M/S. AATMAJYOT PVT. LTD. (New Proposed Project to Manufacture Formaldehyde, Hexamine along with Resins)
(Formaldehyde-3000MT/Month, Hexamine-150 MT/Month, Phenol Formaldehyde Resin-250 MT/month, Melamine Formaldehyde Resin-250 MT/month, Urea Formaldehyde Resin-250 MT/month)
Survey No. 219 Paiky-1, 220 & 223 paiky-1, Village: Junasadulka, Opp. Dadashrinagar, Taluka: Morbi, District: Morbi, Gujarat.
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report
As per High Court Stay Order No. C/SCA/1782/2013 dated 9/12/2013 (Copy Enclosed in Chapter – 10 on pg. no. 10.6)
Prepared By: T. R. Associates Ganesh Meridian, Block No.: - C, Office No. 605-A, Opp. Kargil Petrol Pump, Nr. Sola Over Bridge, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad-380060.
Email : [email protected] [email protected] Mo. No. 9825371099
YEAR - 2014
EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Compliance to TOR Conditions
No. Condition Compliance status Page no. 1 Executive summary of the project. Given in ch-10 10.1-10.20 Given in the section 1.3 of 1.2 2 Justification of the project chapter-1 Given in the section 1.13 of 1.16 3 Photographs of proposed plant site Chapter-1 Given in the section 1.4 of 1.5 4 Promoters and their back ground chapter-1 Given in the section 1.12 of 1.15 5 Regulatory framework chapter-1 Project site location is given 1.7 in Fig. 1.0 A map indicating location of the project and A Google map showing 66 6 distance from severely polluted area. distance from severely polluted area from project site is given in Annexure - B Project location is shown in 1.10 Google map figure 1.2 7 Project location and plant layout. Plant lay-out is given in the 2.17 chapter-2 Fig. no. 2.5 Given in the chapter-2 2.15 8 Infrastructure facilities including power sources. section no. 2.5.5, Total cost of the project along with total capital cost 9 and recurring cost/annum for environmental Given in chapter - 8 8.1 pollution control measures. Project site location along 1.9 with site map of 10 km area is shown in topo map given in the chapter-1, fig. 1.3 A Google map showing 67 Project site location along with site map of 10 km nearest surface water 10 area and site details providing various industries, bodies & forests from surface water bodies, forests etc. project site is given in Annexure – B. Details of nearby industries 3.5.13 are shown in chapter – 3.5, section - 3.5.5
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Land use based on satellite 3.4.9 - 3.4.19 imagery for the study area of 10 km radius is shown in Present land use based on satellite imagery for the Chapter 3.4, section – 3.4.4 study area of 10 km radius. Details of land & 3.4.5 11 availability for the project along with supporting Details of land availability 2.16 document. for the project is shown in section 2.6, table 2.4 Land documents are 69-98 attached as Annexure - C There is no National Park / 50 Wild life sanctuary / Reserve Forest within 10 Location of National Park/Wild life km radius of the project. 12 sanctuary/Reserve Forest within 10 km radius of Distance of nearby the project. reserved forest from the industry is shown in Annexure – B. Details of the total land and break-up of the land use 13. Section 2.6, table 2.4 2.16 for green belt and other uses. List of products along with the production Chapter-1, Section 1.1 1.1 14. capacities Detailed list of raw materials required and source, 15. Chapter – 2, table – 2.2 2.13-2.14 mode of storage and transportation. Manufacturing process details along with the Given in the Chapter-2, 16. 2.2-2.11 chemical reactions and process flow chart. section no. 2.4. Site-specific micro-meteorological data using 17. temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed Given in section-3.1.1 3.1.2- 3.1.5 and direction and rainfall is necessary. Ambient air quality monitoring at 6 locations within Locations are given in Fig. the study area of 5 km. aerial coverage from project no. 3.1.3 & table 3.1.4(a) 3.1.6-3.1.8 18. site as per NAAQES notified on 16th September, AAQ results are given in 3.1.8-3.1.10 2009. Location of one AAQMS in downwind table – 3.1.5 to 3.1.8 direction. One season site-specific micro-meteorological data One season site-specific 3.1.2-3.1.5 using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind micro-meteorological data 19. speed and direction and rainfall and AAQ data are given in section 3.1.1.
(except monsoon) for PM10, SO2, NOx including AAQ data for PM10, PM2.5,
VOCs shall be collected. The monitoring stations SO2, NOx including VOCs is 3.1.8
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shall take into account the pre-dominant wind shown in table 3.1.5 & 3.1.8 3.1.10 direction, population zone and sensitive receptors Monitoring stations are including reserved forests. Data for water and noise shown in table – 3.1.3 & fig. 3.1.7-3.1.8 monitoring shall also be included. 3.1.4(a) water monitoring data are shown in table – 3.3.1 & 3.3.4-3.3.6 3.3.2 noise monitoring data are shown in table – 3.2.1 3.2.6-3.2.7 Air pollution control measures viz. Multi-cyclone and bag filter etc. shall be proposed for the effective 20. table – 2.9 & Table 2.10 2.25-2.26 control of gaseous emissions within permissible limits. Control methanol emission from drying section. 21. Not Applicable
Details of VOC monitoring system in the working Latest technology will be provided in the 22. zone environment, if any working zone environment.
Name of all the solvents to be used in the process 23. Not Applicable and details of solvent recovery system.
ETP – section 2.9.3 2.22-2.24 Incinerator – N.A. Design details of ETP, incinerator, boiler, scrubbers 24. Flue gas stack- table- 2.14 2.25 /bag filters etc. Scrubber – N.A MDC details – table – 2.15 2.26 Water pollution & its mitigation plan – section 2.19-2.24 Details of water and air pollution and its mitigation 2.9.1 25. plan. Air pollution & its mitigation plan – section 2.9.2 2.24-2.26 Action plan to control secondary fugitive emission 2.26 is given in the chapter-2, Action plan to control and monitor secondary section 2.10.3 26 fugitive emission from all the sources. Action plan to monitor secondary fugitive emission 5.3-5.7 is given in the chapter-5.0, Section 5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.3
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Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site and assessment of ground level Given in table –4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.16-4.17 27 concentration of pollutants from the stack emission Fig. – 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 4.13-4.15 based on site specific meteorological features. Air quality modeling for proposed plant. Permission for the drawl of 33.87 m3/day ground CGWA application will be water from CGWA. Water balance chart including 28 done after getting EC 2.21 quantity of effluent generated recycled and reused Water balance – Fig-2.6 and discharged. Action plan for ‘Zero’ discharge of effluent shall be 29 Given in the section – 2.9.3 2.22-2.24 included. 30 Treatment of phenol in the effluent, if any. Given in the section – 2.9.3 2.22-2.24 Ground water quality 3.3.4- monitoring – table – 3.3.1, 3.3.6 3.3.2 Ground water quality monitoring minimum at 6 Geological features and 3.4.5-3.4.19 locations shall be carried out. Geological features Geo-hydrological status of 31 and Geo-hydrological status of the study area and the study area, section – ecological status (Terrestrial and Aquatic). 3.4.3
Ecological status 3.4.19-3.4.41 (Terrestrial and Aquatic) section - 3.4.6 The details of solid and hazardous wastes Details of solid & hazardous 2.27 generation, storage, utilization and disposal waste – table – 2.16 particularly related to the hazardous waste calorific 32 value of hazardous waste and detailed Action plan for fly ash – characteristic of the hazardous waste. Action plan 9.9-9.10 Section – 9.4 for the disposal of fly ash generated from boiler shall be included. Precautions to be taken during storage and Given in chapter-7, section 33 transportation of hazardous chemicals shall be 7.14-7.15 no. 7.6.4, 7.6.5 clearly mentioned and incorporated. Authorization/Membership for the disposal of 34 Will be obtained after getting EC solid/hazardous waste in TSDF. List of hazardous chemicals (as per MSIHC rule) 35 Section 7.5 7.5 with toxicity levels. A write up on “Safe Practice” followed for methanol 36. handling, storage, transportation and unloading to Section 7.6.4 7.14 be submitted
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A write up on “Treatment of workers affected by 37 Section 7.10 7.21-7.22 accidental spillage of methanol/Phenol”. Locating the plant in open area instead of covered 38. Section 7.11 7.23-7.24 to be reviewed in view of safety consideration. 39 An action plan to develop green belt in 33 % area Section – 4.7 4.35-4.39 Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall be included to harvest rainwater 40 Section - 4.8 4.35-4.39 from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water. Details of occupational health programme. Section 7.8 & Section 7.9 7.18-7.20
(i) To which chemicals, workers are exposed Section 7.9 7.19 directly or indirectly. (ii) How the workers are evaluated concerning their
exposure to chemicals during pre placement and
periodical medical monitoring (iii) Liver function tests (LFT) during pre-placement 41. and periodical examination.
(iv) Whether these chemicals are within Threshold
Limit Values (TLV)/ Permissible Exposure Levels as per ACGIH recommendation. (v) What measures company have taken to keep
these chemicals within PEL/ TLV.
(vi) What are onsite and offsite emergency plan Section 7.19 7.38-7.45 during chemical disaster. Details of occupational health surveillance Section 4.4.10 4.56-4.57 42 programme. Section 7.7 7.16-7.17 Socio-economic development activities shall be in Chapter-3.5, section 3.5.1, 43. 3.5.1-3.5.12 place. 3.5.2, 3.5.3 At least 5 % of the total cost of the project shall be earmarked towards the enterprise social The project will spend 1.5% of the total 44 commitment based on Public hearing issues and profit for CSR activity. item wise details along with time bound action plan shall be prepared & incorporated Detailed Environment management Plan (EMP) Environment management with specific reference to details of air pollution Plan (EMP) with reference 45. 2.24-2.26 control system, water & wastewater management, to air pollution - Section monitoring frequency, responsibility and time 2.10
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bound implementation plan for mitigation Environment management 2.19-2.26 Measure shall be provided. Plan (EMP) with reference to water & wastewater management - Section 2.9.1 Monitoring frequency Table 5.3 5.2 Responsibility and Time 9.10-9.13 bound implementation plan for mitigation measure shall be provided - Section 9.5 EMP shall include the concept of waste- Section - 9.4 9.9-9.10 minimization, recycle / reuse / recover techniques, 46. Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation. 47. Corporate Environmental Responsibility
(a) Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by its Board of
Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report. Section 9.5.2 9.11 (b) Does the Environmental Policy prescribe for standard operating process/ procedures to bring Section 9.5.4 9.12 into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms / conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report.
(c) What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring Section 9.5.2 9.11 compliance with the EC conditions? Details of this system may be given. (d) Does the company has a system of reporting of non compliance / violations of environmental Yes, the company has a system of reporting norms to the Board of Directors of the company and of non compliance / violations of / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This environmental norms to the Board of reporting mechanism should be detailed in the EIA Directors of the company report. Expansion / modernization proposals: 48 Not Applicable
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i. Copy of all the environmental clearance including amendments there to obtain for the project MOEF/ SEIAA shall be attached as an annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring report of the Regional office of the ministry of environment and forest as per circular dated 30th may,2012 on the status of the compliance of condition stipulated in all the existing environmental clearance including amendments should be provided. In addition, status of compliance of consent to operate for the ongoing/existing operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA/EMP report. ii. In case the existing project has not obtained environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the EIA notification 1994 and/or EIA notification 2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/ No objection Certificate and Consent to Operate(in case of units operating prior to EIA notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted further, compliance report to the condition of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted. Any litigation pending against the project and/or 49. any direction/order passed by any Court of Law Not applicable against the project, if so, details thereof. A separate chapter on status of compliance of Environmental Conditions of environmental clearances granted by State / Centre to be provided. 50. As per circular dated 30th may 2012 issued by Not applicable MOEF, a certified report by RO, MoEF on status of compliance of conditions of all ECs on existing unit to be provided in EIA – EMP report. A tabular chart with index for point wise 51. As shown in pages F-M compliance of above TORs. The proponent shall prepare EIA-EMP Report based Public hearing minutes will be incorporated 52. on the above TORs as per the generic structure in the EIA after public hearing. given in Appendix-III of EIA notification 2006 and
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submit the same to the State Pollution Control Board for the Conducting Public Hearing/consultation. The SPCB shall conduct the Public Hearing/ Public Consultation, district-wise, as per the provisions of EIA notification,2006. The issues raised in EIA-EMP Report in the form of tabular chart with financial budget (capital and revenue) along with time schedule of implementation for the complying with the commitments made. The final EIA report shall be submitted to the consultation shall be incorporated in the EIA- EMP report and the final EIA-EMP report submitted to the Ministry for obtaining environmental clearance. The TOR prescribed shall be valid for a period of two years for submission of the EIA-EMP reports 53. --- along with public hearing proceedings (wherever stipulated)
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INDEX
EIA REPORT
1.0 Foreword 1.1 -1.17
1.1 Identification of Project 1.1 1.2 Purpose of Project 1.1 1.3 Need of the project and its importance in the country 1.2 1.4 Promoters and their back ground 1.5 1.5 Project Location 1.5 1.6 Siting Criteria 1.8 1.7 Scope of the Work 1.12 1.8 Impact Assessment Methodologies 1.13 1.9 Environment Management Plan 1.14 1.10 Disaster Management Plan and Occupational Safety 1.14 1.11 Post Study Monitoring Plan 1.14 1.12 Regulatory Frame Work 1.15 1.13 Site Visit Photos 1.16
2.0 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 2.1-2.28
2.1 Type and Importance of the project 2.1 2.2 Location 2.1 2.3 Proposed Product Details 2.2 2.4 Products and Manufacturing Process 2.2 2.4.1 Formaldehyde (37%) 2.2 2.4.2 Urea Formaldehyde Resin (U.F. Resin) 2.5 2.4.3 Melamine Formaldehyde Resin 2.7 2.4.4 Phenol Formaldehyde Resin: 2.8 2.4.5 Hexamine: 2.10
2.5 List of raw materials 2.12 2.5.1 Requirement and storage of raw material 2.12 2.5.2 Storage 2.8 2.5.3 Handling 2.15 2.5.4 Transportation 2.15 2.5.5 Infrastructural Facilities 2.15 2.6 The detailed Area break up for proposed unit 2.16 2.7 Details of Plant and Machineries 2.18 2.8 Requirement of Resources 2.14 2.8.1 Fuel Requirement 2.19 2.8.2 Energy Requirement 2.19 2.9 Environmental Pollution and Control Measures 2.19 2.9.1 Water Pollution 2.19 2.10 Air Pollution 2.24 2.10.1 Flue Gas Emission 2.24 2.10.2 Process Gas Emission 2.24 2.10.3 Fugitive Emission 2.26 2.11 Hazardous / Solid Waste Generation 2.27 2.12 Noise Pollution 2.27
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EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
2.13 Cleaner Production 2.28
3.0 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 3.1.1-3.5.15
3.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT 3.1.1 3.1.1 Micrometeorological Data 3.1.1 3.1.1.1 Meteorological Data From IMD (Post monsoon season) 3.1.2 3.1.1.2 Meteorology –Data Generated at the plant site 3.1.4 3.1.2 selection of AAQ stations 3.1.5 3.1.3 Existing AAQ(Pre-project) status 3.1.6 3.1.4 Results and Discussion 3.1.10
3.2 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 3.2.1 3.2.1 Impact Assessment of Noise Environment 3.2.2 3.2.2 Existing Noise Levels 3.2.2 3.2.3 Methodology of Noise measurement 3.2.4 3.2.4 Data Analysis 3.2.6
3.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT 3.3.1 3.3.1 Water Quality 3.3.1 3.3.1.1 Sample collection and analysis 3.3.1 3.3.1.2 Method of Water Sampling 3.3.3 3.3.1.3 Data Analysis 3.3.4 3.3.1.4 Impacts 3.3.4 3.3.2 Conclusions 3.3.4
3.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT 3.4.1 3.4.1 Methodology of sample collection and analysis 3.4.1 3.4.2 Soil Data analysis 3.4.4 3.4.3 Geo-Hydrological Features 3.4.6 3.4.3.1 Introduction 3.4.5 3.4.3.2 Geology 3.4.5 3.4.3.3 Land Characteristics 3.4.6 3.4.3.4 Rain fall 3.4.6 3.4.3.5 District wise status of ground water Development in Gujarat 3.4.7 3.4.3.6 General Information of Taluka Kalol 3.4.7 3.4.3.7 Climate 3.4.7 3.4.3.8 Geohydrology 3.4.7 3.4.3.9 Ground water condition 3.4.8 3.4.3.10 Depth of Ground Water Table 3.4.8 3.4.3.11 Feasibility of Source at and around Dada Nagar Village & 3.4.8 Project area 3.4.4 Land Use Status 3.4.9 3.4.4.1Data Used 3.4.11 3.4.4.2 Methodology 3.4.11 3.4.4.3 Interpretation Of Remote Sensing Data 3.4.12 3.4.5 Topography of the study area 3.4.18 3.4.6 Ecology and Bio diversity 3.4.19 3.4.6.1 Data Collection And Field Visit 3.4.19
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EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
3.4.6.2 Detail Methodology 3.4.20 3.4.6.3 Detail Sampling Method And Literature Of Review 3.4.23 3.4.6.4 Biodiversity Status 3.4.24 3.4.7 Status of Fauna 3.4.28 3.4.8 Threatened Plants & Animals And Conclusion Note 3.4.32
3.5 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 3.5.1 3.5.1 Introduction 3.5.1 3.5.2 Socioeconomics 3.5.2 3.5.3 Amenities 3.5.8 3.5.4 Site Specific Studies 3.5.13 3.5.5 List of industries 3.5.13 3.5.6 Organization & Manpower 3.5.14 3.5.7 Impacts of the proposed Project 3.5.14
4.0 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS 4.1-4.56
4.1 Introduction 4.1 4.2 Impacts on environment during Construction Phase 4.3 4.2.1 Impact on Land use 4.3 4.2.2 Impact on Soil 4.3 4.2.3 Impact on Air Quality 4.3 4.2.4 Impact on Water Quality 4.4 4.2.5 Impact on Noise Levels 4.4 4.2.6 Impact on Terrestrial Ecology 4.4 4.2.7 Impact on Aquatic Ecology 4.5 4.2.8 Demography and Socio-economics 4.5 4.2.9 Public Expectation 4.6 4.3 Identification of Potential Impacts during Operational Phase 4.6 4.3.1 Impact on Soil 4.7 4.3.2 Impact on Topography 4.8 4.3.3 Impact on Climate 4.8 4.3.4 Impact on Air Environment 4.8 4.3.5 Impact on Water Environment 4.17 4.3.6 Impact on Noise Environment 4.18 4.3.7 Impact on Ecology 4.19 4.3.8 Impact on Socio-Economics 4.20 4.4 Environment Management Plan 4.20 4.5 Environment Management during Construction 4.21 4.5.1 Site Preparation 4.22 4.5.2 Air Quality 4.23 4.5.3 Water Quality 4.23 4.5.4 Noise Levels 4.23 4.5.5 Ecological Aspects 4.24 4.5.6 Storage of Hazardous Materials 4.24 4.5.7 Site Security 4.24 4.5.8 Migrant Laborers 4.25 4.6 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) during Operational Stage 4.26 4.6.1 Soil Quality 4.26 4.6.2 Air Quality Management 4.27 4.6.3 Water Management 4.28 4.6.4 Noise Level Management 4.33
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EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
4.6.5 Solid & Hazardous Waste Management 4.33 4.7 Green Belt Development 4.35 4.8 Rain Water Harvesting 4.40 4.9 Monitoring Of Water Consumption 4.55 4.10 Other Information 4.55
5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ASPECTS 5.1-5.15
5.1 Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures 5.1 5.1.1 Introduction 5.1 5.1.2. Institutional Arrangements for Pollution Control 5.1 5.1.2.1 Organization at Site5.6.1 Organization at Site 5.1 5.2 Environmental Monitoring 5.2 5.2.1 Monitoring and Reporting Procedure 5.2 5.2.2 Methodology for Ambient Air Quality Assessment 5.4 5.2.3 Methodology for Flue Quality Assessment 5.7 5.2.3.1 Stack Gas Monitoring 5.7 5.2.4 Methodology for Water Quality Assessment 5.7
6.0 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1-6.9
6.1 Introduction – Disaster 6.1 6.2 Types Of Disaster 6.2 6.3 Identification of Major Hazards 6.2 6.4 Objectives of the Plan 6.2 6.4.1 Basis of Plan 6.3 6.4.2 Emergency response 6.3 6.4.3 Post Disaster Analysis and Evaluation 6.4 6.4.4 General Recommendations 6.5 6.4.5 The availability, organization, and utilization of resources for 6.5 emergency
7.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES (PUBLIC HEARING + RISK ASSESSMENT STUDY) 7.1-7.69
7.1 INTRODUCTION OF COMPANY 7.1 7.2 OBLECTIVE, PHILOSOPHY & METHODOLOGY OF RISK ASSESSMENT 7.2 7.3 DETAILS OF RAW MATERIALS 7.3 7.4 DETAILS OF FINISHED PRODUCTS 7.3 7.5 LIST OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS ALONGWITH THEIR TOXICITY LEVEL 7.5 AS PER MSIHC RULES 7.6 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES 7.7 7.6.1. Raw Material Storage hazards and controls 7.7 7.6.2. Process hazards and controls 7.10 7.6.3. General Hazards & controls 7.12 7.6.4 Safe Practice for Handling, Storage, Transportation and Unloading 7.14 of Hazardous Chemicals: 7.6.5.: Safe Practice for Handling, Storage, Transportation and 7.15 Unloading of Ammonia: 7.7 Occupational Health Surveillance Programme 7.16 7.8 Occupational Health Programme 7.18
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EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
7.9 Chemicals Which Are Exposed To Workers Directly Or Indirectly 7.19 7.10 Treatment Of Workers Affected By Acccidental Spillage Of Methanol 7.21 7.11 Do’s And Donts’ 7.23 7.12 Risk Analysis And Consequence Analysis 7.26 7.13 Risk Reduction Measurement& Recommendation In View Of Safety 7.36 Consideration 7.14 On Site Emergency Plan 7.38 7.15 Material Safety Data Sheet 7.45
8.0 COST ANALYSIS 8.1-8.2
8.1 Capital Cost 8.1 8.2 Environmental Protection Cost 8.2
9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 9.1-9.13
9.1 Introduction 9.1 9.2 Formation of an Environmental Management System 9.1 9.3 Implementation of an Environmental Management System 9.2 9.4 Concept of Waste-Minimization, Recycle/Reuse/Recover Techniques, 9.9 Energy Conservation, and Natural Resource Conservation 9.5 Institutionalizing Corporate Environmental Responsibility 9.10
10.0 Executive Summary – English & Gujarati 10.1-10.23
11.0 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTATIONS 11.1-11.14
11.1 Introduction of M/s. T.R. Associates 11.1 11.2 Copy of Stay order 11.6 ANNEXURES
A Primary Meteorological Data 1-65
B Google map showing Distance From Severely Polluted Area From Project 66-68 Site & Google Map Showing Surface Water Bodies And Reserve Forest From Project Site.
C Land Documents 69-98
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EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
LIST OF TABLES
No. List of Tables Page No.
1.0 Siting Criteria 1.8 1.1 Salient Features with in 10 km radius surroundings. 1.11 1.2 Scope of work 1.12
2.1 List of Proposed Product 2.2 2.2 Raw materials Consumption in MT/Month 2.12 Packing, storage & transportation details of Raw Material and 2.3 2.14 Product 2.4 Area Break up for proposed unit 2.16 2.5 Equipments required for resin plant 2.18 2.6 Employment Detail 2.19 2.7 Water consumption and Waste water Generation details 2.20 2.8 Capacity of ETP units 2.23 2.9 Flue Gas stacks details 2.25 2.10 Technical Details of MDC- Multi Cyclone Dust Collector 2.25 2.11 Solid Waste/Hazardous Waste details 2.27
3.1.1 Air Monthly Mean values of Metrological Data for 3 Months 3.1.3 Monthly Mean values of Meteorological Data for 3 Month (Primary 3.1.2 3.1.4 Data) 3.1.3 Parameters analyzed and sampling duration 3.1.6 3.1.4 Ambient Air Quality - Methodology 3.1.6 3.1.4 Ambient Air Quality sampling site 3.1.8 (a) Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results 3.1.5 3.1.8 Name of the pollutant: Particulate Matter (PM10) Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results 3.1.6 3.1.9 Name of the pollutant: Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results 3.1.7 3.1.9 Name of the pollutant: SO2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results 3.1.8 3.1.10 Name of the pollutant: Nitrous Oxides (NOx) 3.2.1 Hourly Noise data (Day and Night timings in Leq dB (A)) 3.2.6 3.3.1 Water Quality - Physico-chemical Analysis of Ground Water 3.3.4 3.3.2 Water Quality - Physico-chemical Analysis of Surface Water 3.3.6 3.4.1 Physicochemical Parameters of the soil 3.4.4 3.4.2 Land use Details 3.4.13 3.4.3 Field Survey 3.4.20 3.4.4 Taxonomic Status of plant species: M/s. Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd. 3.4.25 3.4.5 Life form Status of plant species: M/s. Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd. 3.4.26 3.4.6 Common Tree species: M/s. Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd 3.4.26 3.4.7 Wild/Forest Tree species: M/s. Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd 3.4.27 Status of Agriculture and Other Crop Species Recorded: M/s. 3.4.8 3.4.28 Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd 3.4.9 Taxonomical Status of Herpetofauna: M/s. Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd. 3.4.29
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EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Overall Status of Terrestrial and Aquatic Birds: M/s. Aatmajyot Chem 3.4.10 3.4.29 Pvt. Ltd. 3.4.11 Overall Status of Mammals: M/s. Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd. 3.4.32 Habitat-wise checklist of Plant Species recorded in and around the 3.4.12 3.4.36 M/s. Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd. 3.5.1 Population Composition 3.5.3 3.5.2 Occupational Structure 3.5.5 3.5.3 Literacy Status 3.5.7 Basic Amenities detail for study in 10 km radius 3.5.4 3.5.9 (As per census 2001) 3.5.5 Name of nearby industry 3.5.13
4.1 Flue Gas Stack Details 4.10 4.2 Predicted 24 Hourly Short term incremental concentration of SPM 4.16 4.3 Predicted 24 Hourly Short term incremental concentration of SO2 4.16 4.4 Predicted 24 hourly short term incremental Concentrations of NOx 4.16 4.5 Permissible Noise Exposures for Industrial Workers 4.18 4.6 Negative Impacts and Mitigations during Construction Phase 4.25 4.7 Water consumption and Waste Water Generation details 4.29 4.8 Capacity of ETP units 4.32 4.9 Hazardous waste generation and their disposal 4.34 4.10 Categorization of the area for project and greenbelt 4.35 4.11 Recommended Plant Species for Green Belt Development 4.38 4.12 Negative Impacts and Mitigations during Operational Phase 4.53
5.1 Implementation of Schedule 5.1 5.2 Monitoring Schedule for Environmental Parameters 5.3 5.3 Methodology for ambient air quality assessment 5.5 5.4 National ambient quality standards 5.5 5.5 Tolerance limit for drinking water as per IS-10500 1991 5.9 Primary water quality criteria for various uses of fresh water as per 5.6 5.11 CPCB for prevention and control of water pollution (1979) 5.7 General standards for discharge of effluents 5.12
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EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
LIST OF FIGURES
Page No. List of Figures No.
1.1 Topo map showing 10 km radius around the plant site 1.9
1.2 Google map showing plant site 1.10
1.3 Google map showing plant site with surrounding villages 1.10
1.3 Topo map of 10 km radius showing around plant site 1.10
2.1 Process Flow Diagram of Formaldehyde 2.4
2.2 Process Flow Diagram of Melamine formaldehyde resin 2.7
2.3 Process Flow Diagram of phenol formaldehyde resin 2.9
2.4 Process Flow Diagram of Hexamine 2.11
2.5 Plant Lay-Out 2.147
2.6 Water Balance Diagram 2.21
2.7 Flow Diagram of ETP 2.23
Meteorological Wind Rose Diagram for March 2013 to May 3.1.1 3.1.3 2013 (Secondary data)
Meteorological Wind Rose Diagram for March 2014 to May 3.1.2 3.1.5 2014(Primary Data)
3.1.3 Map Showing Ambient Air Quality Locations 3.1.7
3.2.1 Topo Map Showing Noise Sampling Locations 3.2.3
3.3.1 Topo Map showing Water Quality Locations 3.3.2
3.4.1 Map showing Soil Sampling Locations 3.4.3
3.4.2 Land use Map 3.4.14
High Resolution Satellite Image showing 10 km radius 3.4.15 3.4.3 around the plant site
3.4.4 Topography map of the 10 km radius of the study area 3.4.16
3.4.5 Infrastructure facilities 3.4.17
3.4.6 Google image showing in and around the Project Location. 3.4.21
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EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Dominant Land use-Land cover (LuLc) Map of Project Area 3.4.22 3.4.7 (within 10 Kms radii).
3.5.1 3.5.4 (A) Percentage of Population distribution
3.5.2 Distribution of workers 3.5.6
3.5.3 Literacy levels 3.5.8
4.1 Ground Level Concentration of SPM 4.13
4.2 Ground Level Concentration of SO2 4.14
4.3 Ground Level Concentration of NOx 4.15
4.4 Water Balance Diagram 4.30
6.1 On Site Disaster Management Plan 6.5
9.1 Model structure showing information flow 9.11
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EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Identification of the Project
Aatmajyot Chem Private Limited is proposing to manufacture Formaldehyde, Hexamine along with Resins (Melamine Formaldehyde, Urea Formaldehyde and Phenol Formaldehyde) at Survey No. 219 Paiky-1, 220 & 223 paiky-1, Village: Junasadulka, Opp. Dadashrinagar, Taluka: Morbi, District: Morbi, Gujarat. Production details are given below:
Total Quantity No. Product ( MT/Month)
1. Formaldehyde 3000
2. Hexamine 150
3. Phenol Formaldehyde Resin 250
4. Melamine Formaldehyde Resin 250
5. Urea Formaldehyde Resin 250
The detailed list of raw material consumption and products are enlisted in Chapter No. 2, Table No. 2.4.
1.2 Purpose of the Report
The proposed final products like Formaldehyde, Hexamine, Melamine Formaldehyde Resin, Urea Formaldehyde Resin and Phenol Formaldehyde Resin fall under Category 5(f) as stated in Environment Impact Assessment Notification Published on 14th September 2006. Further, the location of the proposed project is outside the notified industrial estate. Hence, the project proponent has to obtain the EC from the Ministry of Environment & Forests, New Delhi. As per the requirements of the notification, an application was submitted to Ministry of Environment and Forest.
As per the requirements of the notification, an application was submitted to Ministry
M/s. T. R. Associates 1.1 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
of Environment and Forest in 28th February, 2014 along with Form-1 and Draft Terms of Reference (TOR). The proposal was considered by the 20th reconstituted expert appraisal committee (industry) in its meeting held during 28th May, 2014 – 30th May, 2014 and the presentation was also conducted. Subsequently The Committee has issued the TOR wide letter No. J-11011/72/2014-IA-II (I) dated 8th July 2014. Based on the TOR points issued by MoEF, a Draft Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report has been prepared covering all aspects of the TOR.
The purpose of the preparation of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) report is not only to obtain Environment Clearance from Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India, New Delhi and State Pollution Control Board, but also to understand the likely impacts and to take Environment Protection measures during and after commissioning of the project.
