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Blue Jay, Vol.30, Issue 2 perimental studies are needed to Bristowe, W. S. 1929. The mating habits of spiders, with special reference to the prob¬ determine the roles of these various lems surrounding sexual dimorphism. Proc. movements and sounds during pre- Zool. Soc. Lond., 309-358. Chopard, L. 1934. Sur les bruits parduits par copulatory behaviour in these species. certaines araignees. Bull. Zool. Soc. Fr., Acknowledgments 59 :132-134. Hallander, H. 1967. Courtship display and Thanks are due to D. W. Whitfield habitat selection in the wolf spider Pardosa chelata (O. F. Muller). Oikos, 18:145-150. and R. C. Holmberg who produced Harrison, J. B. 1969. Acoustic behavior of a the oscillograms and to Dr. J. S. wolf spider, Lycosa gulosa. Anim. Behav., Rovner for his helpful comments. 17 :14-16. Lahee, F. H. 1904. The calls of spiders. Psyche, 11:74. LITERATURE CITED Rovner, J. S. 1967. Acoustic communication in Bonnet, P. 1945. Bibliographia Araneorum. a lycosid spider (Lycosa rabida Walckenaer). Tome I. Les Freres Douladoure. p. 274. Anim. Behav., 15 :273-281. THE BUTTERFLIES OF MANITOBA'S PROVINCIAL PARKS I: WHITESHELL PROVINCIAL PARK by John H. Masters, P.0. Box 7511, St. Paul, Minnesota With 675,840 acres, Whiteshell is the previous reports. Skippers (Hes- Manitoba’s largest provincial park. periidae) have not been included in Located in extreme southeastern this study. Manitoba, it can be reached by the Species List TransCanada highway No. 1 or Swallowtail Butterflies: Manitoba trunk highway No. 4. The PAPILIONIDAE region is typical boreal zone of eastern Manitoba and northern On¬ TIGER SWALLOWTAIL Papilio tario. It is situated on Precambrian glaucus canadensis Rothschild & Jor¬ or Canadian Shield where lakes, dan A common and conspicuous rivers, acid bogs and rock out¬ species of roadsides and deciduous croppings are all numerous. Birch forests. Adults in mid-June to early and aspen forests cover most of the July. region, but these are replaced by Whites and Sulphurs: jack pine on rock outcroppings or PIERIDAE sandy areas, by black spruce in bogs, NORTHERN WHITE Pieris napi and by larch in swampy areas. oleracea Harris One of very few double-brooded species in this region. The butterflies of Whiteshell have The first brood emerges in mid-May received some attention in the past. and may be taken until mid-June, the George Shirley Brooks, who pub¬ second brood is on the wing in August, lished a check-list of the butterflies A woodland species. of Manitoba (1942), collected at Seven Sisters Falls before the Provin¬ CABBAGE BUTTERFLY Pieris cial Park was formed, and recorded rapae (Linnaeus) This is an ubiqui¬ several species from here. Charles D. tous species originating from Europe Bird spent the summers of 1954 and and reported from Whiteshell by Bird. 1955 at Red Rock Lake and published The butterflies would not be expected a list (1956) of 40 species of butter¬ to penetrate any of the forested areas flies he collected there. Between 1966 and are more to be expected around and 1971, I made six collecting trips gardens or human habitats. They to Whiteshell as part of field work would be expected to fly throughout on a Manitoba Lepidoptera project. the summer period. My collecting has added several ORANGE SULPHUR Colias eury- species to Bird’s list and in addition, theme eurytheme Boisduval This I am adding adult flight date and species is not especially common at habitat data that were missing from Whiteshell. It is to be found in late June, 1972 113 summer (it may not overwinter eurydice (Johansson) In the White- here), principally along roadsides. shell region, this species seems to COMMON SULHPUR Colias philo- inhabit grassy bogs. Adults can be dice philodice Godart This, like C. taken from mid-July until mid- eurytheme, is principally a roadside August. butterfly at Whiteshell. Although it LITTLE WOOD NYMPH Eupty- is somewhat scarce, it may be taken chia cymela cymela (Cramer) Re¬ from June until September. corded from Whiteshell by Bird. This BLUEBERRY SULPHUR Colias is a species of deciduous woods. Its interior interior Scudder Locally northern range limit usually corre¬ common at the edges of bogs or other sponds with the northern limit of red areas where blueberries grow from oak, which does not quite reach late June until the end of July. Whiteshell. It should be looked for in GIANT SULPHUR Colias gigantea late June. Strecker This species is not yet INORNATE RINGLET Coenony- recorded from Whiteshell, but is likely mpha tullia. inornata Edwards Only to occur here. The first records from a few records from Whiteshell. Found eastern Manitoba were provided by on roadsides or grassy areas in wood¬ Masters (1970). The species should lands, usually in July. be looked for in bogs from late July AMERICAN GRAYLING Cercy- to early August. onis pegala nephele (Kirby) For LARGE MARBLE Euchloe auson- some reason, there are no records of ides ssp. Lucas This species was this species from Whiteshell although first recorded from Whiteshell by it should occur here. It should be Bird. The eastern Manitoba popula¬ looked for in deciduous woods during tion is quite distinct from E. ausonides July. mayi Chermock & Chermock of SPRUCE EREBIA Erebia disa western Manitoba, to which it has mancinus Doubleday I took the only been referred in the past. Adults are Whiteshell examples of Erebia disa on the wing in early June and they in a bog near Brereton Lake on are most abundant in areas where June 29, 1968. This species seems to jack pine occurs. be associated with bogs that have Monarchs: heavy stands of black spruce and DANAIDAE should be sought in the last few days MONARCH Danaus plexippus of June or in early July. There is plexippus (Linnaeus) This well some reason to suspect that it may known migrant butterfly seldom pene¬ occur biennially — that is to say, trates into the Whiteshell region, adults only fly every other vear. but in some years it may be quite RED - DISCED EREBIA Erebia common here. Adults are most likely discoidalis discoidalis (Kirby) This to be taken in late summer, however, species is to be found at the edges my only example was collected in of open grassy bogs in late May. It June. is not rare at Whiteshell, but has Satyrs and Wood Nymphs: never been taken in numbers. SATYRIDAE MACOUN’S ARCTIC Oencis mac- PEARLY EYE Lethe anthedon ounii (Edwards) This highly prized borealis (Clark) Found in deciduous species was first recorded from woods from June until early July. Whiteshell by Bird who considered it Lethe anthedon has been formerly to be a significant range extension. considered as a subspecies of Lethe It is now known to be quite wide¬ portlandia (Fabricius). The White- spread in jack pine areas throughout shell subspecies, borealis, is quite southeastern Manitoba. It flies in late similar in appearance to the nominate June and early July in Manitoba; subspecies, but very different in Pat Conway and I found it quite com¬ habitat and habits. (Masters, 1971). mon at Whiteshell on June 29, 1968. EYED BROWN Lethe eurydice It is biennial and in eastern Manitoba 114 THE BLUE JAY it flies only in even-numbered years; be taken in early spring. in western Manitoba it flies only in MOURNING CLOAK Nymphalis odd-numbered years. Detailed notes antiop a antiopa (Linnaeus) Not on its habitat and habits at Riding nearly so abundant as Nymphalis Mountain, Manitoba are provided by j-album at Whiteshell, but occurring Masters and Sorensen (1968). at the same time and places. BOG ARCTIC Oeneis jutta ascerta MILBERT’S TORTOISE SHELL Masters & Sorensen This is a bog Nymphalis milberti milberti (Godart) species with an adult flight in late A somewhat scarce but widespread June to early July. Like Oeneis species, milberti occurs in all habitats macounii it has a biennial flight, but but seems to prefer wet open fields. flies in odd-numbered years, alternat¬ There are at least two broods a ing with O. macounii, in eastern Mani¬ season and they are somewhat irregu¬ toba. Interestingly, however, two lar in occurrence from year to year, specimens were taken by me, in abey¬ thus adults may be observed sporad¬ ance of the biennial flight, near ically from May to September. Brereton Lake in late June 1968. SATYR ANGLE-WING Polygonia Brush-footed Butterflies: satyrus neomarsyas dos Passos. This NYMPH ALIDAE is the scarcest of the three Polygonia WHITE ADMIRAL Limenitis arth- that are known to occur at White- emis arthemis (Drury) A conspic¬ shell. It is found in company of the uous and common butterfly through¬ other two species, along roadsides in out the Park. Found from the last August or September, but does not week of June through July along penetrate deeply into wooded areas roadsides and in deciduous forest as the other two do. areas. Specimens from Whiteshell GREEN COMMA Polygonia faunus show some signs of intergradation to faunus (Edwards) This is the most ssp. rubrofasciata (Barnes & Mc- frequently encountered species of Dunnough), but I prefer to reserve Polygonia at Whiteshell. It over¬ that name for populations of western winters as hibernating adult butter¬ Manitoba and westward. flies, as do the other Polygonia, and VICEROY Limenitis archippus tattered specimens are often taken as archippus (Cramer) Recorded from late as mid-June. I have often won¬ Whiteshell by Bird, I have not seen dered whether they all overwinter as it here. It would be expected to occur adults or whether some individuals in July and August in marshy areas overwinter as pupa and then emerge where willow grows. quite early in the spring. Fresh RED ADMIRAL Vanessa atalanta adults are seen in August and rub via (Fruhstorfer) A roadside September.
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