UNDERSTANDING PAUL the Insights of Dom Columba Marmion and Elisabeth of the Trinity
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CELIA KOURIE UNDERSTANDING PAUL The Insights of Dom Columba Marmion and Elisabeth of the Trinity Joseph Columba Marmion (1858-1923) and Elisabeth Catez (1880-1906) – both great lovers of the apostle Paul, and both devoted to the Trinity – what do they have to teach us in today’s secular society? What message can they impart to many who may never have experienced the richness of scripture or the won- der of the divine life in the depths of the human person?1 It is interesting to note that apart from sharing a deep spirituality, based on the ‘gospel’ of Paul, particularly the mystery of living ‘in Christ’ and sharing his divine life, there are one or two incidents in the lives of both Marmion and Elisabeth that bear a certain resemblance. Firstly, both had a mystical experi- ence in their young adulthood which, while it was not dramatic, remained with them for the remainder of their lives, and supported them throughout the var- ious trials of the Christian, and particularly the religious, life.2 Secondly, both experienced a time of distress and doubt just before their commitment to their chosen path.3 Elisabeth died at a very young age, but left behind a spiritual legacy in the form of some occasional writings, one or two treatises, some poetry and a large correspondence – 346 letters written to people in all walks of life. In fact, of the 57 people that Elisabeth wrote to, 50 were lay persons. Dom 1 One of the more recent works on Dom Marmion is by Mark Tierney, Dom Columba Marmion: A biography, Dublin 1994. I was unable to obtain this book in time for the present article. 2 The spirituality of Dom Marmion and Elisabeth is ordinary – not characterised by visions, etc. Dom Marmion states clearly that he has no attraction for any extraordinary graces (M.M. Philipon, The Spiritual Doctrine of Dom Marmion, London 1956, 84). However, an event took place when, as a student on the way to the study-hall, Dom Marmion experienced a ‘light on God’s infinity’ – an experience that was to be of enduring significance throughout his life. Likewise, Elisabeth, during a visit to Père Vallée, her spiritual director, in 1900, became aware of the presence of the indwelling Trinity – an experience which was to ground her spirituality within this great mystery for the remainder of her short life. 3 On the eve of Dom Marmion’s entry into the seminary, he was almost overcome with doubt and struggled within himself whether he should enter. His doubts were overcome, and his chosen path was undertaken. In similar fashion, Elisabeth went through a similar crisis of faith on the eve of her profession in Carmel. We can be grateful that these two heroic people persevered in their faith, and as a result bequeathed such riches by way of their teaching. 38 CELIA KOURIE Marmion was aquainted with the writings of Elisabeth. In a letter written in August, 1919 to Mother Agnes of the Dijon Carmel, Marmion writes, ‘Je con- nais déjà Elisabeth de la Sainte Trinité. […] Cette sainte âme, Sr Elisabeth, avait compris le mystère de Notre Seigneur. Elle l’avait appris a l’école du grand saint Paul, et le Saint-Esprit a rempli son âme d’admirable clartés pour pénétrer dans l’obscurité divine du Sainte des Saints’.4 It is most likely that Elisabeth was a source of spiritual strength for Dom Marmion, and many of his ideas resonate with those expressed in her mystical writings. A central characteristic of the spirituality of Elisabeth and Dom Marmion is its deeply scriptural character. The Bible provided sustenance and inspiration, and the words of Paul formed a deep impression on these two saintly persons. The aim of this short study is to examine a few of the salient aspects of their read- ing of Paul, namely, conformity to Christ, suffering, and also very briefly their understanding of the Trinity. CONFORMITY TO CHRIST For both Dom Marmion and Elisabeth of the Trinity, Jesus is the paradigm, examplar and enabler for his followers, and shows them what it means to be the image and likeness of God. To be conformed to the image of Christ is the high- est aspiration and attainment in the life of the Christian. Jesus shows us what it means to know the Father in mystical simplicity and to live life in a divine way. It is noteworthy that Elisabeth had inscribed on the back of her profession cru- cifix, ‘It is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me’ (Gal 2:20b) – a clear indication of her desire to be transformed into the image of