1.3 Need of the project and its Importance in the Country
Formaldehyde (CH2O) is the simplest and most commercially important aldehyde. It is a colorless gas at room temperature and is soluble in water, alcohols and other polar solvents. Urea-, phenol- and melamine-formaldehyde resins (UF, PF and MF resins) accounted for about 63% of world demand in 2011; other large applications include polyacetal resins, pentaerythritol, methylenebis(4-phenyl isocyanate) (MDI), 1,4-butanediol and hexamethylenetetramine. Most formaldehyde producers are concerned primarily with satisfying captive requirements for derivatives and/or supplying local merchant sales. Formaldehyde is usually produced close to the point of consumption since it is fairly easy to make, is costly to transport and can develop problems associated with stability during transport. As a result, world trade in formaldehyde is minimal.
Construction/remodeling activity, vehicle and furniture production, and original equipment manufacturer (OEM) account for most world consumption of formaldehyde. Demand for these markets is greatly influenced by general economic conditions. As a result, demand for formaldehyde largely follows the patterns of the leading world economies. Formaldehyde resins are used predominantly in the wood products industry as adhesives. Growth of these resins is strongly correlated to
M/s. T. R. Associates 1.2 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
construction/remodeling activity (which accounts for over 50% of consumption), and to a lesser degree, to the automotive industry.
China is the largest single market for formaldehyde, accounting for about 34% of world demand in 2011; other large markets include the United States, Canada, Brazil, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Poland, Russia, Japan and the Republic of Korea. China is forecast to experience fast growth rates (around 7% per year) and significant volume increases in demand for 37% formaldehyde during 2011–2016.
The above graphs show the difference in Demand & Supply of formaldehyde in Asia & world. Asia experiences 5% gap in its demand and supply. Moreover World
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consumption is forecasted to grow at an average annual rate of almost 5% during 2011–2016. Continuing significant-to-rapid demand growth in Asia (mainly China) for most applications will balance out moderate growth in North America, Western Europe, Africa and Oceania.
The proposed products like Resins (Melamine Formaldehyde, Urea Formaldehyde and Phenol Formaldehyde) mainly used to produce Electrical Insulation Board and H.P. Decorative Laminated Sheets. These sheets have good market demand to develop the home and office for furniture.
The other product of this unit like Hexamine is very useful chemical compound. It has many important applications in many areas or fields. The main use of Hexamine is in the production of powdery or liquid preparations of phenolic (phenol formaldehyde) resins and phenolic resin molding compound, where it is added as a hardening component. These products are used as binders, e.g., in brake and clutch linings, abrasive products, no-woven textiles, fire proof materials. Phenol formaldehyde resins include synthetic thermosetting resins got by the reaction of phenol (an organic compound) and formaldehyde. Medical professionals use hexamine as an antibiotic to treat urinary tract infections. The specific medication used is called methenamine hippurate, which is formed by the combination of hexamine and hippuric acid. Hexamine tablets are used by fire-protection laboratories as a clean and reproducible fire source to test the flammability of carpets and rugs. Hexamine is also used in rubber and textile adhesives, in paints and lacquers, in the photographic industry, in the production of deodorants and hair fixers.
The other product of this unit like Formaldehyde has many applications too. The products generated from Formaldehyde include Urea Formaldehyde Resin, Melamine Formaldehyde Resin, Phenol Formaldehyde Resin, Polyoxymethylene plastics, 1,4- Butanediol, and Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate, etc. The textile industry uses formaldehyde-based resins as finishers to make fabrics crease-resistant. Also theses resins are used to produce decorative laminate sheets as mentioned above. Formaldehyde-based materials are very important & essential to manufacture of automobiles, and they are also used to make components for the transmission, electrical system, engine block, door panels, axles and brake shoes.
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In India to meet the current and future market demand, the project proponent intends to start a new unit.
1.4 Promoters and their back ground
Mr. Sureshbhai Patel (Director)
Address Savasar, Plot no: 16 & 17, Nr. Dr. Rupala clinic Morbi, Rajkot-363641. Date Of Birth 12/12/1971
Qualification 12th Pass
Experience Plywood Manufacturing Unit experience 15
Jayantibhai Rajkotiya (Director)
Address 501, Samidha app, royal park, opp om parti plot,ravapar road, morbi, 363641. Date Of Birth 05/10/1965
Qualification B.com., LLB
Experience 24 years Industrial Experience industrial Experience. Currently he is also engaged in Non-woven fabrication.
Ninadbhai J Rajkotiya (Director)
Address 501, Samidha app, royal park, opp om parti plot,ravapar road, morbi, 363641. Date Of Birth 19/07/1994
Qualification 12th Pass
1.5 Project Location
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The proposed site is located at Survey No. 219 Paiky-1, 220 & 223 paiky-1, Village: Junasadulka, Opp. Dadashrinagar, Taluka: Morbi, District: Morbi, Gujarat. It is situated at 70° 49’ 33.24” E Longitude and 22° 56’ 19.93” N Latitude. Proposed site is located 15.6 km from Morbi, and NH 8A is located 0.16 km from the project site. The index map is given in Fig. 1.0.
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Fig. 1.0 Index Map
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1.6 Siting Criteria
The site is selected because of its proximity to availability of raw materials, consumer centers and infrastructure facilities like land, power, water, communication etc. The siting criteria as per the guidelines are given in the following table.
Table 1.0 Siting Criteria
Details Requirement Forest No forest land shall be converted into No forest land is involved the non-forest activity for the sustenance proposed site of the industry (Ref: Forest Conservation Act, 1980). Agricultural No prime agricultural land shall be Agricultural land is involved in land converted into industrial site. the occupied land Odour plants For industry having odour problem it It is not an odour emitting shall be a kilometre wide. industry Layout Enough space should be provided for The total land acquired land is storage of solid wastes so that these 26507 m2 which is enough for could be available for possible reuse. storage. Residential Major habitation (>300000 Nearest Major habitation is area population) shall be atleast 1 km found at a distance of 14 Km distance (South direction) Ecologically / Shall be at least 1 km distance No ecological sensitive zone Sensitive found within 1 km distance zones Recreation Distance shall be 2 km from the plant None within 2 km distance Other similar Radial distance of two similar plants Yes, Graffiti Laminates Pvt. Ltd. plants should be 5 km distance and Om Lamcoat Pvt. Ltd. High way The distance from the NH shall be 0.5 National highway 8A is 0.05 km Km away State High way The distance from the SH shall be 0.5 State highway no. 27is 0.62 km Km in north-East side The salient features of the plant surrounding are listed in Table 1.1. The topographical
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features (Topo map no. F42K13, F42K9, F42E12, F42E16) within 10 km radius distance is shown in Fig 1.1.
Proposed Project
Fig. 1.1 Topo map of 10 km radius showing around plant site
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Fig 1.2 Google map showing plant site
Fig 1.3 Google map showing surrounding villages
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Table 1.1 Salient Features with in 10 km radius surroundings
S.No Important Features Description 1 Location Survey NO. 219 Paiky-1, 220 & 223 paiky-1, Village: Junasadulka, Opp. Dadashrinagar, Taluka: Morbi, District: Morbi, Gujarat.
2 Topomap F42K13, F42K9, F42E12, F42E16 (10 km radius) 3 Longitude 70° 49’ 33.24” E Longitude 4 Latitude 22° 56’ 19.93” N Latitude 5 MSL 111 ft 6. Nearest power station PGVCL (Paschim Gujarat Vij Corporation Ltd.) 7 Proponent Name Mr. Sureshbhai Patel - 098252 23367 8 Corporate office address Shri Vinayak ent, Silver plaza complex, Ram chowak, Morbi-363641. 9 Temperature range 180 C to 450 C 10 Annual Rain fall 510 mm 11 Neatest Road NH – 8A (0.16 Km) 12 Nearest Railway station Nazarbaug railway station (16.8 km). 13 Nearest city Morbi (16.25 km) 14 Nearest village Dada Shrinagar (0.27 km) 15 National HW NO NH: 8A – 0.16 km 16 State HW No SH: 27 – 0.62 km 17 Seismic Zone Zone-III (Less Active) 18 National Parks / Sanctuary None with in 10 km radius
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1.7 Scope of the Work
The EIA study includes determination of baseline conditions, assessment of the Impacts on the environment due to the construction and operation of the project and making recommendations on the preventive measures to be taken, to minimize the impact on the environment to acceptable levels. A suitable post-study monitoring program will be outlined. Preparation of Environment Management Plan will be given based on the emissions and feasibility report. The scope of work is prepared based on MoEF / CPCB guidelines and tabulated below.
Table 1.2 Scope of work Environmental No of Observations Attributes Locations Hourly observations for Temperature, Relative Meteorology 1 Humidity, Wind direction, wind speed & Rain fall during 3 month study period using AWS
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx for 24 hours duration, 2 AAQ 07 times in each week during 12-week study 3 Surface water Locations Parameters to be analyzed as per IS: 2296 (stream standards) 7 Ground water locations (including the place Water 10 near to the plant site) Parameters that are analyzed are as per Analysis of Drinking Water Quality had been carried out as per IS: 10500 Day and night noise levels (Lday, Lnight and Ldn) Noise 07 once in every location Soil samples at selected locations will be analysed for pH, EC, heavymetal, OC, texture to 06 Soil understand nutrient status and possibility of ground water contamination
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Major flora will be eneumerated and the Flora-Fauna & possibility habitation for important species in the Ecology Ecosystem site. Fauna will be listed based on the secondary information. Demography Secondary data for demography, Occupation, & Socio-economic data literacy and amenities will be tabulation to the Occupational villages falling in the study area (Census 2001) details
As per the guidelines, the Generic structure of EIA is given in EIA notification dated 14th September, 2006 is maintained.
1.8 Impact Assessment Methodologies
The baseline data generated were analyzed and compared with applicable standards for each environmental attribute so that the critical environmental areas and also attributes of concern were identified. The short-term and long-term impacts particularly on sensitive targets such as endangered species, crops and historically important monuments were identified.
A qualitative and quantitative assessment of pollution aspects of proposed projects (air, water, noise, soil and socio-economic structure) was done to identify the adequacy of the proposed control measures as well as the likely impact on existing critical areas. Mitigation measures to reduce adverse impacts were suggested.
1.8.1 Air Quality Modeling
Lakes Environment AERMODE VIEW – 8.2 was used for prediction of air quality impacts. This model requires hourly meteorological data which were collected from the site, and the same was used for running the model.
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1.9 Environment Management Plan
Baseline data generated by three months study during March, April & May 2014 in the field and proposed project process studies are used to predict impacts. These impacts are evaluated and final impact assessment is carried out. Environmental Management Plan covers both during construction and operation are given in detail in chapter 4.
1.9.1 Green Belt Development Plan
An extensive green belt development plan for the project site is included in the EIA report.
1.10 Disaster Management Plan and Occupational Safety
A Disaster Management Plan (DMP) for dealing emergency situation arising due to fire, explosion, leakages of hazardous substances, etc. in the plant site is prepared. The plan includes storage, handling, transportation etc. for the hazardous materials to be used in the proposed project.
Occupational risk involved during construction and operation of the plant is assessed and necessary safety ad protective measures are spelt out. The DMP include both onsite and off site plans.
1.11 Post Study Monitoring Plan
The Post Project Monitoring (PPM) plan is prepared considering the following:
i. The proposed pollution control measures for air, wastewater, noise and solid waste (hazardous/non-hazardous) disposal;
ii. Waste minimization; wastewater management, waste reuse and resource recovery; waste segregation to make the treatment and disposal cost- effective;
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1.12 Regulatory Frame Work
The proposed project will abide and function under the purview of the following Rules, Acts & Regulations which are formulated by the governments to save and maintain good environmental conditions
The Water (prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess, Act, 1977 The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 The Environmental (Protection)Act, 1986 Environmental Impact Assessment Notification dated 14th September 2006 and amendments. The Hazardous Waste (MH & TM) Rules, 2009 and its amendments The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals (Amendment) Rules, 2000 Chemical Accident (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996 Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and its amendments The public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001
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1.13 Site Visit Photos
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2.0 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCESS
2.1 Type and Importance of the project
The proposed products like Resins (Melamine Formaldehyde, Urea Formaldehyde and Phenol Formaldehyde), Hexamine, & Formaldehyde are very useful Chemical compounds. It has many important applications in many areas or fields. They have got several advantages as listed below in our daily life.
These Resins are used to manufacture Laminated Sheets, and these laminated sheets are very useful for furniture and other similar application in making magnetic slots and other electrical appliances. The main use of Hexamine is in the production of powdery or liquid preparations of phenolic (phenol formaldehyde) resins and phenolic resin molding compound, where it is added as a hardening component. Medical professionals use hexamine as an antibiotic to treat urinary tract infections. The specific medication used is called methenamine hippurate, which is formed by the combination of hexamine and hippuric acid. Hexamine tablets are used by fire-protection laboratories as a clean and reproducible fire source to test the flammability of carpets and rugs. Hexamine is also used in rubber and textile adhesives, in paints and lacquers, in the photographic industry, in the production of deodorants and hair fixers.
2.2 Location
The proposed plant is located at Survey No. 219 Paiky-1, 220 & 223 paiky-1, Village: Junasadulka, Opp. Dadashrinagar, Taluka: Morbi, District: Morbi and Gujarat State. The base map and topo map showing features around 10 km radius from plant site are showing Fig. 1.1.
The total land area is 26507 Sq. Mt. of which 8748 Sq. Mt. is for greenbelt area development.
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.1 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
2.3 Proposed Product Details
The details of proposed final product and intermediate products are shown in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1 Details of Proposed Final Product
Total Quantity Total Quantity No. Product ( MT/Month) ( MT/Day)
1. Formaldehyde 3000 100
2. Hexamine 150 5
3. Phenol Formaldehyde Resin 250 8.3
4. Melamine Formaldehyde Resin 250 8.3
5. Urea Formaldehyde Resin 250 8.3
2.4 Products and Manufacturing Process
2.4.1 Formaldehyde (37%)
Manufacturing Process:
1. Feed Methanol, air, water vapour Catalyst: Silver 2. The methanol in the measuring storage tank is pumped up to an elevated tank by a methanol pump. After being controlled by measuring, the methanol coming out from the elevate tank flows into an evaporator for vaporization of which the temperature is controlled within 440C ~ 470C and the liquid level is controlled as 50%,then the vaporized methanol gets into a super heater. The heat for the vaporization of methanol is provided by the 700C circulating fluid in the 1st formaldehyde absorber.
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.2 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
3. The air is filtered by a filter before being delivered to the evaporator by a blower. It mixes with the methanol in the evaporator and enters into then super heater together. The air flow is regulated by the blower through frequency conversion to control the flow ratio of air to methanol (A/M=1.8 ~1.95). 4. When the pressure gets stable, the vapour (0.3 MPa) gets into a mist eliminator for dehumidification through the pipeline before entering into the superheat. The flow ratio of air to methanol shall be controlled at desired level. In the formaldehyde production technique using silver as catalysis, the water vapour is an inert gas which does not participate in chemical reactions. The added water vapour changes the explosive range of the methanol and air, the production of formaldehyde thereby becomes far from the explosive area and stays safe and reliable. 5. After the flow rates are regulated and proportioned, the methanol, air and water vapour enter into the super heater and the superheating temperature shall be controlled at 2000C. Then, these materials enter into a reactor. 6. In the reactor, under the catalysis of silver at 6500C, the methanol is dehydrated and oxidised, generating Formaldehyde. Dehydration reaction is an endothermic reaction and oxidation reaction is an exothermic reaction, but the heat release is more than that can adsorbed, therefore the reaction system is a state of heat energy surplus. The water vapour is not involved in reactions but it can absorb a lot of heat of reaction, maintaining the temperature at 6500C.
Chemical Reaction:
CH3OH CH2O + H2 - 20Kcal ------1
CH3OH + ½ O2 CH2O + H2O + 38 Kcal ------2 1-2=18Kcal The 6500C reaction gas leaves the reaction and gets into heat exchanger. For the heat exchanger, the medium is water. The outlet temperature of heat exchanger is 1600C. The water absorbs heat, forming the water vapour of 0.35 MPa which will be used to arranging the raw materials for production in the super heater after its pressure stabilized. The generated gas of about 1600C enters into 1st and 2nd formaldehyde absorber in proper order and gets absorbed by the cooled circulating fluid through spraying.
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.3 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
The temperature of the circulating fluid at the bottom of 1st absorber shall be control at 700C and fluid is pumped to the evaporator by circulating pump to supply the heat for the evaporation of methanol. In the 1st absorber, the concentration shall be controlled as 37%, and temperature of the top shall be controlled at 450 to 500C. The circulating fluid is also a composition of the Formaldehyde product by this technique. The temperature of the top of 2nd absorber shall be controlled at 300 to 350C and keep adding water from top to control the release of formaldehyde.
Process Flow Diagram:
Fig. 2.1 Process Flow Diagram of Formaldehyde
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.4 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
2.4.2 Urea Formaldehyde Resin (U.F. Resin)
Manufacturing Process First all the raw materials Urea & Formaldehyde will be added in Limped reaction vessel. pH will be adjusted to pH 9.0. Stirring & heating will be done up to 95 C for 50 Minutes. Heating will be continued until tolerance (10:40) is achieved. pH will be adjusted to 9 by adding Caustic. Cooling will start Urea Formaldehyde Resin will be ready for Packing.
Chemical Reaction:
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.5 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Process Flow Chart
Urea Limped Reaction Formaldehyde Vessel
pH adjusted to 9
Stirring and Heating up to 95C for 50 Minutes
Caustic pH adjusted to 9
Cooling
Urea Formaldehyde Resin
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.6 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
2.4.3 Melamine Formaldehyde Resin
Manufacturing Process
First all the raw materials melamine, formaldehyde & caustic will be added in Limped reaction vessel. Stirring & heating will be done up to 95 C for 1 Hr. Cooling down to 40 C Melamine Formaldehyde Resin will be ready for Packing.
Chemical Reaction:
N N H2N NH2 fast H2C O N N + N N
NH2 H2C N CH2
melamine formaldehyde OH HO melamine formaldehyde resin
Process Flow Diagram: Fig. 2.2 Process Flow Diagram of Melamine formaldehyde resin
Melamine
Formaldehyde Limped Reaction
Vessel
Stirring and Heating up to 95C for 1 hr
Cooling at 40C
Product: Melamine
Formaldehyde Resin
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2.4.4 Phenol Formaldehyde Resin:
Manufacturing Process:
First all raw materials like phenol, formaldehyde & caustic will be added into closed vessel. Stirring & heating will be done up to 60 C. After 60C stop heating. Reflux is done for 30 minutes up to 98 C. Vacuum distillation will be started. Water will be removed from the vessel as per the batch size. Cooling down to 40 C. Methanol will be added for dilution purpose. Phenol Formaldehyde Ready for Packing.
Reaction Chemistry
OH OH
CH2OH H – CHO
Fast
Phenol Phenol Formaldehyde Resin
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Process Flow Diagram
Phenol Formaldehyde Limped Reaction Caustic Flakes Vessel
Stirring and heating up to 60 C
Reflux for 30 Minutes
Vacuum Distillation
Cooling
Methanol Dilution
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.9 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
2.4.5 Hexamine:
Hexamine is being produced by reaction of formaldehyde with ammonia. The Formaldehyde is taken in the form of formaldehyde gas and is introduced in the reactor containing saturated solution of Hexamine. Ammonia from the Ammonia storage tank is evaporated and purged in the reactor where it reacts with the Formaldehyde to produce Hexamine as per following reaction.
6HCHO + 4 NH3 (CH2)6 N4 + 6H20 Formaldehyde Ammonia Hexamine Water
The Reaction between Formaldehyde and Ammonia is exothermic in nature. The heat of reaction is utilized in evaporating the water, which is formed during reaction. As the reactions proceed and the upper saturation limit exceeds, the hexamine start crystallizing in the mother Liquor. The mother liquor containing hexamine crystal is withdrawn though slurry pumps and pumped to centrifuge where the crystals are separated out. These crystals are dried in rotary drum dried and packed in jute bags for dispatch. The mother liquor from centrifuge is re-circulated back to the reactor.
This is a highly energy efficient process where in the heat of gaseous formaldehyde and heat of reaction are utilized to evaporate the water formed during the reaction. No extra steam is required in reactor and only a small quantity of steam is required for drying of crystallized hexamine.
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.10 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Mass Balance Vacuum
Exhaust
950 kg
99% Water and traces of Ammonia
R
e
Formaldehyde a c t o r 1550 to 1575 kg of Methanol HEXAMINE
Ammonia 1000 kg
510 to 515 kg
Centrifuge
Spent Mother Liquor 140 kg output recycled into process
Input: 2090 KG Output: 2090 KG
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.11 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
2.5 List of raw materials
List of raw materials are given in the Table 2.2. Sr. No. Name of raw materials Consumption Mt/Month Formaldehyde- 3000 MTPM 1 Methanol 1350 Urea Formaldehyde Resin-250 MTPM 1 Formaldehyde 150 2 Urea 100 3 Caustic (NaOH) 1.25 4 Acetic Acid 1.25 Melamine Formaldehyde Resins-250 MTPM 1 Formaldehyde 150 2 Melamine 100 3 Caustic (NaOH) 1.25 Hexamine-150 MTPM 1 Ammonia 73 2 Methanol 237 Phenol Formaldehyde Resin- 250 MTPM 1 Formaldehyde 93 2 Phenol 236
Table 2.2 Raw materials Consumption in MT/Month
2.5.1 Requirement and storage of raw material
For the manufacturing of proposed products like Melamine Formaldehyde resin and Urea Formaldehyde resin, various raw materials will be required. Industry will provide adequate and proper storage facilities for all the raw materials and the finished product. The quantity of raw material consumption for proposed manufacturing is shown in the Table 2.2. A detail of regarding product and raw material storage, packing & transportation is shown in Table 2.3.
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.12 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Type of Packing / Capacity Physical No. Description Storage/ Mode of Transportation of Form storage storage
Raw Materials
1 Methanol Liquid M.S.(U/G Tank) Road/Railway 25 KL
2 Urea Solid Industrial Plastic Bag Road/Railway 100 MT
3 Caustic (NaOH) Solid Woven sack Bag Road/Railway 5 MT
4 Melamine Solid Industrial Plastic Bag Road/ Railway 100 MT
5 Ammonia Gas Cylinder Road/ Railway 25 MT
Products
Captive
Formaldehyde Industrial Plastic consumption & rest 1 Liquid 100KL x 4 (37%) grade Tank will be transported
by road, rail & ship
It will be Phenol Stored in Storage 2 Formaldehyde Semi solid transported by road, 20 MT x 2 tank of Syntex tank Resin rail & ship
It will be Melamine 3 Formaldehyde Semi solid Stored in S.S. Tank transported by road, 50MT Resin rail & ship
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.13 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Type of Packing / Capacity Physical No. Description Storage/ Mode of Transportation of Form storage storage
Stored in Storage It will be Urea 4 Formaldehyde Semi solid tank of MS lined with transported by road, 50MT Resin FRP rail & ship
It will be
5 Hexamine Solid Plastic Bags transported by road, 35 MT
rail & ship
Table 2.3 Packing, storage & transportation details of Raw Material and Product
2.5.2 Storage
Industry will provide adequate and proper storage facilities for all the raw materials and finished products. Corrosive substances will be stored away from the moisture. Solid raw material will be stored in covered area and liquid raw material will be stored in closed horizontal tank. Hazardous chemicals and solid wastes will be stored away from other plant activities. The storage yard of chemicals will be isolated and it will be equipped with all necessary safety measures. In cover-shed area provide natural ventilation system, which consider as 15 % open area of all covered area.
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.14 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
2.5.3 Handling
All the raw materials, finished products and by - products will be handled as per the standard practice. For proper handling, company will adapt good housekeeping technology to entire shed. To avoid any leakage or spillage of chemicals from all storage tanks, third party will inspects transfer lines, valves, fittings and every joint periodically.
2.5.4 Transportation
All the necessary precautions will be taken while carrying out transport of the above materials as per the Hazardous Rules of transportation. The vehicles for transportation of raw materials, by - products and products will be parked at specified loading facilities where there will be a provision of fire extinguishers. The finished product will be transported by road, rail and ship route.
2.5.5 Infrastructural Facilities
The total available area for proposed project is 26507 m2 and unit proposes to develop Green Belt area 8748 m2 of total area of plot.
The project would draw electricity from Gujarat Electricity Board in tune of 250 HP. Industry is nearer National Highway – 8A (0.16 Km)
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.15 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
2.6 The detailed Area break up for proposed unit
The detailed Area break up for proposed unit is shown in Table 2.4
Table 2.4 Area Break up for proposed unit
Sr. Details Area, m2 % No.
1 Built – Up Area 839 3.16
2 Green Belt 8748 33
3 Open/ Road Area 16920 63.82
Total Plot Area 26507 100
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.16 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Fig. 2.5 Plant Lay-Out
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.17 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
2.7 Details of Plant and Machineries
For the production of various products, various plants and machineries will be required. The details of equipments are as mentioned in table 2.5.
Table 2.5 Equipments required for resin plant
SR. Name of Machinery Capacity No. of Units NO
1 Steam Boiler 1 MT 1
1 Lac 2 Thermic Fluid Heater 1 Kcal./hr
3 D. G. Set 300 KVA 1
4 P. F. Reaction Vessel 6 MT 2
5 M. F. Reaction Vessel 6 MT 2
6 U.F. Reaction Vessel 6 MT 2
7 Formaldehyde Reactor 4.2 MT/Hr. 1
8 Hexamine Reactor 0.2 MT/Hr. 1
Note: The project would draw electricity from Gujarat Electricity Board in tune of 250 HP .
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.18 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
2.8 Requirement of Resources
2.8.1 Fuel Requirement
The unit proposes to use Coal / white coal / Agro as fuel for Boiler. The requirement will be waste – 81.6 MT/Month (2.72 MT/Day)
2.8.2 Energy Requirement
Total Energy requirement for the proposed project will be estimated as 250 HP, which will be fulfilled from the Gujarat Electricity Board.
Table 2.6 Employment Detail
Particular No. of persons Male employees 20 Female employees -- Total 20
2.9 Environmental Pollution and Control Measures
2.9.1 Water Pollution
Water Consumption
The water requirement of the unit will be satisfied through Narmada canal/Bore well. The Industrial water consumption for proposed plant will be 127 KL/ Day (Fresh water: 102.65 KL/D, Reuse water: 24.35 KL/D), which will be used for various industrial purpose. In it, Domestic water consumption for proposed unit will be 1 KL/Day. The unit will develop Green Belt Area within the industrial premises hence the water requirement for gardening purpose will be 15.31 KL/day. So therefore, the total water requirement will be 118.96 KL/ Day.
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.19 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Waste Water Generation
The total Waste water Generation will be 27.65 KL/ Day. In this the domestic waste water will be 0.9 KL/Day and it will go to soak pit through septic tank. Total generated wastewater from manufacturing will be 27.65 KL/day which will be treated in the Effluent Treatment Plant. Treated effluent will be evaporated & reused in process. Thus industry will maintain ZERO DISCHARGE.
The Category wise details of water consumption and wastewater generation are shown in Table 2.7 and in Fig. 2.6.
Table 2.7 Water consumption and Waste water Generation details
Water Waste Water No. Source Consumption Generation KL/Day KL/Day 1. Domestic 0.1 0.9 2. Gardening 15.31 Nil 3. Industrial a. Process 64 32 b. Cooling Hexamine 5 10 c. Cooling/Boiler (Formalin) 100 25 127 Industrial Water Consumption/ (Fresh:102.65) 67 Waste Water Generation (Reuse:24.35) Total Water Consumption/ Waste 118.06 67.9 Water Generation
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.20 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Fig. 2.6 Water Balance Diagram
Total 118.96 KL/Day
24.35 KL/Day 102.65 KL/Day Recycled Fresh water
Domestic Gardening Industrial 1 KL/Day 15.31 KL/Day 127 KL/Day
32 KL/D 10 KL/Day
0.1 KL/Day 0.9 KL/Day Resin mfg 5 KL/Day 64 KL/Day 100 KL/Day Drinking Goes to Soak Pit process Cooling DM for Cooling/Boiler Nill (Hexamine) Formaldehyde (Formalin)
2.65 KL/Day 10 KL/Day Rejected Condensed 32 KL/Day 32 KL/Day Blow down water In Rejected 25 KL/Day Formaldehyde Process
ETP 1 ETP 2 2.65 KL/Day 25 KL/Day
1.85 KL/D Reused Multi Effect 22.5 KL/D Evaporator Reused
Note: Industry will maintain Zero discharge.
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.21 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Waste Water Management System (Proposed Effluent Treatment Plant)
Effluent Treatment Plant 1 Process: Industrial wastewater generated due to resin manufacturing process and washing process will be collected in Primary Collection tank and neutralized the effluent to make homogeneous mixture.
. The pH of effluent in Mixing Tank is adjusted between 3 to 3.5 by adding H2SO4, followed by FeSO4.7H2O and H2O2 dosage. H2O2 dosage is 1:2 ratio with phenols and FeSO4.7H2O dosage is 1:20 ration of Fe+2 to H2O2.
. The effluent is then transferred to Photo – Fenton Process Vessel for oxidation. The vessel is aided with air compressor pump for adequate aeration requirement, cooling system to maintain temperature range of 30 – 35 oC. Phenol oxidation is accomplished in presence of sun light or UV lamp. For winter and rainy season the process is accomplished in closed vessel with UV lamp.
. The effluent is then transferred to Settling Tank for solid liquid separation. The settled sludge is discharged to sludge drying beds and the filtrate from SDB is transferred to Collection Tank. The supernatant is transferred Evaporation System for final evaporation.
. For evaporation of treated effluent heat will be supplied by steam boiler / Heater.
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.22 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Fig. 2.7(a) Flow Diagram of ETP 1
Table 2.8 Capacity of ETP units
Sr. Name of the units Volume Lit. No. of Unit No. 1 Collection Tank 8000 1 2 Primary Settling Tank 4000 1 3 Oxidation Tank 4000 1 4 Settling Tank 4000 1 5 Evaporator (Rating) 200 L/Hr. 1
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.23 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Effluent Treatment Plant 2 The Industrial water from boiler & cooling make-up will be collected in Collection Tank. This effluent will be send to Multi Effect Evaporator and reused in process again.
Collection tank 2 Phased R.O. Multi Effect Evaporator
Fig. 2.7(b) Flow Diagram of ETP 2
2.10 Air Pollution
The main source of gaseous emission is flue gas emission from stack attached to Boiler, D.G. Set & process gas emission from Resin Reactor. There will be negligible chance of fugitive emission due to handling and storage of raw material.
2.10.1 Flue Gas Emission
The main source of flue gas emission will be stack attached to Boiler and D. G. Set. The details of the same are given here in Table 2.14.
2.10.2 Process Gas Emission
There will be process gas emission from the Resin Reactor. The details of the same are given here in table 2.14.
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.24 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Table 2.9 Flue Gas stacks details
Stack Stack attached Expected Quality of APC No. Fuel used Height to pollutant pollutant System in Meter
Steam
Boiler SPM Multi Coal / white (1 MT) coal / Agro cyclone 1 30 SO2 waste – 2.72 Dust Thermic Fluid As per MT/Day Heater NOX GPCB Collector
(1,00,000 Norms Kcal/hr)
D.G. set HSD HC 2 6 ------(300 KVA) 35 l/Hr CO
Note: D.G. Set will be only used when power failure.
