad during the kept niotioiilessly its toAvering jiosi-- iiight. Slie said: tion. AV'hen everything Avas con-

I dreamed that L was still look7 sumed, t!ie light began to decline hig at .Jerusalem, when a cross of gradually, aild sloAvly to fade out. intense white liglit appeared sus- except in the cros.s, which remain- })ended in the air above the hill ed as brilliant as t;ver. Cl(mdv of CalvaiT. It was not lire, but a now began' to gather, and the tor- ])ur(\ intense Avhite light like rents of rain to pour doAvn upou that of the sun, and in the Ibrm the valley, the heat of Avhich caus- of a crt).ss. the outlines of which ed heaA'v A'olumes of steam to ris.ir Were shari)ly dehned. and from in the at'mos]iliere. Tlu' rain con- which emanated so brilliant a light tinued for some time, and when it-- that the sun seemed invisil)le. cea.sed, the eartli boiv tbe dark The inhabitants now liegan to rich hue of virgin soil — the out- ' }

:l!^G

k'ctiHl it for his oratory. 1 di-cani- and the excitement of st'ciuii ,lern- cd that wo iioAV liasteued down to salem for the first time. But I -till' valley, and stood where the must admit,"" he added turnins>' city lately Avas. ^Vc ascended tlie his eyes towards the city • that i£ .hill of Calvary, and looked with was a remarkable dream."' He

: awe up(ni the cn^ss above us. I knew from the langnau:e in which ihen awoke.'" Sarah had told it, that it had mad.' Mr. Benjamin listened to the a dee]) impression iipon her. j'ecital of tins sinyalar dream, witli .Vnd here upon the mount oM'r- his eyes fixed upon his distant and looking the holy city, •'beautiful beloved Jerusalem, as if he listened for situation and the joy of the -r(j a ])rophecy. Alfred Mowbray whole earth, "' emblem of the hea- looked uncomfortable, and yet ven to which we press, Ave take, more serious than was his wont leave of om- Adele St. Manr. sur- ,he took his wife's hand and said rounded with hninii- hearts an^. .Tenderly. tender care. •' My love, your feverish dream was i)rol)ablv caused bv fatigue rilK KM).

A Fi;A

Diiriuj;' the Mexican war. we Cortez and liis followers. th-T ;rcad Mr. Prcscott's charmiii*;- military skfctches of the stout sol- book, the ••Conquest of Mexico.'" dier Bernal Diaz, the fascinating in the country, which he has de- volumes of Don Antonio De Solis, --cribed with all the livini>' truth and the more philosophical Avork '>f the landscape paintw. ])ay by of Don Francisco J. Clavigero. -ilay. we were more and more im- These are the authorities. u])ou pressed, witli tlie a<-curacy and Avhich Mr. Preseott chietly relied life-lilvcnesses of his pictures: in Avriting his celelirated History. 'whctlier wc were wading' through We have not read his book since. .ilie deep sands, among the tangled 1S47. l)ut our imiiression is. that .'.•ha])]>aral of the lirrm ciillicntr. he derives his accounts of battles, inarebing through the goi'geous mainly from Bernal Diaz: tlie ,lVn-ests and enchanted scenery of policy ot the Spanish eam})aigns, the elevati'd plateaus, or gazing and the relations of the Aztecs ti> iVoHi the tal>h' lands upon tlu' the neighboring nations are fur- snow-<'apped summits of Oi-izalja. nislied l)y De Solis: while lie looks the C'olfre. Popocatepetl and Iz- to ( 'lavigei'o for information in I'e- raccihuatl. The gl<->wing imagina- gard to tlie antiipiitii's, origin, re- tion of tlie great Avord-painter ena- ligion, mode of Avorship. manners, bled liim to porti-ay with amazing customs and social ^•haracteristics .fidelity, the luxuriani vegetation. of the Azteci^. Tlascalaus, and oth- ^ tlu' green vail e y . sparkling er numerous nations in that once .streams, barren salt-})]aius. olive- populous region. Clavigia'w i.s es- croAvned hills and sierras of this pecially satisfactory in regard to .region of story and romance. the religion of the Aztecs, Toltecs, Wv were fortunate too, in being and other tribes of aborigines: and able to read in the very places made in thai sulijecl. wc were particu 'Jiislurie li\' (lie liemie deeds iif htrl\- inleresleil. We were struck —

426 ,1 Fragment from Mexicctn Histov!/. [Oct.

with two facts, to one of which, bin doctrine ' of tlie cquaUt}' of we do not remenrber that atten- races. tion has ever been called. 1st. The second thing-, we particu- That the Indians, like the idola- larly noticed, was that the word trous Jews, loved to worship upon teo or teo^t, so nearly identical with " hiojh places.'' Their sacrilicial t/ieo.s the Greek name for God. en- rites were all performed, upon the ters into the names of the deities, liat tops of temples of cal y piedra, of the places of worship and of the which thickly dotted the sui-face orders of priesthood, Avith the Az- of the countrj-. Cortez in a letter tecs, Toltecs, Wotonacs, and all to the Emperor, Charles Y. told the races of .^nahuac. Thus the him that from the altar, crowning goddess of Heaven with the Toto- the height of the pyramid of nacs, Avas Centeoti. Her temple (Jholnla, he could count four hun- Avas on a hill, three miles from the dred turrets, where heathen wor- city

' ])lacecl by the church of our " Lady oministers of God. The High Priest of Cholula." AVhen Ave Avere there, AA^as Mexiro-/fo-huatzin; his tAvo Avomen and children swarmed assistants had the brief name of around selling rosaries, and other Tepan-ffo-huatzin and of Huitzna- objects of religious veneration to hua-feo-huatzin. When our read- the Catholics, or alleged Toltecan ers have satisfactorily pronounced relics. Fragments of ])ottery, of the last name, Ave can give them high polish and exquisite finish, many more compounds of this Avere offered for sale, and Ave were Avord teo or teos. told that the mound Avas full of It is Avell knoAvn that Cortez them. We saAV some i^easants never could have succeeded in con- digging for them and large quan- queriug Montezuma, the Mexican titles Avere disinterred near the King, had he not formed alliances surface. But Ave c-ould not tell, Avith the other tribes, Avho had whether oi- not, these Avere the been oppressed by, or Avere jealous workmanship of the former in- of, the Mexicans. He first made habitants. The city of Cholula, a league offensive and defensive which once contained, as the early Avith the Totonacs, and next Avith chroniclers say, 200,000 inhabit- the Avarlike TIascalans. But the ants, has dAvindled doAvn into a latter, like some other people, Avere little toAvn, peopled by the mon- not converted to union principles, grel race of Spaniards, Indians until after a desperate and bloody and negroes, — a sad illustration of struggle. The "arrogant youth " the degenerac3\ springing out of Xicocentatl their leader having the practical working of th^ Jaco- failed to conquer the Spaniards by —

1866. .i Fragment from. Mexican Historii. 42T

day, was told by oracles to attack lates to a former Avar between the them at night,- when their God Mexicans and tjle Tlascalans. would be unable to protect them. 'The arms of the Senate had Cortez discovered his plan, and so been successful for the first tAvo signally frustrated it that the years of the Avar. The Mexicans Tlascalans ^vere glad to make had been driven Itack cA'eryAvhere. peace. and it Avas thought that the Capi- Ever afterwards, they hiade tal itself Avould have been caji- faithful and true allies *to their tured, but for some boats of Avar. conquerors, and when the Span- Avhich Montezuma had placed up- iards were driven out of the City on Lake Tezcuco and Lake Chal- 'of Mexico on that night of disaster, co. Btit the great Avealth of th(> which is still called in their his- king enabled him to hire manj- tory, ?(oc/i.e triste (sad night,) the auxiliaries, the Cholutecans, the Tlascafelis received them into their Tezcocans, the Nauthlecans, the (•ity. Before they reached their Iztapalapans, and the Otomies, a place of refuge, however, they . nation, saj'S De Soils, ' barbarous were compelled to give battle to CA'en among barbarians."' The the Mexicans at Otompan, and tide of Avar noAV turned. The ar- there the Tlascalans ': fought like mies of Montezuma SAvept almost lions,-' says Bernal Diaz, for thpir Avithout resistance over the coun- new allies and "late enemies." try. The Otomies, sometimes call- But for the timely assistance thus ed the Bummercatls, Avere let loose given, Cortez and all his followers to raA'age, burn, and desolate the must certainly have perished. fair country of Tiascala. It Avas The government of Tiascala was as tln> garden of the Lord l)efor(^ a pure aristocracy— all power rest- them, and a Avaste, hoAvling Avil- ing in a Senate composed of heredi- derness behirul them. The Senate tary nobles. This Senate had been remoA'ed, for safety, the A'ast num- hostile to Montezuma and fearful ^' bers of prisoners they held, to thi- (»f his growing power. tierra calliente (hof'counti-y) Avhere Cortez had Avishcd to conciliate 'the close conhneniLnt, vile Avater them, and widen the breach be- and unhealthy climate killed many tween them and Montezuma. He of them. Strict orders were given had accordingly sent four embas- to feed them just as the Tlascalan sadors, with words of cunning, as soldiers Avere fed. But now the kindness in their mouths. well as of country, ravaged by the liummer- One of the most graphic and elo- catls, atibrded but little nourish- (luent chapters of De Soils is devo- ing food, and this added to the suf- ted to this interview. The Span- fering, and death of the Mexican embassadors failed, as we have ish prisoners. The Senate of Tiascala seen, to propitiate the Tlascalans. pitying their sufi'ering, offered to The brave Indians rejected all give them all up to Montezinna. overtures of alliance against those Avithout exchange. But he refused of their own color, until they Avere to receiA'c them. beaten in the field. But like all Finally, the brave Tlascalans true soldiers, they were faithful to overpoAvered and sued for the new obligations forced \ipon were recovered the them by the fortunes of war. peace. Montezuma men Avho had been" in prison, and But it is not our design to follow their head jailer the authorities, which Mr. Pres- Avith them he took Wirzcoatl. In great Avrath, the cott has so skillfully used. We the jailer before propose to make an extract from King summoned him. an author, whom we imagine lie

