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AWI014 RZ Magazin 2Te Auflage D+E.Indd ICE|WHITE Years of discovery 1980 ~ 2005| AAWI014WI014 RRZZ MMagazin_2teagazin_2te AAuflage_d+e.indduflage_d+e.indd 1 224.11.20054.11.2005 117:16:347:16:34 UUhrhr East Siberian Sea SAMOYLOW STATION Laptev Sea MAGNETIC NORTH POLE | 2005 North Pole GEOMAGNETIC NORTH POLE 2005 | Kara Sea Spitsbergen KOLDEWEY STATION Barents Sea MAP DESIGN | GfG / Gruppe für Gestaltung based on C. B. Cogan, G. König-Langlo, B. Loose, Alfred Wegener Institute AAWI014WI014 RRZZ MMagazin_2teagazin_2te AAuflage_d+e.indduflage_d+e.indd 2 224.11.20054.11.2005 117:16:367:16:36 UUhrhr DALLMANN LABORATORY Weddell Sea NEUMAYER STATION Bellingshausen Sea KOHNEN STATION South Pole GEOMAGNETIC SOUTH POLE | 2005 Ross Sea MAP ARCTIC / ANTARCTIC. The Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in the Helmholtz Association operates the Koldewey and Samoylow Station in the Arctic as well as the Dallmann Laboratory, the Kohnen and Neu- mayer Station in the Antarctic. MAGNETIC SOUTH POLE | 2005 AAWI014WI014 RRZZ MMagazin_2teagazin_2te AAuflage_d+e.indduflage_d+e.indd 3 224.11.20054.11.2005 117:16:427:16:42 UUhrhr ICE|WHITE 01 | Sea ice in the Arctic 4 1980 ~ 2005 AAWI014WI014 RRZZ MMagazin_2teagazin_2te AAuflage_d+e.indduflage_d+e.indd 4 224.11.20054.11.2005 117:16:457:16:45 UUhrhr Editorial 1980 ~ 2005 Years of discovery Let us take a look at the history of the Alfred Wegener Institute. For 25 years, we have been dedicated to the exploration of the Arctic, Antarctic and the oceans of the temperate latitudes. At the AWI, natural scientists from all disciplines work together, including biologists, chemists, physicists, oceanographers, me- teorologists, geologists, geophysicists and glaciologists. 2005 is a very special year for the Alfred Wegener Institute: We celebrate not only the 25th anniver- sary of the institute but also Alfred Wegener’s 125th birthday. The German geo- physicist, after whom the institute was named, carried out several expeditions to Greenland early in his life, and developed the theory of continental drift. Nowadays, scientists of the AWI are still fascinated by ice and oceans and pose questions which they address with curiosity, enthusiasm and patience. We would like to express our gratitude to all sponsors and partners in co- operation who have supported and helpfully accompanied our institution through the 25 years since its establishment. This magazine gives insight into the 25 year history and associated research highlights of the Alfred Wegener Institute. Enjoy this »expedition«! Professor Jörn Thiede Director, Alfred Wegener Institute PROF. JÖRN THIEDE Geologist and palaeontologist Professor Jörn Thiede has been Director of the Alfred Wegener Institute since 1997. He is also cur- rent president of the International Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). | Years of discovery 5 AAWI014WI014 RRZZ MMagazin_2teagazin_2te AAuflage_d+e.indduflage_d+e.indd 5 224.11.20054.11.2005 117:16:557:16:55 UUhrhr Page 08 | Impressions – More than Page 26 | Polarstern – the worlds Page 38 | Euphausia superba – krill pure science characterizes the re- most effective scientific ice breaker has a key function in polar food search areas of the Alfred Wegener visits both the Arctic and the Ant- chains. Institute. arctic. CONTENT Page 05 | EDITORIAL Page 42 | The Koldewey Station Page 08 | PHOTO GALLERY »Green