Christ. Both Elisabeth and Dom Marmion took seriously the words of Paul in Philippians 4:13, and both drew immense comfort from the fact that only in Christ could the process of sanctification take place. Dom Marmion is at pains to illustrate the fundamental fact that Christ is not so much a model to be imitated, but rather sanctity ‘consists in becoming by grace what Jesus Christ is by nature, the child of God. […] If I were asked in what the spiritual life consisted, I would answer: Christ’.5 Thus, for Dom Marmion, life ‘in Christ’ is the Leitmotif of his entire corpus of teaching. Faithfully following Paul, Dom Marmion’s under- standing of what it means to live and move and have one’s being ‘in-Christ’ effects a new awareness of life, the constituent element of which is freedom 4 R. Thibaut, L’union à Dieu dans le Christ d’après les lettres de direction de Dom Marmion, Denée 1957, 299-300. 5 Philipon, The Spiritual Doctrine, 99. UNDERSTANDING PAUL 39 from the old life of law and sin; and a new sense of belonging to an utterly dif- ferent locale of existence (cf Col 3:3). The believer is a member of a new race of redeemed women and men, whose life is characterised by the fruit of the Spirit (Gal 5:22-23); faith (Eph 1:12); wisdom, strength (1 Cor 4:10); and truthfulness (Rom 9:1). Above all, it is ‘in Christ’ that total and perfect praise can be offered to the Father. For Elisabeth, the powerful Pauline expression ‘in Christ’ or ‘in Christ Jesus’ determined her life as a Christian and as a Carmelite. This formula ‘is a syn- thesis of her entire doctrine and can be understood as the existential response of the young Carmelite to the salvific vocation received from God. Hence her life […] becomes a mystical existence in Jesus Christ, who leads her […] beyond the finite and into the realms of the eternal and infinite God’.6 Trans- formation in Christ is therefore the foundation of Elisabeth’s scriptural mysti- cism, in the very mundane activities of everyday life. It does not presuppose extraordinary states of consciousness, although there may well be ‘mystical touches’ at times, when the window of eternity is opened, and the fresh breeze of the Spirit allows a glimpse into Reality. However, as Dunn speaking of Christ-mysticism states, ‘… union with Christ for Paul is not characterised by lofty peaks of spiritual excitment and ecstasy, experiences of visions, revelations […] or high inspiration but more typically by self-giving love, by the cross – union with Christ is nothing if it is not union with Christ in his death’.7 For Elisabeth such union with Christ is closely allied to her understanding of bap- tism: ‘Par le baptême dit saint Paul, nous avons été entés en Jésus-Christ. Et encore, “Dieu nous a fait asseoir dans les Cieux en Jesus-Christ afin de montrer aux siècles à venir les richesses de sa grâce” […] c’est le baptême qui t’a faite enfant d’adoption, qui t’a marquée du sceau de la Trinité Sainte!’.8 Elisabeth’s mystical insight explicates and illuminates the doctrine of baptism as that which seals and marks the believer in the Trinity. Grounded in Christ, the dis- ciple becomes a new creation, and a sharer in the divine nature. Baptism estab- lishes a fundamentally new direction in life. There is what is called a liminal dimension to baptism: there is a threshold to be crossed in moving from one state of being or social status to another; an abyss to be bridged, a re-condi- tioning of consciousness and a new allegiance, a declaration of the acceptance of Christ’s Lordship. 6 L. Borriello, Spiritual Doctrine of Blessed Elisabeth of the Trinity: Apostolic Contemplative, New York 1986, 49. 7 J. Dunn, Unity and Diversity in the New Testament, London 1997, 195. 8 C. De Meester, Elisabeth de la Trinité: J’ai trouvé Dieu. Oeuvres Complètes, Tome 1a, Paris 1985, 97, 137. 40 CELIA KOURIE Dom Marmion, commenting on Paul’s description of the baptised as a ‘new man’ – one who has ‘… put on the new nature, created after the likeness of God in true righteousness and holiness’ (Eph 4:24) – speaks of our being ‘plunged into the sacred waters’ and being ‘born to the Divine life’.9 Baptism effects a reconditioning of consciousness and a change in allegiance – all the more apparent in the early church, when Baptism was conferred on adults after a long period of preparation, and the newly baptised was given a white garment symbolising the purity of their new lives. Believers are now dead to sin and alive in Christ Jesus. Marmion is at pains to point out that this new life of the bap- tised is yet ‘only in a state of germ’.10 It has to develop.