' never read, viz: Don Bernal Diaz Montezuma. AV retch ! you car- De Fabuloso. The fragment re- ried niA' soldiers to an unhealthv — ! '

t-JS ,Sr)7(y).s. I'Oct.

])hicr. wlicrr llioii^anils (if tliciu tc) i;ive voii up ulL^j^iir moii, eviM'i (ilofl." witlioiU (xcl);uiU(Tn;)ut ymi \v

.lailcr. Diratl Sovcrri^nl ii not hike. them. n';is M\o

Monticzuuia. • VVIiy did you Avantcd to .^et rid of my men. tliat lake iluMU to a safe place? ''J^vas you nuuht have I'ood enouijli left tlie \-ery lliinD,- I did not ;visli you for your Liaiuit. and hun^i'y sol- lo do. \'i]iain! you ai'e tlie iruir- diers. iti order lo streii^tlicu uiuil ilei'er'of my soldiers.' encourage thehi to riyhtme, fistliey .laifcci-. '(Jreat Kim;I mv i^nv- did three and four years a^'o, whei»% (.I'linient bid' foil oAved your exam- ihey were sleek and fat. By this,' pie. Von i)la(U'd Tlascalan sol- 1 know that you deserve to die.— diers oil an Island in Tezcueo. and llo. Liuai'ds! aMay with liim.- amoiii;' the bleak sierras, where Taki' him to the top of the Teoealli Uu'Y froze to death every iiii.']it. in tlu'«:reat squari'. beat his br.iiiis Yoni' own otlieers state that '2)1.- out on thi' sacritieial stone in the •">(HI Mexican ])risoni'rs died (.uit, of sii;ht of all the ])t'0})le. the "JOIJ)!)!!, whom 'we held, that is. .\way with himi one out of evei-y eleven : while "JC).- And you Chief Vriestl see toil ."lOd Tlascalans pei'ished. out of the that the i;j,reat drums ai'e beat from •JOO.OOO you held, that is one out all the Teocallis in my kingdom, of every seven and a lialf. (treat ihe nmment the wretch f'X[)ires, Kiiiii'I The Tlascalan jtrisoners snuunouiii^ all my pious .subjects were worse treated than the .Mexi- to return thanks to Teocatl ((lod- cau i)fisoners." dess of darkness) that Mexico

.Montezuma. • .MonsiiM-I you has been avenLi'eil upt)n her »'ne- "' lialf starved my men." mies."

.lailer. 'Mighty .Monarch! I lien- llie tVaLinieiil of liistoi-y led them as our own soldiers were ends. ^ \'v(\. Vonr LJummercatls had so .Moral. Never be head Jailer to desolated Tlascala that little food' the weaker party. .Mas! poor was left in ii. ( )nr Senate olfered W'ir/.coal 1

\' (ii'.Mis AMI Till'; I )()\i i>iii ( . i; A r TAX'S i;\ i;i; A-riox kok

Ti Ks.^- .Mo(H'e laid it down as a old TitKi;s. He loxcd okPtrees, rule. I bat ucnius ami domestic liap" and used I o >ay : ••Ne\t'r cut down jjiness were incompatible \vitli. a I ree foi- fasiuon's sake. The tree and excluded, each other. ( )ne lias lis roots iti the eaith. whih- day. when he a>ke(l in Words- rashion has not." A favorite, old worth's proeiice. ifsncb was not ireesiood near the honso at Tin- neccs^arilx the case, the liimvc neliiudi. A IViend of (irattan's.

poet

py because t hey ha \ c n'eniits. bin AN'by so":'" said ( ;ratli\n. •'Be-'

lieca iisr t hey ha\i' no! enough u'cii- cause it stands in the way of tlie ins: a mind and sentiments ol a house." (irallan. ••"\'ou mistake;

biulier order would rendei' them it is the luuise that stands in Uiv. capalile of seeing and feeliiii; all way of it. and ifeither comesdown, the beauty of tlu> domestic lies." lei it lu' the hou.se.'"— <^'('r9v>i',s

- Fi'<>]il (Oiniln/ (if III. ^Sl.-i (r/irs III' lln I ri.^fi /t(.i,-. — —

1866.] Wheat Culture. 429 ^ WHEAT CULTURE.

The agriculturist is more unrea- that of applying the fertilizer sonable in his expectations of to the land. The merchant "gathering where he hath not thinks he is doing a good business strewn " than almost any other if he realizes twenty per cent. man. He regards the soil as a But here is a gain of a hundred producer only, and seems to for- per cent. And this is far from get entirely that it is also a con- being mere theory. In England sumer. The dairyman does not it is the constant, annual practice^ expect his cows to yield milk farming there is a fast money ma- without food—the merchant does king business. not expect a profit more than Wheat is the most important in proportion to the capital in- crop to man. In this country, the vested. But the farmer relying usual practice is to sow it broad- upon the generous earth, expects cast, allow the weeds and bushes her to yield her increase year to rob it of half its nutriment after year without bestowing a give it no attention until it is ready dollar upon the food, without to cut, and then exclaim with lu- which she must necessarily become gubrious countenances "my wheat exhausted. " But^' says the far- is a failure!" mer, " I invested in land as the In England, every farmer con- merchant invests in goods, and my siders himself unacquainted with land should yield me an annual pro- his business until he finds out fit, without farther investment." what fertilizers his soil requires, Ko, my friend, you invested in and when this knowledge is ac- land, as the merchant invested in quired, his way is clear. " Every a store-house, and as he fills his shilling I spend is that much store-house, as fast as his supplies gain " and he applies lime, guano, are exhausted, so should you sup- gypsum or the phosphates with ply to your lands ingredients which no niggard hand. "When his land form crops, as fast as they are is ready, he does not sow the pre- consumed by the growing grain, cious seed—some thick—some thin cotton or tobacco. If the custom- —some too deeply covered and ers of the merchant fail to find some not covered at all. A well his shelves replenished, and call made drill puts each grain in its for this article and that article proper place, at its proper depth, without finding it, they desert him and covers all securely. "When for some better establishment. the dark green rows appear, no So the crops of the farmer, if their weeds are allowed to retard their demand for this and that ingredi- rapid growth, they are hoed at ent in his soil is not supplied, fail least twice, and at harvest, the to grow, and both merchant and hale and rosy English farmers, in farmer fail in business. spite of having to pay $10 per Your land, in its present state month for laborers, and what will yield, say, six bushels of would appear to us fabulous rents, wheat per acre (,112 per acre) smile and say, "Farming is a and if by spending $10 per acre to most profitable business, if well fertilize it, you can raise sixteen followed." bushels per acre, you will thereby And this difference is simply ow- have a gain of $20 per acre, ing to English energy, Englisli with no additional labor except thrift and English science. VOL. I. —NO. VI. .30 — —

