perimental studies are needed to Bristowe, W. S. 1929. The mating habits of spiders, with special reference to the prob¬ determine the roles of these various lems surrounding sexual dimorphism. Proc. movements and sounds during pre- Zool. Soc. Lond., 309-358. Chopard, L. 1934. Sur les bruits parduits par copulatory behaviour in these species. certaines araignees. Bull. Zool. Soc. Fr., Acknowledgments 59 :132-134. Hallander, H. 1967. Courtship display and Thanks are due to D. W. Whitfield habitat selection in the wolf spider Pardosa chelata (O. F. Muller). Oikos, 18:145-150. and R. C. Holmberg who produced Harrison, J. B. 1969. Acoustic behavior of a the oscillograms and to Dr. J. S. wolf spider, Lycosa gulosa. Anim. Behav., Rovner for his helpful comments. 17 :14-16. Lahee, F. H. 1904. The calls of spiders. Psyche, 11:74. LITERATURE CITED Rovner, J. S. 1967. Acoustic communication in Bonnet, P. 1945. Bibliographia Araneorum. a lycosid spider (Lycosa rabida Walckenaer). Tome I. Les Freres Douladoure. p. 274. Anim. Behav., 15 :273-281.

THE BUTTERFLIES OF MANITOBA'S PROVINCIAL PARKS I: WHITESHELL PROVINCIAL PARK by John H. Masters, P.0. Box 7511, St. Paul, Minnesota

With 675,840 acres, Whiteshell is the previous reports. Skippers (Hes- Manitoba’s largest provincial park. periidae) have not been included in Located in extreme southeastern this study. Manitoba, it can be reached by the Species List TransCanada highway No. 1 or Swallowtail Butterflies: Manitoba trunk highway No. 4. The PAPILIONIDAE region is typical boreal zone of eastern Manitoba and northern On¬ TIGER SWALLOWTAIL Papilio tario. It is situated on Precambrian glaucus canadensis Rothschild & Jor¬ or Canadian Shield where lakes, dan A common and conspicuous rivers, acid bogs and rock out¬ species of roadsides and deciduous croppings are all numerous. Birch forests. Adults in mid-June to early and aspen forests cover most of the July. region, but these are replaced by Whites and Sulphurs: jack pine on rock outcroppings or PIERIDAE sandy areas, by black spruce in bogs, NORTHERN WHITE Pieris napi and by larch in swampy areas. oleracea Harris One of very few double-brooded species in this region. The butterflies of Whiteshell have The first brood emerges in mid-May received some attention in the past. and may be taken until mid-June, the George Shirley Brooks, who pub¬ second brood is on the wing in August, lished a check-list of the butterflies A woodland species. of Manitoba (1942), collected at Seven Sisters Falls before the Provin¬ CABBAGE BUTTERFLY Pieris cial Park was formed, and recorded rapae (Linnaeus) This is an ubiqui¬ several species from here. Charles D. tous species originating from Europe Bird spent the summers of 1954 and and reported from Whiteshell by Bird. 1955 at Red Rock Lake and published The butterflies would not be expected a list (1956) of 40 species of butter¬ to penetrate any of the forested areas flies he collected there. Between 1966 and are more to be expected around and 1971, I made six collecting trips gardens or human habitats. They to Whiteshell as part of field work would be expected to fly throughout on a Manitoba Lepidoptera project. the summer period. My collecting has added several ORANGE SULPHUR Colias eury- species to Bird’s list and in addition, theme eurytheme Boisduval This I am adding adult flight date and species is not especially common at habitat data that were missing from Whiteshell. It is to be found in late

