Appendix 15 Mapping Vegetation Communities in ONSR

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Appendix 15 Mapping Vegetation Communities in ONSR Appendix 15. ONSR USNVC Natural Community Descriptions TABLE OF CONTENTS N.B. Global components printed from Biotics on 12, Oct. 2005. Subset: Ozark National Scenic Riverways. (Copyright © 2005 NatureServe). OVERVIEW OF VEGETATIVE DESCRIPTIONS..........................................................................................3 I. FOREST..............................................................................................................................................................6 I.A.8.N.b. Rounded-crowned temperate or subpolar needle-leaved evergreen forest.................................................... 6 Pinus echinata Forest Alliance................................................................................................................................................................ 6 Pinus echinata / Vaccinium (arboreum, pallidum, stamineum) Forest...................................................................................................... 6 I.B.2.N.a. Lowland or submontane cold-deciduous forest............................................................................................... 10 Quercus alba - (Quercus rubra, Carya spp.) Forest Alliance .............................................................................................................. 10 Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Quercus muehlenbergii / Cercis canadensis Forest............................................................................. 10 Quercus alba / Cornus florida Unglaciated Forest.................................................................................................................................. 15 Quercus rubra - (Acer saccharum) Forest Alliance ............................................................................................................................. 19 Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Acer saccharum - Carya cordiformis / Lindera benzoin Forest .......................................................... 19 Quercus stellata - Quercus marilandica Forest Alliance...................................................................................................................... 24 Quercus stellata - Quercus marilandica - Carya (glabra, texana) / Vaccinium arboreum Forest.......................................................... 24 Quercus stellata - Quercus marilandica - Carya (glabra, texana) / Vaccinium arboreum Forest – Igneous Phase............................... 28 Quercus stellata Flatwoods Forest Alliance ......................................................................................................................................... 31 Quercus stellata / Cinna arundinacea Flatwoods Forest ........................................................................................................................ 31 Quercus velutina - Quercus alba - (Quercus coccinea) Forest Alliance.............................................................................................. 34 Quercus velutina - Quercus alba - Carya (glabra, ovata) Forest............................................................................................................ 34 Quercus velutina - Quercus coccinea - Carya texana Ozark Forest ....................................................................................................... 39 I.B.2.N.d. Temporarily flooded cold-deciduous forest..................................................................................................... 43 Acer negundo Temporarily Flooded Forest Alliance.......................................................................................................................... 43 Acer negundo Forest................................................................................................................................................................................ 43 Acer saccharum - Carya cordiformis Temporarily Flooded Forest Alliance..................................................................................... 48 Acer (saccharum, barbatum) - Quercus rubra - Carya cordiformis / Asimina triloba Forest ................................................................ 48 Platanus occidentalis - (Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Celtis laevigata, Acer saccharinum) Temporarily Flooded Forest Alliance ..... 52 Fraxinus pennsylvanica - Celtis spp. - Quercus spp. - Platanus occidentalis Bottomland Forest .......................................................... 52 Platanus occidentalis - Acer saccharinum - Juglans nigra - Ulmus rubra Forest .................................................................................. 56 I.C.3.N.a. Mixed needle-leaved evergreen - cold-deciduous forest ................................................................................. 61 Juniperus virginiana - Quercus (muehlenbergii, stellata) Forest Alliance ......................................................................................... 61 Quercus muehlenbergii - Juniperus virginiana - Acer saccharum / Frangula caroliniana Forest......................................................... 61 Pinus echinata - Quercus (alba, falcata, stellata, velutina) Forest Alliance........................................................................................ 65 Pinus echinata - Quercus (alba, rubra) / Vaccinium (arboreum, pallidum) / Schizachyrium scoparium – Chasmanthium sessiliflorum – Solidago ulmifolia Forest...................................................................................................................................................................... 65 Pinus echinata – Quercus velutina – Quercus stellata / Vaccinium spp. Forest ..................................................................................... 