finger, blue house and white balloons«, 1988 Page 44 | Life on the antarctic sea bottom Page 20 | AWI »The Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and »Broken silence in cold and darkness«, 1989 Marine Research has reason to celebrate…«, 1980 Page 46 | The circulation of the polar oceans Page 23 | Neumayer Station »An ocean of numbers«, 1990 »Position: 70° 39‘ S, 08° 15‘ W«, 1981 Page 49 | Marine geology Page 26 | The research vessel Polarstern »A voyage into the unknown«, 1991 »Polarstern – Indispensable for research at sea«, 1982 Page 52 | The Potsdam Research Unit »Wilderness, wind & Page 30 | Polar aircraft »View from above – Flying across waves: building blocks for a climate model«, 1992 the vastness of the ice«, 1983 Page 56 | Press and Public Relation Page 33 | Infrastructure in Bremerhaven »From a modest »Up close. Work for the media and public«, 1993 beginning to becoming the centre of German polar and Page 58 The Dallmann Laboratory marine research«, 1984 | »Ice-free in the Antarctic«, 1994 Page 34 Marine research in the North Sea | Page 60 Seal research »Ocean dwellers out of breath«, 1985 | »Survival strategy in the cold«, 1995 Page 38 Krill research | Page 62 Transfer of Technology at the Alfred Wegener »How do krill make it through the winter?«, 1986 | Institute »Preparing Black Beauty to join the race«, 1996 Page 40 | Diatom research »Micro-world collection«, 1987 6 1980 ~ 2005 AAWI014WI014 RRZZ MMagazin_2teagazin_2te AAuflage_d+e.indduflage_d+e.indd 6 224.11.20054.11.2005 117:16:567:16:56 UUhrhr Page 49 | Hightech – modern equip- Page 58 | Cooperation – The Dall- Page 76 | Education – promotion of ment fascilitated the discovery of mann Laboratory was the first sci- young talents starts early in the in- submarine volcanos. entific station in Antarctica that stitute. was jointly operated by different nations. Page 64 | Climate dependent mechanisms of adaptation Page 82 | Sea ice research »The limits of life«, 1997 »Understanding the underside: 25 years Sea ice research«, 2005 Page 66 | The Biological Institute on Helgoland »Piggy-back into the Wadden Sea – new residents near Page 84 | The future of the Alfred Wegener Institute Helgoland and Sylt«, 1998 »Alfred Wegener Institute: Centre of German polar and marine research« Page 70 | The Filchner Station »In the flow of ice. For more than 10 years the Filchner Station had served as a summer station for shelf ice expedi- Page 86 | FINALLY … tions.«, 1999 Page 87 | IMPRINT Page 72 | The scientific cooperation with Russia »Friendship on the ice«, 2000 Page 74 | Glaciological research »Mysteries revealed in yesterday’s snow«, 2001 Page 76 | Development of new talent at the Alfred Wegener Institute »Students in touch with science«, 2002 Page 78 | The deep-sea group »Corporate expedition into the deep sea«, 2003 Page 80 | Biological oceanography »Iron rain for the ocean«, 2004 | Years of discovery 7 AAWI014WI014 RRZZ MMagazin_2teagazin_2te AAuflage_d+e.indduflage_d+e.indd 7 224.11.20054.11.2005 117:17:237:17:23 UUhrhr 02 | Sea ice in the Arctic 8 1980 ~ 2005 AAWI014WI014 RRZZ MMagazin_2teagazin_2te AAuflage_d+e.indduflage_d+e.indd 8 224.11.20054.11.2005 117:17:387:17:38 UUhrhr PHOTO GALLERY | Polar and marine research are funda- mental to the understanding of natural processes and their changeabilities on our planet. The extreme environments of the polar regions and the oceans significantly influence global climate events. Scientifically based global environ- mental management can only be meaningful if natural and anthropogenic changes to the global environment are better understood. | Years of discovery 9 AAWI014WI014 RRZZ MMagazin_2teagazin_2te AAuflage_d+e.indduflage_d+e.indd 9 224.11.20054.11.2005 117:17:507:17:50 UUhrhr 03 | The extreme conditions in the polar regions set highest requirements of humans and equipment. 