Stack height will be provided as per GPCB guidelines for the proper dispersion of pollutants into the atmosphere. The unit will provide Multi Clone Dust Collector with Boiler as an air pollution control measures to control the emission of particulate matter & the flue gas emission will remain well within gaseous emission norms prescribed by the GPCB/CPCB. The technical specifications of proposed Multi cyclone Dust Collector are given in Table – 2.15.
Table 2.10 Technical Details of MDC- Multi Cyclone Dust Collector
Steam Boiler (package wet back) & Type of Source Thermic Fluid Heater Heating Capacity 1 MT & 1,00,000 KCal./Hr.
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.25 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Fuel used in steam boiler Coal / white coal / Agro waste Temperature at Inlet 160 oC Specific Gravity of Dust 1.29 Input Dust Load 8 kg / 24 hr. Efficiency 78 % Pressure Drop 106 mm WC No/Size of Cylinder 5 nos. No. of Ash Discharge Cone 1 nos. Ash Discharge Air Lock Rotary Valve
2.10.3 Fugitive Emission
The chance of fugitive emission within premises is mainly due to storage, handling and loading, unloading of raw materials.
Other sources of fugitive emission are as follows:
Leaks from pressurized process equipment generally occur through valves, pipe connection, mechanical seals or related equipment.
Proposed measures to control fugitive emission:
To minimize & control leaks at process facilities operators carry out regular leak detection test and repair activities. Routine inspections of process equipment with gas detectors can be used to identify leaks & estimate the leak rate in order to decide an appropriate corrective action. Proper routine maintenance of equipment reduces the likelihood of leaks. Formaldehyde will be transferred through the closed vessel system. Only caustic will be transferred manually. But it is in very less quantity. In that case the industry will provide mask and safety material for that.
As per GFR, industry will carry out monitoring the ambient air quality twice in a year.
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.26 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
2.11 Hazardous/ solid waste Generation
The Solid waste / Hazardous waste will be discarded containers and ETP sludge. The details of hazardous waste generation and handling/ Management are given in Table-2.16.
Table 2.11 Solid Waste/Hazardous Waste details
No. Description Category Quantity Mode of Disposal
Collection, storage and used within 1 Used Oil 5.1 50 Lit./ Month premises as a lubricant / sold to registered recycler.
Discarded 4025 Nos. / Collection, storage & sell to 2 33.3 Plastic bags Month. authorized vendor
Collection, storage and Disposal at 3 ETP Sludge 34.3 13.98 MT/Month TSDF Site
2.12 Noise Pollution
One of the potential pollutants Noise is an unwanted and excessive sound, which is harmful to health and diminishes the quality of life.
The major source of noise pollution will be DG Set and the ancillary sources will be manufacturing process within premises and transportation within and outside the premises.
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.27 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
2.13 Cleaner Production
M/s. T. R. Associates 2.28 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
3.0 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 3.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT Clean air is essential to our health and to the environment. But since the industrial revolution, the quality of the air we breathe has deteriorated considerably - mainly as a result of human activities. Rising industrial and energy production, the burning of fossil fuels and the dramatic rise in traffic on our roads all contribute to air pollution in our towns and cities which, in turn, can lead to serious problems for both health and the environment. An air quality assessment is a required component of the Application for an Environmental Assessment Certificate (Application) for submission to the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), with the objective to develop the Expansion of Chlorinated Paraffin Project. A thorough understanding of baseline air quality is a prerequisite to the air quality environmental assessment (EA). The baseline refers to the collective level of air contaminants contained in the larger air shed, rather than local measurements. These contaminants may arise from natural or anthropogenic (manufactured) sources. Understanding the appropriate background concentration of air pollutants is critical in assessing overall (cumulative) air quality, which incorporates background values and adds the predicted incremental increase from the Project emission sources. Availability of reliable, public domain air quality data covering remote areas of central and Surroundings allow the determination of the most likely baseline concentrations of relevant air contaminants near the Project. Several databases were identified and analyzed by T.R. Associates using such references as the number of monitored criteria of CPCB, instrumentation, location, the monitoring period, and the relevance to the Project with respect to level of development. The final selection was narrowed to the following data
Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale Topography of the study area Representation of regional background levels Representation of plant site Representation of cross sectional distribution in the downward direction Influence of the existing sources if any, are to be kept at minimum Inclusion of major distinct villages to collect the baseline status
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.1.1
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3.1.1 Micrometeorological Data Micro-meteorological data within the project area during the air quality survey period is an indispensable part of air pollution study. The meteorological data recorded during survey period is very useful for proper interpretation of the baseline information as well as serves as an input, to predictive models for air quality impacts. To understand meteorological scenario primary generated and secondary data collected. This data is used in the interpretation of wind scenario. The data collected from the both sources are summarized as follows
Primary data: Parameters like Wind speed and its direction, Temperature, Humidity and Rainfall collected and computed to hourly results using Automatic Weather Station (90 days) near to Meteorological the plant site at >10m height. data Secondary data a. Secondary data has been collected from the nearest IMD source (Ahmedabad) for the year 2012 for temperature, Humidity, Rainfall, wind speed and direction.
3.1.1.1 Meteorological Data (Secondary Data) As per the historical data (IMD), collected at (Rajkot for 3 months for the year 2013), the daily maximum temperature recorded in the month of May (43.60C) and the daily minimum temperature was recorded in the month of March (15.3oC). Similarly the maximum humidity levels was recorded in the month of May (100%) and the minimum humidity levels recorded in the month of March (08 %). The maximum mean wind speed (19 km/hr) was recorded in the month of May where the minimum mean wind speed (14 km/hr) in the month of March.
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.1.2
EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Table No 3.1.1 Monthly Mean values of Meteorological Data for 3 Month (Secondary Data) Air Temperature .c Humidity % Mean Wind Month Max. Min. Max. Min. Speed kmph March 40.3 15.3 96 08 14 2013 April 41.5 20.5 93 09 15 2013 May 43.6 24.0 100 10 19 2013
Source: As per IMD, Ahmedabad 3 Months Data
Fig. 3.1.1 Meteorological Wind Rose Diagram for March 2013 to May 2013 (Secondary data)
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.1.3
EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
3.1.1.2 Meteorology – Data generated at plant site (Primary data)
Meteorology of the study zones plays an important role in the study of air pollution. Micrometeorological conditions at the proposed project site regulate the dispersion and dilution of air pollutants in the atmosphere. For this purpose a weather station was installed near the plant site for three months (March to May, 2014) and recorded hourly observations for the parameters like Maximum and minimum Temperatures (oC), Relative Humidity (%), Wind Speed (km/hr), Wind direction and Rainfall mm.
Meteorological conditions, of the site, regulates the transport and diffusion of air-pollutants released into the atmosphere. Ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction and atmospheric stability are called primary or basic Meteorological Parameters because the dispersion and diffusion of pollutants depend mainly on these Parameters. Humidity, precipitation, pressure and visibility are secondary Meteorological Parameters as this control the dispersion of the pollutants indirectly by affecting primary Parameters.
Table No 3.1.2 Monthly Mean values of Meteorological Data for 3 Month (Primary Data)
Air Temperature .c Humidity % Mean Wind Month Max. Min. Max. Min. Speed kmph March 37 10 100 12 10.67 2014 April 41 22 100 12 12.25 2014 May 41 24 97 21 14.97 2014
The hourly-recorded observations (wind velocity and wind directions) during 12 weeks study period are used in computing percentage frequencies and are depicted in the form of ‘wind roses’ in Fig. 3.1.2.
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.1.4
EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Fig. 3.1.2 Meteorological Wind Rose Diagram for March 2014 to May 2014(Primary data)
3.1.2 Selection of AAQ stations
A network of seven ambient air-sampling locations has been selected for assessment of the existing status of air environment within the study zone. The heights of the sampling locations were kept between 3 to 6 m in all the locations. After reconnaissance of the area and observing the topographical features and review of the available meteorological data
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.1.5
EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
and local conditions the sampling sites were chosen which will be the representative of the local areas under study.
3.1.3 Existing AAQ (Pre-project) status
Ambient levels of pollutants such as PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, HCl, Cl2 and VOC are selected for the sampling. The methodology of sampling and analysis in detail is given in the following tables.
Table No 3.1.3 Air – Parameters analyzed and sampling duration
Attribute Parameter Frequency of Monitoring
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, 24 hr sampling for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, HCl, Cl2 and NOx
NOx, CO, HCl, Cl2 Sampling height varies between 3-6 m above ground AAQ and VOC at 7 level. locations Wind speed, Primary data: Hourly data collected at site using AWS Direction, Secondary data: Available 3 months data obtained Met. Data Temperature, RH, from IMD Rajkot-2013. Solar radiation at one center location
Table No 3.1.4 Ambient Air Quality - Methodology
Pollutant Method of analysis
PM10 Particulate Matter Gravimetric Method
Dust PM2.5 Particulate Matter Gravimetric Method
SO2 Sulfur dioxide Improved West and Gaeke Method
Jacob & Hochheiser Modified Na- NOx Nitrous Oxides Arsenate
HCl Hydrogen Chloride EPA- TTN EMC method no 26 & 26 A Methyl Orange Method, IS 5182 (part Variables Cl2 Chlorine
Gases 19): 1982 Adsorption and desorption followed VOC Volatile organic compounds by GC analysis. Non dispersive Infrared (NDIR) CO Carbon monoxide absorption method
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.1.6
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Various statistical parameters like standard deviation, geometric mean, minimum; maximum concentrations and different percentiles have been computed from the data generated during sampling in all sampling stations (Tables 3.1.5 to 3.1.9).
A5
A6
A1 A2
A3 A7
A4
Fig. 3.1.3 Map showing Ambient Air Quality locations
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.1.7
EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Table No 3.1.4 (a) Ambient Air Quality sampling site
Code Air Location Distance in Direction km A1 Project site - -
A2* Dadashrinagar 1.1 SW
A3* Shaktinagar 2.6 SW
A4 Bharatnagar 3.8 S
A5 Gala 5 NE A6* Krishna nagar 4.8 NW
A7* Ravapar 4.2 SW
*= indicate the down wind Direction
Table 3.1.5 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results Name of the pollutant: Particulate Matter (PM10) All the following results are expressed in µg/m3
Percentile No. Location Min. Max. AM SD GM 35th 50th 85th 98th Project site 58.3 66.8 70.6 79.1 89.0 95.4 70.3 8.7 69.8 1 Dadashrinagar 2 58.3 65.3 68.1 78.3 81.0 81.8 69.2 7.6 68.8 Shaktinagar 3 59.1 68.2 71.3 76.2 83.1 86.5 70.7 6.6 70.4 Bharatnagar 4 59.1 68.2 71.8 84.1 88.1 88.8 73.0 8.9 72.5 Gala 5 58.3 68.1 73.1 79.2 88.1 88.8 71.9 8.3 71.4 Krishna nagar 6 58.3 66.7 67.7 79.4 81.6 81.7 70.3 7.2 69.9 Ravapar 7 58.3 63.6 66.7 80.2 94.3 95.5 69.3 10.4 68.7
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.1.8
EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Table 3.1.6 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results Name of the pollutant: Particulate Matter (PM2.5) All the following results are expressed in µg/m3 Percentile No. Location Min. Max. AM SD GM 35th 50th 85th 98th Project site 1 21.4 25.1 26.7 29.2 32.4 34.2 26.6 3.1 26.4 Dadashrinagar 2 20.8 24.2 26.2 29.4 33.8 34.8 26.2 3.5 26.0 Shaktinagar 3 22.6 25.0 25.1 29.4 32.6 33.7 26.3 2.9 26.1 Bharatnagar 4 20.8 26.1 26.8 32.7 37.1 37.2 27.7 4.7 27.3 Gala 5 21.7 25.0 26.0 31.0 36.3 39.2 27.1 4.0 26.9 Krishna nagar 6 20.8 25.0 25.7 30.0 32.6 34.1 26.3 3.5 26.1 Ravapar 7 20.8 25.0 25.9 31.4 39.0 39.2 27.2 5.1 26.7
Table 3.1.7 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results Name of the pollutant: SO2 All the following results are expressed in µg/m3
Percentile No. Location Min. Max. AM SD GM 35th 50th 85th 98th Project site 1 10.1 10.6 11.1 12.2 13.0 13.1 11.2 0.9 11.2 Dadashrinagar 2 8.0 10.9 11.5 12.4 14.0 14.9 11.4 1.3 11.3 Shaktinagar 3 8.0 10.1 10.7 11.7 13.0 13.9 10.6 1.3 10.5 Bharatnagar 4 7.4 9.8 11.1 12.1 12.8 13.1 10.6 1.6 10.5 Gala 5 8.8 10.5 10.9 12.4 12.8 12.8 10.9 1.1 10.9 Krishna nagar 6 8.8 10.9 10.9 12.1 13.6 14.6 11.1 1.1 11.1 Ravapar 7 8.6 10.9 11.3 12.1 12.2 12.4 11.0 1.1 11.0
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.1.9
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Table 3.1.8 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results Name of the pollutant: Nitrous Oxides (NOx) All the following results are expressed in µg/m3
Percentile No. Location Min. Max. AM SD GM 35th 50th 85th 98th Project site 1 16.2 19.2 19.5 21.3 22.6 23.1 19.7 1.6 19.6 Dadashrinagar 2 16.7 19.7 19.9 20.7 22.4 23.4 19.6 1.6 19.5 Shaktinagar 3 13.8 16.5 17.8 20.4 21.7 21.7 17.9 2.4 17.8 Bharatnagar 4 14.5 15.9 17.7 21.0 21.5 21.6 17.7 2.5 17.6 Gala 5 13.5 17.6 19.5 20.8 21.3 21.4 18.6 2.3 18.5 Krishna nagar 6 14.8 18.8 19.4 20.3 21.7 22.0 19.0 1.9 18.9 Ravapar 7 16.2 17.7 18.5 19.7 20.7 21.1 18.4 1.3 18.4
HC and VOC were not detected in ambient air.
3.1.4 Results and Discussion
The maximum concentration are recorded at Ravapar with PM10 of 95.5 g/m3.
The maximum concentrations are recorded at Gala & Gala with PM2.5 of 39.2 g/m3 respectively.
The maximum concentrations of SO2 found at the Dadashrinagar with 14.9 g/m3 respectively.
Similarly the maximum concentration of NOx found at Dadashrinagar with 23.4 g/m3. All the above results are found well within the prescribed limits of National Ambient Air Quality standards.
Hydrocarbons and VOCs were found to be below detectable limits or not detected.
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3.2 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
The word noise arose from the Latin word ‘nauseas’, it is a loud outcry or commotion that is unpleasant, unexpected, or undesired with various frequencies over the audible range due to the regular activities of the Mankind primarily Noise pollution (or environmental noise) is displeasing human, animal or machine-created sound that disrupts the activity or balance of humans or animals life. The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly evolved from Industries, constructions and transportation systems, including motor vehicle noise, aircraft noise and rail noise, poor urban planning may give rise to noise pollution.
Noise can be defined as an unwanted sound. It interferes with speech and hearing and is intense enough to damage hearing or is otherwise annoying. The definition of noise as unwanted sound implies that it has an adverse effect on human beings and their environment. Noise can also disturb natural wildlife and ecological system.
Industrial Noise resulting to noise pollution has many reasons such as industries being close to human habitats which prevent the noise from decaying before it reaches human ear. A determination is made of the micro scale impact by predicting anticipated noise levels for each alternative during both construction and operational phases. Predicted noise levels are compared with applicable standards or criteria in order to assess the impact.
Sound is mechanical energy from a vibrating surface, transmitted by cyclic series of compression and rarefaction of molecules of the materials through which it passes. Sound can be transmitted through gases, liquids and solids. The number of compressions and refractions of the air molecules in the unit of time is described as its frequency.
Frequency is expressed in hertz (Hz), which is the same as the number of cycles per second.
The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function of frequency. Noise in general sound which comprises of many frequency components with different variations in loudness over the audible frequency range.
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Various noise scales have been introduced to describe, a single number, the response of an average human to a complex sound made up of various frequencies at different loud levels, the response of the human ear to sound is dependent on the frequency of the sound and this has led to the concept of weighting scales. In the "A-weighting" scale, the sound pressure levels for the lower frequencies and higher frequencies are reduced by certain amounts before they are being combined together to give one single sound pressure level value. This value is designated as dB (A). The dB (A) is often used as it reflects more accurately the frequency response of the human ear. A perceived loud noise has a high dB or dB (A) value and a soft noise has a low one. The human ear has peak response around 2,500 to 3,000 Hz and has a relatively low response at low frequencies.
3.2.1 Impact Assessment of Noise Environment
The environmental impact assessment of noise for the proposed project was carried out by taking various factors into consideration like potential physiological responses, annoyance and general community responses and also taking all the factors mentioned in the above lines in to considerations the existing status of noise levels within the Study zone, which is a primary requirement for impact assessment studies has been undertaken for the monitoring of baseline noise levels.
3.2.2 Existing Noise Levels Pre-project noise levels have been monitored at different points within the study zone and on the spot measurement device manufactured by SIGNET; England was used for this purpose. Keeping in view of various local activities such as residential and Industrial activities 7 noise level measurement locations were identified and the sites are depicted in the Fig. 3.2.1
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N5
N6
N1 N2
N3 N7
N4
Fig. 3.2.1 Map Showing Noise Sampling Locations
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Code Air Location Distance in Direction km
N1 Project site - -
N2 Dadashrinagar 1.1 SW
N3 Shaktinagar 2.6 SW
N4 Bhaktinagar 3.8 S
N5 Gala 5 NE
N6 Krishnanagar 4.8 NW
N7 Ravapar 4.2 SW
3.2.3 Methodology of Noise measurement
For Noise levels measured over a given period of time interval, it is possible to describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the percent of the time as certain noise levels are exceeding the time interval. The notations for the statistical quantities of noise level are given below
L10 is the noise level exceeded 10% of the time.
L50 is the noise level exceeded 50% of the time and
L90 is the noise level exceeded 90% of the time
Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (Leq)
The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is necessary because sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time.
This is calculated from the following equation
Leq=L50+(L10–L90)2/60
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Lday is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during day (6 am to 10 pm). Lnight is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during night (10 pm. 6 am).
A noise rating developed by Environment Protection Agency, USEPA for specification of community noise from all the sources is Day-Night Sound Level, (Ldn).
Hourly noise recorded data and Lday values (15 hours) Lnight (9 hours) and Ldn (24 hours) are computed and tabulated.
Day–Night Sound levels (Ldn)
The noise rating developed for community noise from all sources is the Day-Night Sound
Level, (Ldn). It is similar to a 24 hr equivalent sound level except that during nighttime period (10 pm to 6 am) A 10 dB (A) weighting penalty is added to the instantaneous sound level before computing the 24 hr average.
This is time penalty is added to account for the fact that noise during night when people usually sleep is judged as more annoying than the same noise during the daytime.
The Ldn for a given location in a community may be calculated from the hourly
Leq’S, by the following equation.
Ldn = 10 log {1/24 [15(10 Ld/10) + 9 (10 9Ln + 10 ) /10 ) ] }
Where Ld is the equivalent sound level during the day time (6 am to 10 pm) and Ln is the equivalent sound level during the night time (10 pm to 6 am). The statistical analysis is done for measured noise levels at 7 locations
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3.2.4 Data Analysis
The recorded sound levels are given in Table.3.2.1 Out of all the7 locations measured for noise levels, the sound levels recorded at project site area is found to be 58.2 DB (A). Recorded Noise levels are found to be within the standard limits.
Table 3.2.1 Hourly Noise data (Day and Night timings in Leq dB (A))
Site code N-1 N-2 N-3 N-4 N-5 N-6 N-7 Hours
06:00 - 07:00 61.2 50.2 49.5 51.2 49.8 49.3 50.2
07:00 - 08:00 58.8 52.1 47.2 50.3 51.2 53.2 53.2
08:00 - 09:00 62.3 51.3 51.2 51.2 50.6 51.2 49.5
09:00 - 10:00 61.9 53.6 52.9 55.3 53.2 50.3 51.2
10:00 - 11:00 65.2 52.1 52.3 54.7 55.6 53.6 52.3
11:00 - 12:00 59.1 47.8 47.9 48.6 47.3 48.3 47.2
12:00 - 13:00 58.6 48.7 48.1 48.7 50.2 47.6 47.5
13:00 - 14:00 55.1 46.3 45 45.9 45.6 44.5 44.5
14:00 - 15:00 59.3 44.9 44.3 47.8 44.3 44.9 44.3
15:00 - 16:00 54.2 49.2 47.3 49.2 48.9 47.3 46.3
16:00 - 17:00 51.2 51.2 51.2 51.3 50.2 51.2 50.2
17:00 - 18:00 60.2 53.2 52.3 52.3 49.3 52.1 50.5
18:00 - 19:00 53.2 55.3 53.6 54.8 55.3 55.2 55.6
19:00 - 20:00 54.5 46.2 45.3 44.9 44.9 45.3 45.3
20:00 - 21:00 51.2 45.6 44.3 45.6 44.9 44.1 44.5
21:00 - 22:00 47.2 44.5 44.1 44.8 44.3 41.3 41.9
Minimum 47.2 44.5 44.1 44.8 44.3 41.3 41.9
Maximum 65.2 55.3 53.6 55.3 55.6 55.2 55.6
Day eq. 56.2 49.9 48.85 50.05 49.95 48.25 48.75
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Day Limits 75 55 55 55 55 55 55
Sampling date 1/3/2014 1/3/2014 2/3/2014 2/3/2014 3/3/2014 3/3/2014 4/3/2014
22:00 - 23:00 55.6 40.6 41.2 40.2 40 49.5 41.2
23:00 - 24:00 44.5 40.3 40 41.2 40.8 44.2 40
24:00 - 01:00 46.3 34.6 34.7 35 34.9 36.5 34.7
01:00 - 02:00 40.5 35.2 35 35.1 34.9 36.2 35
02:00 - 03:00 43.6 33.9 32.9 34.2 33.8 34.5 32.9
03:00 - 04:00 42.5 34.8 34.9 34.5 34.2 34.9 34.9
04:00 - 05:00 44.2 37.6 36.9 35 37.5 35.2 36.9
05:00 - 06:00 47.9 40.3 41 41.2 41 42.1 41
Minimum 40.5 33.9 32.9 34.2 33.8 34.5 32.9
Maximum 55.6 40.6 41.2 41.2 41 49.5 41.2
Night eq. 48.05 37.25 37.05 37.7 37.4 42 37.05
Limits 70 45 45 45 45 45 45
D/n eq 1.169 1.339 1.318 1.327 1.335 1.148 1.315
Sampling date 1/3/2014 1/3/2014 2/3/2014 2/3/2014 3/3/2014 3/3/2014 4/3/2014
Area type Project site Residential Residential Residential Residential Residential Residential
Codes Station Name Codes Station Name
N-1 Project site N-5 Gala
N-2 Dadashrinagar N-6 Krishnanagar
N-3 Shaktinagar N-7 Ravapar
N-4 Bhaktinagar
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3.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT
Water is the most vital resource for all kinds of life. It should not only be available in sufficient quantity but should be of good quality as well. Defilement of water, as a result of human activities, industrial activities and consequent pollution of water, cause deterioration of the water environment.
Studies on Water Environment aspects of ecosystem is important for Environmental Impact Assessment to identify sensitive issues and take appropriate action by maintaining ‘ecological homeostasis’ in the early stages of development of the project. The objective of this report is to define the present environment in which the proposed action is to occur, to evaluate all possible eventualities, to ensure that all negative impacts are minimized, and to demonstrate that proposed project has been appropriately announced to all interested parties so that their concerns can be considered.
Water quality studies have been carried out in the study area to understand the availability of water resources, possibility of water contamination and existing water quality.
3.3.1 Water Quality
Water of high quality is essential to human life, and water of acceptable quality is essential for agricultural, industrial, domestic and commercial uses; in addition, most recreation is water based; therefore, major activities having potential effects on surface water are certain to be of appreciable concern to the consumers.
3.3.1.1 Sample collection and analysis The water resources in the study area may be classified into two major categories like Surface and ground water sources. Water samples were collected at 10 locations, out of which 3 samples was selected from surface sources and 7 samples selected from ground water sources for physico-chemical and biological studies. Parameters like pH, Temperature and DO collected at the time of sampling. For other parameter analysis the samples were preserved as per the recommended techniques for various elemental determinations as per `IS: 3025 (part I) 1987’ and brought to the Head laboratory situated at New Delhi. These parameters were
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analyzed as per the procedures specified in ‘Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater’ published by American Public Health Association (APHA). Ground water samples results were compared with IS: 10500 specification and surface water samples results were compared with IS: 2296- 1982 tolerance Limits.
GW5
GW6
SW3
GW1 GW2
GW3 SW1 GW7
SW2
GW4
Fig. 3.3.1 Map showing Water Quality Locations
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Code Water Locations Direction GW1 Project site - GW 2 Dadashrinagar SW GW 3 Shaktinagar SW GW 4 Bhaktinagar S GW 5 Gala NE GW 6 Krishnanagar NW GW 7 Ravapar SW
SW 1 Kerala lake SE SW 2 Macchu river SW SW 3 Khojaru Lake WNW
3.3.1.2 Method of Water Sampling The following procedures were used while sampling
Washing the bottles/cans with distilled water prior to the sampling.
Before collection of water the bottles/cans are again washed 2-3 times with the same water.
For surface water, Bottles were lowered to a minimum depth of 30 cm below water surface.
At each point Different sets of water samples were collected so as cover all the parameters.
Meticulous attention is taken in proper numbering at the site.
Sterilized bottles were used for the samples that are to be analyzed for bacteria.
Civil supply water pipeline taps are sterilized before collection for bacteriological analysis.
Parameters like pH, conductivity and temperature were analyzed in the field conditions and the results were reconfirmed after getting to the laboratory. DO is fixed and titrated in the field itself.
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Appropriate preservatives are added, depending upon the elements to be analyzed and marked accordingly [IS: 3025 (part I) 1987]
All the water samples collected in the ice box, were immediately transported to the laboratory and freezed at <5oC analysis.
Field observations were noted in the field notebook.
As far as possible photographs were taken in almost all sampling points.
All the parameters have been analyzed as per APHA, 20th edition & IS: 3025.
3.3.1.3 Data Analysis The physicochemical and biological analysis of the collected sample results are given in Table 3.3.1. The pH of the ground water samples varying from 7.21 to 7.63 indicating basic nature. Hardness, alkalinity, chlorides, sulfates are found to be below the prescribed limits. However sulfates are found to be lower than the required limits. No carbonates were detected in all the samples. Ground and surface water results are given Table No. 3.3.1 & 3.3.2.
3.3.1.4 Impacts No significant impact is anticipated on ground water depletion because the water requirement is met from bore well. The water procured from bore well will be recycled and zero discharge.
3.3.2 Conclusions All the parameters for the Ground Water are found to be within the limits.
Table 3.3.1 Water Quality - Physico-chemical Analysis of Ground Water
Note: Permissible Limit is applicable in the absence of Alternate source B.D.L=Below Detection Limit, D.L. = Detection Limit
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Sr. Test Parameters Result IS : 10500 NO . Project Dadashrin Shaktina Bharatna Krishnan Permis Sample Code & Location Units Gala Ravapar Desirable Site ager ger ger ager sible 1 Colour Hazen >5 >5 >5 >5 >5 >5 >5 5 25 2 Odour -- Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. Unobj. 3 Taste -- Agr. Agr. Agr. Agr. Agr. Agr. Agr. Agr. Agr. 4 Turbidity NTU 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.4 5 10 5 pH value -- 7.63 7.62 7.44 7.36 7.44 7.21 7.36 6.5 to 8.5
6 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l 240 270 240 230 250 220 200 300 600 7 Calcium Hardness mg/l 120 60 110 90 130 90 100 NS NS 8 Magnesium Hardness mg/l 120 210 130 140 120 130 100 NS NS 9 Calcium (as Ca) mg/l 48.1 24.048 44.088 36.072 52.10 36.07 40.0 250 1000 10 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 29.2 51.03 31.59 34.02 29.16 31.59 24.3 30 100 11 Chlorides (as cl) mg/l 155 215 178 196 176 192 177 250 1000 12 Iron (as Fe) mg/l 0.25 0.12 0.18 0.15 0.22 0.18 0.26 0.3 1.0 13 Dissolved solids mg/l 640 620 576 536 588 622 575 500 2000 14 TSS mg/l 10 8 12 8 8 8 10 NS NS B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL=0. B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= 15 Copper (as Cu) mg/l 0.05 1.5 0.04) 04) 0.04) 0.04) 0.04) 0.04) 0.04) B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL=0. B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= 16 Manganese (as Mn) mg/l 0.10 0.3 0.02) 02) 0.02) 0.02) 0.02) 0.02) 0.02)
17 Sulfate (as SO4) mg/l 68 79 65 62 60 71 68 200 400
18 Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l 2.3 1.9 2.7 2.3 2.3 1.8 2.4 45 100 19 Fluoride (as F) mg/l 0.55 0.44 0.34 0.22 0.55 0.62 0.37 1.0 1.5 B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL=0. B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= 20 Phenolic Compounds mg/l 0.001 0.002 0.1) 1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL=0. B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= 21 Mercury (as Hg) mg/l 0.001 0.001 0.0005) 0005) 0.0005) 0.0005) 0.0005) 0.0005) 0.0005) B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL=0. B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= 22 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.005) 005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL=0. B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= 23 Selenium (as Se) mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.001) 001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) 0.001) B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL=0. B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= 24 Arsenic (as As) mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.005) 005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 25 Cyanide (as CN) mg/l B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L B.D.L 0.05 0.05 B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL=0. B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= 26 Lead (as Pb) mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.005) 005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 0.005) 27 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 1.3 1.5 0.9 1.1 2.3 2.8 1.7 5 15 Anionic detergents (as B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= 28 mg/l 0.2 1.0 MBAS) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) 0.1) B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL=0. B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= 29 Chromium (as Cr6+) g/lit 0.05 0.05 0.03) 03) 0.03) 0.03) 0.03) 0.03) 0.03) Polynuclear Aromatic Hydro B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL=0. B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= 30 mg/l -- -- carbons 0.0001) 0001) 0.0001) 0.0001) 0.0001) 0.0001) 0.0001) B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL=0. B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= 31 Mineral Oil mg/l 0.01 0.03 0.01) 01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) B.D.L(DL=0. B.D.L(DL=0. B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= 32 Pesticides mg/l Absent 0.001 000025) 000025) 0.000025) 0.000025) 0.000025) 0.000025) 0.000025) 33 Alkalinity mg/l 174 188 168 160 188 164 154 200 600 B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL=0. B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= 34 Aluminium (as Al) mg/l 0.03 0.2 0.01) 01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) 0.01) MPN/10 B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL=0. B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= B.D.L(DL= 35 Boron 1 5 0ml 0.05) 05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) 0.05) MPN/10 36 Coliforms Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent 10 0 ml
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Table 3.3.2 Water Quality - Physico-chemical Analysis of Surface Water
DL: Detectable limit ; BDL: Below Detectable Limit
Tolerance No. Characteristics Units Kerala lake Macchu river Khojaru Lake Limits 1. Colour Hazen 25 35 30 300 2. pH -- 7.44 7.52 7.39 6.5-9.0 3. Conductivity mhos/cm 1124 1197 1044 -- 4. DO mg/l 3.6 3.2 3.8 4 5. COD mgO2/l 64 88 56 - BOD(3 days at 6. mgO2/l 20 26 17 3 270C ) 7. TDS mg/l 880 950 824 1500 8. Chlorides as Cl mg/l 226 275 214 600 9. Free Ammonia mg/l 0.44 0.52 0.36 -- Total Hardness as 10. mg/l 320 360 300 300 CaCO3 11. Calcium as Ca++ mg/l 44.08 68.1 61.1 75 Magnesium as 12. mg/l 63.1 68 30 Mg++ 51.0 13. Sodium as Na mg/l 68 71 55 -- 14. Potassium as K mg/l 24 31 19 -- 15. Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 85 98 78 400 16. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 1.3 2.9 1.5 50 17. Fluoride as F mg/l 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.5 18. Copper as Cu mg/l B.D.L(DL=0.04) B.D.L(DL=0.04) B.D.L(DL=0.04) 1.5 19. Iron as Fe mg/l 1.2 1.5 1.7 50 20. Zinc as Zn mg/l 2.2 1.9 1.6 15 21. Boron as B mg/l B.D.L(DL=0.05) B.D.L(DL=0.05) B.D.L(DL=0.05) 2 22. Arsenic as As mg/l B.D.L(DL=0.004) B.D.L(DL=0.004) B.D.L(DL=0.004) 0.2 23. Lead as Pb mg/l B.D.L(DL=0.005) B.D.L(DL=0.005) B.D.L(DL=0.005) 0.1 24. Pesticides g/l Absent Absent Absent - Sodium 25. meq/l 1.90 1.70 1.32 26 Adsorption Ratio 26. Total Coliform MPN/100ml 110 128 107 5000
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3.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT Studies on land and biological aspects of ecosystem is important for Environmental Impact Assessment to identify sensitive issues and take appropriate action by maintaining ecological Homeostasis in the early stages of development of the project. The objective of this report is to define the present environment in which the proposed action is to occur, to evaluate all the possible eventualities, to ensure that all negative impacts are minimized and to demonstrate that the proposed project has been appropriately announce to all the interested parties so that their concerns can be considered. The Land Use/ Land Cover gives a detailed idea to understand how the land use for proposed activity will affect the change in land use pattern, Status of vegetation & land cover. The land use study also gives idea of necessary Planning of environment conservation issues directly or indirectly associated with project area. The land use/ land cover mapping of 5 km & 10 km radius area encompassing the project site was taken up by using visual image interpretation of satellite image of goggle earth. For this purpose baseline data (biotic and abiotic factors) has been studied around 10 km radius of the project.
