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Blue Ash (Fraxinus Quadrangulata) in Canada

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Blue Ash (Fraxinus Quadrangulata) in Canada Species at Risk Act Management Plan Series Management Plan for the Blue Ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata) in Canada Blue Ash 2016 Recommended citation: Environment Canada. 2016. Management Plan for the Blue Ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata) in Canada. Species at Risk Act Management Plan Series. Environment Canada, Ottawa. iv + 25 pp. For copies of the management plan, or for additional information on species at risk, including the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) Status Reports, residence descriptions, action plans, and other related recovery documents, please visit the Species at Risk (SAR) Public Registry1. Cover illustration: Blue Ash on Pelee Island by John Ambrose. This photograph may not be reproduced separately from this document without permission of the photographer. Également disponible en français sous le titre « Plan de gestion du frêne bleu (Fraxinus quadrangulata) au Canada » © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2016. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-0-660-04377-7 Catalogue no En3-5/69-2016E-PDF Content (excluding the illustrations) may be used without permission, with appropriate credit to the source. 1 http://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca Management Plan for the Blue Ash 2016 Preface The federal, provincial, and territorial government signatories under the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk (1996)2 agreed to establish complementary legislation and programs that provide for effective protection of species at risk throughout Canada. Under the Species at Risk Act (S.C. 2002, c.29) (SARA), the federal competent ministers are responsible for the preparation of management plans for listed species of special concern and are required to report on progress five years after the publication of the final document on the SAR Public Registry. The Minister of the Environment and the Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency are the competent ministers under SARA for the Blue Ash and have prepared this management plan as per section 65 of SARA. To the extent possible, it has been prepared in cooperation with the Government of Ontario, and any others as per section 66(1) of SARA. Success in the conservation of this species depends on the commitment and cooperation of many different constituencies that will be involved in implementing the directions set out in this plan and will not be achieved by Environment Canada and the Parks Canada Agency, or any other jurisdiction alone. All Canadians are invited to join in supporting and implementing this plan for the benefit of the Blue Ash and Canadian society as a whole. Implementation of this management plan is subject to appropriations, priorities, and budgetary constraints of the participating jurisdictions and organizations. 2 http://registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=en&n=6B319869-1#2 i Management Plan for the Blue Ash 2016 Acknowledgments The initial draft of this management plan was prepared for the Canadian Wildlife Service by Judith Jones, Winter Spider Eco-Consulting. The document was facilitated by Bruna Peloso (Consulting Biologist). Madeline Austen, Lesley Dunn, Elizabeth Rezek (Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service - Ontario) reviewed and provided comments and advice during the development of this document. The management plan has also benefited from input, review and suggestions from the following individuals: Manon Dubé (Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service -National Capital), Region), Tammy Dobbie and Gary Allen (Parks Canada Agency), and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry3 staff. The following people are gratefully acknowledged for providing information: Mhairi McFarlane, The Nature Conservancy of Canada; Tammy Dobbie, Point Pelee National Park; Muriel Andreae, St. Clair Region Conservation Authority; Carol Quinlan, Upper Thames River Conservation Authority; and Bill Rozel, City of Windsor. John Ambrose is thanked for the use of the photo on the cover. Acknowledgement and thanks is given to all other parties that provided advice and input used to help inform the development of this management plan including various Aboriginal organizations and individuals, landowners, citizens and stakeholders who provided input and/or participated in consultation meetings. 3 In July, 2014, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR) became the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF). ii Management Plan for the Blue Ash 2016 Executive Summary Blue Ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx.) is currently listed as special concern on Schedule 1 of the Species at Risk Act (SARA) and as special concern under the Ontario Endangered Species Act 2007 (ESA). Mature Blue Ash is a medium-sized tree generally less than 21m tall, with opposite, compound leaves. The oval leaflets have short stalks, long-tapering tips, and low teeth on the margins. Although mature trees are somewhat shade tolerant, the seedlings appear to require light for successful establishment. Blue Ash is known to have mast years where there is heavy fruiting and then may have several years in between mast years with little or no fruiting. Blue Ash may easily be confused with other ash species and is probably frequently overlooked or misidentified. In Canada, Blue Ash is found in Elgin, Essex, Chatham-Kent, Lambton and Middlesex Counties, and on some islands in Lake Erie, especially Pelee Island. Some of the largest populations are in the watersheds of the Thames River, Sydenham River, and Catfish Creek. In 2000, approximately 37 Canadian occurrences of this species were recognized by COSEWIC, with an estimated fewer than 1,000 trees in total in Canada, based on counts at 21 sites. There may be 40 or more occurrences in Canada, however recent population numbers to determine total abundance are not available. Threats to Blue Ash include damage or mortality from the invasive Emerald Ash Borer; loss of habitat from conversion of land to agricultural fields, urban development, aggregate operations, or vineyards; livestock grazing; off-trail recreational activities; damage and nitrification of soils from Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus); and lack of natural disturbance to maintain suitable conditions. The management objective for Blue Ash is to maintain the current distribution and abundance of the Canadian population of Blue Ash. A number of conservation measures are suggested which will best be achieved through an integrated approach with recovery initiatives for other species co-occurring in forest habitats occupied by Blue Ash within the Carolinian Zone of Canada. iii Management Plan for the Blue Ash 2016 Table of Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................. i Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................ii Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ iii 1. COSEWIC Species Assessment Information ....................................................... 1 2. Species Status Information ................................................................................... 1 3. Species Information .............................................................................................. 2 3.1. Species Description .......................................................................................... 2 3.2. Population and Distribution ............................................................................... 3 3.3. Needs of the Blue Ash ...................................................................................... 5 3.4. Limiting Factors ................................................................................................. 8 4. Threats ................................................................................................................. 9 4.1. Threat Assessment ........................................................................................... 9 4.2. Description of Threats ..................................................................................... 10 5. Management Objective ....................................................................................... 13 6. Broad Strategies and Conservation Measures ................................................... 13 6.1. Actions Already Completed or Currently Underway ........................................ 13 6.2. Broad Strategies ............................................................................................. 15 6.3. Conservation Measures .................................................................................. 15 7. Measuring Progress ........................................................................................... 16 8. References ......................................................................................................... 17 Appendix A: Effects on the Environment and Other Species ........................................ 23 Appendix B: Control of the Emerald Ash Borer ............................................................. 25 iv Management Plan for the Blue Ash 2016 1. COSEWIC* Species Assessment Information Date of Assessment: November, 2000 Common Name (population): Blue Ash Scientific Name: Fraxinus quadrangulata COSEWIC Status: Special Concern Reason for Designation: A tree of restricted range within the Carolinian forests of southwestern Ontario
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