70 II. WOODLAND..................................................................................................................................................75 II.A.4.N.a. Rounded-crowned temperate or subpolar needle-leaved evergreen woodland.......................................... 75 Pinus echinata Woodland Alliance....................................................................................................................................................... 75 Pinus echinata / Rock Outcrop Interior Highland Woodland ................................................................................................................. 75 II.B.2.N.a. Cold-deciduous woodland................................................................................................................................77 Quercus muehlenbergii Woodland Alliance......................................................................................................................................... 77 Quercus muehlenbergii - Fraxinus (quadrangulata, americana) / Schizachyrium scoparium Woodland.............................................. 77 Quercus stellata - Quercus marilandica Woodland Alliance............................................................................................................... 81 Quercus marilandica / Vaccinium arboreum / Danthonia spicata Scrub Woodland.............................................................................. 81 Quercus stellata - Quercus marilandica - Quercus velutina - Carya texana / Schizachyrium scoparium Woodland ............................ 85 II.C.3.N.a. Mixed needle-leaved evergreen - cold-deciduous woodland......................................................................... 88 Pinus echinata - Quercus stellata - Quercus marilandica Woodland Alliance................................................................................... 88 Pinus echinata - Quercus stellata - Quercus marilandica / Schizachyrium scoparium Woodland......................................................... 88 III. SHRUBLAND................................................................................................................................................92 III.B.2.N.d. Temporarily flooded cold-deciduous shrubland.......................................................................................... 92 Hamamelis vernalis Temporarily Flooded Shrubland Alliance......................................................................................................... 92 Hamamelis vernalis - Cornus obliqua - Hypericum prolificum Shrubland............................................................................................. 92 A15-1 Appendix 15. ONSR USNVC Natural Community Descriptions Salix caroliniana Temporarily Flooded Shrubland Alliance ............................................................................................................. 95 Salix caroliniana Temporarily Flooded Shrubland ................................................................................................................................. 95 V. HERBACEOUS VEGETATION...................................................................................................................98 V.A.5.N.m. Saturated temperate or subpolar grassland ................................................................................................. 98 Carex lurida - Carex leptalea - (Carex atlantica, Carex interior, Parnassia grandifolia) Saturated Herbaceous Alliance............. 98 (Carex interior, Carex lurida) - Carex leptalea - Parnassia grandifolia - Rhynchospora capillacea Herbaceous Vegetation.............. 98 V.A.6.N.q. Bedrock temperate or subpolar grassland with a sparse tree layer .......................................................... 102 (Juniperus
Recommended publications
  • Department of Planning and Zoning
    Department of Planning and Zoning Subject: Howard County Landscape Manual Updates: Recommended Street Tree List (Appendix B) and Recommended Plant List (Appendix C) - Effective July 1, 2010 To: DLD Review Staff Homebuilders Committee From: Kent Sheubrooks, Acting Chief Division of Land Development Date: July 1, 2010 Purpose: The purpose of this policy memorandum is to update the Recommended Plant Lists presently contained in the Landscape Manual. The plant lists were created for the first edition of the Manual in 1993 before information was available about invasive qualities of certain recommended plants contained in those lists (Norway Maple, Bradford Pear, etc.). Additionally, diseases and pests have made some other plants undesirable (Ash, Austrian Pine, etc.). The Howard County General Plan 2000 and subsequent environmental and community planning publications such as the Route 1 and Route 40 Manuals and the Green Neighborhood Design Guidelines have promoted the desirability of using native plants in landscape plantings. Therefore, this policy seeks to update the Recommended Plant Lists by identifying invasive plant species and disease or pest ridden plants for their removal and prohibition from further planting in Howard County and to add other available native plants which have desirable characteristics for street tree or general landscape use for inclusion on the Recommended Plant Lists. Please note that a comprehensive review of the street tree and landscape tree lists were conducted for the purpose of this update, however, only
    [Show full text]
  • The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts
    The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory,
    [Show full text]
  • Taxon Order Family Scientific Name Common Name Non-Native No. of Individuals/Abundance Notes Bees Hymenoptera Andrenidae Calliop