430 Wheat Cki.Uure. [Oct.

We Avill now consider in detail certainty, at least, as he does, a their method of culture—manu- profitable return. Even if our far- ring, drilling, weeding and hoeing. mers had to pay sii^'rents as they 1st. Applying fertilizers. "The do in England, this would not be more money you put into your a losing business. soil the more you get out of it " 2nd. Drilling instead of broad- is an English adage and a golden cast sowing. A drilling machine one. But this money must be costs about By using it, a put in with some sense and judg- S60. half bushel of seed is saved to the ment. The merchant who fills acre. In a hundred acres, his store house with goods not you therefore save $100 in seed alone. suited to the market, proves him- Two horses drill about seven acre* self unacquainted with his busi- a day, and here is an important ness, and the goods are left upoii gain, for the drill does the whole his hands, a dead loss. You would work of sowing and covering.- then think him a very foolish per- But the most important gain Ls son to conclude therefore that the increased product of the grain. merchandizing did not pay, and The farmers of Yates Co., N. Y., give up the busincf^s. You would say that on an average the drilled say rather " profit by your experi- wheat yields 40 per cfc. more than ence, study the wants of your the broadcast. (Country Gent, customeis, and then see if it will not pav." vol. 9, No. 15.) This- great dif- ference however, is not so percep- So we say to the farmer, as- tible, in the spring sown grain. certain what your soil requires The great advantage of ytJacing if you make a mistake, profit by grain at the proper depth, an& your experience— stu^dy your soil, proper distance apart is shown by study your business. What would the following experiment. "Last be thought of a manufacturer who season, I planted five oat seede understood nothing about his ma- about foiu' or five inches apart, chinery—you would think his ma- and one inch deep, in good soil. chinery might play tlie wild with Without farther attention, they him. It IS th .' business of the yielded sixty seven stalks, avera- farmer to understand tlie charac- ging from eighty to one hundred ter and requirements of his soil, oats to each head—being over ten and as soon as this knowledge is hvndredfold, instead of only from acquired, to act upon it with a will. to Baugh's Rawbone Phosphate thirty forty fold, the ordinary yield. I know of no reason why can be procured at less than §50 a whole field would not produce per ton, if taken in quan'jitiee of at the same rate, if planted nn ten tons and over. properly." You are probably going to sow one hundred acres in wheat. As 3rd. Weeding and hoeing. In your land may, in itsprcsL'ut state, England, one man with a group yield six bushels per acre, we will of children, armed with weeding consider your crop worth S1200. forks, goes over the crop and If by applying a quarter of a ton eradicates every weed. The crop of phosphate per acre, you can is hoed —usually hand-hoed twice, bring your field to 3'ield sixteen but in the celebrated Lois Weedou bushels per acre, you will for an system, the culture is deeper and outlay of S1250, make $2000. more thorough. This mode of You consider ^1250 a heavy out- culture has been so successful a,nd lay for manures. Your merchant attracted so much attention that fri( nd would not consider it a we give the following account of heavy outlay for goods, liowever; it from The American Fan-^ner, pub- and you may expect, with as much lished at Baltimore. ' 3 o fro

1866. j The Haversack. 431

" The pian adopted by Rev. S. Smith, conversion of the dormant matter at Lois Weedon, of iu Nortliainptonsliire, the soil into an active condition, whilst is to divile the fl«id into lands five feet at the same time, ami under the sam© wide. In tlie ceffti-e oftliese lands, tlio agency, the soil fjeds u])on the niin . wlieatis dibbled at tlie rate of two pecks genized matter of the almosphcre, and per acre in three rows, one foot apai-t, secretes a store of food for the growth thus leavioR- a space of three feet in of the succeeding crop." width unoccupiefl. When the plant is up stronst, the whole of the land is dug To give some id: a of the En2;lish with a forlc and allowed to lie rou} annually to to arise from tlie land being too loose, his the Crosskill roller is used before the laborers, making an annual ex- ground is sown, and also in the following penditure of $;1J,000, or about .'B25 spring. Ill this maiinei- one-half of the groimd is occupied in producing wheat, per acre. Wh?n our Southern whi-ist the remaining half is under pre- farmers learn to farm in this 1 )rd!y paration for the next year's crop. Un- style, they may expect Mr. der this system the produce of this Hud- land (not worth 30 shillin<^s per acre,) son's lordly returns. has been raised from IG to 40 bushels per acre.—The crops from 1347 to 1853 Every Imndred acres should inclusive, averaged St bushels; the crop have ^^2500 judiciously spent upon ot VM produced 3> Ijusoels; the crop of 1851 equalled 43 'msh ds; and thus the it, and this $-2 )IK) is noJ ju.li.'ious'y land, iaistead of showing any sign of spent, if it do;s not yield you at exhaustion, gives pi-oof"of increasing least 25 per cent. fertility.—The question naturally ari- ses. To source what are we to 'traoe There is no rjason why farming those anomalous circumstances, that with the repeated removal of these should not be the m sst prolitible, crops, without any compensation by the safest, the nnst independent, manure, the soil advances in fiii-tilityl It can bo referred to no other causes and the most agrjcabie business- than those 1 have already named—the iu the world.

THE IIAYERSACK.

The Southern soldiers had but ends " though possessing the learn- little reverence for the clergy, who ing of the Doctors of th j S">rb')nne, visited them wdien comfortably or the eloquence of the D. Ds. of quartered in some safe place, but Protestantism. were not to be seen in time of dan- An anecdote or two will illus- ger and privation. Such a man trate the feeling of the soldiers to- as the chaplain of the 23d N. C. Avards their,/?.// ng visitors. E-egt. who trudged alon^^ on foot A distinguislxed clergyman came in the mud or dust, or sucli an one to preach tp —— brigade, when as the chaplain of the — th S. C. the enemy was "all quiet along Regiment, who remained with his the Potomac" after a pretty sound charge amid the heat, stench and drubbing. Some one had made carnage of Battery Wagner, him a present of rert' chjesi and would command their love and crackers^, the spoils of S')m3 U. S. respect, while they had but little sutler's wagon, which he was qui- regard for the " occasional rever- etly enjoying by the road side^ —

432 The Haversack. [Oct while the troops were marching hind a bank, but even here their past. It was not long before the sorrows were not over. For an rebel sharp-shooters opened fire empty flour-barrel "happened to be upon him, "I say, Jim, it's the near and a mischievous Alabama rale artic-cle." " I wonder if the boy struck it, with the butt of Parson's in the blockade-running his gun. The startled fugitives business." "Mister, I'll whistle thought a shell had exploded by Yaukee-doodle for you, if you'll them, and once more took to their gin me a smell of that thar Yankee heels, cheered on by the shout cheese." "I haint had nothing "run big preach, little preach to eat in three days, please sir let will catch you." me have a slice of that crumb on your whiskers." Absorbed in his A quartermaster sends us the pleasant duty and perhaps in his following anecdote of the hero of meditations, the reverend gentle- many a hard fight and many a man had not heard at first the tough joke. " Gen'l Jubal A. pattering shot around him. But Early had a great prejudice against when he became conscious that he quartermasters. I had often tried was the target for all this desul- in vain to propitiate him. The tory fire, he began to beat a retreat. orders on the night of the evacua- Just then a long legged, and gaunt tion of CentreviUe was to burn all specimen of rebeldom stepped up unnecessary baggage and let the to him, took off his old slouch hat, wagons go light. My Colonel had made him the most horribly awk- heroically sacrificed all his articles ward bow and said, " not an}^ for of luxury and comfort even. But me, thank you kindly, parson, you I resolved to store awa}^ some bot- are powerful good, but that thar tles and delicacies in an enormous cheese would be too excitin' to my chest, I had. I was busily en-

feelins." , gaged in this laudable enterprise, when Gen. Jubal rode up. ' What When Meade advanced upon are you doing with that box?' ' I Lee at Mine Kun, two of the " oc- keep my regimental papers in it.' casionals " were on a visit to the ' Are you the quartermaster of the incorrigible jokers of Eode's old army that you need such a box?' Brigade. One was very long, and ' Ko General, I am quartermaster the other very short, but both of the —th K". C. Kegt.' ' I have were very desirous to see how a a great mind to have you put in battle was managed. They accor- your big box and both thrown into dingly pressed forward to the the fire.' He rode off and I saved front, where the artillery was com- my box. Sometime after, I hap- ing into battery. Everything was pened to be near him on a raw, new to them, their curiosity was bleak night, when he seemed to be unbounded and their satisfaction nearly frozen with cold. I ap- equally so, at all they saw and proached him with some dread, heard. But alas! it was a short- and offered him the hospitality of lived pleasure; a puff of smoke my bottle. He was not offended arose just opposite them, a shriek- and examined the contents search- ing shell whirled past, then anoth- ingly. At length he said, 'Captain er and another. That was a part did you burn that big box at Cen- of the programme, they had not treviUe?' 'No, General, I saved