June, 1972 113 summer (it may not overwinter eurydice (Johansson) In the White- here), principally along roadsides. shell region, this species seems to COMMON SULHPUR Colias philo- inhabit grassy bogs. Adults can be dice philodice Godart This, like C. taken from mid-July until mid- eurytheme, is principally a roadside August. butterfly at Whiteshell. Although it LITTLE WOOD NYMPH Eupty- is somewhat scarce, it may be taken chia cymela cymela (Cramer) Re¬ from June until September. corded from Whiteshell by Bird. This BLUEBERRY SULPHUR Colias is a species of deciduous woods. Its interior interior Scudder Locally northern range limit usually corre¬ common at the edges of bogs or other sponds with the northern limit of red areas where blueberries grow from oak, which does not quite reach late June until the end of July. Whiteshell. It should be looked for in GIANT SULPHUR Colias gigantea late June. Strecker This species is not yet INORNATE RINGLET Coenony- recorded from Whiteshell, but is likely mpha tullia. inornata Edwards Only to occur here. The first records from a few records from Whiteshell. Found eastern Manitoba were provided by on roadsides or grassy areas in wood¬ Masters (1970). The species should lands, usually in July. be looked for in bogs from late July AMERICAN GRAYLING Cercy- to early August. onis pegala nephele (Kirby) For LARGE MARBLE Euchloe auson- some reason, there are no records of ides ssp. Lucas This species was this species from Whiteshell although first recorded from Whiteshell by it should occur here. It should be Bird. The eastern Manitoba popula¬ looked for in deciduous woods during tion is quite distinct from E. ausonides July. mayi Chermock & Chermock of SPRUCE EREBIA Erebia disa western Manitoba, to which it has mancinus Doubleday I took the only been referred in the past. Adults are Whiteshell examples of Erebia disa on the wing in early June and they in a bog near Brereton Lake on are most abundant in areas where June 29, 1968. This species seems to jack pine occurs. be associated with bogs that have Monarchs: heavy stands of black spruce and DANAIDAE should be sought in the last few days MONARCH Danaus plexippus of June or in early July. There is plexippus (Linnaeus) This well some reason to suspect that it may known migrant butterfly seldom pene¬ occur biennially — that is to say, trates into the Whiteshell region, adults only fly every other vear. but in some years it may be quite RED - DISCED EREBIA Erebia common here. Adults are most likely discoidalis discoidalis (Kirby) This to be taken in late summer, however, species is to be found at the edges my only example was collected in of open grassy bogs in late May. It June. is not rare at Whiteshell, but has Satyrs and Wood Nymphs: never been taken in numbers. SATYRIDAE MACOUN’S ARCTIC Oencis mac- PEARLY EYE Lethe anthedon ounii (Edwards) This highly prized borealis (Clark) Found in deciduous species was first recorded from woods from June until early July. Whiteshell by Bird who considered it Lethe anthedon has been formerly to be a significant range extension. considered as a subspecies of Lethe It is now known to be quite wide¬ portlandia (Fabricius). The White- spread in jack pine areas throughout shell subspecies, borealis, is quite southeastern Manitoba. It flies in late similar in appearance to the nominate June and early July in Manitoba; subspecies, but very different in Pat Conway and I found it quite com¬ habitat and habits. (Masters, 1971). mon at Whiteshell on June 29, 1968. EYED BROWN Lethe eurydice It is biennial and in eastern Manitoba