3.4.1 Methodology of sample collection and analysis
Soil
For soil quality analysis 7 sampling sites were chosen to understand physico-chemical and biological status of the soil. The sampling sites are marked in Fig.3.4.1. This will establish the baseline characteristics and will facilitate identifying the contamination if any due to the proposed project.
Collection of soil samples and analysis
Disturbed soil samples were collected from the rotary cuttings and bailers and also from split spoon samplers. Un-disturbed tube samples were collected using thin walled tubes. Soil samples were collected such that structure and moisture content of the soil do not get altered. In accordance with IS: 2132-1986, split samples were carefully extracted from the samplers.
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Meticulous was paid to collect adequate amount of composite soil samples for analysis. The samples were packed in dependable, waterproof containers and marking specified accurately and distinctly. All the soil samples and core boxes were carefully transported to the testing laboratory. All the chemical parameters were analyzed as per a.’ Soil analysis’ by Jackson, 1994 and b. ISO Standards Compendium ‘Environmental Soil Quality’.
Parameters analyzed for soil samples were pH, EC, Texture, Heavy metals, Organic carbon, porosity, Bulk density, Nitrogen, Potassium, Magnesium, sulphates etc.
Code Water Locations Direction S1 Project site - S2 Dadashrinagar SW S3 Shaktinagar SW S4 Bhaktinagar S S5 Gala NE S6 Krishnanagar NW S7 Ravapar SW
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S5
S6
S1 S2
S3 S7
S4
Fig. 3.4.1 Map showing Soil Sampling Locations
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3.4.2 Soil Data Analysis The pH of the soil extract varied from 7.49 to 7.98. In terms of soil pH the soil characteristics varied from ‘Slightly alkaline’ in nature. Organic carbon in soils ranged from 2.9 to 3.8 revealing the distribution more than sufficient. Nitrogen values ranged between 120 to 160 mg/kg. The Phosphorus levels ranged between 78 to 97.5 mg/kg indicating its presence is less. Soil potassium varied from 20.3 to 30.1 mg/kg.
Table: 3.4.1 Physicochemical Parameters of the soil
Result Sr Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 6 Test Parameters Site 5 Site 7 No. Project Dadashri Shakti Bhakti Krishna Gala Ravapar Site nagar nagar nagar nagar
1. EC (mhos/cm) 225 278 330 298 306 279 288 2. pH 7.88 7.49 7.88 7.77 7.56 7.74 7.98
3. Nitrogen (as N) 120 136 145 160 120 140 137 mg/kg 4. Phosphorus (as PO4) 91.0 90.9 97.5 93.3 87.2 88.3 78.0 mg/kg 5. Potassium (as K) 22.2 25.3 20.3 29.3 27.3 30.1 26.1 mg/kg 6. Organic Carbon % 3.8 3.4 3.0 2.9 3.7 3.5 3.3
7. Calcium (as Ca) 275 330 296 304 311 296 278 mg/kg 8. Magnesium (as Mg) 170 163 188 171 165 188 168 mg/kg 9. Sodium (as Na) mg/ 8.8 9.3 10 11 9.1 8.8 9.2 kg 10. Sulphate (as SO4) 7.2 6.3 5.9 7.6 8.1 6.2 6.8 mg/kg 11. Bulk Density gm/cc 1.77 1.81 1.98 1.82 1.63 1.59 1.47 Silt loam Silt loam Silt Silt Silt loam Silt loam Silt loam 12. Texture loam loam
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3.4.3 Geo-Hydrological Features
3.4.3.1 Introduction:- Repaid urban, industrial and Agricultural growth and its continuous expansion around Morvi Town, has created problems related to water supply, Sewerage/ effluent disposal leading to ground water depletion and pollution. The present report in corporate hydrogeology and ground water scenario based on the scientific information with special reference to Recharge Activity around Morvi town to envisage appropriate remedial measures keeping environmental impact of Morvi development in view.
3.4.3.2 Geology:-
Geologically the area around Morvi Town is occupied by alluvium formation and Basalt rock formation. The thickness of alluvium in the area is about 08 to 10 mts (APS-Alluvium Plain Shallow). Alluvium occurring in out fall areas of Machchhu Rivers forms a prolific aquifer where ground water occurs under phreatic to semi confined conditions.
A lineament is an interesting structure in basalt rock formation for ground water movement, stoppage and storage. Basalts are generally formed by cooling of lave flows and the rock itself can be identified by its dark tone. During cooling of lave and formation of a rock, joints develop. Joints have strike, dip and spacing, some joints structurally, disturbed and they develop fractures. Such fractures and closely spaced joints has a linear extension. So they can be seen on imagery as a line. Adyke is an intrusion in the country rock giving a distinct linear effect on the surface they obstruct the normal ground water flow and surface water movement. Weathered and fractures dykes are more productive as well as recharging purpose. Fracture zones forming the course of existing drainage are more productive as well as recharging purpose. Deccan traps basalts is exposed of upper cretaceous to lower Eocene age.
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3.4.3.3 Land / Soil Characteristic :- The soils are generally developed from Alluvium and basalt formation and are coarse in texture with satisfactory internal drainage. The sub soil condition below the existing ground level is almost uniform in nature. Sub soil is composed of Clay mixed with little fine grained silty sand, moram and Kankar with low resistivity due to clay and soil moisture. The area is covered with recent to sub recent alluvial deposits comprising of brownish clay mixed with little fine grained sand, silty sand. The Soil below ground level consist of top silty low plastic soil layer having no swelling nature. Blackish brown to yellowish brown clayey silt or sand silt layer extends to the depth of 2 to 3 mts.
3.4.3.4 Rain Fall:-
Rainfall Data Rainfall Data in Descending Order Sr.No. Year Rainfall in mm Year Rainfall in mm 1 1991 213 1994 1082 2 1992 460 2010 1048 3 1993 320 2006 989 4 1994 1082 2007 886 5 1995 423 2005 756 6 1996 417 2008 730 7 1997 596 2011 715 8 1998 468 2003 709 9 1999 229 2004 660 10 2000 245 1997 596 11 2001 428 1998 468 12 2002 332 2009 468 13 2003 709 1992 460 14 2004 660 2001 428 15 2005 756 1995 423 16 2006 989 1996 417 17 2007 886 2002 332 18 2008 730 1993 320 19 2009 468 2012 312 20 2010 1048 2000 245 21 2011 715 1999 229 22 2012 312 1991 213
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Dependable Rainfall = (N X P) / 100 =(21 X 40) /10 = 8.8th year i.e. =660 mm Average Rainfall = 1980-1990 = 506 mm = 1990-2000 = 438mm = 2001-2010 = 701 mm Last 30 year average Rainfall = 548 mm
3.4.3.5 District wise status of ground water Development in Gujarat (1997):- Rajkot & Morvi District:- 1) Gross draft MCM :- 684.73 2) Total Recharge MCM :- 1230.24 3) Utilisable Recharge MCM :- 984.192 4) Stage of Development (%) :- 69.6 Source G.O.G 1999
3.4.3.6 General Information of Taluka Kalol :-
Total number of villages 121 Total area of Taluka 1697.30 Sq. Kms. Saline area - 590.34 Sq.Kms. Fresh water area – 1187.96 Sq.Kms. Hard rock area – 848.65 Sq.Kms Aluminum area – 848.65 Sq.Kms. Feasibility – Open well, DCB, DTH Bores and deep Tube well (DR) Ground water Balance – 18.73 MCM/ Year
3.4.3.7 Climate:- The climate of the area is semi arid and is characterized by a hot summers. May is the hottest month with mean daily maximum temperature of 43.40 C. The area has semi arid climate with drought frequency of 34%.
3.4.3.8 Geohydrology :-
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The litho logical logs of exploratory bore holes, electrical logging results by govt. agencies in and around Morvi Taluka have been studied to understand the subsurface geology and the aquifer system. These bore holes have penetrated the thick sequence of Jura- Cretaceous age down to 200 + m depth.
3.4.3.9 Ground Water Condition:- In the area under investigation, around water occurs both under phreatic and semi confined condition in alluvium formation. The occurrence and movement of ground water is mainly controlled by primary porosity of inter granular pore spaces. Ground water is being developed extensively by means of combination tubewell for water supply both in domestic and agricultural sector.
3.4.3.10 Depth of Ground Water Table:-
Shallow aquifer (Phreatic) development (up to 30m depth) in the area is limited due to rapid urbanization inferior quality and low yields. In general the ground water occurs under water table condition & confined condition where water level ranges from 30 to 40 mts depth depending upon the rock type. Pumping water level of the area is 40 to 50 mts. tube wells and DCB yield portable water up to 80 mts. depth and Quality deteriorates with depth.
3.4.3.11 Feasibility of Source at and around Dada Nagar Village & Project area:-
Area around Morvi Town is checked on ground water prospect Map, prepared by National Remote Sensing Agency, Dept. of SPAC, G.O.I. Hyderabad, map sheet no. 41J13 for feasibility of source. The detail is as under
Hydro Geomorphic units/ land form: APS– 3 (Alluvium Plain Shallow (6-10m)) Geological sequence/ Rock type :- Upper cretaceous to Eocene Deccan Traps Depth of water table of the area : 28-14 m in Dug well, 20-30 m in Borewell
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Recharge condition : Limited Aquifer Material in Basaltic Rock : L.S. Loose sediment F.R.- Fractured rock WR – Weathered rock Type of Well of the area o B.W. Borewell – 150-200 mts.depth,60-80 LPM Homogeneity in the unit & success rate of well – Moderate Quality of water –Potable, some places – Non Potable Ground water irrigated area – 4 to 6% Recharge structure suitability and priority – Moderate RP = Recharge Pit, CD=Check Dam, RB = Recharge Bore Remarks (Problems/Limitations) Alluvium, underground basalt, forms the aquifer more suitable for bore wells, In & around village Haripar, Gala, Mansar, Ground water is brackish.
3.4.4 Land Use Status
The land-use & land cover map of the 10 km radius study area from the project site has been prepared using IRS P6 LISS-IV satellite image procured from NRSC (National Remote sensing Centre), Hyderabad. Land use pattern of the study area as well as the catchment area was carried out by standard methods of analysis of remotely sensed data and followed by ground truth collection (Bench mark) and interpretation of satellite data. The outcome of land use study has been presented below in subsequent table and figures. The data was processed through ArcGIS Software tools available with ESRI Package. The Land use map of the 10 Km study area is presented in Fig 3.4.2
Land use & land cover classification results
Land Cover is the physical material at the surface of the earth (it include grass, asphalt, trees, bare ground, water, etc.) whereas Land use is the human use of land.
Land Use involves the management and modification of natural environment or wilderness into built environment such as fields, pastures, and settlements. It has also been defined as
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"the arrangements, activities and inputs people undertake in a certain land cover type to produce, change or maintain it".
There is no one ideal classification of land use and land cover, and i t is unlikely that one could ever be developed. There are different perspectives in the classification process, and the process itself tends to be subjective, even when an objective numerical approach is used.
Concepts concerning land cover and land use activity are closely related and in many cases have been used interchangeably. The purposes for which lands are being used commonly have associated types of cover, whether they are forest, agricultural, residential, or industrial.
Remote sensing image-forming devices do not record activity directly. The remote sensor acquires a response which is based on many characteristics of the land surface, including natural or artificial cover. The interpreter uses color, tones, textures, shapes, size, patterns, and site associations to derive information about land use activities from what is basically information about land cover.
To begin with, there is considerable diversity of opinion about what constitutes land use, although present use of land is one of the characteristics that are widely recognized as significant for planning and management purposes.
The classification must be scientifically defensible presenting a logical progression of its applicability over large areas, amenable for use with remote sensor data. The classification scheme is adopted for extracting information for on most possible land use/land cover classes in general and all the agricultural seasons in particular and hence enable to repeat the process at regular time intervals.
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The present Land use / Land cover map for the proposed project activity is prepared by current vintage of satellite image. This report thus will enable assessing the impact on land use pattern in the study area due to the proposed project activity.
3.4.4.1 DATA USED
Current vintage data of Indian Remote Sensing satellite IRS P6 LISS III digital FCC (False Color Composite) has been used for preparation of Land use/ Land cover thematic map of study area. Survey of India toposheet as a reference map on 1:50,000 scale has been used for preparation of base layer data like road, rail network, village and mine site and for geo referencing of satellite image.
Technical Details Satellite Image - IRS P6 LISS IV MX DATED 1ST MARCH 2011 Satellite Data Source - NRSC, Hyderabad Software Used - Earth Resources Data Analysis System (ERDAS) Imagine 9.2 and ArcGis10.
3.4.4.2 METHODOLOGY
Land use / Land cover map preparation, Base map creation; Geometric and Radiometric correction of satellite image has been processed using ERDAS Imagine 9.2 Software. Salient features of the adopted methodology are given below: Acquisition of satellite data. Preparation of base map from Survey of India toposheets. Data analysis using visual interpretation techniques. Ground truth studies or field checks. Finalization of the map. Digitization using heads up vectorisation method. Area calculation for statistics generation.
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3.4.4.3 INTERPRETATION OF REMOTE SENSING DATA
Satellite images are composed of array of grid, each grid has a numeric value that is known as digital number. Smallest unit of this grid is known as a pixel that captures reflectance of ground features represented in terms of Digital number, each representing specific land features. Using image classification technique, the satellite data is converted into thematic information, map based on the user’s knowledge about the ground area. Hybrid technique has been used i.e. visual interpretation and digital image processing for identification of different land use and vegetation cover classes based on spectral signature of geographic feature.
Spectral signature represents various land use classes. Image interpretation keys are developed based on image characteristics like color, tone, size, shape, texture, pattern, shadow, association etc, which enables interpretation of satellite images for ground feature. Training sites are then assigned based on their spectral signature and interpretation elements. Using image classification algorithm land use map is generated.
A total of seven land use/land cover classes have been demarcated in the study area following Level I, II and III classification (Table 1). A thematic map suitable for 1:25,000 scale map generation incorporating these classified categories has been prepared and considering that the area of the project is considerably small a large scale map is prepared (Fig.1). The area as a whole represents plain area with very gentle sloping to nearly level area & to the eastern of area is canals flowing from east to west and it is also observed that the minor stream are linked with these main river channel ( Machu )debouche into the Little Rann of Kutch. Medium level industrial zone covered for 0.64 sq km, the total land area of scrub land covered 5.76 sq km and 270.12 sq km area covered under agriculture land as well as plantation / Horticulture 0.01 sq km has developed mainly in the area adjacent to the rivers.
The adjoining area of project site is totally agricultural land including Kharif ,Rabi and Summer crop, constitute the dominant category of land use covering as much as 270.12 sq km of the total area. Active river canal forming the perennial water body together with the numerous open & wastelands form a major and minor land cover category. Active river and its tributaries flowing into it cover about 12.06 sq km of the total project area. Due to large seasonal variation in discharge of these rivers, the area coverage of this category various in space and time. The consistently shifting nature of the (canal name) and consequent bank migration has resulted in large uncultivated & rural settlement along the active plain area towards the site location. These areas (0.89 sq km) are perennially waterlogged dry and settlement development area the project site is located within the uncultivated land area significant distribution. The land use for settlement is mostly confined to the ‘rural and urban settlement’ (built up-rural) 4.68 sq km and land without scrub feature 20.30 sq km of the total area & as such there is no current fallow land because the satellite used is of March month when most of the crop is towards senence or maturity .
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S.No. LULC Class Area (Sq.Km2) Percentage 1 Built up land (Urban/Rural) 4.68 1.49 2 Industry 0.64 0.20 Kharif crop land Rabi crop land 270.12 85.98 Zaid cropland 3 Double/triple crop land 4 Plantations / Horticulture 0.01 0.01 5 Waterlogged 0.89 0.28 5 Land with scrub 5.76 1.83 6 Land without scrub 20.30 6.37 Water bodies: 12.06 3.84 7 Rivers/Streams/Lakes/canal TOTAL 314.276 100
Table 3.4.2 Land use Details
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Fig. 3.4.2 Land Use Map
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Fig. 3.4.3 High Resolution Satellite image showing 10 kms radius around the plant site
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Fig. 3.4.4 Topographical Map
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Fig 3.4.5 Infrastructure map
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3.4.5 Topography of the study area THE AREA OF THE PROJECT SITE (M/S. AATMAJYOT CHEM P. LTD) IS LOCATED IN THE NORTHERN PART OF RAJKOT DISTRICT OF GUJARAT STATE. The topographic feature & drainage pattern of the study area has been studied from SRTM3, 2008 data having resolution of 3 arc seconds. The toposheet have been analysed using GIS application to generate the contour line at interval of 10 Kms considering one elevated area in the study region. Further, the digital elevation data have been analysed to determine the slope & elevation profiles of the each individual villages of the study area as well as whole study area to ascertain the landform of the villages and study area. It has been observed that the major area of study area is levelled plain to nearly level with small slopes. Two areas in the study region have been noticed with considerably medium slope near village Rangpur making the landform of small slopes indicating small plain with the elevation profile. Over all slope direction of the study area is noticed towards north to south west. The maximum elevation and higher slope is found near eastern part of Rangpur, and Bela Rangpur village where a medium height is situated. The generated streams indicated that the most of the area are covered by two main stream ie Machu river flowing through the Northern area and downstream merges with major river ie. Machu . Besides it is also observed that the minor stream are linked with these two main drainage channel and are sufficient to take care of draining the runoff during probable high rainfall to avoid flooding in the region. Topography of the area is characterized by dominating plain area with very gentle sloping to nearly level area .
DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL
Digital Elevation Models are data files that contain the elevation of the terrain over a specified area, usually at a fixed grid interval over the "Bare Earth". The intervals between each grid points will always be referenced to some geographical coordinate system. This is usually either latitude-longitude or UTM (Universal Transverse M/s. T. R. Associates 3.4.18
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Mercator) coordinate systems. The closer are together the grid points, more detailed information will be in the file. The detail s of the peaks and valleys in the terrain will be better modelled with small grid spacing than when the grid interval s are very large. Elevations other than at the specific grid point locations are not contained in the file. As a result peak points and valley points not coinciding with the grid will not be recorded in the file. For practical purpose this "Bare Earth" DEM is generally synonymous with a Digital Terrain Model (DTM)
3.4.5.1 DATA USED
DEM Data: Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data Software Used: ERDAS Imagine 9.2 & Arc GIS 10.
PHYSIOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE PATTERN
The area of the project site is located in the northern part of Rajkot District of Gujarat state. Topography of the area is characterized by very gentle sloping area to level to nearly level. A Seasonal river, i .e. Machu River, drains through the study area and merges into Little Rann of Kutch.
3.4.6 Ecology and Bio diversity
3.4.6.1 DATA COLLECTION AND FIELD VISIT In order to understand the ecological status of different habitats, status of biodiversity in and around the proposed project area, the field work was carried out from March to May, 2014 (post winter and summer seasons). Simultaneously, data analysis and report preparation was carried out from March to May 2014. Summary of the field surveys are given in Table 3.4.3.
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Table: 3.4.3 Field Survey Month Particular Mar. 2014 Collection and compilation of secondary data on biodiversity in and around the project sites. Apr. 2014 Field survey and collection of primary data on flora, fauna, local interview to collect crops data and traditional data on medicinal and wild life information Mar.-May. 2014 Data entry, Data analysis & Report Preparation
3.4.6.2 DETAIL METHODOLOGY
3.4.6.2.1 Secondary data collection
• After first consultation with client we had discussed with our team and standardized our approach for each component of project. • We received all site specific information including maps, toposheets, project related documents etc. from client. • Collection and collation of project related secondary information from our EIA coordinator of consultant. • Rapid survey of the project area to identify existing major habitat types within it (Wilderness area-Wasteland & Gauchar land: Krishnagar road, Gungan, Nr.jadeshwar temple, Nr.Amangar, Gada village and Nr.Sapar; Agriculture & Road side habitation: Gala-Sapar road, Rangpur-Bela road, Rampur-Meghpar road and Bharatnagar- Bhaktinagar road; and Wetlands including village ponds, tanks, nallah and riverine: like Machchhu river, Ghodadhrai river, Nr.Waghapar nallah, Bela nallah and Nr.Rangpur rivulet).
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Fig.: 3.4.6 Google image showing in and around the Project Location.
3.4.6.2.2 Marking and understanding of project area
The project study area was delineated into GOOGLE map and identified major LuLc for biodiversity inventory study on available topo maps of study areas. Details of the LuLc of project study area given in Figure 3.4.7.
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Fig.: 3.4.7 Dominant Land use-Land cover (LuLc) Map of Project Area (within 10 Kms radii).
3.4.6.2.3 Collection of primary field-based data
After various meeting with project authority and consultant, we finalized our field-level approach and methodology for collection of primary biodiversity related data. This field approach involved mainly the survey-based primary data collection on various biodiversity components of the project objectives. The field data collection mainly included biodiversity assessment of different life forms of floral species such as; trees, shrubs & climbers, herbs and grass. Faunal diversity was also assessed by inventorying the major group like Herpetofauna, birds and mammals.
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For biodiversity assessment we followed standard methods for each component like for plants survey, we laid a plots at various site specific habitat and paramulated method been employed to document each plant species with their phonological and other important details like medicinal value from local villagers, associated habitat, local name etc. While, for bird species survey, we followed total count method for aquatic species (Bhupathy 1991) and point counted survey (Bibby et al., 1992) employed to survey terrestrial species. In case of Herpetofauna, method suggested by Welsh (1987) been employed and intensive time constrained search been employed for each dominant habitat. Daniels (1992) and Burnham et al., (1980) methods been followed to search mammalian species through direct count and indirect count, respectively.
3.4.6.3 DETAIL SAMPLING METHOD AND LITERATURE OF REVIEW
3.4.6.3.1 Floral Status
Status of floral diversity was assessed in representative habitats of each type like; wastelands which include: open scrub, gauchar land and Prosopis juliflora thickets, semi-wilderness area, agricultural hedge, near human habitation, plantation, stream and river beds and wetlands (inland).
3.4.6.3.2 Faunal Status
For Herpetofauna Status of herpetofauna was assessed using Intensive Time Constrained Search Method covering different micro habitats (Welsh, 1987, Welsh and Lind 1991). This intensive search was made in different habitat types randomly selected. For Birds Avifaunal status was assessed both in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Total count or flock count method was adopted to assess the status of aquatic birds in the existing water bodies (Sridharan 1989 and Bhupathy 1991). Point count method was used to assess the status of terrestrial birds (Bibby et al., 1992 and Hutto et al., 1986). The second technique adopted was area search method (Dieni and Jones 2002), a time
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3.4.6.4 BIODIVERSITY STATUS
This section discuses the ecological status of biota for the M/s. Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd. The baseline status of biota (plant and animals) discussed at various site-specific as well as habitat specific. Several time also discuused with local communities to collect various information relating to existing biodiversity in and around the project sites and same also benn confirmed through available literature on taluka and distirct level with form of published and un-published references.
3.4.6.4.1 Study habitats
Based on the Survey of India 1:50,000 Topo sheet, the area falling within 5 kms (Near Project Areas) and 10 kms (In and around the Project Areas) radius from the KPA site was predominately dominated by three major habitat types such as: agricultural land (agro-ecosystem), wastelands and riverine/nallah areas. However, for the study purpose they have been delineated into five sub-habitat types according to the nature of vegetation existing and use of faunal species. 1. Agro-ecosystem; it means areas currently under intensive agriculture use (irrigated lands, un-irrigated lands/rain fed irrigation) and it’s surrounding hedge vegetation (locally known as – Khetar and Wadis) owned by the private
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people. Since these areas are rich in moisture availability due to continuous cultivation it supports diverse floral and faunal species and formed major habitat of the KPA. 2. Waste land with open scrub and gauchar land; mainly small patches of waste lands (Gauchar lands, cultivable waste) with wild species of scrub vegetation and scattered tree species which belongs to revenue /government or private. These patches are not true and designated forest areas. 3. Riverside and wetland; this includes the area on the banks of seasonal rivers, streams and small nallahs.
3.4.6.4.2 Status of flora
3.4.6.4.2.1 Taxonomical status of Plant Species
Within the sample plots of the study areas, a total of 131 plant species belong to 118 genera and 53 families were recorded. In addition, dicotyledons are dominant plant group and representated by 117 species (89.47%) (Table 3.4.4). In addition, maximum species (85 Nos.) were recorded from agriculture & road side habitat and followed by wasteland/habitation/gauchar land habitat (76 species) and wetland/riverine areas (57 species).
Table 3.4.4: Taxonomic Status of plant species: M/s. Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd. Taxonomical Dicotyledons Monocotyledons Overall status Families 50 3 53 Genera 104 14 118 Species 117 14 131 Relative % 89.47 % 10.53 % 100 %
3.4.6.4.2.2 Life form Status of Plant species
Study area reported 133 plant species and they formed 13 sub-categories of lifeforms within five main categories. Among the life forms, herb was dominated by recording 53 species and contributed maximum of 39.85% of the total list of plants followed by trees (34 species and 25.56%). Third dominating life form was shrub species (24) and shared
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18.80%. The contribution other life forms was less than 10% of the species list (Table 3.4.5).
Table 3.4.5: Life form Status of plant species: M/s. Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd.
Relative Life Form Nos. % Herb Aquatic Herb 1 53 39.85 Herb 52
Grass Grass 11 12 9.77 Sedge 1
Climber Climber 4 Parasite 1 8 6.02 Twiner 2
Woody Twiner 1
Shrub Under Shrub 6 Shrub 13 24 18.80 Straggling 5 Shrub Tree Tree 26 34 25.56 Small Tree 8
TOTAL 133 133 100.00
3.4.6.4.2.3 Common Tree Species
A total of 11 common tree species were identified with a total of 34 trees within the sample plots of the study area. Among the species, Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica and Cassia siamea was enumerated maximum times in and around the settlement areas (Table 3.4.6).
Table 3.4.6: Common Tree species: M/s. Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd Species Name Local Name Habit Family
Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. subsp. Deshi Baval, 1 Tree Mimosaceae indica(Bth.) Brenan Bavar 2 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Bth. Karo Sirish Tree Mimosaceae 3 Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Limbdo, Neem Tree Meliaceae 4 Cassia siamea Lam. Kasid Tree Caesalpiniaceae 5 Cordia gharaf (Forsk.) E.&.A. Gundi Tree Ehretiaceae 6 Delonix regia (Boj.) Raf. Gulmohor Tree Caesalpiniaceae
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Species Name Local Name Habit Family
7 Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet Karanj Tree Fabaceae 8 Ficus benghalensis L. Vad Tree Moraceae 9 Leucaena latisiliqua (L.) Wt. & Arn. Liso Bavar Tree Mimosaceae 10 Mangifera indica L. Keri Tree Anacardiaceae Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) 11 Tamrafali Tree Caesalpiniaceae Backer ex Heyne
3.4.6.4.2.4 Wild/Forest Tree Species
Within the study area only 4 wild/forest tree species have been recorded which were belonging to 4 families and 4 genera. Since the area are dominant with agriculture habitat, and hence, very few trees were recorded under this category (Table 3.4.7) and it indicates low density of wild tree species in and around the study area.
Table 3.4.7: Wild/Forest Tree species: M/s. Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd Sr.No Species Name Local Name Habit Family Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Harmo Bavar Tree Mimosaceae 1 Willd. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kesudo, Tree Fabaceae 2 Taub. Khakharo Makrodu, Small Diospyros cordifolia Roxb. Ebenaceae 3 Makrodi Tree 4 Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Khijado, Hangar Tree Mimosaceae
3.4.6.4.2.5 Status of Agriculture Crops
Based on the intensive field survey in and around the agricultural area and dialogue with the local farmers a total of 10 species have been listed from the study area as crop species. Fruit and vegetable crops were found cultivated along the agricultural hedges in a small extent of area (Table 3.4.8). In the study area, Kapas (Gossypium herbaceum), Bajri (Pennisetum typhoides) and Ghahun (Triticum asetivum) are the major crops cultivated extensively.
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Table 3.4.8: Status of Agriculture and Other Crop Species Recorded: M/s. Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Sr.No Species Name Local Name Habit Family Season 1 Citrus limon (L.) Burm. Limbu Small Tree Rutaceae All Gossypium herbaceum auct. Non L. var. acerifolium (Guill. Kapas Shrub Malvaceae 2 & Perr.) Chevalier Monsoon 3 Momordica charantia L. Karela Climber Cucurbitaceae All Summer Pennisetum typhoides A. Rich. Bajri, Bajaro Grass Poaceae 4 Monsoon 5 Through Interviewed Ghahun Grass Poaceae Winter
6 Through Interviewed Tal Herb Pedaliaceae Monsoon 7 Through Interviewed Mag Phali Herb Fabaceae Monsoon 8 Through Interviewed Jovar Herb Poaceae Monsoon 9 Through Interviewed Jiru Herb Apiaceae Winter 10 Through Interviewed Variari Herb Apiaceae Winter
3.4.7 Status of Fauna
The discuss status of various faunal groups like; amphibians, reptiles, birds (terrestrial and aquatic) and mammals at KPA study area level. Among the groups, due to taxa specific nature of life, direct sightings of herpetofauna and mammalian fauna are always lower than the avifauna which is comparatively more active. Therefore status of herpetofauna and mammals groups were discussed at species richness and abundance levels predominately based on indirect evidences for mammals reported within the sample area as well based on personal interview with communities like farmers and pastoralist in and around the KPA study areas.