' calculated upon. They hesitated it. ' Was this bottle in that big- a few moments, and then ran to box. Captain?' 'Yes General.' the rear like quarter nags, amidst ' Captain, I am glad that you did the loud cries of " run, big preach, not burn that big box!' And 1 little preach will catch you." was glad you may be sure that I They ensconced themselves be- got off so well." —

1866. The Haversack. 483

A soldier sends a tribute to .a pian, Avas one of the guard selected brotlier soldier and we use his own because of the uniform propriety words. "At the battle of AVil- of his conduct. KnoAving that liamsburg, May 5th, 1862, the there were some A'ery pretty girls 14th N. C. Troops Avere Ijdng down in the house, he had dressed him- behind felled timber in front of self up in his best clothes, and Fort Magruder, having driven Avith sabre draAvn Avas pacing up back the first advance of Han- and doAvn on his sentry post, in cock's troops. all the conscious pride of being a Many dead and wounded Yan- protector to fair ladies, a well- kees were lying in close proximity dressed soldier and a fine looking to our lines, and the moans of the man. But his happiness Avas not wounded were truly heart-rend- to last forever. A pond of water ing. The enemy, however, was Avas near the house, at Avhich the peppering away at long range and troopers watered their horses.— it was almost certain death to Private R. Avho Avas believed to raise one's head above the timber. have stolen the chickens, rode up A Yankee was heard crying out to the pond, aiid seeing the evi- ' water, water, friend or foe, wa- dent enjoyment of L. cried out ter. ' Private Beck of the 14th I>[. loud enough to be heard by the C. jumped up, and spite of the girls. " So j'ou have been caught remonstrances oi friends, and the at your tricks at last, and Colonel orders of officers, walked a dis- Martin has put you on guard ,t@ tance of 50 yards, and gave the punish you, I told jon to let the sufferer his canteen, and returned chickens alone, but you Avould not unhurt, though exposed to a fire mind me," and then putting spurs from the fronl; and rear. He said to his horse, dashed off before the that the ' God bless you ' of the bcAvildered sentinel could deny the wounded man paid him for all charge. his risk." The sole surviA^or of the inci- "While the Jeff. Davis Legion of dent gives us the folloAving. "Pre- cavalry, belonging to Hampton's vious engagements had so thinned brigade, was encamped on the Ya. out the line officers of the 1st IST. Central Kail Road in 1862, a \n\(\ C. Infantry (State Troops) that at trooper more fond of ducks and the battle of Malvern Hill, compa- chickens than of military duty, nies C and E of the regiment Avere went out foraging among the coops both under command of one sub- of a farmer, whose house stood altern, a second Lieutenant. Com- near the camp of the Legion. The pany C Avas our color company, next morning, the good man of and when we moved into action, the house came over to the tent of five corporals, the remnant of the Colonel Martin, complained bit- old color guard, marched Avith terly of the outrage and asked our fiag. for a guard. Colonel Martin di- Our attack Avas made up the rected a guard to be sent with face of a steep hill, and tlirough strict orders, to Avatch the feathery the yard and garden of a parson- treasures, by day and night. A age. The fire of the enemy both common punishment in our regi- Avith artillery and small arms Avas ment Avas putting ofienders on ex- exceedingly heavy, and upon our im-guard duty. But on this oc- gaining the crest of the hill, its ef- casion, the most exemplary men fect was too scA'cre to be endured. were chosen to perform the deli- We did not fall back, hoAvever, but cate task of protecting the poultry rushed forAvard to the road be- against midnight marauders. yond, Avhich had l^een worn doAvn Young L., a handsome Mississip- so as to aftbrd a very fair cover to " ——; . '

-^m Tim Hoxen'sack. [Oct.

the troops in line of battle. The him with his sabre and said in the distance to the road from the top most respectful manner, " I have of the hill was not more than 75 been ordered by General Y— to

.. yards. But during the time we guard this persimmon tree until were making this short run, corpo- General G— should come up, and ral Latham was shot dead with then turn it over to him for the the colors in ! ' his hands; Lanier use of his brigade ' The sergeant "took them and instantly fell mor- made good his escape; but twas a -tally wounded; Wiggings seized long time before the practical joke them and had his knee shattered was forgiven bj General G— Herrinw took his place, but to fall also with a wound through the A friend from Texas gives us body. Finally, corporal Calvin ,the following. Jones took the flag and held it Any one, who spent the winter while life lasted. He was a fair, of 1862 and 63, in Camp Douglass delicate boy of 16 from the county will remember a poor insane priso- of New Hanover. A ball shatter- ner from Kentucky, who used to ed his arm. I said 'go to the roam about the camp and haunt rear and give me the flag.' 'Oh, the stores of the sutlers. This no sir! I can carry it yet!' The poor fellow had an insatiable ap- 'One arm does double duty. Anoth- petite, rendered ten-fold more •er shot mangles his girl-like face. keen by his slender rations; and * Let go, I can hold ityetP Anoth- many a time Avere we awakened •er ball pierces his noble breast. at night, by the awkAvard attempts 'Take it, Lieutenant, I can carry of the lunatic to steal our rations.

. it no farther I ' His oflicer, with the It was the design of his messmates assistance of Evan Atkinson and to get him exchanged and carry George Lumsden (both of whom him back to Tennessee and from have been since killed) laid the thence send him to his home, brave boy behind a bank safe from wiiich Awas in the enemy's lines. farther mutilation, Avh'ere as noble But when we were exchanged, at .a soul was breathed out as ever Petersburg and stopped for a few .animated mortal mould. days at the "Model Farm, " it came to the ears of the commandant of Two gallant cavalry gcnei:als, the post that there "was a lunatic a friend tells us, were in the habit among the paroled prisoners. So of joking each other about the he sent out a Surgeon to examine -poverty of their respective States. the unfortunate man, to see wheth- General G — of N. C was accus- er he was a lit subject for the in- tomed to taunt General Y— of sane asylum. The Iventuckians Georgia vv'ith the whortle-bcrry were very desirous to carry the proclivities of his people. The }K)or fellow with them and did all other would retort by alleging that they could to deceive the Sur- that the "tar-heels" lived" on geon ; so that after a long and rigid persimmons. These Jokes never examination, he was at a loss to alienated the heroic brothers in decide as to the man's insanity. anns, but their mutual good feel- Finally, turning to the group look- ing came near being broken oft" on ing on and anxious to know the one occasion. As General G result, he asked impatiently, "is •was putting his brigade into camp, the man rational or not?" " Yes he observed a squad of men drawn Doctor " replied one, " I would up under a persimmon tree near call him ver}'- i-a(tonal, very ra- the spot, which he had chosen for tional indeed, he not only eats his his own tent. " Who are you and oAvn rations, but the rations of the >what are youdoingV" asked Gene- whole mess whenever he has a

•sral G— . The sergeant saluted chance to steal them.' The rQars — —

1866. The Hai^m'sack. 435 ^>: 6|%ughtei' which followed, so put oft' his left hand. The lady wa,s oii't the Surgeon that he left us in- his tender and devoted nurse, contineiitl}^ and we went on our through all those weary months way rejoicing with our ration&l of suffering and confinement. mess-mate. When he began to convalesce, he said to her, ' I am a cripple and The same friend sends us a must be helpless all my life. It touching tale of true affection. would be selfish in me to ask you "Major B. had command of a to throw away yourself on such a battalion of Texas cavalry, well- wreck as lam.' ' liTo,' said she, known to the people of that State ' you did not desert me in my dis- for its deeds of daring among the tress and poverty. Ifothing but snow-capped mountains of Kew- death shall ever part us again.' live in village of Mexieo and the swamps of Loui- They now the , siana. While serving in Louisiana, in Texas, affording a beauti- previous to the first raid of Banks ful example of devoted happiness on the Eed Kiver Yalley, he fell and of the reward attending true in love with a sweet girl, proposed nobleness of soul." and was accepted in due ibrm. But just at this juncture, Bank's We give up the remaining space column came along carrjdng ruin ui the Haversack, to the good and desolation in their track. things presented by a young lady Our forces fell back into the inte- of Louisiana, and will not spoil rior, but the fair young girl re- them by any condiments of our mained with her mother on the own. plantation. When the Federal ' 'Emmett McDonald, one of Mis- Army retreated to Brashear City, souri's bravest sons, passing the Confederates were close upon through our village on his way to their heels, and of course, one of Hartville— 'ill fated field'—stopped

the iirst acts of the enamored Ma- a few moments imder a tree ; seve- jor was to call upon his promised ral ladies went out to speak to "bride. Her mother ha^^ been ruin- him. One said to him 'Colonel ed by the raid, the negroes had McDonald, you must not be too all been carried off, stock all killed brave. We cannot aflbrd to lose or taken away, everj- thing of you yet.' ' Madam,' said he, tak- value about tlie plantation had ing off" his broad brimmed hat and been burned or destroyed. The looking axound him with a smile, young lady met her lover and I can never forget, ' Missouri is said, ' when I engaged myself to my home. I am fighting for Mis- you. I was the owner of thou- souri; if I die, let me die on her sands, to-day, I am penniless. It soil, happy if my blood be a part is not right to hold you to your of her ransom. ' In less than two pledge under these circumstances, days—he was dead.