    Taxon Order Family Scientific Name Common Name Non-native No. of individuals/abundance Notes Bees Hymenoptera Andrenidae Calliopsis andreniformis Mining bee 5 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Apis millifera European honey bee X 20 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Bombus griseocollis Brown belted bumble bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Bombus impatiens Common eastern bumble bee 12 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Ceratina calcarata Small carpenter bee 9 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Ceratina mikmaqi Small carpenter bee 4 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Ceratina strenua Small carpenter bee 10 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Melissodes druriella Small carpenter bee 6 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Xylocopa virginica Eastern carpenter bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Colletidae Hylaeus affinis masked face bee 6 Bees Hymenoptera Colletidae Hylaeus mesillae masked face bee 3 Bees Hymenoptera Colletidae Hylaeus modestus masked face bee 2 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Agapostemon virescens Sweat bee 7 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Augochlora pura Sweat bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Augochloropsis metallica metallica Sweat bee 2 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Halictus confusus Sweat bee 7 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Halictus ligatus Sweat bee 2 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossum anomalum Sweat bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossum ellissiae Sweat bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossum laevissimum Sweat bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossum platyparium Cuckoo sweat bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossum versatum Sweat bee 6 Beetles Coleoptera Carabidae Agonum sp. A ground beetle
    [Show full text]
  • Chemistry, Pharmacoligy and Clinical Properties of Heracleum Persicuam
    African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Vol. 6(19), pp. 1387-1394, 22 May, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJPP DOI: 10.5897/AJPP12.248 ISSN 1996-0816 ©2012 Academic Journals Review Phytochemistry, pharmacology and medicinal properties of Hypericum perforatum L. Jinous Asgarpanah Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 22640051. Fax: 22602059. Accepted 23 April, 2012 Hypericum perforatum is known as St. John's Wort. H. perforatum extracts and essential oil are important in drug development with numerous pharmacological activities around the world, including Iran. For a long time, H. perforatum has been used in traditional medicines for healing skin wounds, eczema, burns, diseases of the alimentary tract, and psychological disorders especially depression. H. perforatum has recently been shown to have antioxidant, anticonvulsant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antidiabetic activities. Hypericin, pseudohypericin, hyperoside, rutin, quercetin and hyperforin are the main compounds which are reported in this plant. α-Pinene, caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, germacrene D and 2-methyloctane were identified as the major constituents for H. perforatum essential oil collected from different parts of the world. Due to the easy collection of the plant, its widespread and also remarkable biological activities, this plant has become a medicine worldwide. This review presents comprehensive analyzed information on the botanical, chemical and pharmacological aspects of H. perforatum at preclinical and clinical levels. Key words: Hypericum perforatum, hypericaceae, hypericin, antidepressant. INTRODUCTION Hypericum perforatum, commonly known as St. John's branches, linear-oblong, non-toothed, covered with Wort is a flowering plant and is a native from Europe and translucent glands (Figure 2).
    [Show full text]
  • Antiurolithiatic Plants: Multidimensional Pharmacology
    Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2016; 5(2): 04-24 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2016; 5(2): 04-24 Antiurolithiatic plants: Multidimensional Received: 04-01-2016 Accepted: 06-02-2016 pharmacology Salman Ahmed Lecturer, Department of Salman Ahmed, Muhammad Mohtasheemul Hasan, Zafar Alam Mahmood Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Abstract Karachi, Karachi-75270, Urolithiasis is a common problem afflicted for many centuries with high recurrence. The aim of this Pakistan. review is to provide comprehensive information about traditionally used antiurolithiatic plants and their scientifically proved pharmacological activities like analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, astringent, Muhammad Mohtasheemul Hasan demulcent, diuretic, litholytic, lithotriptic, antiurolithiatic, antispasmodic, ACE inhibition and Associate Professor, Department Phospholipase A2 inhibition as a plausible mechanism of action. A total of 503 species, 365 genera and of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of 119 families were cited for treating kidney stones. The most cited families are Asteraceae (41), Fabaceae Pharmacy, University of (34), Lamiaceae (26), Apiaceae (21), Rosaceae (19) and Poaceae (16). The most common used plant Karachi, Karachi-75270, parts are root and rhizome (25%), mode of preparation decoction (62%) and route of administration is Pakistan. oral in all cases. This review will provide the opportunities for the future research and development of new natural antiurolithiatic compounds. Zafar Alam Mahmood Colorcon Limited – UK, Keywords: urolithiasis, antiurolithiatic, natural products, drug development. Flagship House, Victory Way, Crossways, Dartford, Kent, DA26 QD- England. Introduction The belief and observations regarding traditionally used medicinal plants, increasing the interest of people to use natural medicine for their primary health care needs. A wide range of medicinal plants have been used in different countries and cultures as a prophylactic and curative agent for urolithiasis.