3.4.7.1 Herpetofauna
The buffer zone area covering 5 km radius reported overall 7 species belong to 7 genus and 6 families. Within the buffer zone, among the habitats types maximum of five species were enered along the Machchhu River (discussed and collected information
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Table: 3.4.9 Taxonomical Status of Herpetofauna: M/s. Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd. Family & Species name Common and Local Name IUCN Status FROGS/ Ranidae Euphlyctis LR-nt 1 Skittering Frog (Dedako) cyanophlyctis LIZARDS/ Gekkonidae Spotted Indian House Gecko 2 Hemidactylus brookii LR-lc (Garodi) AGAMIDS/ Agamidae 3 Calotes versicolor Indian Garden Lizard (Kachindo) LR-nt 4 Sitana ponticeriana Fan-Throated Lizard (Kachindi) LR-lc SNAKES/ Boidae 5 Eryx johnii Eastern Red Sand Boa (Dhomalo) LR-lc SNAKES/ Colubridae 6 Ptyas mucosa Indian Rat Snake (Nag) LR-nt TURTLES/ Trionychidae 7 Indian Mud or Flap-shell Turtle - Lissemys punctata (Kachbo) LR-nt- Lower risk near threatened and LR-Ic- Lower risk least concern
3.4.7.2 Birds (Terrestrial and Aquatic)
Status of terrestrial and aquatic birds was assessed during latter part of winter and summer and reported a total of 38 species belongs to 37 genera and 31 families in the buffer zone of study area (Table 3.4.10). Habitat specific abundance resulted more contribution was from agriculture and habitation areas; and there is no any permanent aquatic habitat existing within it, therefore during the study period aquatic avifauna was reported from the nearby wetland and reservoir.
Table 3.4.10: Overall Status of Terrestrial and Aquatic Birds: M/s. Aatmajyot
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Chem Pvt. Ltd. S. No. Order, Family and Species Common English Name MS Sch. FG GALLIRORMES Phasianidae 1 Pavo cristatus Indian Peafowl R I G ANSERIFORMES Anatidae 2 Sarkidiornis melanotos Comb Duck R IV A UPUPIFORMES Upupidae 3 Upupa epops Common Hoopoe RM IV I CORACIIFORMES Coraciidae 4 Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller R IV I Alcedinidae 5 Alcedo Hercules Common Kingfisher R IV P Dacelonidae 6 Halcyon smyrnensis White-throated Kingfisher R IV P Cerylidae 7 Ceryle rudis Lesser Pied Kingfisher R IV P Meropidae 8 Merops orientalis Green Bee-eater R IV I CUCULIFORMES Cuculidae 9 Eudynamys scolopacea Asian Koel R IV F Centropodidae 10 Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal R IV O PSITTACIFORMES Psittacidae 11 Psittacula krameri Rose-ringed Parakeet R IV F APODIFORMES Apodidae 12 Apus affinis House(Little) Swift R IV I STEIGIFORMES Strigidae 13 Athene brama Spotted Owlet R IV C COLUMBIFORMES Columbidae 14 Columba livia Rock Pigeon R IV G 15 Streptopelia tranquebarica Red-collared Dove R IV G GRUIFORMES Rallidae 16 Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen R IV A 17 Fulica atra Common Coot R IV A CICONIFORMES Scolopacidae 18 Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper R IV A Charadriidae
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S. No. Order, Family and Species Common English Name MS Sch. FG 19 Vanellus indicus Red-wattled Lapwing R IV I Accipitridae 20 Accipiter badius Shikra R I C 21 Circius melanoleucos Pied Harrier RM I C Falconidae 22 Falco tinnunculus Common Kestral RM IV C Phalacrocoracidae 23 Phalacrocorax niger Little Cormorant R IV A Ardeidae 24 Ardea cinerea Grey Heron RM IV A 25 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret R IV AI Threskiornithidae 26 Threskiornis melanocephalus Black-headed Ibis RM IV A 27 Pseudibis papillosa Black Ibis R IV I PASSERIFORMES Corvidae 28 Corvus splendens House Crow R V I 29 Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo R IV I Muscicapidae 30 Saxicoloides fulicata Indian Robin R IV I Sturnidae 31 Acridotheres ginginianus Bank Myna R IV I 32 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna R IV I Hirundinidae 33 Hirundo daurica Red-rump Swallow R IV I Pycnonotidae 34 Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul R IV I Sylviidae 35 Turdoides malcolmi Large Grey Babbler R IV G Alaudidae 36 Galerida cristata Crested Lark R IV GI Nectariniidae 37 Nectarinia asiatica Purple Sunbird R IV N Passeridae 38 Passer domesticus House Sparrow R IV G MS= Migratory Status, M= Migratory, R= Resident, RM= Resident migratory; Sch= Schedule as per Wildlife Protection Act 1972; and FG= Feeding Guild, O= Omnivore, G= Granevore, P= Pisivore, C= Carnivore, I= Insectivore, A= Aquatic.
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3.4.7.3 Status of mammals
As discussed with local people, within buffer zone only seven species of mammalian fauna was reported and each belongs to separate family/group. None of the family reported more than one species and showed low species richness (Table 3.4.11). Since the study area dominated by agriculture habitat, mammalian fauna showed low species richness.
Table 3.4.11: Overall Status of Mammals: M/s. Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd. Food WPA,1972 S. No. Scientific Name Species Habit Status Bovidae Boselaphus tragocamelus III 1 (Pallas, 1766) Nilgai Herbivore Canidae Canis aureus (Linnaeus, 2 1758) Golden Jackal Omnivore II Herpestidae Herpestes edwardsii II 3 (E.Geoffroy Saint- Hilaire,1818) Grey Mongoose Omnivore Hyaenidae Hyaena hyaena - 4 (Linnaeus,1758) Striped Hyena Scavenger Hystricidae Indian - 5 Hystrix indica (Kerr,1792) Porcupine Herbivore Suidae 6 Sus scrofa (Linnaeus,1758) Wild Boar Herbivore III Anon. 1972. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Ammended 1991. Natraj Publication, Dehra Dun. 154 p.
3.4.8 THREATENED PLANTS & ANIMALS AND CONCLUSION NOTE
This study reported a total of 131 plant species, 7 herpetofauna, 38 birds and 6 species of mamamals from the buffer zone of M/s. Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd. However, no threatened biodiversity reported with highest density or richness from the core and buffer zones of the study area. The proposed industrial facilities in the form of construction of chemical handling M/s. T. R. Associates 3.4.32
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storage infrastructural will apparently increase the vehicle movement in the project area while transporting and distributing their chemical production to different destinations. Therefore, one would expect changes in the quality of the air environment in and around the proposed project area, though the increase in the vehicle movements would be negligible. In spite of the expected drastic reduction in the vehicle movements, due to the above mentioned initiation by the M/s. Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd., to further improve the ambient air quality and maintain the environmental integrity in and around the proposed project area “Participatory Greenbelt development” programme has been suggested under Environmental Management Plan with also developing ecological integrity through native fruit trees. In addition, no true multi species forest type was recorded in the vicinity of the five kilometer radii in and around the project site. It clearly indicates the low productive potential of the terrestrial ecosystem. Since the project associated activities do not required any forest land neither ecosensitive areas, the terrestrial ecosystem is considerably free from the project related impacts.
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REFERENCE ======
Ali, S. (2002). Book of Indian Birds. Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford university press. Thirteenth Edn.Pp. 326.
Anon. 1972. The Wildlife (Protection) Act. 1972. Amended 1991. Natraj Publication, Dehra Dun. 154 p.
Bhandari, M. M. (1990). Flora of the Indian Desert. Scientific publishers. Jodhpur, Rajasthan. 435 PP.
Bhupathy, S. 1991. Population and Resource Utilisattion of Waterfowl in Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur. Ph.D. Thesis, Rajasthan University, Jaipur.
Daniels R.J.R 2005. Amphibians of Peninsular India. Universities press (India) Private limited. First Edn. pp. 267.
Dieni, J.S. and jones, S.L. 2002. A field test of the area search method for measuring breeding birds population, J. Field Ornithology, 73: 253-257.
Grimmett, R., Inskipp, C., Inskipp, T., 2013. Birds of the Indian Subcontinent. Oxford University Press. New Delhi. Pp. 528.
IUCN . 2000. Red List of Threatened Species. Species Survival Commission (SSC) IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
Molur, s and S. Walker 1998. Report of the workshop “Conservation Assessment and Management Plan for reptiles of India” (BCPP – Endangered species Project), Zoo Outreach Organization, Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, India, Coimbatore, India 175 pp.
Molur S and S Walker (eds). 1998. Report of the Workshop “Conservation Assessment and Management Plan – CAMP for Mammals of India, (BCPP - Endangered Species Project, Zoo Outreach Organisation, Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, India, Coimbatore, India, 176 P.
Mueller-Dombois, D and H. Ellensberg. 1967. Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology. John Wiley& Sons, New York.545.p.
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Prater. S. H. (2005). The Book of Indian Animals. Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University press 12th Edn. pp. 316.
Ravi Chellam., Joshua, J., Williams, C.A. and Johnsingh A.J.T. 1994. Survey of potential site for re-introduction of Asiatic Lions. Final Report. Wildlife Institute of India , 39 pp.
Rodgers, W.A. 1991. Technique for Wildlife Census in India, A field Manual. Technical Manual. TM2. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun. India.81pp.
Sale, J.B. and K. Berkmuller, 1988. Manual of Wildlife Techniques for India. FAO, United Nation’s India Establishment of Wildlife Institute of India Dehra Dun.
Shah, G. L. 1978. Flora of Gujarat State. University Press, Sardar Patel University. Vallabh Vidyanagar.174 PP.
Singh, H.S. 2001. National Heritage of Gujarat. GEER foundation, Gandhinagar. 262.Pp.
WCMC 1994. Status Report as of 24th November 1994. Gujarat Print out from plant database. BG-BASE World Conservation Monitoring Center, Cambridge. Chapman and Hall, London.
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Table 3.4.12 : Habitat-wise checklist of Plant Species recorded in and around the M/s. Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd. Habitat Wasteland/ Sr.No Species Name Local Name Habit Family Agriculture Wetland Habitation / / / Road Side Riverine Gauchar Land Abutilon indicum (L.) Sw. subsp. 1 Kanski Under Shrub Malvaceae √ √ indicum 2 Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. Harmo Bavar Tree Mimosaceae √ √
Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. subsp. 3 Deshi Baval, Bavar Tree Mimosaceae √ √ indica(Bth.) Brenan 4 Acalypha indica L. Dadario, Dadro Herb Euphorbiaceae √ √ Achyranthes aspera L. var. argentea 5 Andhedi, Anghedo Herb Amaranthaceae √ √ Hook. f. Achyranthes aspera L. var. 6 Andhedi Herb Amaranthaceae √ √ porphyristachya Hk. f. 7 Aerva persica (Burm.f.) Merrill Gorakh Ganjo Herb Amaranthaceae √
8 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. MotoArduso Rukhdo, Tree Simaroubaceae √ √ 9 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Bth. Karo Sirish Tree Mimosaceae √ √ 10 Alternanthera pungens H. B. & K. Kantaro Bhangaro Herb Amaranthaceae √ 11 Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC. Jar Bhaji, Jar Bhangaro Herb Amaranthaceae √ √
Alysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC. var. 12 Nano Sanervo Herb Fabaceae √ monilifer 13 Amaranthus spinosus L. Jangali tandaljo Herb Amaranthaceae √ √ 14 Ammannia baccifera L. Rato Jal Agio, Lal Agio Herb Lythraceae √ 15 Argemone mexicana L. Darudi Herb Papaverceae √
16 Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Limbdo, Neem Tree Meliaceae √ √ √ 17 Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. Hingor, Ingoriyo Small Tree Balanitaceae √ √ √ 18 Bergia ammannioides Roxb. ex Roth Jal Ukharad Herb Elatinaceae √ 19 Blumea sp. - Herb Asteraceae √ 20 Boerhavia elegans Choisy Udha Satodo, Punnarva Herb Nyctaginaceae √ 21 Borreria articularis (L.f.) F.N. Will. - Herb Rubiaceae √
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Habitat Wasteland/ Sr.No Species Name Local Name Habit Family Agriculture Wetland Habitation / / / Road Side Riverine Gauchar Land 22 Bougainvillea spectabilis Wild. - Straggling Shrub Nyctaginaceae √ √ 23 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Kesudo, Khakharo Tree Fabaceae √ 24 Caesalpinia crista L. Kakach, Kakchiya Straggling Shrub Fabaceae √ 25 Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. Akado Shrub Asclepiadaceae √ √
26 Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew. Ker, Kerdo Under Shrub Capparaceae √ √
27 Capparis sepiaria L. Kanther Straggling Shrub Capparaceae √ √ √ 28 Carica papaya L. Papaya, Papayu Tree Caricaceae √ √ 29 Cassia auriculataL. Avar, Aval Shrub Caesalpiniaceae √
30 Cassia occidentalis L. Sundaro, Kasundro Herb Caesalpiniaceae √ 31 Cassia siamea Lam. Kasid Tree Caesalpiniaceae √ √ 32 Cassia tora L. Kunwario Herb Caesalpiniaceae √ √
33 Celosia argentea L. Lampadi, Lampdi Herb Amaranthaceae √ 34 Cenchrus biflorus auct. Dhaman Grass Poaceae √ 35 Chloris barbata Sw. Siyar Puchh Grass Poaceae √ 36 Chrozophora prostrata Dalz. Betho Okharad Herb Euphorbiaceae √ 37 Citrus limon (L.) Burm. Limbu Small Tree Rutaceae √ √ 38 Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. Vad Mendhi Herb Verbenaceae √ √ 39 Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f.) O. Arni Small Tree Verbenaceae √ √ 40 Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Tindora Climber Cucurbitaceae √ √
41 Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels Vevdi Straggling Shrub Menispermaceae √ √
42 Coldenia procumbens L. Okharad Herb Boraginaceae √ Convolvulus microphyllus (Roth) Sieb. ex 43 Khetrau Sankhavali Herb Convolvulaceae √ √ √ Spr. 44 Corchorus aestuans L. Kag Shing Herb Tiliaceae √ √ 45 Cordia dichotoma Forst. Mota Gunda Tree Ehretiaceae √ √ 46 Cordia gharaf (Forsk.) E.&.A. Gundi Tree Ehretiaceae √ √
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Habitat Wasteland/ Sr.No Species Name Local Name Habit Family Agriculture Wetland Habitation / / / Road Side Riverine Gauchar Land 47 Cucumis prophetarum L. Kantalo Indranan Climber Cucurbitaceae √ √ 48 Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Amarvel Parasite Cuscutaceae √ 49 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Dhrab Grass Poaceae √ √
50 Cyperus rotundus L. subsp. rotundus Chiyo Sedge Cyperaceae √ √ √ Dactyloctenium aegypticum (L.) P. 51 - Grass Poaceae √ Beauv. 52 Datura metel L. Dhaturo Under Shrub Solanaceae √ √ √ 53 Delonix regia (Boj.) Raf. Gulmohor Tree Caesalpiniaceae √ √ 54 Dendrocalamus strictus Nees Narvans, Manvel-Vans Grass Poaceae 55 Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet Karanj Tree Fabaceae √ √
56 Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf Dabha, Dabhado Grass Poaceae √ √
57 Digera muricata (L.) Mart. Kanjaro, Kanejro Herb Amaranthaceae √ √ 58 Diospyros cordifolia Roxb. Makrodu, Makrodi Small Tree Ebenaceae √ 59 Dipteracanthus prostratus Hassk. - Herb Acanthaceae √ 60 Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link Samo Grass Poaceae √ √ 61 Echinops echinatus Roxb. Utkanto Under Shrub Asteraceae √ √
62 Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Mant. Jal Bhangro Herb Asteraceae √ √ 63 Enicostema axillare (Lamk.) Roynal Mamejavo Herb Gentianaceae √ √ 64 Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Nilgiri Tree Myrtaceae √ √ 65 Euphorbia hirta L. Dudhali Herb Euphorbiaceae √ √
66 Euphorbia nivulia Buch.- Ham. Thuar, Thor Shrub Euphorbiaceae √ √ 67 Euphorbia thymifolia L. Dudheli Herb Euphorbiaceae √ √
Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. var. 68 Kari Sankhavail Herb Convolvulaceae √ √ alsinoides 69 Ficus benghalensis L. Vad Tree Moraceae √ √ 70 Ficus religiosa L. Piparo Tree Moraceae √ √
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Habitat Wasteland/ Sr.No Species Name Local Name Habit Family Agriculture Wetland Habitation / / / Road Side Riverine Gauchar Land 71 Glinus lotoides L. Okharad Herb Molluginaceae √ 72 Gomphrena celosioides Mart - Herb Amaranthaceae √ Gossypium herbaceum auct. Non L. var. 73 Kapas Shrub Malvaceae √ acerifolium(Guill. & Perr.) Chevalier 74 Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir. - Herb Asteraceae √ 75 Heliotropium ovalifolium Forsk. - Herb Boraginaceae √ 76 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Jasund Shrub Malvaceae √ 77 Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Kanaji Tree Ulmaceae √ √ 78 Indigofera linnaei Ali. - Herb Fabaceae √ 79 Ipomoea fistulosa Mart. - Straggling Shrub Convolvulaceae √ √ √ 80 Jatropha gossypifolia L. Ratanjyot Shrub Euphorbiaceae √ 81 Justicia procumbens L. Bodi Andhedi Herb Acanthaceae √ 82 Lindernaria sp. - Herb Scrophulariaceae √ 83 Kirganelia reticulata (Poir.) Baill. Kamboi Shrub Euphorbiaceae √ √ 84 Lantana camara auct. Non L. Indradhanu Under Shrub Verbenaceae √ √ Launaea procumbens (Roxb.) Ram. & 85 Moti Bhoyan Patri Herb Asteraceae √ √ √ Raj. 86 Leucaena latisiliqua (L.) Wt. & Arn. Liso Bavar Tree Mimosaceae √ 87 Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karst. Tamata, Tamatu Herb Solanaceae √ √ 88 Manilkara sp. - Tree Sapotaceae √ 89 Maerua oblongifolia (Foeak.) A. Rich. Hemkand Woody Twiner Capparaceae √ √ √ 90 Mangifera indica L. Keri Tree Anacardiaceae √ 91 Momordica charantia L. Karela Climber Cucurbitaceae √ 92 Morus alba L. Setur Tree Moraceae √ 93 Murraya koenigii (L.) Spr. Mitho Limado Small Tree Rutaceae √ 94 Nerium indicum Mill. Lal Karen Shrub Apocynaceae √
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Habitat Wasteland/ Sr.No Species Name Local Name Habit Family Agriculture Wetland Habitation / / / Road Side Riverine Gauchar Land 95 Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f. Poyana Aquatic Herb Nympheaceae √ 96 Ocimum sanctum L. Tulsi Herb Lamiaceae √ 97 Paspalum sp. - Grass Poaceae √ 98 Parthenium hysterophorus L. Congress Grass Herb Asteraceae √ √ √
99 Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer √ √ ex Heyne Tamrafali Tree Caesalpiniaceae 100 Pennisetum typhoides A. Rich. Bajri, Bajaro Grass Poaceae √ 101 Pergularia daemia (Forsk.) Chiov. Chamar Dudheli Twiner Asclepiadaceae √ √ √ 102 Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Rat Velio Herb Verbenaceae √ 103 Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw. Asopalav Tree Annonaceae √ √ 104 Polygonum glabrum Willd. - Herb Polygonaceae √ 105 Portulaca sp Luni Herb Portulacaceae √ 106 Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Khijado, Hangar Tree Mimosaceae √ √ √ 107 Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. Gando Bavar Shrub Mimosaceae √ √ √ 108 Punica granatum L. Dadam Small Tree Punicaceae √ 109 Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. Zapti Under Shrub Amaranthaceae √ √ √ 110 Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. var. minima - Twiner Fabaceae √ √ √ 111 Ricinus communis L. Divela, Arenda Shrub Euphorbiaceae √ 112 Saccharum spontaneum L. Dabh, Kans Grass Poaceae √ √ 113 Salvadora oleoides Decne. Piludi Shrub Salvadoraceae √ √ √ 114 Salvadora persica L. Piludi-Khari Shrub Salvadoraceae √ √ 115 Sida ovata Forsk. - Herb Malvaceae √ 116 Solanum surattense Burm. f. Bhoyan Ringani Herb Solanaceae √ √ 117 Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Juwar, Jawar Grass Poaceae √ 118 Syzygium cumini (L.) Skells Jambu Tree Myrtaceae √ 119 Tamarindus indica L. Ambali, Emali Tree Caesalpiniaceae √ √
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Habitat Wasteland/ Sr.No Species Name Local Name Habit Family Agriculture Wetland Habitation / / / Road Side Riverine Gauchar Land 120 Tamarix sp. - Shrub Tamaricaceae √ 121 Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Sarpankho Herb Fabaceae √ √ √ 122 Terminalia catappa L. Badam Tree Combertaceae √ 123 Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corr. Paras Pimpro Small Tree Malvaceae √ 124 Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers Garo Climber Menispermaceae √ 125 Tribulus terrestris L. Gokharu Herb Zygophyllaceae √ √ 126 Trichodesma amplexicaule Roth Undha Fuli Herb Boraginaceae √ 127 Tridax procumbensi L. Pardeshi Bhangro Herb Asteraceae √
128 Typha angustata Bory. & Chaub. Gha Bajariu Herb Typhaceae √ 129 Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. Sahdevi Herb Asteraceae √
130 Xanthium strumarium L. Gadariyu Herb Asteraceae √ √ √ 131 Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. Mota Bor Small Tree Rhamnaceae √ √ TOTAL PLANT SPECIES RECORDED IN EACH HABITAT 85 57 76
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3.5. SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
3.5.1 Introduction
Development of projects goes hand in hand with environmental impact and hence before any project is undertaken the damages in relation to the benefits should be measured. Unfortunately environmental issues are interdisciplinary, interactive, biological and probabilistic and because the information is always deficient, the outcome has a considerable degree of uncertainty or risk. This conflict between development and conservation is difficult to reconcile. Environmental baseline, ecological reconnaissance and environmental impact studies provide databases and quantitative assessment of environmental factors related to development projects.
Any developmental activity will influence the socioeconomic conditions of the population in the region and thus the Quality of Life (QOL). Socioeconomic survey is necessary in EIA/EMP report preparation to predict the changes on social and economic status. Hence baseline data for demographic characteristics, education, health, amenities and sensitive locations existing in and around the project area have been studied in the study area. For the study of socioeconomics 5 km radius around the site is selected.
The study area is an industrial base for sectors such as textiles, drugs, chemicals, pharmaceuticals and agro and food processing industries. The most important sectors are the Chemicals industries. The major language is Guajarati, Hindi and English with a conglomeration of different cultures like Hindus, Muslims and the Christians. It is the centre of Gujarati cultural activities and diverse traditions of different ethnic and religious communities.
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.5.1 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
3.5.2 Socioeconomics
Village/town wise population, households, Occupation and Literacy status have been collected based on Census, 2011 in the following aspects
1. Total population 08. Total worker females (main + marginal) 2. House Holds 09. Main workers (Persons) 3. Literacy rate (Persons) 10. Marginal workers (Persons) 4. Literacy rate (Males) 11. Main workers (Persons) 5. Literacy rate (Females) 12. Non workers (Persons) 6. Total worker persons (main + 13. Non workers (Males) marginal) 7. Total worker males (main + 14. Non workers (Females) marginal)
3.5.2.1 Households
A 'household' is usually a group of persons who normally live together and take their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevent any of them from doing so. Persons in a household may be related or unrelated or a mix of both. However, if a group of unrelated persons live in a census house but do not take their meals from the common kitchen, then they are not constituent of a common household. Each such person was to be treated as separate households. The important link is finding out whether it was a household or not was a common kitchen. There may be one member households, two member households or multi-member households.
There are nearly 10481 households are found in the study area. The list of Households is given in Table 3.5.1.
3.5.2.2 Population
Village/ town wise population composition as per 2011 census is listed in table 3.5.1. The male and female population is 26041 and 24548 respectively. The SC and ST population from the total population is 3749 and 256 respectively.
The summarized data of population distribution is given in Table 3.5.1 and represented in Fig 3.5.1.
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.5.2 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Table 3.5.1 Population Composition
Population SC Population ST Population No. Name HH T M F T M F T M F 1 Sokhda 198 874 468 406 7 3 4 24 12 12 2 Bahadurgadh 223 870 455 415 68 39 29 0 0 0 3 Meghpar Zala 211 1079 566 513 79 43 36 0 0 0 4 Ramnagar 69 359 193 166 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Nava Nagdavas 182 839 437 402 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Juna Nagdavas 459 1794 898 896 68 38 30 14 5 9 7 Piludi 93 491 254 237 80 40 40 0 0 0 8 Vaghpar 362 1833 897 936 137 68 69 0 0 0 9 Gungan 270 1150 612 538 66 31 35 0 0 0 10 Ravapar Nadi 236 1072 546 526 108 50 58 1 1 0 11 Amarnagar 847 4130 2140 1990 5 3 2 175 93 82 12 Khajuri Gundala 562 2858 1456 1402 361 174 187 3 1 2 13 Khirsara 712 3627 1856 1771 317 156 161 2 2 0 14 Kerala 226 1022 528 494 87 41 46 0 0 0 15 Haripar 159 641 331 310 30 13 17 23 12 11 16 Nava Sadulka 930 4756 2459 2297 673 358 315 0 0 0 17 Ravapar Nadi 236 1072 546 526 108 50 58 1 1 0 18 Mansar 298 1337 677 660 1 1 0 0 0 0 19 Naranka 244 1097 564 533 102 46 56 0 0 0 20 Pipaliya 209 1032 516 516 152 85 67 0 0 0 21 Virparda 201 1009 521 488 14 9 5 0 0 0 22 Hajnali 224 1280 657 623 39 21 18 0 0 0 23 Modpar 314 1506 801 705 174 92 82 5 2 3 24 Lutavadar 302 1480 761 719 151 84 67 0 0 0 25 Barvala 335 1651 857 794 305 164 141 0 0 0 26 Vanaliya 376 1905 986 919 51 29 22 0 0 0 27 Juna Sadulka 238 1100 578 522 0 0 0 8 6 2 28 Laxmi Intala 84 430 213 217 139 64 75 0 0 0 29 Gala 407 1957 1012 945 120 69 51 0 0 0 30 Kerala 226 1022 528 494 87 41 46 0 0 0 31 Sapar 159 791 405 386 19 8 11 0 0 0 32 Jivapar Chakampar 414 1977 1021 956 42 19 23 0 0 0 33 Rangpar 403 2123 1092 1031 159 81 78 0 0 0 34 Belda 72 425 210 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 10481 50589 26041 24548 3749 1920 1829 256 135 121
*As per 2011 census data.
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.5.3 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Fig 3.5.1 Percentage of Population distribution
3.5.2.3 Occupational structure
Work is defined as participation in any economically productive activity with or without compensation, wages or profit. Such participation may be physical and/or mental in nature. Work involves not only actual work but also includes effective supervision and direction of work. It even includes part time help or unpaid work on farm, family enterprise or in any other economic activity. All persons engaged in 'work' as defined above are workers. Persons who are engaged in cultivation or milk production even solely for domestic consumption are also treated as workers. Occupational structure is divided in to 3 categories viz., Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers.
The distribution data for workers and non workers is given in Table 3.5.2 And Fig. 3.5.2.
Main workers: Those workers who had worked for the major part of the reference period (i.e. 6 months or more) are termed as Main Workers. There are 17315 total main workers in this area.
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.5.4 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Marginal workers: Those workers who have not worked for the major point of the reference period (i.e. less than 6 months) are termed as marginal workers. The total marginal workers are 2705.
Non workers: All workers, i.e., those who have been engaged in some economic activity during the last one-year, but are not cultivators or agricultural laborers or in Household Industry, are 'Other-Workers (OW)'. The type of workers that come under this category of 'OW' include all government servants, municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport banking, mining, construction, political or social work, priests, entertainment artists, etc. In effect, all those workers other than cultivators or agricultural laborers or household industry workers are other workers. The total Non workers are 30569.
Table 3.5.2 Occupational Structure
Total Workers Main Workers Marginal Workers Non Workers No. Name T M F T M F T M F T M F 1 Sokhda 231 208 23 223 203 20 8 5 3 643 260 383 2 Bahadurgadh 303 288 15 295 285 10 8 3 5 567 167 400 3 Meghpar Zala 335 318 17 335 318 17 0 0 0 744 248 496 4 Ramnagar 165 125 40 152 114 38 13 11 2 194 68 126 5 Nava Nagdavas 277 251 26 217 204 13 60 47 13 562 186 376 6 Juna Nagdavas 648 483 165 515 435 80 133 48 85 1146 415 731 7 Piludi 139 118 21 95 90 5 44 28 16 352 136 216 8 Vaghpar 574 498 76 520 458 62 54 40 14 1259 399 860 9 Gungan 369 342 27 362 336 26 7 6 1 781 270 511 10 Ravapar Nadi 368 307 61 337 304 33 31 3 28 704 239 465 11 Amarnagar 2322 1349 973 1430 1202 228 892 147 745 1808 791 1017 12 Khajuri Gundala 1534 906 628 1306 895 411 228 11 217 1324 550 774 13 Khirsara 1675 1181 494 1479 1155 324 196 26 170 1952 675 1277 14 Kerala 318 296 22 294 280 14 24 16 8 704 232 472 15 Haripar 311 213 98 238 210 28 73 3 70 330 118 212 16 Nava Sadulka 1640 1439 201 1612 1417 195 28 22 6 3116 1020 2096 17 Ravapar Nadi 368 307 61 337 304 33 31 3 28 704 239 465 18 Mansar 476 405 71 466 400 66 10 5 5 861 272 589 19 Naranka 558 335 223 356 327 29 202 8 194 539 229 310 20 Pipaliya 519 309 210 480 299 181 39 10 29 513 207 306 21 Virparda 359 292 67 262 250 12 97 42 55 650 229 421 22 Hajnali 438 370 68 352 338 14 86 32 54 842 287 555
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23 Modpar 547 456 91 499 450 49 48 6 42 959 345 614 24 Lutavadar 522 462 60 515 459 56 7 3 4 958 299 659 25 Barvala 868 523 345 785 482 303 83 41 42 783 334 449 26 Vanaliya 670 578 92 594 519 75 76 59 17 1235 408 827 27 Juna Sadulka 367 330 37 361 327 34 6 3 3 733 248 485 28 Laxmi Intala 165 130 35 165 130 35 0 0 0 265 83 182 29 Gala 757 592 165 680 527 153 77 65 12 1200 420 780 30 Kerala 318 296 22 294 280 14 24 16 8 704 232 472 31 Sapar 303 224 79 287 211 76 16 13 3 488 181 307 32 Jivapar Chakampar 706 613 93 674 608 66 32 5 27 1271 408 863 33 Rangpar 701 655 46 647 617 30 54 38 16 1422 437 985 34 Belda 169 146 23 151 136 15 18 10 8 256 64 192 Total 20020 15345 4675 17315 14570 2745 2705 775 1930 30569 10696 19873
Fig 3.5.2 Distribution of Workers
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.5.6 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
3.5.2.4 Literacy
A person aged 7 years and above who can both read and write with understanding any language has been taken as literate. It is not necessary for a person to have received any formal education or passed any minimum educational standard for being treated as literate. People who were blind and could read in Braille are treated to be literates. A person, who can only read but cannot write, is treated as illiterate. All children of age 6 years or less, even if going to school and have picked up reading and writing, are treated as illiterates.