' occasion, that of you are free.' ISTo, ' replied the On the same Major, ' I love you and not your Marmaduke's raid into Missouri, property. You are dearer to me Jan. 8th, 186— . I was standing at now than ever.' Some months the door about 2 o'clock in the afterwards, the noble Major, fell morning, watching the troops go •desperately wounded, Avhile brave- by. Seeing the flag bearer stop a ly fighting at the head of his bat- little way from the door, I called talion in the battle of Eordoehe. out ' please sir stop and let us see He lingered long in the Hospital, the flag ' —as I \ms spending the but was finally able to come out night "some distance from homo —a wreck of his former self. His with some other young ladies, right arm had been amputated, equally anxious with myself to and three fineers had been taken look upon the -Bars and Stars.' — —

436 The Haversack. [Oct.

' If you are good rebels you may lov: like a gentleman, as the worstk —if not, you shall not. I know punishment they could inflict up- one little rebel lady in this town I on him.' would be glad to see, and thank her for her kindness to me once. Two dazzlingly dressed 3roung Miss E is her name.' I officers wearing the "true blue'' was pleased of course, but said came one day for me to plaj' for nothing. The lamp Avas brought them, which I did ^vith as good a out that he might see Avhether we grace as might be. After I had were '• rebs " or not. • On our finished, one of them with a very mutual look at each other, I gallant bow and smile said 'I am was delighted to find in him, a surprised and sorry that so good soldier I had once aided to escape and pleasant a lady should espouse from prison. I was made ac- so bad a cause.' 'Ah, I replied, quainted with his Captain, who 'Shakespeare says 'there's noth- told me the flag was presented to ing either good or bad, but think-

him by the ladies of Little Rock, ing makes it so. ' Looking rath- and he added, ' I shall live or die er perplexed he says at last 'Shake-

as God may Avill it—but I shall speare—alij.! yes ! he is one of our

never leave my flag. ' He fell the Yirginia generals'!! The bard next day at Springfield. would have risen from his grave at such an accusation (that is [fhe During the war, our house was had heard it) spite of his maledic- seized for Head Qrs. at differ- tion on whoever should move his ent times—and ourselves obliged sacred bones. to leave it. Xot satisfied with this—rooms were seized for dif- One day, a larik visaged speci- ferent purposes in the one in which men of the genus homo, came in we took refuge, generally the wearing an old cloth coat much too " brave and patriotic defenders of short in the waist and sleeves with ur Union " were camped in the the brass labels from ofi" sardines yard, and all around us. boxes!! on his shoulders to designate his position in the 'State militia.' I remember many amusing in- Handing; me a large envelope bear- ci dents—among the many, which ing a ver}' -red tape appearance, w ere very otherwise. There was he said in a voice of a very loud talking captain, who Linked sweetness long drawn out, used to annoy us very much. He 'Miss, there's my commision, I was, a ' Massachusetts man,' and come to git 3'ou to read it fur me. had the j^ZeasrtHi qualities of mind Them Dutch letters is ruther too and person and manner, which much fur me, I haint got no book- usually characterize the natives larnin no how, though I have got of the 'Hub of the Universe' to be one uv Uncle Sam's ossifers.' 'the Athens of America.' One I read his commission: at its close day, he had annoyed my little sis- he said reflectivel}', 'Dad used to ter very much bj^ ridiculing the say Elic, you aint never goiu to way our soldiers dressed. Seeing be no account. I wonder what he her red face and flashing eyes, he thinks now that I've got a shore st epped up before her and said enough letter from the Governor. — 'Well, little miss, if the gray Some of the boys said he'd spelt CO ats were to get me and ask you my name Avrong. Elic's my name w hat they must do to me, what —Elic Sander. Sander\s my mid- fa te might I anticipate?' Look- dle name.' I said 'well it's all in g at him with—great scorn, and right—Alex is only an abreviation di gnity she said 'well. Captain F. of 5-our name.; ' What in thunder I' tell d them to treat the poor fel- is ' a.-abreviation?'' I explained. !

1866.1 The Haversack. 437 4

' 'Tfaas, ' said he, but I dont like it told his wife to ask his nearest begining with A. I hate that neighbor's boys to cut wood f(5rher,.*^ letter worse'n the Avhole row. I giving her instructions to watch had to be mighty nigh beat to them, and if they reported the death 'fore I larnt it. " This same guns to the advancing rebs, tell hero after awhile went to a store him of it. One of the boys fell to get some shoulder straps. — into the trap. Captain Iv. return- The clerk covered the counter ed in the night after the retreat of with the glittering composition of the 'rebs,' went to the home ' Bullion ' & velvet. ' Elic ' was of the boy (a brat ten years old) amazed and delighted; he priced and cfljj(»re(Z the little fellow, took a great many—finding the CoPs him to his house—locked him up straps with the eagle on them, to imder guard—gave him no break- be but one dollar higher than some fast. ^Text day went to the moth- others, he bawled out ' darn a er, a very old lady—told her if she dollar, who cares for a dollar! did not pay him i<50. 00 the alleged Gim me them with a hen on em!' price of the guns—he would hang

Proud bird of the free ! what a fall the boy to the nearest tree—but was there! • ^ the lady assured him she had no

idea of paying for articles ' con- A captain in the militia, who traband of Avar '—and getting her was somewhat Avont to sacrifice horse declared she Avould immedi- at . the shrine of Bacchus, one ately report him at District Hd. day getting intd a quarrel Avith a Qrs.", 18 miles off. He finally after felloAV officer, took Avith great pa- terrible threats—released the boy tience all opprobrious epithets the —having kept him about 20 hours, factitious eloquence of his friend tvith nothing to cat—a solitary could supply—but on being taxed prisoner. Avith cheating at cards, he broke doAAm. 'Sam' said he, 'I'd ruther An officer one day having step- you'd not 'a said anything about ped into a " rebel house " to get that; I could stand you to call me something to eat, began to boast a rogue and a liar, but Itl ruther ' of his bravery in a certain skir- l)e stuck full of pine splinters and mish—in a manner Avhicli made /ho'h^ at a'siaA'c than to liaA-e my our rebel blood boil—says he, honor impeached' ! ' Ave peppered the coAvardly ras- cals severelj' though they Avould An officer high in the enviable only fight from the brush. I Avas honors of State uoaa--—AAdiose am- riding right into them Avhen a bul- ' ' little bition during his military career let struck me. ' Yes said a Avas to Avin the reputation of being quiet lady Avith the utmost sang — that one of Avithout mercy—in Avhich he sue- froid ' Ave heard ceeded—once on the occasion of a 'the lieutenants in Co. B. had all retreat from our place, hid tAvo his Ijrains shot out.'' "^ old guns under a Avoodpile; then — —

438 yPVeno/i Tr&Mme%it of Bebels. [Oct.

FRENCH TREATMENT OF K.EBEI/8.