    [Show full text]
  • State of New York City's Plants 2018
    STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Illinois Native Trees
    Technical Forestry Bulletin · NRES-102 Checklist of Illinois Native Trees Jay C. Hayek, Extension Forestry Specialist Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences Updated May 2019 This Technical Forestry Bulletin serves as a checklist of Tree species prevalence (Table 2), or commonness, and Illinois native trees, both angiosperms (hardwoods) and gym- county distribution generally follows Iverson et al. (1989) and nosperms (conifers). Nearly every species listed in the fol- Mohlenbrock (2002). Additional sources of data with respect lowing tables† attains tree-sized stature, which is generally to species prevalence and county distribution include Mohlen- defined as having a(i) single stem with a trunk diameter brock and Ladd (1978), INHS (2011), and USDA’s The Plant Da- greater than or equal to 3 inches, measured at 4.5 feet above tabase (2012). ground level, (ii) well-defined crown of foliage, and(iii) total vertical height greater than or equal to 13 feet (Little 1979). Table 2. Species prevalence (Source: Iverson et al. 1989). Based on currently accepted nomenclature and excluding most minor varieties and all nothospecies, or hybrids, there Common — widely distributed with high abundance. are approximately 184± known native trees and tree-sized Occasional — common in localized patches. shrubs found in Illinois (Table 1). Uncommon — localized distribution or sparse. Rare — rarely found and sparse. Nomenclature used throughout this bulletin follows the Integrated Taxonomic Information System —the ITIS data- Basic highlights of this tree checklist include the listing of 29 base utilizes real-time access to the most current and accept- native hawthorns (Crataegus), 21 native oaks (Quercus), 11 ed taxonomy based on scientific consensus.
    [Show full text]
  • Cytogenetics of Fraxinus Mandshurica and F. Quadrangulata: Ploidy Determination and Rdna Analysis
    Tree Genetics & Genomes (2020) 16:26 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-020-1418-6 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Cytogenetics of Fraxinus mandshurica and F. quadrangulata: ploidy determination and rDNA analysis Nurul Islam-Faridi1,2 & Mary E. Mason3 & Jennifer L. Koch4 & C. Dana Nelson5,6 Received: 22 July 2019 /Revised: 1 January 2020 /Accepted: 16 January 2020 # The Author(s) 2020 Abstract Ashes (Fraxinus spp.) are important hardwood tree species in rural, suburban, and urban forests of the eastern USA. Unfortunately, emerald ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis) an invasive insect pest that was accidentally imported from Asia in the late 1980s–early 1990s is destroying them at an alarming rate. All North American ashes are highly susceptible to EAB, although blue ash (F. quadrangulata) may have some inherent attributes that provide it some protection. In contrast Manchurian ash (F. mandshurica) is relatively resistant to EAB having coevolved with the insect pest in its native range in Asia. Given its level of resistance, Manchurian ash has been considered for use in interspecies breeding programs designed to transfer resistance to susceptible North American ash species. One prerequisite for successful interspecies breeding is consistency in chromosome ploidy level and number between the candidate species. In the current study, we cytologically determined that both Manchurian ash and blue ash are diploids (2n) and have the same number of chromosomes (2n =2x = 46). We also characterized these species’ ribosomal gene families (45S and 5S rDNA) using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Both Manchurian and blue ash showed two 45S rDNA and one 5S rDNA sites, but blue ash appears to have an additional site of 45S rDNA.
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Ginger, Asarum Spp
    A Horticulture Information article from the Wisconsin Master Gardener website, posted 27 June 2005 Wild Ginger, Asarum spp. There are 60-70 species of woodland perennials in the genus Asarum. These great foliage plants in the family Aristolochiaceae make excellent ground covers for shady sites. Their leaves vary considerably in texture, colors of green and patterning. They all need rich organic soil with plenty of moisture to thrive. Under favorable conditions they spread quickly and vigorously. Of these numerous species, European wild ginger, A. europaeum, and wild ginger, A. ca- nadense, are the most commonly available to Asarum europeaum has at- tractive glossy leaves. American gardeners. Both spread slowly to form dense colonies once established. The interest- ing but inconspicuous, dark brown, reddish or purple, bell-shaped fl owers are produced near the ground in spring, hidden by the leaves and blending in with The fl owers of wild gin- soil and leaf litter. ger, Asarum canadense, are small, dark-colored European Wild Ginger (A. europeaum) and hidden by the foliage. This elegant plant with glossy, dark green, nearly rounded leaves makes an excellent ground cover. Plants form neat clumps up to 6 inches high and remain evergreen where winters are not too harsh; in Wisconsin the leaves generally die back to the ground. The leaves are produced in pairs and the small, greenish-brown drooping fl owers are rarely noticed, being hidden by the foliage. This plant prefers part to full shade and rich, moist soil – but has done very well in my garden on clay soil with summer sun until about 2:00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 1996