114 THE BLUE JAY it flies only in even-numbered years; be taken in early spring. in western Manitoba it flies only in MOURNING CLOAK Nymphalis odd-numbered years. Detailed notes antiop a antiopa (Linnaeus) Not on its habitat and habits at Riding nearly so abundant as Nymphalis Mountain, Manitoba are provided by j-album at Whiteshell, but occurring Masters and Sorensen (1968). at the same time and places. BOG ARCTIC Oeneis jutta ascerta MILBERT’S TORTOISE SHELL Masters & Sorensen This is a bog Nymphalis milberti milberti (Godart) species with an adult flight in late A somewhat scarce but widespread June to early July. Like Oeneis species, milberti occurs in all habitats macounii it has a biennial flight, but but seems to prefer wet open fields. flies in odd-numbered years, alternat¬ There are at least two broods a ing with O. macounii, in eastern Mani¬ season and they are somewhat irregu¬ toba. Interestingly, however, two lar in occurrence from year to year, specimens were taken by me, in abey¬ thus adults may be observed sporad¬ ance of the biennial flight, near ically from May to September. Brereton Lake in late June 1968. SATYR ANGLE-WING Polygonia Brush-footed Butterflies: satyrus neomarsyas dos Passos. This NYMPH ALIDAE is the scarcest of the three Polygonia WHITE ADMIRAL Limenitis arth- that are known to occur at White- emis arthemis (Drury) A conspic¬ shell. It is found in company of the uous and common butterfly through¬ other two species, along roadsides in out the Park. Found from the last August or September, but does not week of June through July along penetrate deeply into wooded areas roadsides and in deciduous forest as the other two do. areas. Specimens from Whiteshell GREEN COMMA Polygonia faunus show some signs of intergradation to faunus (Edwards) This is the most ssp. rubrofasciata (Barnes & Mc- frequently encountered species of Dunnough), but I prefer to reserve Polygonia at Whiteshell. It over¬ that name for populations of western winters as hibernating adult butter¬ Manitoba and westward. flies, as do the other Polygonia, and VICEROY Limenitis archippus tattered specimens are often taken as archippus (Cramer) Recorded from late as mid-June. I have often won¬ Whiteshell by Bird, I have not seen dered whether they all overwinter as it here. It would be expected to occur adults or whether some individuals in July and August in marshy areas overwinter as pupa and then emerge where willow grows. quite early in the spring. Fresh RED ADMIRAL Vanessa atalanta adults are seen in August and rub via (Fruhstorfer) A roadside September. species that is rather scarce at White- GRAY COMMA Polygonia progne shell. I have one record from June (Cramer) This species is either 1966. double-brooded or partially double- HUNTER’S BUTTERFLY Cynthia brooded here. Fresh examples can be virginiensis (Drury) Recorded from found in June and again in late Whiteshell by Bird. Possibly occur¬ August and September. It is a wood¬ ring here as a migrant only. land species but can be most readily PAINTED LADY Cynthia cardui observed along roadsides and trails. (Linnaeus) A migrant species at PEARL CRESCENT Phyciodes Whiteshell, very common here in 1967, tharos (Drury) ssp. A common road¬ but not seen in other years. side butterfly, having at least two COMPTON’S TORTOISE SHELL annual broods with adults flying Nymphalis j-album j-album (Bois- almost continually from early June duval & LeConte) A common species until late August. along roadsides in August and early TAWNY CRESCENT Phyciodes September, j-album presumably over¬ batesii (Reakirt) This is a sibling winters as an adult and may again species to Phyciodes tharos. Most

June, 1972 115 Manitoba lepidopterists have, in the is an avid visitor at flowers. Therq past, failed to distinguish between are no flowers in bloom in Whiteshell the two and, as a result, there are bogs in August and it is probably virtually no records of batesii for the because of this that individuals are province. Phyciodes batesii, unlike sometimes taken at flowers some tharos, is single-brooded with peak distance away from bogs. flight in early July. It is found BOG FRITILLARY Boloria euno- together with tharos most frequently mia dawsoni (Barnes & McDunnough) at mud-puddle congregations, but is This species is a bog obligate and has not nearly as common and apparently been reputed to have a very short is much more restrictive in its habitat annual flight. Although it may be requirement. quite common locally, it is generally SILVERY CRESCENT Chlosyne rare in collections and published nycteis reversa Chermock & Chermock records of its occurrence are sparse. Recorded from Whiteshell by Bird; The only records for southeastern I have not taken it here. The proper Manitoba, and for Whiteshell, are a adult flight dates should be late June short series of about six males taken into mid-July and the habitat should by the author and Pat Conway in a be wet fields and marshy areas. bog just west of the park boundary SILVER-BORDERED FRITIL¬ at Rennie on June 29, 1968. LARY Boloria selene atrocostalis ATLANTIS FRITILLARY Spey- (Huard) In this area, Boloria selene eria atlantis atlantis (Edwards) is restricted in habitat to wet marshy This is the most common Speyeria at areas and the marshy borders of Whiteshell. It is a Canadian Zone bogs. There are apparently two woodland species but strays through¬ annual broods with peak adult flights out the area, being found at flowers in mid-June and mid-August. along roadsides, in fields, forests, MEADOW FRITILLARY Boloria marshes and bogs alike. It is single- j bellona toddi (Holland) This species brooded with adults first being on the is more widespread in occurrence wing in mid-June, but the emergence than the other Boloria and is to be period is prolonged and fairly fresh found in meadows and along road¬ examples can still be found in early sides. It is the only Boloria to be August. found in dry upland meadows at GREAT SPANGLED FRITIL- Whiteshell. It is at least partially LARY Speyeria cybele Fabricius ssp. double-brooded with adults in June This is the scarcest Speyeria at White- and again in late July. shell. It was recorded here by Bird, F R E I J A FRITILLARY Boloria but I have not taken it. Southeastern freija Thunberg ssp. As of yet I Manitoba examples of Speyeria cybele have no records of Boloria freija for are difficult to place as to sub¬ Whiteshell or southeast Manitoba at species; they show intergradation all. The species is found on the Mani¬ between nominate cybele, hrautwurmi toba Escarpment and throughout (Holland) and pseudocarpenteri j northern Manitoba, thence southeast¬ (Chermock & Chermock). ward to Carlton County, Minnesota APHRODITE FRITILLARY Spey¬ and it is to be expected in Whiteshell. eria aphrodite winni (Gunder) In Boloria freija inhabits bogs, prefer¬ the Whiteshell populations, Speyeria ring the more open ones, and adults aphrodite and atlantis are almost would be expected in late May to indistinguishable, Aphrodite taking on early June. a close resemblance to atlantis. The PURPLE LESSER FRITILLARY population is quite distinct in appear¬ Boloria titania grandis (Barnes & ance from the populations of S', a. McDunnough) This choice fritillary mayae of western Maniotba and from is not uncommon at Whiteshell in those of nominate S', a. aphrodite of early August. It apparently is a bog areas to the southeast of Manitoba.,, | obligate in this part of its range, but The assignment of them to winni is