The President has been blamed parte was exiled to Elba, the Em- by the Jacobins, for his " leniency peror Alexander entered Paris, and and courtesy to traitors.-' He has Louis XVIII was placed upon the been denounced, for being in throne of his ancestors. It may " league TTith rebels," because he be well supposed, that the allies is not disposed to disfranchise would be exasperated by repeated them and confiscate their proper- defeats, and the ravaging of their ty. It has even been asserted, respective countries. It may be with the utmost confidence, that well supposed that Louis XVIII no rebellion has ever been so ten- would be exasperated by the mur- derly dealt with. This shows a der of his relative, and the rebel- remarkable ignorance of history; lion against a legitimate line of and we propose to call attention kings. 3^or would it surprise us, to a few facts, connected with the to sfee this ill-feeling specially suppression of the French rebel- manifested towards the Army, lion against the line of the Bour- which had wrought all the mis- bon Kings. chief. Now what are the facts ? The French Revolution was a The Count D'Artois (afterwards bona fide rebellion, against legally Charles X) entered Paris on the constituted authority, a revolt 14th April, 1814, in advance of against a race of illustrious sove- the new king and as his rep- reigns. A legitimate monarch was resentative. Marshall Ney, as deposed, imprisoned, and behead- the representative of the rebel ed. The whole order of society army, met him and thus ad- was upturned. The most vindic- dressed hhn " Monseigneur, we, tive hatred was manifested to- have served with zeal a goy- wards everything venerable for its ernment, which commanded us antiquity, 'and distinguished for name of France your in the ; its moral excellence. The Clergy Highness* and His Majesty will and the JSTobility were banished see with what fidelity, we will or executed. Men of fortune and serve our legitimate King." The of letters shared the same fate. Count D'Artois replied '' Mes- All, who were elevated above sieurs, you have illustrated the the mob by their rank, birth, French arms ; you have carried fortune, intelligence or virtue, into countries even the most re- were persecuted with the most mote, the glory of the French

remorseless fury. A military en- name ; the king claims your ex-

thusiasm was born amidst this ploits ; what has ennobled France wild tempest of passion, which can never be strange to him,"

guided and controlled by the (Alison. ) If the President, or any greatest military leader of any of his representatives, has extend- age, carried the terror of the rebel ed greater leniency and courtesy arms to every Capital in Europe, than this to Southern rebels, we and planted the rebel Hag upon have not heard of it. almost all of its strongholds. Af- A Provisional Government was ter the most brilliant triumphs, formed, and a Constitution was and most wonderful victories, du- adopted under the auspices of ring the space of twenty years, the Alexander. A synopsis of this insurgents were put down, by a Constitution, we extract from "the combination of almost all the great narrative of the events, which fol- powers of Christendom. Buona- lowed Buonaparte's camjiaign into ;; —;

1866, J French Treatment of Rebels. 439

Russia."'' This book was written that the liberty of the press is entire, by "William Dunlap and published with the exception of legal repres-

in the loyal and beautiful cit}^ of sion of abuses resulting therefrom : Hartford, Conn., in 1814. that the public debt is guarantied, " That the ancient nobility re- and the sales of national domains

-sume their titles, the new preserve irrevocably maintained ; that iw theirs hereditarily, and the legion of Frenchman shall be prosecuted for

honor be maintained ; that the ex- opinions or voteSy which he has given^ ecutive power is in the king ; that and all are equally admissible to the king, Senate and Legislative civi.1 and, 'military employments:

Body make the laws ; laws may that the existing laws remain in

-originate in the Senate or Legisla- force until legally repealed ; that tive body, but those relative to the present Constitution shall Ik; taxation must originate in the submitted to the acceptance of the

tatter : that the Senate consist of French people. Louis Stanislaus 150 or at most 200, their dignity Xavier shall be proclaimed King hereditar}^, the present Senators to of the French, as soon as he shall remain such, and the remainder of have signed and sworn by an act the number to be named by the stating ' I accept the Constitution;

King ; a Senator must be 21 years I swear to observe it and cause " of age, and all princes of the blood it to be observed.'

are by right Senators ; that the It seems from this, that the rebel deputies of the legislative body, as soldiers were still retained in ser- they were wlicn last adjourned, vice the rebel officers, who had continue until replaced by a ; shall gained patents of nobility for their new election to take place in 1816 : services against their lawful sove- they shall assemble by right on reign, still retained their rank the 1st October of each year ; the they were as little disturbed in tha King convoke extraordinary may quiet possession of the fortunes of the Legislative Body, sessions they had acquired by plunder, as adjourn it, may dissolve it, may Gen. Butler and the Bummers of the latter case, another but in Sherman have been. The French must be formed in at least three rebels, who had won the distinc- months : that no mcrHber of the tion of being enrolled in the legion Senate or Legislative Body can be of honor, could stiU boast of their arrested, but by authority from the prowess in the field. The South- body, to which he belongs ; the trial ern rebels were stripped of all in- of a member of either body belongs signia of rank, and the poor sol- to the Senate : that equality of diers had to cut otF the very but- taxation is a right, and taxes can tons from their coats, though with- only be imposed, by free consent of out a cent of money to buy but- Senate and Legislative Body; the tons of a more loyal stamp, from the •that the mode of recruiting some Kew England mint. army shall be fixed by law ; that the independence of the judiciary The rebel officers of the French is guarantied, the institution of ju- Government were kept in office. ries preserved and the publicity No new elections were held, in loyal men were allow- of criminal trials ; that the mili- which, only tary in service or on half pay pre- ed to vote. No test oaths were serve their ranks and emoluments applied. The judges, magistrates, that the person of the King is sa- sheriffs, police, postmasters &c., all as they were. No cred and inviolable ; the Ministers remamed, responsible for violations of the French priest was forbidden to laws by public acts, which thej marry, or to exercise his clerical functions, because of want of loyal must sign ; that freedom of con- science and worship is guarantied ty. No taxes were imposed with- 44@ French Treatment of Behels. [Oct. out the free couseut of the French to exile, once narroAvly escaping rebels themselves. Avith his life ; and after that he Taxation and representation made the balance of his journey were inclissolubly connected—the in disguise. jSTotAvithstanding, all fundamental idea of President this exasperation against him, .Johnston's policy, The injured and the utter exhaustion of the French monarch freely conceded country, he left Elba on the 27th that the right of taxation must February folloAving, and the rest solely with the representatives French people rallied around him

' of the people, though that peo- with enthusiasm. ' The Bourbons ple had been disloyal and rebel- had learned nothing, and had for- lious. There was to be no pro- gotten nothing." The King vio- scription for opinion's sake. The lated his oath, directly, and in- assumption Avas quietly made that directly, and began a series of pet- those, who had been most loyal ty, as Avell as great, persecution to jSTapoleon, would be most loyal of the men, Avho Avished to be to Louis. aS^o new patents of faithful to him. He sought to loyalty were taken out. This, dishonor the soldiers, lately in re- Ave were told at Greensboro, Avas bellion, and make them forget the the plan of Mr. Lincoln and Gene- glorious deeds, they had pei'form- ral Sherman. The troops Avere ed. Some of the little acts of the disbanded, in the expectation that King Avere, almost as small and all the functions of the State contemptible, as cutting buttons

governments Avould be discharg- oft' soldiers' coats. ed, as hitherto, by the men, Avhom We give the extract beloAv, and the respectiA'e States most hon- let the reader make his oavu reflec- ored, not those they most dis- tions upon it. trusted. "They abolished the French It Avill be objected by the Jaco- colors, the object of even super- bins that the Constitution Avas stitious veneration to the Avhole too liberal, and that the revolt, French soldiers, and substituted Avhich folloAved in less than a year, in their stead, the flag of the mon- Avas in consequence of the indul- archy, 'Avith Avhich hardly any of gence shoAvn to the rebels. We the army Ifid any association, and do n^t so read history. Alison the glories of Avhich, great as they tells a different story. Before Avere, had been entirely throAvn giving his reasons, for a second into the shade by the transcendent outbreak of the French people glories of the Empire. They al- against their laAvful King, Ave tered the numbers of the regi- Avould ask the candid reader, if ments, as Avell infantry as caA'aliy, there could be a more perfect re- destroying thus the glorious recol- futation, than' here given, of the lections of the many fields of fame, Jacobin assertion that the leniency in which they had signalised them- of the Preside-nt has no parallel ? selves, and reducing regiments Nov is there any philosophy in the Avhich had fought at Eivoli or Jacobin reason, for the second Austerlitz to a level Avith the ncAV- great rebellion. The. French peo- ly raised levy. The tri-colored ple, like the Southern, were sick standard Avas ordered to be given of the Avar. They Avere for peace up; many regiments, in prefer- upon any terms. Their great suf- ence burned them in order that fering, —the enormous sacrifice of they might, at least, preserA^e their life, the heavy taxation, the Avaste ashes. "The eagles Avere generally and desolate fields — all the horrors secreted by the otBcers: the men of Avar Avere laid at the door of hid their "tri-colored cockades in their once idolized Emperor. He their knapsacks. They altered the was rejDeatedly mobl)ed on his way whole designations of the superior 1866,] Jtteviev) N'otices. 441

officers, resuming those, now whol- in silence, but they sunk deep in- ly forgotten, of the old monarchy. to the heart of the army and of the nation." (Alison's History of These things were submitted to Europe.)

REVIEW NOTICES.