The total number of literates and illiterates are 35539 and 15050 respectively (Table 3.5.3 and Fig.3.5.3). Table 3.5.3 Literacy status
Literates Illiterates No. Name Total Male Female Total Male Female 1 Sokhda 511 330 181 363 138 225 2 Bahadurgadh 600 347 253 270 108 162 3 Meghpar Zala 742 424 318 337 142 195 4 Ramnagar 319 172 147 40 21 19 5 Nava Nagdavas 502 303 199 337 134 203 6 Juna Nagdavas 1215 684 531 579 214 365 7 Piludi 305 161 144 186 93 93 8 Vaghpar 1445 769 676 388 128 260 9 Gungan 699 418 281 451 194 257 10 Ravapar Nadi 808 440 368 264 106 158 11 Amarnagar 2635 1485 1150 1495 655 840 12 Khajuri Gundala 1928 1054 874 930 402 528 13 Khirsara 2380 1357 1023 1247 499 748 14 Kerala 722 398 324 300 130 170 15 Haripar 467 274 193 174 57 117 16 Nava Sadulka 3477 1981 1496 1279 478 801 17 Ravapar Nadi 808 440 368 264 106 158 18 Mansar 874 510 364 463 167 296 19 Naranka 857 486 371 240 78 162 20 Pipaliya 858 444 414 174 72 102 21 Virparda 787 434 353 222 87 135 22 Hajnali 716 433 283 564 224 340 23 Modpar 1027 617 410 479 184 295 24 Lutavadar 1161 656 505 319 105 214 25 Barvala 1215 698 517 436 159 277
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.5.7 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
26 Vanaliya 1457 805 652 448 181 267 27 Juna Sadulka 786 436 350 314 142 172 28 Laxmi Intala 320 166 154 110 47 63 29 Gala 1490 847 643 467 165 302 30 Kerala 722 398 324 300 130 170 31 Sapar 472 277 195 319 128 191 32 Jivapar Chakampar 1441 833 608 536 188 348 33 Rangpar 1491 851 640 632 241 391 34 Belda 302 166 136 123 44 79 Total 35539 20094 15445 15050 5947 9103 *As per 2011 census data.
Fig 3.5.3 Literacy levels
3.5.3 Amenities
Education, Medical, Water availability, Post & Telegraph, Communication, Banking facilities and Power supply are considered for the study. Village wise list of amenities are given in Table 3.5.4 (as per 2001 Census).
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.5.8 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Table 3.5.4 Basic Amenities detail for study in 10 km radius (As per census 2001)
Post, Sr. Drinking Power Educational Approach Telegraph Village Medical Communication No. Water Supply Facilities to Village and Telephone DISTRICT : RAJKOT CHW T P H(10+) PO BS 1 Sokhda W EA MR C(10+) MCW(10+) PH RS(10+) TK PHC(10+) CHW T P H(10+) PO BS 2 Bahadurgadh W EO MR C(10+) MCW(10+) PH RS(10+) TK PHC(10+) RMP T P H(10+) PO(10+) BS 3 Meghpar W EA S PR MCW(10+) PH(10+) RS(10+) TK C(10+) PHC(10+) CHW T P H(10+) PH(10) BS 4 Ramnagar EA PR HP C(10+) MCW(10+) PO(10+) RS(5-10) PHC(10+) PHS CHW Nava T P PH(<5) BS 5 EA H(10+) MR Nagdavas W C(10+) PO(<5) RS(10+) MCW(10+) PHC(10+) PHS NH T P(2) RMP Juna PO BS 6 W EA S CHW PR Nagdavas PH RS(10+) TK C(10+) H(10+) MCW(10+) PHC(10+) CHW T P H(10+) PH BS 7 Piludi W EA PR C(10+) MCW(10+) PO(<5) RS(10+)
PHC(5-10) PHS P CHW T PO BS 8 Vaghpar EA S H(10+) PR W PH(3) RS(10+) C(10+) MCW(10+) PHC(5-10) CHW T P H(10+) PO BS 9 Gungan EA PR O C(10+) MCW(10+) PH(<5) RS(10+) PHC(10+)
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.5.9 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
RMP T PHS PR Ravapar P PO BS 10 HP EA H(10+) MR Nadi C(10+) PH RS(10+) W MCW(10+) FP PHC(10+) 11 Amarnagar ------Khajuri 12 ------Gundala H(10+) T P PO(<5) BS 13 Khirsara EA MCW(10+) PR TK C(10+) PH(<5) RS(5-10) PHC(5-10) CHW T P H(10+) PR PO BS 14 Kerala W EA C(10+) MCW(10+) MR PH(8) RS(10+) TK PHC(5-10) CHW T P H(10+) PO BS 15 Haripar W EA PR C(10+) MCW(10+) PH(5) RS(10+) TK PHC(5-10) PHS T P(4) CHW Nava PR PO BS 16 W EA S H(10+) Sadulka MR PH(15) RS(10+) C(10+) MCW(10+) PHC(10+) Ravapar 17 ------Nadi PHS CHW T P PO(<5) BS 18 Mansar EA H(10+) MR O C(10+) PH(<5) RS(10+) MCW(10+) PHC(10+) CHW P T H(10+) MR PO(<5) BS 19 Naranka EA S W MCW(10+) FP PH(10+) RS(5-10) C(10+) PHC(10+) RMP T CHW P PO BS 20 Pipaliya HP EA H(10+) PR C(10+) PH RS W MCW(10+) PHC(10+) TALUKA : MORVI, DISTRICT : RAJKOT CHW T P H(10+) PO BS 21 Virparda W EA PR C(10+) MCW(10+) PH(10+) RS(10+) TK PHC(10+) CHW T P H(10+) PO BS 22 Hajnali W EA PR C(10+) MCW(10+) PH(10+) RS(10+) TK PHC(10+) 23 Modpar T EA P PHS PR PH(18) BS
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.5.10 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
HP S CHW PO(<5) RS(5-10) W C(10+) H(10+) MCW(10+) PHC(5-10) PHS T CHW P PO BS 24 Lutavadar HP EA H(10+) PR C(10+) PH RS(<5) W MCW(10+) PHC(5-10) CHW T P H(10+) PO BS 25 Barvala HP EA S PR MCW(10+) PH(25) RS W C(10+) PHC(<5) T H(10+) W P PR PO BS 26 Vanaliya EA MCW(10+) TK C(5-10) MR PH(10+) RS(10+) PHC(10+) C CHW T P(3) H(10+) PH(9) BS 27 Juna Sadulka W EA PR C(10+) MCW(10+) PO(<5) RS(10+)
PHC(10+) 28 Laxmi Intala ------CWC PHS T FWV W P PO BS 29 Gala EA CHW PR TK C(10+) PH(30) RS(<5) H(10+) O MCW(10+) PHC(5-10) DISTRICT : RAJKOT CWC CHW PR T P PO BS 31 Sapar EA H(10+) MR W C(10+) PH(10+) RS(10+) MCW(10+) FP PHC(<5) CWC PHS FWC T P Jivapar CHW MR PO BS 32 W EA S Chakampar H(10+) FP PH(20) RS(10+) TK C(10+) MCW(5- 10) PHC(5-10) PHS FWC T P(2) CHW PR PO BS 33 Rangpar W EA S H(10+) MR PH(45) RS(10+) TK C(10+) MCW(10+) FP PHC(5- 10))
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.5.11 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
PHS HP FWC W P RMP PO BS 34 Belda EA PR TK C(10+) H(10+) PH(10+) RS(10+) O MCW(10+) PHC(10+) *As per 2001 census data.
ABBREVIATIONS : Drinking Water: T -Tap Water TK -Tank Water TW -Tube Well Water HP -Hand Pump R -River Water O -others W -well water C -Canal L -Lake Educational: P -Primary School C -College M -Middle school H -High School PUC -senior secondary school S - Higher secondary school Medical: H -Allopathic Hospital PHC -Primary Health Center PHS -Primary Health Sub-Center CHW -Community Health Worker MCW -Maternity & Child Welfare FWC -Family welfare center D -Dispensary H -Hospital HD -Homeopathic Dispensary TB -T.B.Clinic Post, Telegraph and Telephone: PO -Post Office PH -Telephone Connection Transportation: BS -Bus RS -Railway Station Approach to Village: PR -Paved Road MR -Mud Road FP -Foot Path Power Supply: EA -Electricity for all purposes
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.5.12 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
3.5.4 Site Specific Studies
The following site specific studies were been conducted in order to study the present Socio- Economic conditions prevailing around the plant site for the establishment of an interactive environment between the residents of the area with the proponent which would be helpful for the proponent for the assessment of the required developments of the area.
This study was done by looking and maintaining a good understanding of that locality as well as their socio-Economic status which can help in the assessment of their Socio- Economic status, Costumes, Requirements for the development etc. For such benefits the following site study has been conducted.
3.5.5 List of Industries
The study area is an industrial base for sectors such as chemicals, Ceramic, PVC industries and Construction industries. The most important sectors of investment and employment are the Chemicals industries. The study area also has small scale industries which generates employment to a large number of people. Engineering, chemical and ceramic are the chief small scale industry sectors present. Nearby industry within 10 km radius area is shown in Table 3.5.5. Table: 3.5.5 Name of nearby industry
Sr. No. Name of nearby industry 1. Darshan PVC Pipe 2. Parth Cotton Jin Mill 3. Pevar Block 4. Rebbeca Laminate 5. Murano Ceramic 6. Rezon LAminates 7. Avni Mineral 8. OM Lamcoat 9. Ceramic Zone
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.5.13 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
3.5.6 Organization and Manpower
In any commercial manufacturing company, it is very important to have a proper organization. This is more so in case the manufacturing involves various processes and different technical disciplines.
M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd. is a proposed plant in Gujarat. Management control and areas of responsibility should be well defined. Hence, for the purpose of this report, the organization required for proposed plant, after commissioning of the new facilities, has been considered. Manpower requirements have been assessed keeping in view the degree of automation & computerization envisaged, minimum paper work, round the clock operations etc.
The total requirement is 20 male employees for the execution of work. The plant is located in a good industrial belt and hence it will not be difficult to get qualified and skilled people
3.5.7 Impacts of the proposed project
The industry provided direct and indirect Employment for many of the local population. It will create employment (20) and helps to improve the social status of the local community.
No Rehabilitation or land acquisition is needed for this industry. This project is not expected to generate any significant public controversy.
Other impacts of the proposed project are:
Any industrial growth will improve economic status of the people either directly or indirectly. Creation of employment generation is an another positive impact anticipated from this plant The development of infrastructure (roads, lighting etc) may not only helpful for transportation but also to improve aesthetic value of the site. The proposed green belt plan also generates some employment (labor for plantation development) and provide hygienic environment. Non- workers will get employment. This intense unemployment fate can be for extent can be reduced.
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.5.14 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
A slight increase in traffic during construction would result as workers arrive and depart the site and as materials and equipment are delivered. This temporary traffic increase would represent only small fluctuations within the normal range.
M/s. T. R. Associates 3.5.15 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
4.0 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Environmental Impact can be defined as any change in environmental conditions which may adverse or beneficial occurred due to an action or set of actions under consideration.
Environmental impact can be assessed by identifying the sources of the impact and predicting the same. The identification of environmental impacts has been made by co-relating the relationship between project activity and environmental parameters. The project activities of the proposed project are usually divided into two phases:
Construction phase - The activities like mining, excavation, erosion, building construction, transportation of construction material etc. are usually consider in the construction phase.
Operation phase - The activities like transportation & storage of raw materials and finished products, manufacturing process, resource consumption, emergency disaster and green belt development has been considered in the operation phase.
The next step is prediction of impacts which is an important component in environmental impact assessment process. Several scientific techniques and methodologies are available to predict impacts of project developmental activities on environment. Such predictions are superimposed over the baseline (proposed project) status of environmental quality to derive the ultimate scenario of environmental conditions. The prediction of impacts helps to prepare the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) required to be executed during the on-going activities for the proposed project to minimize the adverse impacts on environmental quality.
The third important component of the environmental assessment is the evaluation. Based on the identification & prediction of the nature of impact on the environment, the impact can be evaluated qualitatively & quantitatively.
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.1 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
The mathematical models are the best tools to quantitatively describe the cause-effect relationships between sources of pollution and different components of environment. In case, mathematical models are not available or it is not possible to identify/validate a model for a particular situation, predictions could be made through available scientific knowledge and judgments.
The environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts are those, which are attributable directly to the project. Secondary impacts are those, which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investment and changed pattern of social and economic activities by the proposed action.
The impacts have been prepared for the proposed Plant assuming that the pollution continues to remain the same during the operation of the project. The proposed project would create impact on the environment in two distinct phases.
During the construction phase which may be regarded as temporary or short term; and During the operation phase which would have long-term effects.
The construction and operational phase of the proposed Project comprises of various activities each of which may have an impact on some or other environmental parameters. Various impacts during the construction and operation phase on the environmental parameters have been studied to estimate the impact on the environment. The environment impact due to proposed activities will be evaluated considering the following parameters:
Land use Soil Environment Air Environment Water Environment Noise Environment Ecology
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Socio – Economic Environment
4.2 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE
This includes the following activities related to leveling of site, construction and erection of main plant structures and equipment.
4.2.1 Impact on Land use
The total available land for the proposed plant (built-up area) is 839 m2. Rest of the area is used for plant utilities, road, and green belt development. The proposed plant area is more or less flat which require minimum leveling.
The construction under this program would bring certain immediate changes in the land use pattern of the proposed area as well as in the vicinity. Temporary sites will be used for construction works or housing of construction workers.
4.2.2 Impact on Soil Environment
Since, the proposed project will need new premises; there will be construction activities to be carried out. There will also be installation of new machineries & equipments. But all this would not make a huge damage to the present condition of land. Further the area of the plant is flat. Leveling would not be required. Thus, topography will also remain unchanged after execution of the proposal.
Thus, the impact on the soil during the construction will for short terms & insignificant.
4.2.3 Impact on Air Quality
Impact of construction activities on air quality is a cause for concern mainly in the dry months due to settling of dust particles. The main sources of emission during the construction period are the movement of equipment at site and dust emitted during the leveling, grading, earthworks, foundation works and other construction related
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.3 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
activities. The dust emitted during the above mentioned activities depend upon the type of soil being excavated and the ambient humidity levels. The impact is likely to be for short duration and confined locally to the construction site itself. The composition of dust in this kind of operation is, however, mostly inorganic and non-toxic in nature.
Exhaust emissions from vehicles and equipment deployed during the construction phase
also result in marginal increase in the levels of SO2, NOX, SPM, CO and unburnt hydrocarbons. The impact will, however, be marginal, and temporary in nature.
4.2.4 Impact on Water Quality
Since the proposed project is a new project, it requires excess construction activities that lead to adverse impact on the quality of water because large quantities of water will be used for the construction activities. However, it will be used for the construction activities. However, it will be for short period of time and temporary in nature. In addition, no disposal of construction waste outside the plant and no leaching are anticipated. Thus the quality and quantity of ground water will not have any permanent adverse impact.
4.2.5 Impact on Noise Levels
Heavy construction traffic for loading and unloading, fabrication and handling of equipment and materials are likely to cause an increase in the ambient noise levels. The areas affected are those close to the site. At the peak of the construction, marginal increase in noise levels is expected to occur but they are temporary.
4.2.6 Impact on Terrestrial Ecology
Top soil will be lost during the construction of plant that may lead to soil erosion and instability of ecosystem and loss of total biomass.
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.4 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
4.2.7 Impact on Aquatic Ecology
The construction of the plant is not likely to have any impact on aquatic eco-system, as there are no water streams passing through the selected plant site.
4.2.8 Impact on Demography and Socio-economics
During the construction period, there will be increase in floating population. Additional strain on civic amenities like road, transport, communication, drinking water, sanitation and other facilities will take place, to meet the work force requirement. The project will provide temporary employment of skilled and highly skilled manpower. Most of the people will be employees of contractors/sub-contractors.
The non-workers [including marginal workers] in the 10 km radius study area constitute about 67 %. This indicates the availability of sizeable manpower required for the construction activity.
Most of the employees deployed during the construction period will be from local area. During the construction phase there will be increased demand of services. These include hotels, lodges, public transport (including taxis), etc. There will also be ample opportunities for providing these services. In addition to the opportunity of getting employment as construction laborers, the local population would also have employment opportunities in related service activities like petty commercial establishments, small contracts/sub-contracts and supply of construction materials for buildings and ancillary infrastructures etc. Consequently, this may lead to economic upliftment of the area.
The influx of population is very limited. It is anticipated that there will be no social conflicts between the guest and host communities in the initial stages of development. The movement of work force to and from the place of work and the movement of vehicles carrying equipment and construction material is expected to increase the stress on the local transport and road network. However, considering the number of people deployed, the impact on road/traffic is marginal and temporary.
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.5 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Consumer Prices: Usually the local population will be affected by inflationary trend sometime later, when prices of local services and produce, egg, fish, vegetables, milk, etc. start rising. This will happen only when a sizeable staff of the project and other associate companies settle permanently in the area. However any such rise in consumer prices is anticipated because the influx of population due to the project activities is minimal. Transport and Civil Construction: The transport companies would benefit from the construction of the plant. Services: The services like retail shops, banks, and automobile workshops; health care, etc. will expand in and near the plant. Employment: Large-scale influx of material and money tend to increase the employment opportunities. Transport: Transport services on the connecting road will improve further. Traffic: The plant construction phase will also see a moderate increase in traffic. Development of Slums: The contractors have to necessarily provide basic amenities like water supply, sanitation, electricity etc. at the labor camp to maintain hygienic condition and aesthetics.
4.2.9 Public Expectation
Major occupation of the people in this area is industrial occupation. The people in the area welcome the project, anticipating more jobs and more infrastructure facilities to the local people, provided that the industry will not cause any pollution in the nearby environment.
4.3 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE
Both beneficial as well as potential adverse impacts may be expected on environment from any development project due to its various activities associated with the operations. The impacts may be direct or indirect, short or long term and reversible or irreversible. However during the installation of proposed project, the size of the major civil activities is insignificant, the impacts are of temporary. On the basis of the above analysis, the potential significant impacts on the environment from the proposed project are identified as below:
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.6 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Soil Quality Topography Climate; Air Quality; Water Resources; Water Quality; Noise Levels; Traffic; Ecology and Demography and Socio-economics.
4.3.1 Impact on Soil
The generation and disposal of sludge from the treatment units are the likely sources of negative impact on the soil characteristics.
Similarly there may accidental spillage of oil during the transportation of vehicle.
The main hazardous waste are ETP sludge, Resin waste, used oil & discarded plastic bags & source are material handling, storage, plant, machinery & ETP. ETP sludge will be stored in the isolated hazardous waste storage area within premises having leachate collection system & roof cover. ETP sludge generated from ETP will be disposed off to TSDF site. Used oil will be reused within premises as a lubricant/ sold to registered recycler. Resin waste will be disposed off to common incineration facility. Discarded plastic bags will be reused within premises & sold to approved scrap vendor.
The fugitive dust from the plant during operation is likely to be deposited in the nearby areas. However, the proposed dust extraction and suppression measures at the source will significantly reduce this possibility. Further, the proposed greenbelt comprising diversified species not only increases the biomass, soil fertility, and productivity but also helps as pollution sinks. However all precautions will be taken to minimize pollution in terms of aerial spread.
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.7 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
4.3.2 Impact on Topography
The major envisaged topographical changes would be due to the manmade structures like civil structures and including erection of stacks. Nearly 839 sq. mt. of land will be converted for built-up which has negative impact but the impact is not significant. However, it will invite positive impacts by land leveling (not significant leveling is not required) and diversified species green belt with flowing plants will also improve aesthetic look of the area. Regular maintenance (watering, fertilizer, insecticides/ pesticidal application, pruning etc.,), will be carried out for green belt development during operation phase by appointing a gardener for this purpose.
4.3.3 Impact on Climate
The providing vegetation in the study area and the proposed green belt in the plant premises will always have a cooling effect to offset any increase in temperature. The thermal pollution is only confined to small distance and the proposed greenbelt not only nullifies the thermal emissions but also it helps to keep surrounding ambient air cool.
4.3.4 Impact on Air Environment
The proposed project utilities like steam boiler & thermic fluid heater will be required for production process, which may have emission due to the combustion of fuel used in utility operation. D.G. sets are also proposed for emergency power generation to meet the major requirements of power during failure of supply from electricity department. Hence, considering these, it is envisaged that during the operation phase impacts on air would arise due to the fugitive emission mainly from operation of boiler, thermic fluid heater and occasionally from DG set. Hence, the study of impacts for the fugitive & stationary emissions have been conducted to assess the potential impacts as well as to cite the efficiency of planned mitigation measures and to suggested further mitigation requirements.
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.8 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
4.3.4.1 Stationary Emissions
The emission from Steam boiler & Thermic fluid heater will be the only source of SPM as it will be utilising Coal / Lignite / White coal as fuel. The SPM level in final emission from the boiler & Thermic fluid heater will be within statutory norms; as the boiler & Thermic fluid heater will be designed with internal baffles and other similar control aspects, which will trap the SPM in hot air.
It has been noticed that minor quantity of SO2 & NOX will be released in environment. This emission will reduce the impacts to acceptable level if adequate height of stack and internal diameter at top is provided for uniform & proper
velocity of emission. The stack so design will help in efficient dispersion of SO2 to avoid high ground level concentration in ambient air of surrounding area. Hence, it has been planned to provide stack of adequate height from ground level with
internal diameter at top considerable emission of SO2. Similar to the above citation,
impacts of emission of SO2 will be reduced to acceptable level during normal operation with stack of adequate height & internal diameter at top.
Beside of SPM, SO2 & NOX emission will also be expected from Boiler, thermic fluid
heater and DG set. To minimise the level of NOX in emission technology with low
NOX burner will be used wherever available from manufacturer. In addition to this, as mentioned above, adequate stacks are planned for the DG sets, Boiler, which will
be efficient to minimise the impacts of residual NOX in emissions. As it has been
mentioned in earlier paragraphs, considerable emission of SPM, SO2 & NOX is anticipated from the utilities of the proposed project. Hence it has become necessary to further study the impacts of the emission on air quality to evaluate probable change in air quality parameters.
4.3.4.2 INPUT DATA FOR DISPERSION MODEL (AERMOD VIEW – 8.2)
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.9 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
A. Input data of Flue gas stack
The proposed unit will operate steam boiler & thermic fluid heater to generate stream required during manufacturing process. The details of flue gas stack are as follows:
Table 4.1: Flue Gas stacks details
Sr. Stack Height of Fuel APC Expected GPCB No. attached to the stack System Pollutant Limit In meter Steam Boiler
(1 MT) 30 Multi Thermic Fluid Bio coal / PM As per (Common cyclone 1 coal –2.72 SO2 GPCB Heater Stack) Dust MT/D NOx Norms Collector (1,00,000 Kcal/Hr ) As per D. G. Set HSD 35 HC 2 6 -- GPCB 300 KVA L/Hr Norms
Note: D.G. Set will be only used when power failure.
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.10 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Input data:
Stack Identification Boiler & Thermic Fluid Heater Stack Stack Height 30.0 m Vent Diameter 1.0 m Exit stack gas velocity 2.15 m/s Exit gas temperature 160 oC Ambient temperature 27 oC Particulate Matters 5.98 gm/sec Sulfur Dioxide 0.250 gm/sec Nitrogen Oxide 1.26 gm/sec
B. Primary Meteorological Data: Primary meteorological data is used for Aermod View – 8.2. This data is attached as Annexure – A.
4.3.4.3 Prediction and Assessment of Impact:
The Gaussian model is used to predict the centerline ground level concentrations of suspended particulate matter, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the surrounding study area. The prediction is done in relation to the source strength and meteorological conditions for the study period.
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.11 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
The centerline ground level concentrations for Particulate Matter, Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides in the study area for all the stability conditions are calculated for the maximum emission load.
For the calculations, meteorological data like average wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, precipitation, dry bulb temperature, cloud cover, ceiling height, emission rate of SPM, SOx & NOx and stack height & diameter during period October to December 2013 is considered.
Predicted ground level concentrations of SPM, SO2 and NOx are presented in the Figure 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and table 4.2, 4.3 & 4.4.
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.12 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Fig. No. 4.1 Ground level concentration of SPM
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.13 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Fig. No. 4.2 Ground level concentration of SO2
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.14 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Fig. No. 4.3 Ground level concentration of NOx
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.15 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Table 4.2 Predicted 24 hourly short term incremental Concentrations of SPM
Sr. Monitoring Stations Existing Predicted SPM Total SPM No. monitored Concentration Concentrations maximum SPM µg/m3 implementation of concentration the proposed µg/m3 project µg/m3 1 Project site 95.4 2 97.4 2 Dadashrinagar 81.8 4 95.4 3 Shaktinagar 86.5 6.5 93 4 Bharatnagar 88.8 4.0 92.8 5 Gala 88.8 2 90.8 6 Krishna nagar 81.7 0.9 82.6 7 Ravapar 95.5 4.0 99.5
Table 4.3 Predicted 24 hourly short term incremental Concentrations of SO2
Sr. Monitoring Existing Predicted SO2 Total SO2 No. Stations monitored Concentration Concentrations
maximum SO2 µg/m3 implementation of concentration the proposed project µg/m3 µg/m3 1 Project site 13.1 0.45 13.55 2 Dadashrinagar 14.9 0.9 15.8 3 Shaktinagar 13.9 3 16.9 4 Bharatnagar 13.1 1.5 14.6 5 Gala 12.8 0.9 13.7 6 Krishna nagar 14.6 0.45 15.05 7 Ravapar 12.4 0.9 13.3
Table 4.4 Predicted 24 hourly short term incremental Concentrations of NOx
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.16 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Sr. Monitoring Stations Existing Predicted NOx Total NOX No. monitored Concentration Concentrations
maximum NOx µg/m3 implementation of concentration the proposed µg/m3 project µg/m3 1 Project site 23.1 3.5 26.6 2 Dadashrinagar 23.4 8 31.4 3 Shaktinagar 21.7 15 36.7 4 Bharatnagar 21.6 8 29.6 5 Gala 21.4 3.5 24.9 6 Krishna nagar 22.0 3.5 25.5 7 Ravapar 21.1 5.5 26.6
After implementation of the proposed project, these concentrations are found to be well below the permissible NAAQS norms for rural/residential zone and Industrial zone. Therefore, the proposed activity is not likely to have any significant adverse impact on the air environment.
4.3.5 Impact on Water Environment
Water is essential for domestic, agriculture, industry and commercial use. The industrial activity can have direct impact on the end users. Impact on water environment due to the proposed project will be in terms of water use, wastewater generation and its disposal.
The main source of water supply for the industrial operations will be; the own bore wells. The ground water is easily available in the surrounding area. There will be minor negative impact on availability of natural water resources in the study area (Ground and Surface Water).
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.17 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
4.3.6 Impact on Noise Environment
The incremental increase in noise levels due to the operation phase of the Plant has been done. Noise levels are mainly generated from DG set and compressor house. The noise sources have been defined with respect to plant center.
4.3.6.1 Observation
The noise due to operation of the proposed project will not have any bearing on the baseline noise levels due to masking effect.
The operators, workers and other personnel within the plant, however, have to be provided with protective measures such as earplugs at the noise generating units. The noise protective enclosures shall be provided at the noise generating units. The permissible noise exposure for the workers working at the noise sources is listed in the following Table 4.5. Hence measures shall be taken to avoid such exposures.
Table 4.5 Permissible Noise Exposures for Industrial Workers
Exposure Time (in hr/day) Limit in dB (A)
8 90 4 93
2 96
1 99
½ 102
¼ 105
1/8 108
1/16 111
1/32 (2 minutes or loss) 114
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.18 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
1 Exposure to continuous or intermittent noise louder than 115 dB (A) should not be permitted. 2 Exposure to pulse or impact noise should not exceed 140 dB (Peak Acoustic Pressure).
Green belt also acts as barriers for noise dispersion. So in addition to the plant noise control measures, all the open areas within the plant premises and all along the plant boundary will be provided with adequate green belt to diffuse the noise dispersion.
4.3.7 Impact on Ecology
The removal of herbaceous vegetation generally causes loosening of topsoil. It also leads to soil erosion. The biomass will be reduced and leads instabilisation of ecosystem. However, such negative impacts would be reversible in to positive impacts by development of thick green belt and in a course of time that leads sustainable ecosystem.
The impacts on natural vegetation and species diversity will be positive due to the proposed plant. There will be few tree cutting and shrub removal will take place. Wherever possibility is there, the entire tree will be uprooted and planted at different places. The proposed green belt development scheme will enhance the biomass and leads to sustainable development. The avenue plantation along the road side also acts as sinks of vehicular emissions. The green belt will enrich soil organic matter thereby nitrogen. It will help as noise barrier. Green belt control temperature and keep the surroundings cool. It will attract avifauna and create suitable habitat to micro flora and fauna. The green belt will help as a sink to dust and gaseous pollutants. On the whole it has a positive impact on the environment.
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.19 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
4.3.8 Impact on Socio-Economics
The impacts of the proposed plant would begin to be felt with the start-up of the operational activities. The present trend of out migration for people is likely to reduce due to better employment opportunities in the area;
The plant will result in considerable growth of service sector and will also generate new industrial and business opportunities in the area. The ancillary facilities, would act, as an active nucleus for business activities.
The socio-economic impacts discussed in the construction phase of the proposed plant will also be manifested during the operation phase in the following manner.
Increase in consumer prices of indigenous produce and services, land prices, house rent rates and labour prices. Some increase in services catering to the additional population will occur due to the setting up of the plant. Influx of persons with higher spending power and different socio-cultural background will improve the socio-cultural environment of the area. Improvement in transport, communication, health and educational services. Increase in employment due to large flow of financial and material resources through increased business, trade commerce and service sector.
4.4 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
4.4.1 Introduction
Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required for formulation and monitoring of Environmental Protection measures during and after commissioning of project. The plan should indicate the details as to how various measures have been or are proposed to be taken including cost components as may be required. Cost of measures for environmental safe guards should be treated as an integral component of the project cost and environmental aspects should be taken in to account at various stages of the project.
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.20 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
a. Conceptualization : Preliminary environmental Assessment b. Planning : Detailed studies of environmental Impacts and design of safe guards c. Execution : Implementation of Environmental safety measures d. Operation : Monitoring of effectiveness of built in safe guards
The assimilative capacity of the study area is the maximum amount of pollution load that can be discharged in the environment without affecting the designated use and is governed by dilution, dispersion and removal due to natural physico-chemical and biological processes. The Environment Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development in the area of the proposed plant. Hence, it needs to be an all encompass plan for which the proposed industry, Government, Regulating agencies like Pollution Control Board working in the region and more importantly the affected population of the study area need to extend their co-operation and contribution. The identification and quantification of impacts based on scientific and mathematical modeling.
The Management Action Plan aims at controlling pollution at the source level to the possible extent with the best available technology followed by treatment measures before they are discharged.
The recycling and re-use of industrial waste not only reduces the waste generated but can be an economic gain to the industry.