116 THE BLUE JAY only tentative, however. Speyeria them at the edges of bogs. aphrodite is not nearly as common as BOG COPPER Lycaena epixanthe Speyeria atlantis at Whiteshell. The (Boisduval & LeConte) ssp. Bird’s two occur together, although the record of this species for Whiteshell emergence period for aphrodite may was the first Manitoba record. The be a little later. species is now known to be wide¬ VARIEGATED FRITILLARY spread in Manitoba bogs. In the past, Euptoieta claudia claudia (Cramer) it has probably been confused with This species is not a permanent resi¬ the previous species. It is single- dent at Whiteshell, but migrates here brooded with adults from mid-July sporadically and in small numbers. until early August. It was recorded from Whiteshell by NORTHERN BLUE Lycaeides Bird and I have taken it here twice. ar gyro gnomon (Bergstrasser) ssp. One of the specimens that I took was Whiteshell specimens of o,r gyro gno¬ found in a bog during June 1966. mon belong to an as yet unnamed Hairstreaks and Blues: subspecies and not to ssp. scudderii LYCAENIDAE (Edwards) as they are commonly attributed. The species was recorded BOG ELFIN Callophrys (Incisalia) from Whiteshell by Bird; I have not augustinus augustinus (Westwood) taken it here. It should be found in Incisalia augustinus is confined, al¬ mid- to late July. The habitat is most exclusively, to bog habitats in seemingly very selective in certain Manitoba, although it is more wide¬ clearings in the forested areas. spread in occurrence elsewhere. At Whiteshell it is ubiquitous to all bogs GREENISH BLUE Plehejus sae- from mid-May until mid-June. piolus saepiolus (Boisduval) A single-brooded species appearing from PINE ELFIN Incisalia niphon mid-June to early July. clarki Freeman Recorded from E v e r e s comyntas comyntas Whiteshell by Bird. This species should be looked for in jack pine (Godart) Southeast Manitoba is part areas during early to mid-June. of a very limited area where E. comyntas and E. amyntula occur sym- CORAL HAIRSTREAK Harken- patrically, comyntas being an eastern clenus titus titus (Fabricius) Not species and amyntula a western one. uncommon along roadsides in July. They are similar in appearance and STRIPED HAIRSTREAK Saty- previous Manitoba records for one or rium liparops fletcheri (Michener & the other are usually confused. E. dos Passos) Taken at flowers in comyntas is the commoner of the forest openings or along roadsides in early August. two; it is multiple-brooded and occurs in nearly every habitat throughout ACADIAN HAIRSTREAK Saty- the summer. rium acadica acadica (Edwards) Everes amyntula albrighti Clench Recorded from Whiteshell by Bird. The assignment of eastern Manitoba Satyrium acadica is usually associated examples of E. amyntula to albrighti with the Transition Zone and is not is tentative. At Whiteshell, amyntula to be expected quite as far north as is single-brooded with an adult flight Whiteshell. It is a species of marshy areas. in the first half of July. HARVESTER Feniseca tarquinius SILVERY BLUE Glaucopsyche tarquinius (Fabricius) This is a lygdamus couperi Grote This is an very rare butterfly in Manitoba. Bird early species, occurring in deciduous recorded one specimen at Whiteshell, forests in late May and early June. June 15, 1954. SPRING AZURE Celastrina argio- DORCAS COPPER Lycaena dorcas lus pseudargiolus (Boisduval & Le¬ dorcas Kirby A single - brooded Conte) A double-brooded species of species with adults in early July. I deciduous forests. Adults in May and have had the most luck in finding again in July.