Lectures on English Litera- vigor of his great powers. His ture. By Henry Keed, Phila- harmless life, pure character and delphia, J. B. Lippincott & Co., gentle nature had won for him 1866. friends all over the land. The Southern people will cherish his A copy of the fifth edition of memory, not only on account of this valuable work has been placed his rare scholarshii) and lovely in our hands. We need scarcely qualities, but because he was the say that the typography and gene- grandson of a confidential staff ral finish of the book are all that officer of our Virginia Washing- the most fastidious reader could ton, and the brother of the friend wish them to be. The volume is and legal adviser of our own Mr. made up of the lectures delivered Davis. by Prof. Eeed in the University of Pennsylvania; with which he was Thoughts on Personal Reli- years. connected for twenty three gion. By Rev. Edward Me}'-- The ripe scholarship, exquisite rick Grouldburn, D. D., ISTew taste and discriminating judg- York, D. Appleton & Compa- ment of Henry Keed are too ny, 1866. well known to need any com- We have given this book, by mendation from us. We would an eminent English Divine, more not presume to say a word in than a cursory examination. It praise of one, Avhose fame is as is an earnest and eloquent plea for great in the old world as in practical piety, among the pro- the new, but for our earnest de- fessed followers of the Lord JesuS* sire to see this book placed in Christ. He is a sincere admirer the hands of all young men pur- of the doctrines, forms of worship suing a course of liberal studies. and mode of government of the They can have no better guide of Church of England. But apart what to read and how to read.— from this, christians of all denomi- author's own style is a model The nations may. read his book With of pure English, and would be of immense profit. Cold and insensi- inestimable service to the student ble must be that heart, which does in forming his own. The general not catch a glow from the ardent reader will find no book, which aeal of the enthusiastic writer. contains more, probably none so upon English much, information Poems by Jean Ingblow. Rob- Literature, as does this volume of erts Brothers, Boston. Prof. Reed. word We remember the profound grief In these days, when the originality is almost obliterated felt in all parts of our country, from the literary world, it requires when it was announced in 1854, order to take that Prof. Reed had perished on genius of no common in old materials and so combine and board of the ill-fated Arctic : into new forms, as the prime of life and in the full work them over —

442 Review NotiGes. [Oct. to produce the impression that for the refined gratification, she they are used for the Urst time. has afforded us, summoning up all- Such is the genius, which lias the varied excellence of her poe- made the name of Jean Ingelow a try, Avhen we say that it is as pure pleasant household word not only and clear as the brooks she de- in her native Scotland and the scribes and as sweet as the violets rest of Great Britain, but also in that bloom on their banks. the far away homes of our own Poems of Frank Myrtl®.— land. J. B. McFerrin, Nashville Ten- the ingle nook of her From nessee, 1858. manse homo, she holds commun- is neat and well-printed ion with half a world, binding This a volume of poeins by a Texan Au- with her womanly fingers, strange thor. versification is smooth hearts to her own with the great The and correct. silver chord of sympathy and love. She is the very priestess of na- Employments of Women. By ture, who in return, unfolds to •Virginia Penny, Boston, Walk- her attendants some of her subtlest er, Wise & Gomwany, 1863.-^ . secrets. Her keen knowledge of This is a beautifully printed nature, her deep insight human volume of 424 pages. It is dedi- into motives springs the and of ac- cated to "the meritorious and de- tion, her genial, hopeful views of serving women of the Country." life, and her exquisite delineations We had supposed that the first of natural objects pould have been adjective implied, of necessity, the obtained from no other source, and second. This" is not a time for to it may attribute the delight- we idlenc.<^3 in either sex. There is a ful fn shness of her sparkling verse. vast amount of useful information small limits do not permit Our in this valuable book, which is us to even begin to do justice to now peculiarly opportune. the lady, or her work, as all Avho read them will readily perceive. *' The Home Monthly " is a new We can merely indicate the en- Magazine started at Nashville, trance to the rich mine, leaving Tenn. It contains 48 pages of others to explore its golden depths reading matter. Price $3 a year, and ci^trast its diamonds at their invariably in advance. We give Jlj^isure. the new comer a cordial welcome^ Wben all Jean Ingelow's poems and Avish it a prosperous and are so good, it is difficult to make a above all, an useful career. There particular selection, but we think is a healthy moral tone about the- thaf The High Tide" is, in its Monthly, which commends it to weird horror, its graphic descrip- our mind. We trust that the tion, and its dreamy tenderness of South will have a pure literature, sentiment, the most striking of if she can have nothing else. We all her works. have been specially pleased with Next comes feer *' Songs of the opening article of the Septera- Seven," which might, hang as a lier number, and the poem by companion picture to the immortal Fanny Fielding "Can't get any- "Seven Ages." Then the ''Let- thing to do." If all the young ter L.," "'The Star's Monument," idlers about our towns could re^d " The Dead Tear " and a score of this poem, we think that they othars rise up to our memory, each would turn over lounging and pleading its claims to special praise loafing to the negroes. Just now and admiration. it is a difficult problem, whether We may not linger, however their example is worse upon the among them, but can only express negro or that of the negro worse our thanks to their fair authoress upon them. 1866. j Review Notices. 443

We have received three copies of cotton and the effects of emancipa- the "Missionary Link, " a Monthly tion. But we must leave him when pubhshed in New York and he turns to theology and attempts Brooklyn by " The Women's to teach from the Bible that there Union Missionary Society," and have been two distinct creations also the "Third Eeport of the of man, and that the negro was Philadelpliia Branch of the So- created first. He gives as a reason ciety." for this belief, that the creation of man is mentioned in the 2oth verse We frankly confess that we wish of the 1st chapter of Genesis, and that the missionary efforts of the that this subject is treated of again ladies were confined to the nursery." in the 7th verse of the 2d chapter. If they had performed their duty He tliinks that the second refer- faithfully in the proper depart- ence is to a distinct creation. A ment of female enterprise, wo very slight inspection of the writ- would never have heard the word ings of Moses would have shown "bummer," and never have seen the Governor that this kind of lonely and blackened chimn&y repetition is very common with si^aclfs in Georgia, and South Caro- the Hebrew leader. Thus the crea- lina and North Carolina, marking tion of the heavens and the earth the spots, where once there had are again referred to in the 4th been happy homes. verse of the 2d- chapter. Does the Governor believe that we have two " The narrative of A. Campaign heavens and two earths? The Mo- from Santa Fe to the Mississippi" hammedans belifeve that there are has been kindly sent u9 by our ssveu heavens. Christian astrono- friend F. O. Seth, Esq., of Shreve- my tells of but one earth. Accord- port, La. This unpretending ing to the 1st chapter of Genesis, pamphlet is by Theo. Noel of the the vegetable kingdom was creat- 4th Texas Cavalry. AVe are glad ed on the third day. In the 9th to see such eftbrts as Mr. Noel verse of the 2d chapter, this crea- ' has made. The history of the tion is spoken of as though for the war can only bs correctly written first time. Are there two vegetable by letting each brigade, and if kingdoms? possible, each regiment, tell its But the Governor's theory is own tale of heroism, endurance inadmissible on other grounds. He and suffering We earnestly hope thinks that there were but two that many others will imitate the distinct races. The negro was worthy example set them by Mr. created first, (Sambo has tlie is full Noel. His narrative of in- precedence these days 1) and was terest to us, as it relates to opera- made to be an eater of herbs. The tions in a distant field and one second creation was of the white but little known east of the Mis- man (thrown into the back ground) sissippi. who was to be a tiller of the soil. Does the Indian belong to the first The letter of Hon Francis W, creation? To which creation does Pickens to a gentleman in New- the Esquimaux belong, who is Orleans has been placed on our neither an cater of herbs nor a til- table. This able, thoughtful and ler of the soil, but a feeder upon suggestive letter has been print- fish and blubber? Which of the ed in a pamphlet of 20 pages. two creations perished in the flood? The mind of Gov. Pickens is al- Noah could not have belonged to ways active, and its conceptions both. If the flood had taken place are bold and independent. We re- in 18(35, we might have supposed gard him as a very safe guide, that the tillers of the soil had die- when he treats of the culture of appeared. Certainly, they arovevy —

Editor kd. [Oct. scarce just now in the South. man and negro to have identical- What becomes of the declaration ly the same blood. of Paul "he hath made of one blood We believe that abolitionism is all nations of men for to dwell on infidelit}'^ in its most atrocious all the face of the earth?" The form, but we do not believe in hunt- nicest microscopic observations ing up strange texts of Scripture, have confirmed the truth of this with which to combat its wicked- assertion and proved the white

EDITOEIAL.