10 1980 ~ 2005 AAWI014WI014 RRZZ MMagazin_2teagazin_2te AAuflage_d+e.indduflage_d+e.indd 1100 224.11.20054.11.2005 117:17:567:17:56 UUhrhr 04 | Penguins are flightless birds. In Antarctica, eighteen different species are found. | Years of discovery 11 AAWI014WI014 RRZZ MMagazin_2teagazin_2te AAuflage_d+e.indduflage_d+e.indd 1111 224.11.20054.11.2005 117:18:037:18:03 UUhrhr 05 | Polarstern is a double-hulled research icebreaker. She is capable of work at ambient temperatures down to -50°C and can, if necessary, over-winter in the ice of the polar seas. 12 1980 ~ 2005 AAWI014WI014 RRZZ MMagazin_2teagazin_2te AAuflage_d+e.indduflage_d+e.indd 1122 224.11.20054.11.2005 117:18:107:18:10 UUhrhr 06 | Iceberg in the Antarctic Ocean | Years of discovery 13 AAWI014WI014 RRZZ MMagazin_2teagazin_2te AAuflage_d+e.indduflage_d+e.indd 1133 224.11.20054.11.2005 117:18:167:18:16 UUhrhr 07 | Alfred Wegener and his team during the last phase of the Greenland traverse in 1913. Wegener has gone down in history as one of the greatest German polar researchers and geoscientists. His reputation is based primarily on the theory of continental drift, which he co-founded and publicised. 14 1980 ~ 2005 AAWI014WI014 RRZZ MMagazin_2teagazin_2te AAuflage_d+e.indduflage_d+e.indd 1144 224.11.20054.11.2005 117:18:227:18:22 UUhrhr | Years of discovery 15 AAWI014WI014 RRZZ MMagazin_2teagazin_2te AAuflage_d+e.indduflage_d+e.indd 1155 224.11.20054.11.2005 117:18:277:18:27 UUhrhr 08 | Sun dog in the Arctic 16 1980 ~ 2005 AAWI014WI014 RRZZ MMagazin_2teagazin_2te AAuflage_d+e.indduflage_d+e.indd 1166 224.11.20054.11.2005 117:18:307:18:30 UUhrhr | Years of discovery 17 AAWI014WI014 RRZZ MMagazin_2teagazin_2te AAuflage_d+e.indduflage_d+e.indd 1177 224.11.20054.11.2005 117:18:397:18:39 UUhrhr 09 | Polar bears have a circumpolar distribution across the Arctic. They live on pack ice, ice floes, islands and along coasts. They can grow to 3 metre length and 1.50 metre height, and males may reach 650 kg in weight. 18 1980 ~ 2005 AAWI014WI014 RRZZ MMagazin_2teagazin_2te AAuflage_d+e.indduflage_d+e.indd 1188 224.11.20054.11.2005 117:18:447:18:44 UUhrhr 10 | Aerial photograph of tidal flats in »Königshafen« to the north of Sylt; with Blue Mussel beds noticeable as dark areas, the island of »Uthörn«, and the meandering tidal channel in Königshafen Bay. | Years of discovery 19 AAWI014WI014 RRZZ MMagazin_2teagazin_2te AAuflage_d+e.indduflage_d+e.indd 1199 224.11.20054.11.2005 117:19:097:19:09 UUhrhr 11 | The new building of the Alfred Wegener Institute, inaugurated in May 2004, is located near the »Fischereihafenschleuse« in Bremerhaven. On 7,600 square metres, the building houses offices as well as biological and chemical laboratories for 240 employees. THE ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE for Polar and Marine Research has reason to celebrate… 1980 Text TIM SCHRÖDER On July 15, 1980, the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) was inaugurated in Bremerhaven.
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