June, 1972 117 Summary LITERATURE CITED Bird, C. D. 1956. A collection of Rhopalocera The 55 species listed for Whiteshell, from the Whiteshell Forest Reserve, Mani¬ toba. Lepidopterists’ News, 10:107-108. represent 76 per cent of the 72 species Brooks, G. S. 1942. A revised checklist of the known to occur in southeastern Mani¬ butterflies of Manitoba. Canadian Entomolo¬ toba. It is quite likely that another gist, 74:31-36. Masters, J. H. 1970. Records of Colias Kigantea five or six will be eventually recorded Strecker (Pieridae) from Southeast Mani¬ at Whiteshell. Skippers (Hesperiidae) toba and ? Minnesota. Jour. Research Lepidoptera, 8 [1969J : 129-132. have not been included in my study. Masters, J. H. 1971. A note on Lethe anthedon Bird (1956) recorded seven species of borealis (Satyridae). Jour. Lepidopterists’ Society, 25:256-261. skippers for Whiteshell, but there Masters, J. H., and J. T. Sorensen. 1968. are possibly a dozen species occurring Bionomic notes on the Satyrid butterfly Oeneis macounii at Riding Mountain, Mani¬ here. toba. Blue Jay, 26:258-260.

A LIST OF BUTTERFLIES TAKEN AT NORTHWEST ANGLE PROVINCIAL FOREST, MANITOBA by John H. Masters, P.0. Box 7511, St. Paul, Minnesota

Manitoba’s Northwest Angle Pro¬ My collecting was done in July and vincial Forest is located in the August of 1969 and August of 1970; extreme southeast corner of the thus I have no records of species province. It borders Minnesota’s flying in May and June. In all, 33 Northwest Angle and Buffalo Bay species are recorded, this being only of the Lake of the Woods, but is slightly over half of the 50 to 60 that traversed by a single highway — are expected here. Whiteshell Provin¬ Manitoba’s No. 308 which can be cial Park is directly north of the taken out of Sprague or East Brain¬ Northwest Angle Forest and contains tree. The forest reserve is comprised almost identical habitats. All but two of over 150,000 acres, most of which of the known Northwest Angle species, is in serai forest growth. A tourist Polygonia comma and Lycaena court and campgrounds and picnic helloides, have also been taken at areas are located at Moose Lake. The Whiteshell. The remaining 30 species entire area is Canadian Zone forest have identical flight periods and with birch and aspen gradually yield¬ habitats at both spots, these having ing back to pine and spruce inter¬ been given in some detail in another spersed with large marshy areas and paper (Masters, 1972. The butterflies smaller sphagnum bogs. of Manitoba’s provincial parks. I. Whiteshell Provincial Park. In During the last six years, I have Press). The species observed are as been studying butterfly distribution follows: in Manitoba and have spent three PAPILIONIDAE: weekends in the Northwest Angle Papilio glaucus cayiadensis Rothschild Provincial Forest. Since I now have & Jordan. the butterfly distribution of south¬ PIERIDAE: east Manitoba pretty much in hand Pieris napi oleracea Harris, Pieris and expect to concentrate on the rapae (Linnaeus), Colias eurytheme northwest and southwest areas during eurytheme Boisduval, Colias philodice the next two to three years, I don’t philodice Godart, C oli a s interior contemplate any further studies in interior Scudder. the Northwest Angle Forest. Since there are no published records of SATYRIDAE: butterflies from here, it seems worth¬ Lethe anthedon borealis (Clark), while to record those species that I Lethe eurydice eurydice (Johansson), have found. Cercyonis pegala nephele (Kirby).

118 THE BLUE JAY