The report of the battle of or's chain to lay out land for loyal Chickamauga in this number was men. General Sherman had more not published by the Confederate economical views than Brownlow. Government, though called for by lie made one army carry both fire the Confederate Congress. This and sword. If Brownlow had sur- must be our apology for its ap- veyed ofl" for him the ground, pearance in this Magazine. which he occvipied when Long- street approached Knoxville, it The absorbing topic of interest would not make a hroad field, but with us all in Dixie is still the pro- a very long one. The surveyor's ceedings of the two Conventions, chain would have to be stretched which met in Philadelphia in Au- by the straightest line, as the crow gust and September. The first flies, from Knoxville to JTashville. was composed of the purest, best The reverend blasphemer fled by and most intelligent citizens of the shortest route. the United States. The second was made up of their opposites in every The representatives of the army respect. The Jacobin Trinity in the Jacobin Convention were was in the latter, Fred Douglas, Burnside and Butler. The former the negro ; Butler, the thief ; and was never under musketry fire, BrownloAv, the blasphemer. Ap- probably never under artillery propriatel}^, Barnum was there to fire. The latter was always be- show up the unclean beasts. Ap- yond the range of the most power- propriatel}' too, Burnside was ful guns of his own troops. A cor- there with his soul attuned to respondent of a Northern paper, Jacobin harmony, by the numer- writing'from Bermuda Hundreds, ous pianos captured at Newbern May, 1864, said that Butler, while K. C. Still more appropriately, making a reconnoisance, had been the Southern members, so called fired upon by a rebel picket and were all born in the ISTorth, or that he fled fast enough to make were all, originally, the fiercest of his coat stick out behind so that a secessionists and Yankee haters. game of cards could be played up- Proselytes are always zealous, on it. Now we happen to know, renegades are always truculent. certainly^ that no picket was at We are not therefore surprised at the point, where Benjamin toojc the bloody speeches of men, who his fright. It may be, however, stood far oif in the days, when that his horse had stepped upon a blood was being shed. Brownlow dry stick, which popping made a wants three armies to march noise like what he supposed a rifle through the ^uth ; the first Avith might make—not having any per- the sword ; The second with the sonal knowledge of the latter torch ; the third with the survey- sound. —

lSt5(j.] Editcryv

Tlie contc'st irs uow one LftwcfH one ])orn north of the Susquehan- suiion and disuuioii, huinanity and na, tlie other South of it. Both cruelty, deceucy and roM'dyi^iii. adhered to the U, S. Governmeut. jntelligeuce and ignorance, t-hri.s- The ]S^orthern man took the field tianity and infidelity. Tlie first and fought us obstinately ; the i!onvention contend for Avhatevei' Southern kept out of harm's way, is pure and good ; the second, for but secured a good paying iiosi- whatever is vile and unholy. tion, as a teacher, .\fter tlie v.ar, A corporal's guard of oiir lowest Ave Avrote to the latter a brief busi- Southern population niay synipa- ness letter, Avhich he refused tn Ihize with the latter, hut we trust answer. The former, learning it is only a corporal's guard. \\q that Ave had liillen into the hand's niay not all relish all things done of the ''Blessed Bureau"" and by the first Convention, hut we other beneA'olent institutions, sent «ui all 1)id God-speed to the good us a kind invitation to bring the work against the powers of dark- Avife and little rebs to spend the nesrs. The speech of (len. Dix is summer months Avith him. It is a model of good taste, good feeling easy in this case to ansAver the ' Mid iDure English. There were question Avhich noAv of these tAvo, some little clap-trap scenes, which thinkest thou, is neighbor unto had hetter not heen acted. The him, Avliich fell among thieves '^'^ Massachusetts and 8. C. farce inught to have heen played upon a It seems to )je a source of regret les& solemn occasion. We are not and almost of distrust Avith soniu aow" ahle to lay oixr hand upon of the Southern people, that the President, in his etlbrts to rescue any copy of the old English plan's ; smd if oxu' quotations he incorrect us from the clutches of the Jaco- «f the scene between the Brigand bins, has the co-operation of those, siiid the WidoAV Carrie. wt> hope Avho originally stirred up all the to be set right. mischief, ^^"e. hoAveA^er, feel dif- ferently, and can best illustrate Brigand. " 1 sent my bummers our feeling by having recourse down, to kill j-our husband, to cast again to an anecdcte of Judge your houses and barns, your man Butler, of S. C. When the Judge servants and maid servants, your Avas a Magistrate, some Irish la- oxen -and your asses into the fires borers brought to him a comrade of fanaticism, in order that your charged Avitli some oflfence, and slross being purified, the pure ore urged his commitment to jail. might shine more coyifipu-uoudy.-" The poor felloAv plead that he Avas t'arrie (weeping and embracing a stranger in a strange land, with- Mm) " I know you did it all for out home and friends, and at my oAvn good.'" Brigand (tender- !'' length bursting into tears begged ly) " sweet penitent that he might be ''let oft" "tins But Ave confess^ Ave look for mt^re one time." His accusers Avere so good from the " Soldier's Conven- melted by his tears and pitiful tion.'" The men, Avho have had prayers that they said "Avhat are iuutual hate knocked out and mu- you afther blubbering for Pat ? tnal resiject Imocked in by hard sure if liis bloody honor Avill dare MoAvs, are the men after all, to to send you to jail, Ave'll raarvi', i-ement the Union^ if that delicate you." We imagine that Patrick ©peration can eA^er bo done. We Avoiild not have objeected to the ?.ioj>e that Ave Avill be pardoned for rescue, CA^en though made by his St personal inciden.t, in this con- original enemies. We likewiss nection. AVe had tAvo particular will not be choice as tu thu means

trieuds in the old TI. S. army : the of our deliverance. VOL, I. —NO. V!. — —-

44r. A\h'.t< [Oot.

Thf good people oi' J»oiili;U!!. lirief privilege, we lost 4.()Ul),(H)0

Texas, ask ii.s to say thai the}- of slaves valued at Sl,^!0^l,0(lO,(HH) want a gentleman and two lady dollars in property. An Irisli- -assistants, of Southern l)irth and man had slejit but two liours in edueati

ty and the adjacent counties, t'>> a in the ITviion. A few more Aveeks Cemetery, the site of %vhieli liiis of such costl}- sleep, would havi: '" been selected. "''" "' stripped ns entirely of houses and -Vny one by the payment of '4L lands. per annum can become a member of the association. Mrs. Dr. A. Wiien the Jacobins say and do -I. iionlware, of Spottsylvania ('. hard and bitter things, their H., is President of the Associa- charge of want of loj-alty in the, tion. As everj- State in the South South bec-ause our ])eople grumble has some of her dead heroes bu- Ijack a little seems to us as iin- ried in these counties, all must rcasonal^le as the complaint of the feel an intere'st in the noble object little boy. •' Mamma, make l>ob of tiiis ]nost christian enterprise. 'have hcself. he make moutlis at me, every time I hit him with Oscar lliurichs. Esq., \T2 Wil- my stick !" liam Street, New York, formerly a member of tleneral Jackson's It is a curious illus'tration of the, stall", is making a series of battle want of appreciation, by the South, maps and is desirous to get sketches of mechanical skill and inventive, and information illustrating them genius, that Wm. II. Wasli, the from the participants in the bloody inventor of the best percussion scenes of the war. He is speci- cap machine in the cottntry, proba- ally desirous to get sketches, re- bly, the most ingenitis man in the j)orts and facts from oS'. C officers U. S., is without employinent, and )nen. He says truly, in a save as a n.uU-M'riglit. In England private letter, that N. 0. did not honors Avould have been hea])ed get her due meed of praise for tiie upon him. At the JS'^orth, wealth

gallantry of her sons ; and it is for woidd have flowed upon him. But the survivors now to do justice to he is as jioor and as neglected as their own deeds and to tliose of was John Gill, of Newbern, N. V., their fallen coinrades. the inventor of Colt's n voh-er. Dr. Head, of Tuscaloosa, Ala., The Constitutional amendment the inventor of the Parrott gun, abolishing slavery could only be the best ordnance used in the war ])assi'd ((insUtatioaally, when the has fared a little better. IJut ho Southern States were in the ITu- had to carry Ins Invention to Cold iou. We Vi'cre then in the irnion Spring, X. Y., and rocei\ed but a for the few weeks, diu'ing which pittance of the itniuiinsf prolils re- this was Vseinsi' done. Vov this sultiu"- frota it.

State Library Of North Carolina Raleigh, N.C.