    National List of Vascular Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary Indicator by Region and Subregion Scientific Name/ North North Central South Inter- National Subregion Northeast Southeast Central Plains Plains Plains Southwest mountain Northwest California Alaska Caribbean Hawaii Indicator Range Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes FACU FACU UPL UPL,FACU Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. FAC FACW FAC,FACW Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. NI NI NI NI NI UPL UPL Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. FACU FACU FACU Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. FACU-* NI FACU-* Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. NI NI FACU+ FACU- FACU FAC UPL UPL,FAC Abies magnifica A. Murr. NI UPL NI FACU UPL,FACU Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral FACW+ FAC+ FAC+,FACW+ Abutilon theophrasti Medik. UPL FACU- FACU- UPL UPL UPL UPL UPL NI NI UPL,FACU- Acacia choriophylla Benth. FAC* FAC* Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. FACU NI NI* NI NI FACU Acacia greggii Gray UPL UPL FACU FACU UPL,FACU Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. NI FAC FAC Acacia minuta ssp. minuta (M.E. Jones) Beauchamp FACU FACU Acaena exigua Gray OBL OBL Acalypha bisetosa Bertol. ex Spreng. FACW FACW Acalypha virginica L. FACU- FACU- FAC- FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider FACU- FAC- FACU FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Humm. FAC* NI NI FAC* Acanthomintha ilicifolia (Gray) Gray FAC* FAC* Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl OBL OBL Acer circinatum Pursh FAC- FAC NI FAC-,FAC Acer glabrum Torr. FAC FAC FAC FACU FACU* FAC FACU FACU*,FAC Acer grandidentatum Nutt.
    [Show full text]
  • S M Acer Saccharinum L
    S M Acer saccharinum L. bundant in some localities, silver A maple is a common tree, found throughout the state except along the coast. It grows largely on sandy banks along streams, usually attaining a height of 60–80 feet and a diameter of 2–3 feet. The trunk normally separates into 3 or 4 upright secondary stems, devoid of branches for some distance. The branches are long and slender, often pendulous. The bark on young trees is smooth, gray, slightly tinged with red. On old trees, it is reddish-brown, fur- rowed, and separated into large thin scales that are loose at the bottom.Twigs are chestnut brown and shiny. The leaves are opposite, deeply In Maine, silver maple is most five-lobed; and the edges are irregular common along major rivers. and sharply toothed. The upper surface is pale green, the lower, silvery white. They turn a pale yellow in fall. 76 SILVER MAPLE E L P A M The flowers are on very short stalks and in clusters. They are green- ish-yellow or sometimes pinkish, open- ing early, long before the leaves appear. The fruit is paired, winged and ripens in spring. Frequently, one of the pair does not fully develop. The twigs are curved upward at the tip, orange or red-brown above and green below, slender, with a bitter taste and a rank odor when broken. The wood is softer than that Silver maple has large globe-shaped flower of the hard maple, close-grained, not buds and smaller vegetative buds. durable and easily worked.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Tennessee Instructor Copy
    Copy This chapter is an edited version An Overview of the Physical of a manuscript by the same title Environment, Flora, and written by Edward W. Chester. Vegetation of Tennessee In addition to editing, some 2 material has been deleted from and some added to the original Instructormanuscript by the editors of this publication. Portions of the original manuscript were condensed from Guide to the Vascular Plants of Tennessee, compiled and edited by the Tennessee Flora Committee. Copyright © 2015 by The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville. Used by permission granted to Edward W. Chester. See author’s notes for additional Tennessee information. of University Copy AUTHOR'S NOTES A more complete discussion of the topics in this chapter can be found in Chapter 1, “The Physical Environment of Tennessee” (written by Edward W. Chester) and Chapter 3, ”An Overview of the Vegetation of Tennessee” (coauthored by Hal R. DeSelm and William H. Martin) in the Guide to the Vascular Plants of Tennessee referenced at the beginning of this chapter. The contents of the two chapters are based on almost 200 combined years of study by the three authors and the nearly 100 references they cite. The authors are: Instructor Edward W. Chester, Professor Emeritus of Biology and Botany, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tenn. Hal R. DeSelm (deceased), Professor Emeritus of Botany and the Graduate Program in Ecology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville. Dr. DeSelm died on July 12, 2011. William H. Martin, Professor Emeritus of Biology and Director of the Division of Natural Areas, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond. He served as Commissioner of Kentucky's Department for Natural Resources from 1992 to 1998.
    [Show full text]