4.5 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) DURING CONSTRUCTION
The impacts during the construction phase on the environment would be basically of transient nature and are expected to reduce gradually on completion of the construction activities.
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.21 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
4.5.1 Site Preparation
Since the project site terrain is almost flat, some minimal leveling is only required. Vegetation on topsoil is removed prior to commencement of bulk earthwork. During dry weather conditions, dust may be generated by activities like excavation and transportation through un-metalled roads. The dust will be suppressed using water sprinkling and may continue after completion of construction, as there is a possibility of heavy truck movement. The industry will make provision for water sprinklers.
The construction under this program would bring certain immediate changes in the land use pattern of the proposed area as well as in the vicinity. There will be permanent change (only in the buildup and storage area) in the land use pattern of the area.
As soon as construction is over the surplus earth will be utilized to fill up low-lying areas, the rubbish will be cleared and all un-built surfaces reinstated. Cutting of trees will be minimized as far as possible. Enough space will be kept for treatment and solid waste disposal.
The maximum topsoil cover thickness at the plant site is about 1-m. The topsoil removed during the leveling will be stacked separately and will be used during the greenbelt development. Herbs and shrubs will be removed prior to commencement of bulk earthwork. Removal of trees will be avoided as far as possible based on the construction plan. Medium trees size trees will be uprooted and planted in the designed green belt.
Greenbelt development program will start simultaneously along with civil constructions.
Proper planning during construction period will minimize the upper soil contamination. So attentions shall be paid with minimum contamination to the soil.
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.22 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
4.5.2 Air Quality
Transportation of vehicles will result in marginal increase in the levels of SO2, NOX, SPM, CO and unburnt hydrocarbons. The impact will, however, be marginal, and temporary in nature. However, proper maintenance of vehicles can minimize emissions. Dust suppression by covering and water sprinkling and maintenance of vehicles will be carried out to keep air quality to the minimum negative impact on the surroundings. All internal roads will be paved with Bitumen or Concrete to avoid dust emissions.
4.5.3 Water Quality
During construction period, in rainy season the water quality is likely to be affected due to the construction work and loosening of topsoil. This is likely to increase the suspended solids in the run-off during heavy precipitation. In order to reduce the impact on water quality, temporary sedimentation tanks will be constructed for the settlement of the suspended matter.
Temporary sanitation facilities (soak pits/septic tanks) will be set up for disposal of sanitary sewage generated by the work force as per the prevailing labor laws. The overall impact on water environment during construction phase due to proposed plant is likely to be short term and insignificant and they will be managed by providing drinking water facility and sanitation facilities at the site during construction phase.
4.5.4 Noise Levels
The noise effect on the nearest inhabitants during the construction activity will be negligible. However on site workers using high noise producing equipment will adopt noise protection devices like earmuffs. Noise prone activities will be avoided to the extent possible during night particularly during a period 9 PM to 6 AM in order to have minimum environmental impact on the neighborhood environment. High noise generating equipment, if used, will not be operated during the night to eliminate any possible discomfort to the nearby residents. Community noise levels are not likely to
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.23 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
be affected because of the vegetation and likely attenuation due to the physical barriers.
Overall, the impact of noise generated on the environment is likely to be insignificant, reversible and localized in nature and mainly confined to the day hours.
4.5.5 Ecological Aspects
During construction period, there could be clearing of herbs and shrubs in order to prepare the site for construction. However, this will be mitigated by proper land scaping and extensive plantation along with the construction of the plant. A comprehensive green belt program will improve the ecological condition of the region.
4.5.6 Storage of Hazardous Materials
The hazardous materials used during the construction may include diesel, welding gas and paints. These materials will be stored and handled according to the guidelines specified under the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling, & Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008 and amendments thereafter (by MoEF/CPCB). Some of the precautions of storage include the following:
Dyked enclosures will be provided which will be able to contain complete contents of the largest tank; Diesel and other fuels will be stored in separate dyke enclosures; Tanks having a diameter of more than 30 m will be separated by fire walls from other storage tanks; and The distance between the storage tanks will be at least half their height.
4.5.7 Site Security
Adequate security arrangement will be made to ensure that the local inhabitants and the stray cattle are not exposed to the potential hazards of construction activities.
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.24 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
4.5.8 Migrant Laborers
Safe and secure camping area will be provided for the migrant laborers during the construction period. Adequate arrangements will be made for water supply, sanitation and cooking fuels. The construction site will be provided with sufficient and suitable toilet facilities for workers to allow proper standards of hygiene. These facilities would be connected to a septic tank and maintained to ensure minimum environmental impact.
Table 4.6 Negative Impacts and Mitigations during Construction Phase
Constructional Impact Discipline Negative Probable Mitigative Measures Remarks Impacts Source Air Dust due to Civil Maintenance of vehicles and The impacts constructional activities Sprinkling of water in the are temporary activities construction area and unpaved roads. Noise Increase in Civil Maintenance of vehicles, If necessary, noise level activities equipment with proper civil workers will be planning will reduce increase in provided noise levels. They will be kept in necessary good condition to keep the noise protective level within 90 dB (A). equipment e.g. ear plug, earmuffs. Water Increase in Loose soil at The land required for the built up The impacts suspended construction is 839 m2. Soil erosion will be are temporary. solids due to site kept minimum. A non-scouring, soil run-off. non-silting storm water drain will be laid from the plant and a rainwater harvesting structure is proposed at a strategic location to arrest the run-off water.
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.25 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Constructional Impact Discipline Negative Probable Mitigative Measures Remarks Impacts Source Terrestrial Clearing of Soil erosion Leveling operations are The impact is Ecology Vegetation and minimum. Sprinkling of water temporary. reduction of and topsoil preservation and biomass Systematic plantation will reduce soil erosion and double the biomass. Socio- Infusion of Temporary Water supply and good sanitary The change is economy labour and houses conditions with hygienic temporary health environment will decrease negative impact.
4.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) DURING OPERATIONAL STAGE
The EMP in the design stage endeavors to mitigate the problems related to health, safety and environment at the process technology selection stage and at the design stage. The proposed laminated sheet plant will be designed taking into account all applicable standards/norms (IS, CPCB, MoEF and CREP guideline) both for regulatory and safety purpose.
Environment management at design stage includes all the steps undertaken at the design stage by the project proponents to meet the statutory requirements and towards minimizing environmental negative impacts. The design basis for all process units will lay special emphasis on measures to minimize pollutant generation and emission control at source.
4.6.1 Soil Quality
The generation and disposal of sludge from the treatment units are the likely sources of negative impact on the soil characteristics.
Similarly there may accidental spillage of oil during the transportation of vehicle.
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.26 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
The negative impacts will be minimum as the solid waste generated in the plant disposed off to the consumers in regular manner. Hence the impact of solid generated in the plant is minimal.
The fugitive dust from the plant during operation is likely to be deposited in the nearby areas. However, the proposed dust extraction and suppression measures at the source will significantly reduce this possibility. Further, the proposed greenbelt comprising diversified species not only increases the biomass, soil fertility, and productivity but also helps as pollution sinks. However all precautions will be taken to minimize pollution in terms of aerial spread.
Construction activities will bring a significant change to the topsoil of the project area due to excavation, stacking of construction material etc. There will not be any significant change in topography due to project.
Some construction activities will disturb the soil profile but that will be temporary and having insignificant impact. Original form of the topsoil will be largely restored and even enhanced due to activities like beautification of premises, development of garden etc.
4.6.2 Air Quality Management
Critical air pollutants from the plant are Particulates and Sulphur dioxide and fugitive emission.
There is total 1 stack used for emission of pollutants.
The following methods of abatement will be employed for the air pollution control.
Proposed Air Pollution Control measures
Exhaust from both technological and ventilation equipment would be treated and thrown to atmosphere at a height according to air pollution control norms. Multi cyclone dust collector & scrubber will be installed to control Particulate matter and methanol. Proper Stack heights have been suitably selected (30 m for steam boiler and
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.27 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
thermic fluid heater) so as to ensure that ground level concentration of pollutants remains within the permissible limits.
4.6.3 Water Management
The wastewater generated from the manufacturing process, boiler & cooling tower will be treated in the effluent treatment plant. It will be finally evaporated in evaporator & reused in process. So industry will maintain ZERO DISCHARGE.
A domestic effluent from the various buildings / sheds of the plant is conveyed through separate drains to septic tanks. The effluent from the septic tank is disposed off through soil percolation by providing dispersion trenches / soak pits.
Water Consumption
The water requirement of the unit will be satisfied through Narmada canal/Bore well. The Industrial water consumption for proposed plant will be 127 KL/ Day (Fresh water: 102.65 KL/D, Reuse water: 24.35 KL/D), which will be used for various industrial purpose. In it, Domestic water consumption for proposed unit will be 1 KL/Day. The unit will develop Green Belt Area within the industrial premises hence the water requirement for gardening purpose will be 15.31 KL/day. So therefore, the total water requirement will be 118.96 KL/ Day.
Waste Water generation
The total Waste water Generation will be 27.65 KL/ Day. In this the domestic waste water will be 0.9 KL/Day and it will go to soak pit through septic tank. Total generated wastewater from manufacturing will be 27.65 KL/day which will be treated in the Effluent Treatment Plant. Treated effluent will be evaporated & reused in process. Thus industry will maintain ZERO DISCHARGE.
The Category wise details of water consumption and wastewater generation are shown in Table 4.7 and in Fig. 4.4
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.28 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Table 4.7 Water consumption and Waste Water Generation details
Water Waste Water No. Source Consumption Generation KL/Day KL/Day 1. Domestic 0.1 0.9 2. Gardening 15.31 Nil 3. Industrial a. Process 64 32 b. Cooling 5 10 c. Steam / Boiler 100 25 127 Industrial Water Consumption/ (Fresh:102.65) 67 Waste Water Generation (Reuse:24.35) Total Water Consumption/ Waste 118.06 67.9 Water Generation
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.29 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Fig. 4.4 Water Balance Diagram
Total 118.96 KL/Day
24.35 KL/Day 102.65 KL/Day Recycled Fresh water
Domestic Gardening Industrial 1 KL/Day 15.31 KL/Day 127 KL/Day
32 KL/D 10 KL/Day
0.1 KL/Day 0.9 KL/Day Resin mfg 5 KL/Day 64 KL/Day 100 KL/Day Drinking Goes to Soak Pit process Cooling DM for Cooling/Boiler Nill (Hexamine) Formaldehyde (Formalin)
2.65 KL/Day 10 KL/Day Rejected Condensed 32 KL/Day 32 KL/Day Blow down water In Rejected 25 KL/Day Formaldehyde Process
ETP 1 ETP 2 2.65 KL/Day 25 KL/Day
1.85 KL/D Reused Multi Effect 22.5 KL/D Evaporator Reused
Note: Industry will maintain Zero discharge.
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.30 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Waste Water Management System Effluent Treatment Plant 1 Process Industrial wastewater generated due to resin manufacturing process and washing process will be collected in Primary Collection tank and neutralized the effluent to make homogeneous mixture.
. The pH of effluent in Mixing Tank is adjusted between 3 to 3.5 by adding H2SO4, followed by FeSO4.7H2O and H2O2 dosage. H2O2 dosage is 1:2 ratio with phenols and FeSO4.7H2O dosage is 1:20 ration of Fe+2 to H2O2.
. The effluent is then transferred to Photo – Fenton Process Vessel for oxidation. The vessel is aided with air compressor pump for adequate aeration requirement, cooling system to maintain temperature range of 30 – 35 oC. Phenol oxidation is accomplished in presence of sun light or UV lamp. For winter and rainy season the process is accomplished in closed vessel with UV lamp.
. The effluent is then transferred to Settling Tank for solid liquid separation. The settled sludge is discharged to sludge drying beds and the filtrate from SDB is transferred to Collection Tank. The supernatant is transferred Evaporation System for final evaporation.
. For evaporation of treated effluent heat will be supplied by steam boiler / Heater.
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Fig. 2.7 Flow Diagram of ETP 1
Table 4.8 Capacity of ETP units
Sr. Name of the units Volume Lit. No. of Unit No. 1 Collection Tank 8000 1 2 Primary Settling Tank 4000 1 3 Oxidation Tank 4000 1 4 Settling Tank 4000 1 5 Evaporator (Rating) 200 L/Hr. 1
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Effluent Treatment Plant 2 Process The Industrial water from boiler & cooling make-up will be collected in Collection Tank. Then this will be passed through double stage R.O(Reverse Osmosis) Process. The reject of the R.O Process will be send to Multi Effect Evaporator.
Collection tank 2 Phased R.O. Multi Effect Evaporator
4.6.4 Noise Level Management
Due to technological reasons, it may not be practicable to entirely eliminate all noise but the noise levels could be brought down to acceptable limits wherever possible. The major equipment of high noise production can be identified as DG set. Various measures include the reduction of noise at source, providing acoustic lagging for the equipment, isolating the noise-producing instrument. Regular maintenance, arresting vibration and oil/greasing shall be done to ensure that the noise limits are well below the limits. They shall ensure that during day (6 AM to 10 PM) and night time (10 PM
to 6 AM) noise Leq values shall be below 75 and 70 dB (A) at the plant boundary as per the CPCB norms.
The specifications for procuring major noise generating machines/equipment will include built in design requirements to have minimum noise levels meeting Occupational Safety & Health Association (OSHA) requirement. Appropriate noise barriers/shields, silencers etc. will be provided in the equipment, wherever feasible.
4.6.5 Solid & Hazardous Waste Management
The hazardous waste such as ETP sludge, used oil, discarded bags, and Resin waste arises from process. It shall be stored on own land earmarked for effective management. The various type of solid waste generated should be stored separately in scientific manner so that it should not adversely affect the air quality, becoming air
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borne by wind or water regime during rainy season by flowing along with the storm water.
The type and quantity of hazardous waste generated and their utilization is given in the following table:
Table 4.9 Hazardous waste generation and their disposal
Sr. Description Category Quantity Mode of Disposal No.
13.98 Collection, storage and Disposal 1 ETP Sludge 34.3 MT/Month at TSDF Site
Collection, storage and used 2 Used Oil 5.1 50 Lit./ Month within premises as a lubricant / sold to registered recycler.
Discarded Plastic 4025 Nos/ Collection, storage & sell to 3 33.3 bags Month. authorized vendor
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4.7 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT
The proposed green belt development plan in and around the plant area is covering 8748 m2 of total land. The tolerant species with diversity will be planted which will help in suppression of fugitive dust, attenuate noise levels and provide aesthetic background. Nearly 1312 plants (one hectare nearly 1500 plants) will be planted for the development of green belt.
Table 4.10 Categorization of the area for project and greenbelt
Sr. Details Area, m2 % No.
1 Built – Up Area 839 3.16
2 Green Belt 8748 33
3 Open/ Road Area 16920 63.82
Total Plot Area 26507 100
In the layout the green belt is planned keeping in view of the following CPCB guidelines
The built-up are of the plant shall not be more than 50% of total area’. In this case the built up is only 3.16 % out of the total area.
The green belt helps to check soil erosion, make the eco-system more sustainable, make the climate more conductive and restore water balance. The main objective of the green belt is to provide a barrier between the plant and the surrounding areas. The green belt helps to capture the fugitive emissions and to attenuate the noise generated in the plant apart from improving the aesthetics of the plant site.
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The green belt development program will go simultaneously in phased manner along with the civil activities. The green belt will be developed in such a way that the industry will not be seen from the outside premises.
The published ‘Guidelines for developing Green belts’ by CPCB (2007) will be taken in to consideration
Procedure for Transplantation of full-grown Trees Method
If trees are not very old they can be transplanted easily. The percentage of survival can be hundred per cent if the work is done properly and during the rainy season. The following steps are involved:
1. The sites where the trees are to be shifted should be selected first. The sites should be free of overhead telephone or power lines. Large pits should be dug at these sites to comfortably accommodate the ‘tree roots’ ball of earth.
2. Distance between pits depends on the variety. In case of short varieties with a small spread, the distance should be 10 ft. for tall varieties with spreads of between 15 ft. and 20 ft. on either side, the distance should not be less than 30 feet.
3. When pits are dug at the selected sites, their sizes would depend on the dimensions/age of the tree. For trees of medium size the pit size will be around 8 feet in diameter and 5 feet deep.
4. Adequate quantity of soil and manure mixture @ 4:1 is necessary for each pit. A little bone metal can also be added. To start with only about 6” soil mixture is to be filled in each pit and watered well to form a puddle before the actual transplantation.
5. Before transplantation, the trees should be ‘extensively pruned’. That is, the foliage should be completely removed and all the branches should be cut off with a pruning saw. No other implement should be used. The cut surfaces should be painted with non-synthetic white paint to anaesthesise these portions. ‘Extensive pruning’ helps in easier ‘replanting balance’ and handling, thereby reducing the shock effect. This
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also aids the plant roots in recovering and adhering to the new soil and reduces transpiration and/or loss of moisture.
6. The trees are now ready for lifting or uprooting. A deep trench of at least 3 feet away from the trunk in the case of trees with a girth of up to 6”. The depth of the trench and its distance from the trunk would therefore vary with the size of the tree. The trench should be dug to gradually coverage towards the base of the tree so that ‘tree roots’ ball of earth can ultimately be detached from the ground.
7. The trees are then to be lifted with the help of a crane of suitable size. Before lifting, a piece of gunny should be would round the trunk, with a few wooden batons secured around the gunny pack on the outside by a steel wire rope. This will facilitate lifting without injuring the bark. Immediately the ‘tree roots’ ball should be sprayed with potassium phosphate solution and then wrapped and tied with a piece of very wet gunny.
8. Before replanting, the soil at the base of the pit should be watered heavily after which the uprooted tree along with the ‘tree roots’ ball should be lowered carefully into the new pit with the help of crane.
9. The empty space in this pit is to be filled with the previously prepared mixture of soil, bone and manure and thoroughly rammed in tightly, so that no air gaps are left inside the soil. Air gaps could result in fungal infection to the roots. Sand can also be added which will fill up the air gaps when watered.
10. The trunk can now be sprayed with Blytox, a copper sulphate compound whose action is anti-fungicidal in nature.
11. The transplanted tree should be watered heavily at the base.
12. Guy ropes, angle iron or bamboos should be used for a few days to secure the tree till the soil hardens around the transplanted tree to hold it erect.
13. Four to five days after transplantation the trunk can be sprayed with potassium nitrate solution for facilitating the initiation of new shoots.
14. If rains are inadequate watering should continue for three months.
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Wind breaker plant species will be (eg. Eucalytus, Casuarina, Polyanlthia etc.) will be planted around the periphery of near boundary walls.
Potted plants and climbers will be used on the roof tops. Money plants like climbers will be used and make them to hang to avoid penetration dust inside the working areas. These climbers will be sprinkled regularly to remove adhered dust particles.
Grass mat along with combination flowering shrubs will be planned along the rest rooms. All the corners inside the rooms of administration building and along the stair case, potted shrubs will be put and change time to time for watering, pruningand fertilizing.
Choosing native plant species which suits to local environmental conditions will be encouraging (percentage survival) and also for sustainable ecosystem development. Plants with flowering will give good aesthetic look. Fast growing species with more calorific value is preferable. Necessary help will be taken from the local DFO in development of green belt. Based on the demand of nutrients by soil the fertilizer input shall be given. These trees will be planted in about different rows with a tree density of 1500 trees/ha. The interspaces will be planted with grasses, bushes and hedges. More number of rows is preferred in NE direction as wind is blowing from SW direction. The treated sewage effluent from the plant will be used for watering the green belt. The recommended plant species for green belt is given below given below: The Greenbelt plan is depicted in Table-4.11.
Table 4.11 Recommended Plant Species for Green Belt Development
SI. Ht. in Colour of the Flowering Botanical Name Common Name No metres flower time 1 Acacia arabica Babool 8.0-10.0 Yellow March-May Aegle marmelos Greenish white March- 2 Bel 8.0-10.0 (V. limiled) fruit plant April Albizia lebbeck Pale-greenish 3 Siris 10.0-15.0 April-May (A.procera) yellow 4 Artocarpus integrifolia Kathal 6.0-8.0 Feb.-March
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5 Anogeissus latifolia Dhaura 10.0-15.0 Greenish Sept.-Jan. 6 Anacardium occidentale Cashew 3.0-4.0 Cream Jan.-Feb. 7 Anthocephalus cadamba Kadam 10.0-15.0 Yellow Oct.-Dec. White- variegated 8 Bauhinia variegata Kanchan 7.0-8.0 with purple & Feb.-April white Indian 9 Cassia fistula Lambumum 9.0-13.0 Yellow March-May Amaltas 10 Cassia nodosa Pink "Mohur" 12.0-14.0 Rose pink April-May Flowers 11 Casuarina equisetifolia Jhau 10.0-15.0 March-May inconspicuous Gold Mohur white-orange 12 Delonix regia 8.0-12.0 April- June Gul Mohur Red 13 Eucalyptus hydrid Blue Gum tree 20.0-25.0 Cream May-June 14 Nyctanthes arbortristic Siuli 2.0-3.0 White Oct.-Nov. 15 Lagerstroemia floreginae Jarul 7.0-10.0 Liliac May-June 16 Mangifera indica Am 7.0-8.0 White Feb.-March 17 Mimusops elengi Bakul 4.0-5.0 White Nov.-Dec. 18 Nerium odorum Karabi 2.0-4.0 Red, white Feb.-March Peltophorum 19 Radhachura 10.0-15.0 Golden-yellow May-Oct. ferruginium March- 20 Pithecellobium dulce Jungle Jalebi 8.0-10.0 White April Indian Amulet Flowers March- 21 Putranjiva roxburghii 8.0-10.0 tree inconspicuous April 22 Polyalthea longifolia Debdaru Foliage March-June
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4.8 RAIN WATER HARVESTING
A. Introduction:-
Rainwater Harvesting is generally putting back rainwater in to the underground formation, where it will be stored in underground reservoirs (Aquifer) so that we can draw it whenever we need it. “NEED” To reduce ground water pollution. To augment the ground water storage and decline of Water Level To improve the quality of ground water. To reduce the soil erosion. To avoid flooding of roods. The harvested rain water can be used for flushing, washing, gardening, irrigation, fire fighting and even consumption with necessary treatment, Rain water is the purest form of water available to us. Components:- Catchment Collection system Filtration unit Storage system
Technology:- 1. Storage in artificial above or underground tanks. 2. Recharging aquifer directly through tube wells with necessary treatment. 3. Recharging aquifer by percolation / Soakage in the ground.
Aquifers best suited for artificial recharge are those that absorb large quantities of water and do not release them too quickly.
Theoretically this means that the vertical hydraulic conductivity is high while the horizontal hydraulic conductivity is moderate. Most of the artificial recharge areas are located in the alluvial plains because of many favorable conditions like availability of infiltration waters and transmissivity of the aquifers.
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Ground Water recharge Rate:-
The technical feasibility and economic viability of artificial recharge of Ground Water has already been established by CGWB (UNDP/CGWB 1986) by siphen method.
Salient features of experiment of state govt. and PRL in 1977:-
1. Recharge rate : 590 LPM 2. Build up in the injection well :- 5.18 m 3. Drawdown in source well :- 0.70m 4. Build up in observation (V=40m) :-1.15m 5. Transmissivity :- 540 m2 /day 6. Permeability : 70 m / Day 7. Injection well efficiency : 56%
No. clogging in injection well was observed after 220 hrs of experiment. This method was found more economical and cost at the time of experiment was found to be 45 paisa per 1000 liters.
Method of Recharge:-
Artificial recharge is achieved by three methods namely by spreading by induced recharge and by injection. The suitability of particular method is based on the hydro geological condition. Our area is composed of deep aquifers with impervious over burden hence injection method is most suitable. Water is fed directly in to the depleted aquifers by providing a conduit access such as tubewell. Recharge by tubewell is the only method for artificial recharge of confined aquifer or deep seated aquifers. The recharge is instantaneous and there are no transit losses and evaporation losses. Artificial recharge is an important aspect of ground water management as it provides storage space free of cost, during dry period. The underground reservoirs can be used for indefinite period, if properly operated.
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Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting (R T R W H )
Introduction:- In arid and semiarid areas rain water forms the only source of domestic water supply. This is an ideal solution to water problem where there is no ground water (Saline ground water) and surface sources are very far. This is ideally suited from the economical point of view. Rain water is bacteriologicaly pure, free from, organic water and soft in nature. To meet drinking water demand during the critical dry period of 90-120 days roof top water harvesting is very useful. Ground water recharge or storage from house of 100 Sq. m of roof top will be 55000 lits in one year, sufficient for a period of four months for a family of five members. In roof top rain water harvesting the rain water is collected from roof of the buildings and stored in water tank or ground water reservoir for beneficial use in future. The size of the catchment area and tank should be enough to supply sufficient water for the users during this period.
B. Volume:-
Volume of tank can be calculated by the following formula.
V= (t x n x a) tat where V= Volume of tank (litters) T= Length of the dry season (days) N= Number of people using the tank A= Consumption per capita per days (litters) ET= Evaporation loss during the dry period
Since evaporation from a closed storage tank is negligible the evaporation loss (et) can be ignored (=Zero)
C. Need for R T R W H :- (Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting)
To meet ever increasing demand for water in urban areas. To reduce the runoff which is chocking the storm drains To avoid the flooding of roads
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To augment the ground water storage and control decline of water levels To reduce the ground water pollution To improve the quality of ground water To reduce the soil erosion Rain water may be harnessed at place of need and may be utilized at time of need The structures required for harvesting the rain water are simple, economical and eco-friendly
D. Essential Components of the system Roof Catchment Gutters for collection of roof water Down pipe to convey rain water from gutter to storage tank “Foul Flush” to divert the contaminated run-off from roof (for initial wash out before taking to storage tank Filter/Mesh Storage tank under ground Water withdrawal arrangement (Hand Pump) Dis-infection arrangement
E. Design Consideration:-
In the design system, the main criteria is the most economical combination of the storage tank volume, systematic analysis of rainfall records and construction costs.
F. Selection of Site:- o Site should be close to the house to reduce the cost of down pipe o Site should have good drainage and should be away from the cattle shed and soak pits etc. for cleanliness and hygiene surrounding the tank o Site should be away from tress to prevent litters falling on the roof and structural disturbance to the tank by roof propagation o Site should be easily accessible for tapping water
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G. Tips for Maintenance of the R R H S:-
Always keep the surroundings of the tank clean and hygienic Remove Algae from the roof tiles and asbestos sheets before the monsoon Drain the tank completely and clean from inside thoroughly before the monsoon Clean the water channels (Gutters) often during rainy season and definitely before the first monsoon rain Avoid first 15 or 20 minutes of rain fall depending on the intensity of rain. Use the first flush arrangement to drain off this first rain water Change the filter media every rainy season In coastal area the tank may be painted outside by corrosion resistant paint once in 3 years and in other areas lime (Calcium Carbonate) based white wash may be applied not only for beauty but also for cleanliness Withdraw water from the system at the rate of 5 lits/head/day. This will ensure availability of water throughout the water scarcity period. Cover all inlet and outlet pipes with closely knife nylon net or fine cloth or cap during non-rainy season to avoid entry of insects, worms and mosquitoes. The substances that go into the making of the roof should be non-toxic in nature
H. Recharge Tube well:-
This technique is applied for recharging the aquifer by constructing borewell by DTH rig in Alluvium and basalt formation as under
Design and Methodology
A borewell of 300 mm diameter shall be drilled by DTH rig to the desired depth depending on geological conditions. In Alluvium and basalt formation the depth should be drilled for 120 to 150 m. in the project area. Weathered zone of borewell shall be cased with perforated pipe A 150mm diameter perforated UPVC/ AC Pressure pipe shall be lowered to the entire depth of borewell. Annular space between 150mm pipe and borewell wall shall be filled with gravel. Top of the 150mm pipe shall be sealed with provision of Air vent.
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A filter pit of suitable dimensions say, 2.5 x 2.5 x 2.5 m. shall be constructed around borewell Quality of water used for recharge should be that, the water is clean and free from silt and any other contamination
a. Recharge tube well Design & Specification :-
Specification of deep tube well
300 mm dia X 150 mts. depth Expected recharge- 10,000 lits/hrs Clay packing 10 m to Ground level Expected cost of Recharge tube well 3 lacs. . Tube well is to be drilled in alluvium cum basalt formation (DTH Bore).
Filter Pit for Recharge Tube well :-
Function:- Main function is to reduce turbidity of raw water to reduce chocking of gravel pack. Keep feeding filtered water to recharge well.
Importance:- To sustain the recharge process. To maintain the recharge rate. The system is gravel less system, maintenance free, Provides effective sustainable recharge rate transparent process etc.
I. Recharge pit around Tube well
Specification Recharge pit size 2.5 x 2.5 x2.5 mts. Depth Recharge unit:- Vee wire screen (ss304) size 150 mm X 300 mm dia length of unit 1.5 mts. Provision for air vent should be done
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150 mm size screen - Slot size 0.5 mm 300 mm size screen – Slot size 0.75 mm Coarse sand packing between two screen space.(1.0 mm size coarse sand) Diagram of recharge pit with borewell is attached. One recharge tubewell of size 300 mm dia x 150 mts depth as per recharge tubewell design is recharging 10,000 lits/hr. Hence one recharge tubewell can recharge 10,000 X 24 X 100 = 24,000 m3 water/year with provision of 500 m3 water capacity of farm pond (20x15x2m size) for continuous availability of water.
J. Recharge Pit in Pond:-
Recharge by recharge pit is the only method for artificial recharge of unconfined aquifer or phreatic aquifers. The recharge is instantaneous and there are no transit losses and evaporation losses. Artificial recharge is an important aspect of ground water management as it provides storage space free of cost, during dry period. The underground reservoirs can be used for indefinite period, if properly operated, and quality of Phreatic aquifer will be improved.
It is a common observation that phreatic aquifers are not always hydraulically in connection with the surface water. For effective recharge of rain water to the shallow aquifer the less permeable horizons have to be penetrated so that the aquifer to be recharged is made directly accessible. Recharge pits are structures which overcome the difficulty of artificial recharge of phreatic aquifer from surface water source i.e. Farm pond. Recharge pits are excavated of variable dimensions that are sufficient by deep to penetrate less permeable strata. In many pits most of the infiltration occurs laterally through that wall of the pit.
The lateral hydraulic conductivity is considerable larger than the vertical, non silty water should be recharged whenever possible so as to minimize silt accumulation and periodic removal costs. Attention to the geometry of recharge pit is important in order to obtain the maximum infiltration rate. The small pits may be either used as small ponds or back/filled by gravel-sand filter material over a thick layer o cobble-boulder in the lower portion of the pit.
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The bottom area of open pit may require periodic cleaning by manual methods as mechanical equipment cannot be deployed. The top sand filter bed of filter packed pit also requires periodical replacement.
Design of Recharge pit in pond Size 3m dia X 3m depth Filter media as under 1m depth coarse sand in top the pit 1m depth gravel in middle of the pit 1m depth boulder in bottom of the pit Expected recharge 7000 lit/hr. hence 16800 m3 water/year (7000x24x100)
K. Well Inventory of Surrounding Villages of the Project Area :-
As per Attached Annexure-I
Catchment Area:-
Catchment area of the Project :- 26507M2
Rainfall (Dependable) :-660 mm i.e. (0.660m.)
A. Built up area :- 839 Sq. mts. B. Green Belt Area/Horticulture Development area (33%) Gardening area :- 8748 m2 C. Road area :- 1850m2 D. Remaining open plot area :- 15070m2
A. Built up area , Suitable for Roof top Rain water Harvesting :- 839m2 Runoff co-efficient for RTH :- 0.7
Net rain water available for Roof Top rain water Harvesting
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= 839 x 0.7 x 0.66 m3 = 387.618 m3
B. Gardening Area (33%) :- 8748 M2 Runoff co-efficient :- 0.5 Net rain water available from Gardening belt area (Gardening Area) = 8748 x 0.5 x 0.66 m3 = 2886.840 m3
C. Road area :- 1850 M2 Runoff co-efficient :- 0.6 Net rain water available from Road area = 1850 x 0.6 x 0.66 m3 = 732.600 m3
D. Remaining open plot area :- 15070 M2 Runoff co-efficient :- 0.2 Net rain water available from Road area = 15070x 0.2 x 0.66m3 = 1989.240 m3
Total Rain water available for recharge from Project = A + B + C +D = 387.618 + 2886.840 +732.600 + 1989.240 m3 water = 5996.298 m3 water available for recharge Say= 6000 m3 water available for recharge (Run off co-efficient is as per CGWB guideline)
L. Runoff Calculation :-
The Project area at Junasadulka, Taluka Morvi , Dist. Morvi is 26507M2. The dependable Rainfall of the project area is 660 mm i.e. 0.660m. Available Rain water for area 26507 m2 is 6000m3 water.
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Total consumption of project area is 1,52,440 lits/day i.e. 55,640 m3 water per year. Hence the total consumption is more than the rain water available for recharge from the project area.
One recharge tubewell of size 300mm dia x 150 mts. depth as per recharge tubewell design is recharging 10,000 lit. per hour. Hence one recharge tubewell can recharge 12,000 m3 water per year with provision of 500 m3 water capacity of farm pond (20 x 15 x 2m size) for continuous availability of water.
In Morvi District average 30 rainy days in a year and due to storage of 500 m3 capacity of Farm pond 100 days in a year can recharge by one recharge tubewell if water is available continuously for recharge.
The consumption of 55,640 m3 water for the project are is to be recharged for reducing environment impact. From the project area 6000m3 water is available for recharge. Hence remaining 49,640 m3 water are to be diverted to farm pond from outside of the project area or 49,640 m3 water can be recharge in the land of owner’s of the project or recharge in Government Pond of Gala village with 3 number of trench cum borewell or recharge pit, can recharge 7000 lit/hr i.e 7000x24x100=16,800 M3 water.
M. Recommendations :-
Looking to the Geohydrology of the area, rainfall intensity, it is proposed to drill one Recharge tubewell or Trench cum Borewell in one farm pond, having capacity of 500 m3 water for maximum recharging of 6000m3 rain water in project area.
Looking to the Geohydrology of the phreatic aquifer, it is proposed to construct 3 numbers of recharge pit or 3 numbers of Trench cum Borewell in pond having capacity of 1000 m3 water outside the project area or village pond area or Farm pond of owner’s land for maximum recharging of 49,640 m3 rain water. Hence it is most economical viable option for recharge activity for recharging total 55,640 m3 water.
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Table 4.12 Negative Impacts and Mitigations during Operational Phase
Operational Impact Disci- Negative Impacts Probable Mitigative Measures Remarks pline Source Water Deterioration of Bore well The water conservation is Minimum water Ground water maximum with the adopted will be used in this quantity technology i.e zero discharge’. adopted Negligible amount of wastewater technology generated and it will be treated and used properly. Air Increase in Dust Stack Multi cyclone dust collector & The resultant air
and SO2 levels in emissions, scrubber will be installed to quality will confirm ambient air. raw control Particulate matter and to the stipulated material methanol. Maximum stack heights standards. The storage will be provided for the proper installation of air and dispersion of pollutants. Motor pollution control transporta able roads in the plant area will be equipment and tion paved to reduce dust emission. emissions will be By using imported coal as fuel the controlled under dust emissions will be minimized. specified norms.
Solid Dust and ash from Coal based Ash will be disposed to brick The solid waste waste air pollution boiler & manufacturers. generated from the control equipment. coal based plant will be send Thermic to authorized fluid heat reprocessor. exchanger Ecolog Impact on plant Emissions Green belt shall be developed in Proper green belt y species from stack such a way that they will act as planning with sinks to pollutant. Pollution diversified species resistant/ tolerant plant species control soil shall be selected to minimize erosion, improve damage to vegetation. The Soil moisture and
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increased biomass and species organic matter and diversity will lead to sustainable leads to development of ecosystem. sustainable ecosystem. Noise Increase in noise Equipmen Equipment will be designed to Increase in levels in the plant t in main conform to noise levels prescribed greenbelt area. plant and by regulatory agencies. Provision development, auxiliaries. of green belt and plantation would proper equipment further help in attenuating noise. maintenance can minimize noise emanation. The employees working in high noise areas would be provided earplugs/ earmuffs as protective device. Socio- More pressure on Increase in No land acquisition or Overall socio- econo existing amenities employme rehabilitation is needed as economic status of my like housing, water nt Additional infrastructure facilities the area is demand etc. employees will be created. Creation of expected to / laborers. employment will improve improve. The economic status of the people project will help to residing within study area. meet the present demand of the product for some extent in the market.
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4.9 MONITORING OF WATER CONSUMPTION
Continuous efforts will be made to reduce the water consumption and thereby to reduce the wastewater generation. Flow meter will be installed for the entire major water inlet and the flow rates will be continuously monitored. Periodic water audits will be conducted to explore the possibilities for minimization of water consumption.
4.10 OTHER INFORMATION
Land
The proposed plant will not alter major the land use pattern except plant erection. Enough parking places will be provided The landscape will improve because of well planed green belt development and bitumen roads
Water
Zero discharge of water
Flora
The proposed green belt will have more diversity and leads to sustainable ecosystem and there is possibility to attract more birds.
Fauna
As the land requirement is only 26507 Sq. Mt., there will not be any significant impact on the fauna. The green belt may attract avifauna.
Air Quality
There will be Multi cyclone dust collector and scrubber provided for reducing stack emissions. The stack heights will be 30 m to provide proper dispersion of pollutants.
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.55 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Noise
Proper acoustic enclosures will be provided at noise generating sources surrounded by green belt
Occupational Health Surveillance
Occupational Health Surveillance shall be undertaken as regular exercise for all the employees especially for those engaged in handling hazardous substances.
Occupational Health Centre (OHC) for medical examination of employees with all the basic facilities will be established within the plant. All the first aid facilities shall be provided.
The medical records of each employee shall be maintained separately. Pre- employment medical examination shall be conducted.
All workers shall be medically tested once in a year and at the end of his term of employment.
Noise levels at the critical areas will be monitored regularly and the workers at high noise generating areas will undergo audiometric tests once in six months.
M/s. T. R. Associates 4.56 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ASPECTS
5.1 Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures
5.1.1 Introduction
The mitigation measures suggested above will be implemented so as to reduce the impact on environment due to the operations of the proposed plant. In order to facilitate easy implementation, mitigation measures are followed in phases as per the priority of implementation. The priority of the implementation schedule is given in the following Table-5.1. Table -5.1 Implementation of Schedule
Recommended Implementation Schedule Time Requirement control measures Immediate Progressive Water pollution Before commissioning of the plant - Noise pollution Along with the commissioning of the plant - Ecosystem-Greenbelt Stage wise implementation - development Note: * indicates implementation of recommendations.
5.1.2 Institutional Arrangements for Pollution Control
5.1.2.1 Organization at Site
The environmental cell at the plant site in co-ordination with the environment division at M/s. Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd., Gujarat will provide necessary services on environmental issues during construction and operation of the project. This group will be performing all the works regarding implementation of environmental management plan and interaction with the environmental regulatory agencies, reviewing draft policy and planning. This department interacts with Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB), MoEF, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and other environment regulatory
M/s. T. R. Associates 5.1 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
agencies.
5.2 Environmental Monitoring
An impact assessment study comprises two main phases:
Assessment of the present situation with regard to environmental problems; and Prediction of the impact of future development and/or alteration in the operation and design of existing installations.
Usually, as in the case of the present study, an impact assessment study is carried out over a short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by natural or by human activities. Therefore, it is essential that regular monitoring program of the environmental parameters are taken into account the changes in the environment. The objective of monitoring is:
1. To verify the results of the impact assessment study in particular with regard to new development; 2. To follow the trend of parameters which have been identified as critical; 3. To check or assess the efficiency of the pollution control measures; 4. To ensure that new parameters, other than those identified in the impact assessment study, do not become critical through the commissioning of new installations; 5. To check assumption made with regard to the development and to detect deviations in order to initiate necessary measures; and 6. To establish a database for future Impact Assessment Studies for new projects.
The attributes, which merit regular monitoring, are specified underneath
a. Air quality both at source and ambient atmosphere; b. Water and wastewater quality; c. Noise levels; d. Ecological preservation and greenbelt development; e. Socio-economic aspects.
M/s. T. R. Associates 5.2 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
The Post Project Monitoring to be carried out at the industry level is discussed below.
5.2.1 Monitoring and Reporting Procedure.
Regular monitoring of important and crucial environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of environment during plant operation. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring program can serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the plant and suitable mitigatory steps could be taken in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as important as that of control of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can only be determined by monitoring. The following routine monitoring program would therefore be implemented.
A comprehensive monitoring program is suggested in Table 5.2. The environmental attributes will be monitored as given below
Table 5.2 Monitoring Schedule for Environmental Parameters
Monitoring Duration of Important Monitoring No Particulars Frequency Sampling Parameters I Air Pollution & Meteorology A Stack Monitoring
SO2, NOx, PM, VOC 1 Stack Once in a month 60 minutes Temperature, velocity B Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, Project site and 3 more 24 hrs 1 Once in a month HydroCarbon, Volatile specified locations continuously Organic Compound C Meteorology Meteorological data to be Hourly data Wind speed and direction, 1 Daily monitored at the for 24 hours temperature, RH& RF
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proposed plant.
II Water and Wastewater Quality A Effluents
Domestic & Sanitary 24 hr pH, salts, COD, BOD, SO4, Cl, 1 Once in a month effluents composite O&G and metals B Ambient Water quality Once in a season except for heavy Parameters specified under 1 Surface Waste metal which will Grab IS:2296 (Class C) and be monitored IS:10500, 1993 annually once. III Ambient Noise Levels
1 On the Plant Boundary 24 hr Any other location Once in 6 continuous -- 2 months with one hr specified by CPCB interval
5.2.2 Methodology for Ambient Air Quality Assessment
5.2.2.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
The Ambient Air quality shall be monitored at project Site and two upward and
downstream locations once every quarter for SPM, PM10, PM2.5, NOx & SO2, and CO levels during the Construction Phase and Operational Phase. The Ambient Noise Levels shall also be monitored once every six months.
The following methodology shall be adopted for monitoring of Ambient Air Quality
M/s. T. R. Associates 5.4 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Table 5.3 Methodology for Ambient Air Quality Assessment
Pollutant Method of analysis
PM10 Particulate Matter 10 Gravimetric, Fine dust sampler
PM2.5 Particulate Matter 2.5 Gravimetric, Fine dust sampler
SO2 Sulfur dioxide Improved West and Geake Method
NOx Nitrous Oxides Jacob & Hochheiser Modified Na- Arsenate CO Carbon Monoxide IS: 5182 Part (10) First revision
The limits for AAQ as per CPCB is given in the following Table 5.4
Table 5.4 National Ambient Air Quality Standards Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) 18th November, 2009 India
Concentration in Ambient Air
Time Ecological Method of Pollutants weighted Industrial Sensitive Area Measurement average Resi. Rural & (Notified By Other areas Central Govt.)
Annual 1. Improved West and 50 g/m3 20 g/m3 Sulphur Average * Geake method Dioxide (SO ) 24 2. Ultraviolet 2 80 g/m3 80 g/m3 hours** fluorescence
1. Jacob & Hochheiser Annual 40 g/m3 30 g/m3 modified (Na - Oxides of Average * Arsenite) Method Nitrogen (NO ) 2 2. Gas Phase 24 hours* 80 g/m3 80 g/m3 Chemiluminescence
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Annual 1. Gravimetric Particulate 60 g/m3 60g/m3 Average * Matter (size 2. TOEM > 10 m) 24 (PM ) 100 g/m3 100 g/m3 3. Beta Attenuation 10 hours**
Particulate Annual 1. Gravimetric 40 g/m3 40 g/m3 Matter Average * 2. TOEM (size > 2.5 24 60 g/m3 60 g/m3 3. Beta Attenuation m) (PM2.5) hours**
8 Hours** 100 g/m3 100 g/m3 UV. Photometric
Ozone (O3) Chemiluminescence 1 Hour ** 180 g/m3 180 g/m3 Chemical Method
Annual AAS /ICP Method 0.5 g/m3 0.5 g/m3 Average * after sampling using EPM 2000 or
Lead (Pb) equivalent filter 24 paper. 1.0 g/m3 1.0 g/m3 hours** ED-XRF Using Teflon Filter
Carbon 8 hours** 2.0 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3 Non dispersive Monoxide infrared spectroscopy 1 hour** 4.0 mg/m3 4.0 mg/m3 (CO) * Annual arithmetic mean of minimum of 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval
** 24 hourly / 8 hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days
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Note: a) National Ambient Air Quality Standard: The levels of air quality with an adequate margin of safety, to protect the public health, vegetation and property. b) Wherever and whenever two consecutive values exceed the limit specified above for the respective category, it would be considered adequate reason to institute regular / continuous monitoring and further investigations. c) The State Government / State Board shall notify the sensitive and other areas in the respective states within a period of six months from the date of Notification of National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
5.2.3 Methodology for Flue Quality Assessment
5.2.3.1 Stack Gas Monitoring
The emissions from the stacks will be continuously monitored for exit concentration of Sulphur dioxide, Oxides of Nitrogen and Particulate Matter. Sampling ports will be provided in the stacks according to CPCB guidelines.
For Monitoring of Flue gas the method for ‘Measurement of Emissions from Stationary sources (IS: 11255) shall be adopted.
5.2.4 Methodology for Water Quality Assessment
The flow rate and quality of all the treated effluents will be monitored regularly to identify any deviations in performance of effluent and sewage treatment plants. If the treated effluent quality does not confirm to the permissible limits then appropriate measures will be taken.
In case of maintenance/ cleaning of the system the settling tanks effluent from circulation system is required to be discharged, it should be treated suitably to conform to the following standards.
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For analysis of water and waste water the methodology specified in ‘Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater’ published by American Public Health Association (APHA) or IS: 3025 method entitled ‘Measurement of water Pollutants’ can be adopted. Ground water samples results were compared with IS: 10500 specification and surface water samples results were compared with Class ‘C’ water quality fit for drinking after conventional treatment as per IS: 2296-1982 tolerance limits.
Effluent discharge
(a) All efforts should be made to reuse and re-circulate the water and to maintain zero effluent discharge. (b) Strom water / garland drain should be provided in the plant.
Some of the guidelines shall be followed for the proposed project for achieving this zero discharge levels are:
Minimizing quantity of effluents through re-use to the maximum extent feasible; Settling tanks blow down tanks and neutralization pits will be cleaned regularly in order to avoid clogging. Sludge will be removed regularly and sufficient time will be given for proper settling of solids; and The treatment units will be operated regularly
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Table 5.5 Tolerance Limits for Drinking Water as per IS – 10500 – 1991 (Clause 3.1)
Permissible Substance Requirem Undesirable Effect Limit in the Methods of or ent Remark No Outside the Absence of Test Characterist (Desirable s Desirable Limit Alternate (Ref to IS) ic Limit) Source Beyond this range the water will affect IS 3025 1. pH Value 6.5 to 8.5 the mucous No relaxation -- (Part II) 1984 membrane &/ or water supply system Beyond this limit taste / appearance are affected, have adverse effect on Iron(as Fe+3) 32 of 3025: 2. 0.3 domestic uses and 1.0 -- mg/l, Max 1964 water supply structures, and promote iron bacteria. Beyond this limit, Chloride ( as taste corrosion and 3025 3. 250 1000 Cl- mg/l, Max palatability are (part 32) 1988 affected Beyond this Dissolved palatability 3025 4. Solids mg/l, 500 decreases and may 2000 -- (Part 16) 1984 Max cause gastro intestinal irritation.
M/s. T. R. Associates 5.9 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Encrustation in Calcium (as water supply 3025 5. Ca+2) mg/l, 75 structure and 200 (Part 40) : --- max adverse effects on 1994 domestic use May be extended Beyond this causes up to 400 Sulphate ( as gastro intestinal 400 3025 provided 6. SO4-2) mg/l, 200 irritation when (see col 7) (part 24) 1986 (as mg) Max magnesium or does not sodium are present exceed 30 Nitrate (as Beyond this 3025 7. NO3-) mg/l, 45 methaemo- 100 -- (part 31) 1986 Max globinemia
Bacteriological Examination
Organism Unit Guideline Value
Fecal Coli-forms Number / 100 ml 0
Total Coli-forms Number / 100 ml 10
M/s. T. R. Associates 5.10 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Table 5.6 Primary Water Quality Criteria for Various uses of Fresh waters as per CPCB for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution (1979)
No Characteristics A* B* C* D* E* Dissolved Oxygen (DO), mg/l, 1 6 5 4 4 - min. Biochemical Oxygen demand 2 (BOD) 2 3 3 - - mg/l , max. Total coli-form organisms**. 3 50 500 5000 - - MPN/100 ml. Max. 6.0- 6.5- 4 pH Value 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.0-8.5 8.5 8.5 Free Ammonia (as N), mg/l. 5 - - - 1.2 - max Electrical conductivity, micro 6 - - - - 22.50 mhos/cm max Sodium absorption ratio, SAR 7 - - - - 26.00 max 8 Boron, mg/l, max. - - - - 2.00
* Use classes ** If the coli-form is found to be more than the prescribed tolerance limits, the criteria for coliforms shall be satisfied, if not more than 20% of samples show more than the tolerance limits specified and not more than 5% of samples show values more than 4 times the tolerance limit. There should be no visible discharge of domestic and industrial wastes into Class ‘A’ waters. In case of class ‘B’ and ‘C’ the discharge shall be so regulated / treated as to ensure maintenance of the stream standards.
M/s. T. R. Associates 5.11 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Table 5.7 General Standards for Discharge of Effluents
Standards
No. Parameter Inland surface Public Land for Marine coastal water Sewers irrigation areas
1. Colour and odour See Note 1 -- See Note 1 See Note 1
a) For process waste water-100
b) For cooling Suspended solids, 2. 100 600 200 water effluent - 10 mg/l, Max. percent above total suspended matter of influent cooling water
a) Floatable solids, Max 3 mm. Particle size of Shall pass 850 3. suspended solids. micron IS Sieve b) Settle able solids Max 850 microns.
Dissolved solids 4. (inorganic), mg/a, 2100 2100 2100 -- max.
5. pH value 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0
Shall not exceed 45 at the 40 in any section 45 at the point of 6. Temperature 0C, Max point of -- of the stream discharge. discharge within 15 meters
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down stream from the effluent outlet.
Oil and grease, mg/l, 7. 10 20 10 20 max
Total residual chlorine, 8. 1.0 -- -- 1.0 mg/l, Max.
Ammonical nitrogen 9. 50 50 -- 50 (as NH4+), mg/l, Max.
Total Kjeldahl nitrogen 10. 100 -- -- 100 (as N), mg/l, Max.
Free Ammonia (as 11. 5.0 -- -- 5.0 NH3), mg/l, Max.
Biochemical oxygen 12. demand (5 days at 20 30 350 100 100 0C)
Chemical Oxygen 13. 250 -- -- 250 demand, mg/l, Max.
Arsenic (as As), mg/l., 14. 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Max.
Mercury (As Hg), mg/l, 15. 0.01 0.04 -- 0.01 Max.
Lead (as Pb), mg/l, 16. 0.1 1.0 -- 1.0 Max.
17. Cadmium (as Cd), 2.0 1.0 -- 2.0
M/s. T. R. Associates 5.13 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
mg/l,
Hexavalent chromium 18. 0.1 2.0 -- 1.0 (as Cr+6) mg/l, Max.
Total chromium (as 19. 2.0 2.0 -- 2.0 Cr), mg/l, Max.
Copper (as Cu), mg/l, 20. 3.0 3.0 -- 3.0 Max.
Zinc (as Zn), mg/l, 21. 5.0 15 -- 15 Max.
Selenium(as Se), mg/l, 22. 0.05 0.05 -- 0.05 Max.
Nickel (as Ni), mg/l, 23. 3.0 3.0 -- 5.0 Max.
Boron (as B), mg/l, 24. 2.0 2.0 2.0 -- Max.
25. Percent sodium, Max. -- 60 60 --
Residual sodium 26. -- -- 5.0 -- Carbonate, mg/l, Max.
Cyanide (as CN-), Mg/l, 27. 0.2 2.0 0.2 0.2 Max.
Chloride (as Cl-), mg/l 28. 1000 1000 600 -- Max.
Fluoride (as F-), mg/l, 29. 2.0 15 -- 15 Max.
M/s. T. R. Associates 5.14 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Dissolved Phosphate 30. 5.0 ------(as P), mg/l, Max.
Sulphate (as SO4-2), 31. 1000 1000 1000 -- mg/l, Max.
Sulphide (as S), mg/l, 32. 2.0 -- -- 5.0 Max.
33. Pesticides Absent Absent Absent Absent
Phenolic compounds
34. (as C6H5OH) mg/l, 1.0 5.0 -- 5.0 Max.
Radioactive materials :
--7 --7 --8 --7 Alpha emitters MC/ml., 10 10 10 10
35. Max.
—6 --6 --7 --6 Beta emitters µc/ml. 10 10 10 10 Max.
Note
1. All efforts should be made to remove colour and unpleased odor as far as practicable.
The Standards mentioned in this notification shall apply to all the effluents discharged, 2. such as industrial mining and mineral processing activities, municipal sewage, etc.
Omitted by Rule 2 of the Environment (Protection) Fourth Amendment Rules, 1992 3. vide Notification G.S.R. 797(E) dated 01.10.1992, Gazette No. 396 dated 01.10.1992.
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6.1 INTRODUCTION
Emergency An emergency is said to have arisen when operations in the plant if we are not able to cope up with a potential hazardous situation i.e. loss of control of an incident cause the plant to go beyond its normal operating conditions, thus creating danger. The normal working within the factory area gets affected when such an emergency evolves chain of events and/ or which may cause injuries, loss of life, substantial damage to property and environment both inside and outside the factory and a disaster is said to have occurred.
Disaster
A Disaster is a catastrophic situation in which suddenly, people are plunged into helplessness and suffering and, as a result, need protection, clothing, shelter, medical & social care and other necessities of life.
The Disaster Management Plan (DMP) is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage operations in this same order of priorities. For effective implementation of DMP, it should be widely circulated and a personnel training is to be provided through rehearsals/drills.
To tackle the consequences of a major emergency inside the plant or immediate vicinity of the plant, a DMP has to be formulated and this planned emergency document is called DMP.
The various steps involves in the process of Disaster Management can be summarized as: Minimize Risk Occurrence (Prevention) Rapid Control (Emergency Response) Effectively Rehabilitate Damaged Areas (Restoration)
Disaster Management Plan is involved by careful scrutiny and interlinking of: Types and causes of disaster Technical know-how
M/s. T. R. Associates 6.1 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Resource availability
6.2 TYPES OF DISASTER
The various type of Disaster that may occur is Due to the fire and Hurricane, cyclone and other natural calumniates.
6.3 IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR HAZARDS
From the preliminary risk assessment study presented in Chapter 7 of this report, some of the possible hazards are Methanol, phenol, melamine and caustic.
6.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE PLAN
The plan is developed to make best possible of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd., The objective of the DMP is to make use of the combined resources of the plant and the outside services to achieve the following: Effective rescue and medical treatment of casualties. Safeguard other people. Minimize damage to property and the environment. Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control. Identify any dead. Provide for the needs of relatives. Provide authoritative information to the news media. Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area. Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into the cause and circumstances of the emergency.
The plan will set into action immediately after a fire occurs inside the plant. However fire hazard will be restricted to fuel tank storage area only and hence to major disaster is envisage.
M/s. T. R. Associates 6.2 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
6.4.1 Basis of Plan (Emergency preparedness plan)
M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd; will prepare an onsite emergency plan. The basic guidelines of the Plan are as given below:
Incidents, accidents and contingency preparedness should be accounted during construction and operation process. This shall be a part of EMS. An environmental emergency plan will essentially provide the following information: Assignment of duties and responsibilities among the authorities, participating agencies, response team, their coordinators and/or those responsible for the pollution incident. Relationship with other emergency plans. A reporting system that ensures rapid notification in the event of a pollution incident. The establishment of a focal point for coordination and directions connected to the implementation of the plan. Response operations shall always cover these four phases: − Discovery and alarm. − Evaluation, notification and plan invocation. − Containment and counter measures. − Cleanup and disposal. Identification of expertise and response resources available for assistance for the implementation of plan. Directions on the necessary emergency provisions applicable to the handling, treatment or disposal of certain pollutants. Link to the local community for assistance, if necessary. Support measures, such as procedures for providing public information, carrying out surveillance, issuing post-incident reports, review and updating of the plan, and periodic exercising of the plan.
6.4.2 Emergency response
Various units within the project facility are always subjected to accidents and incidents of many a kind. Therefore, a survey of potential incidents and accidents has
M/s. T. R. Associates 6.3 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
to be carried out. Based on this, a plan for response to incidents, injuries and emergencies shall be prepared. Response to emergencies shall ensure that: The exposure of workers should be limited as much as possible during the operation. Contaminated areas should be cleaned and, if necessary disinfected. Limited impact on the environment at the extent possible.
Written procedures for different types of emergencies should be prepared and the entire workforce should be trained in emergency response. All relevant emergency response equipment shall also be readily available. With regard to dangerous spills, associated cleanup and firefighting operations should be carried out by specially allocated and trained personnel. General rules that are given below shall be followed during Emergency.
General Rules
1) Follow sense of discipline and do not pain. 2) Do not rush and endanger your personnel safety. 3) Use personnel protective equipment according to the situation. 4) Do not block any passages, which may hinder the movement of emergency vehicles. 5) In case you have to shut down your plant operation, do it in an orderly manner as per standard operating procedures. 6) In situation when you have to leave your work and evacuate to identify places out of operating areas, do it in an orderly manner. 7) Follow instructions of the Safety officer. 8) Understand the Disaster Management Plan well and take interest in practice mock drill.
6.4.3 Post Disaster Analysis and Evaluation
When emergency is over, it is desirable to carry out a detailed analysis of the causes of the accident to evaluate the influence of various factors involved and to propose methods to eliminate them in future. Simultaneously, the adequacy of the disaster preparedness plan will be evaluated and any short comings will be rectified.
M/s. T. R. Associates 6.4 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
6.4.4 General Recommendations
All non-routine work etc. should be carried out under a permit system. Adequate number of caution boards high lighting the hazards of chemicals to be handled, eye bath and emergency showers should be provided at critical location. Adequate number of absorbents should be placed at accessible locations in the tank farm area as well as in the pump house that would enable to contain spills immediately. Adequate color coding and labeling of the pipelines should be provided for easy identification of products proposed to be handled through them. The damage distance due to any failure could be reduced, by reducing the time required to stop the leak, which in turn would reduce the quantity of spillage. The response time could be reduced by installing /maintaining instruments, effective communication system, etc. It is recommended that rubber mats be provided in front of electrical panel of the entire plant with a view to prevent employees from receiving electric shocks. It is suggested that all type of fire extinguishers be placed at appropriate places for easy access in case of emergency.
6.4.5 The availability, organization, and utilization of resources for emergency
The organizational set-up necessary for chain of commands during emergency situation, which may arise in the premises, is given in Fig. 6.1. The system is described in following Subsections
M/s. T. R. Associates 6.5 EIA Preparation for the Proposed Plant for Formaldehyde, Hexamine & Resin Manufacturing of M/s Aatmajyot Chem Pvt. Ltd
Figure – 6.1 on Site Disaster Management Plan
Factory Manager
Safety officer
Skilled person Un-skilled person
Functions and Responsibilities of following persons;
Factory Manager
He shall be the main guiding person for direct emergency operations.
Safety officer
The main responsibility of safety officer is safety management. The Safety management includes the implementation of prevention methods to avoid incident or accident and handling of emergency in case of accident.
Skilled person
He shall be responsible for the operation and maintenance.
Skilled person
He shall be arranging the safety equipment accordingly. He shall follow the instruction of supervisor and officer.
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6.4.5.1 Emergency Response Room (Safety officer room)
The place identified as Emergency Response Center will be considered as the Security Gate Office. The location of the Emergency Response Center may change in future as per convenience. The facilities available at the Emergency Response Center shall include: 1) Internal Telephone 2) External Telephone 3) Manual Fire/Emergency Siren 4) Siren Actuation Switch 5) Important Address and Telephone Numbers 6) Emergency Vehicles 7) Confined Space Entry Procedure 8) List of Antidote/actions to be taken in case of hazardous chemical/materials. 9) Material Safety Data Sheets of chemicals 10) A copy of On-Site Disaster Management Plan All communications after General Shift working hours and on Sundays/ Holidays are to be routed through the Security Gate Office.
6.4.5.2 Fire Fighting Facilities
A. Fire Buckets / Fire Extinguishers
Fire buckets and portable fire extinguishers (2 nos.) will be provided in all the areas depending upon the specific needs of the area. Some spare equipment will also be maintained in the inventory at an identified fire & safety equipment store.
B. Fire Alarm Sirens
It shall be provided to alert all the employees inside the premises about the situation of an emergency.
C. Sand Buckets
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5 nos. of sand buckets will be provided within the industrial premises in case of emergency fire.
D. Oxygen cylinder
1 no. of oxygen cylinder will be provided for emergency.
E. Safety Equipment
All types of personnel protective safety equipment required for handling the emergency are to be arranged in the Wonder Industry site. Some of the protective equipment is as follow:
Canister/Cartridge type masks Dust Masks PVC suits, Aprons Safety showers/ Eye Wash fountains Other personnel protective appliances, like safety glasses, gumboots, helmets, hand gloves, face shields, safety belts, safety ladders, safety torches, blankets.
6.4.5.3 Other Key Arrangements.
All key personnel will wear red helmet for their identification and easy recognition. The responsibilities and duties of key personnel include.
1. Safety
The safety officer/ supervisor will carry out the following:
To provide necessary equipment like fire fighting equipment (FFE) and personal protective equipment (PPE). To accompany factory inspector during investigation of the emergency. To train workers/ supervisors in safety and safe operating procedures. To assist the site main controller, incident controller in preparing a brief report of the incident.
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2. Assembly Points:
The assembly points for gathering non-essentials workers / persons will be fixed and will be clearly marked as per the wind direction.
3. Fire Control Arrangement:
Fire fighting trained personnel will be made available in all the shifts. The responsibilities and duties include:
To fight the fire with available internal fire fighting equipment and to stop leakage of liquid etc. To provide personal protective equipment to the team. To cordon the area and inform incident controller or site main controller about the development of emergency. To train the persons (essential workers) to use personal protective equipment and fire-fighting equipment.
4. Medical Arrangement:
The responsibilities and duties include:
To provide first aid to the affected persons, and, if necessary, send them to hospitals for further treatment. To keep a list of blood groupings ready and update.
5. Transport Evacuation Arrangement:
For transportation of people, company’s vehicles, cars, rickshaws etc. will be utilized.
M/s. T. R. Associates 6.9