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Evaluation of UNDP Contribution to Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment

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Evaluation of UNDP Contribution to Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment EVALUATION OF UNDP CONTRIBUTION GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT EVALUATION OF UNDP CONTRIBUTION TO GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT Independent Evaluation Office United Nations Development Programme EVALUATION OF UNDP CONTRIBUTION TO GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT Independent Evaluation Office, August 2015 United Nations Development Programme EVALUATION OF UNDP’S CONTRIBUTION TO GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT Copyright © UNDP 2015, all rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Printed on recycled paper. The analysis and recommendations of this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Development Programme, its Executive Board or the United Nations Member States. This is an independent publication by the Independent Evaluation Office of UNDP. The cover depicts the total number and proportion in the type of UNDP gender results assessed by the evaluation using the Gender Results Effectiveness Scale (GRES). ● Gender negative results ● Gender blind results ● Gender targeted results ● Gender responsive results ● Gender transformative results For more detailed information on the GRES results, see chapter 5 of the report. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Independent Evaluation Office (IEO) of those who contributed, but would like to express the United Nations Development Programme our particular gratitude to Randi Davis, Raquel (UNDP) would like to thank all those who con- Lagunas and Rose Sarr and to all the gender advi- tributed to this evaluation. The evaluation team, sors, past and present, in the Gender Team. Their led by Chandi Kadirgamar and co-led by Ana willingness to candidly share views and ideas and Rosa Monteiro Soares, counted on the meth- provide feedback with patience and care was of odological guidance and support of Alexandra great value to the evaluation team. In addition, Pittman and on consultancy support in research we would like to particularly thank all the evalu- and data collection and synthesis from Chelsey ation focal points in the regional bureaux and the Wickmark, who was succeeded by Karen Cadon- staff in the country offices who provided advice, don. Thematic contributions were provided by logistical support and administrative assistance. Susan Bazilli (energy and environment), Chris- Without this input, the country visit component tian Bugnion (crisis prevention and recovery), of this evaluation would not have been possible. Minoli de Bresser (poverty and Millennium Development Goals), Charlotte Ørnemark (dem- We wish to also extend our appreciation to IEO’s ocratic governance), and Dana Peebles (institu- Evaluation Advisory Panel members Michael tional change). Contributions were also received Bamberger and Jayati Ghosh, who provided from AlterSpark Corporation and the Statistical advice at key points throughout the process. Cybermetrics Research Group at the University of Wolverhampton (cybermetric analysis) and The quality enhancement and administrative sup- Gabriela Byron (UN-SWAP assessment). Benoit port provided by our colleagues at the IEO was Conti provided research support. critical in the success of the evaluation. Michael Reynolds provided quality assurance and peer The evaluation was carried out with the invaluable reviewed the draft report. Sonam Choetsho, Con- assistance of UNDP colleagues whose insight, cepcion Cole and Antana Locs provided logistical knowledge, advice and comments made this eval- and administrative support. Sasha Jahic managed uation possible. We cannot acknowledge here all the production and publication of the report. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii FOREWORD Gender equality remains an unfulfilled prom- now a shared corporate priority, and UNDP has ise that affects all humanity. The Universal moved well beyond the “islands of success” finding Declaration of Human Rights set out the fun- of the 2006 evaluation. This evaluation also makes damental bases of universal freedoms, equality clear that UNDP is a learning organization that and rights in 1948. During the 1970s and 1980s, seriously absorbed and acted on the findings and discussions in civil society, governments and recommendations of that evaluation. United Nations agencies focused on increasing attention, developing protection mechanisms Notwithstanding the progress in ‘engendering’ and dedicating resources to advance women’s UNDP operations and programmes, the evalua- equity and social justice. These debates on inter- tion has found significant areas that will require national norms and standards led to the adop- concerted attention in the short and medium tion of the Convention on the Elimination of term. Most notable was the need to improve All Forms of Discrimination against Women the quality and effectiveness of gender results: in 1979. It established a critical reference point the evaluation finds that UNDP succeeded underscoring the importance of gender equal- only partially in meeting the objective of the ity in development, with an explicit focus on Gender Equality Strategy that called for the reducing discrimination against women. It was UNDP development contribution to be ‘gender followed by the Beijing Platform of Action in responsive’. 1995, which enshrined ‘gender mainstreaming’ UNDP will therefore need to devote attention and as a central tenet of all development activity. But significant resources if it is to make the attainment disappointingly, more than three decades later, of deeper gender results a central objective of its gender equality remains an elusive goal. next strategic plan and beyond. In this connection, UNDP has been in the forefront of responding the evaluation used two measurement instruments to these developments since the 1970s. The first to assess the effectiveness and quality of develop- evaluation of UNDP’s efforts, in 2006, concluded ment results: the Gender Results Effectiveness that UNDP had put in place policies and strat- Scale and the Gender@Work framework. It is egies to mainstream gender and that there were hoped that these instruments will prove useful some “islands of success”. However, it found that to UNDP in deepening future assessments of its the organization lacked a systemic approach to contributions to gender results. gender mainstreaming. Most crucially, UNDP lacked leadership as well as commitment at the Another area that will require attention is the highest levels and capacity at all levels. application of a firm corporate policy to ensure that gender analysis is mandatory in all pro- This report, the second evaluation of UNDP’s gramming. Furthermore, UNDP will need to contribution to gender equality and women’s devote much more concerted attention to defin- empowerment, picks up the thread from 2008 ing its thought leadership and strategic contribu- and traces the implementation of UNDP’s first tion in the area of gender. It should also explore Gender Equality Strategy, which concluded in new frontiers for engaging in gender issues that 2013. Overall, the evaluation concludes that there go beyond women’s issues. Attaining gender has been notable change and improvement in the parity at the critical middle levels of UNDP UNDP approach to and implementation of poli- management is another area that will require cies to address gender. Gender mainstreaming is vigilance. UNDP must also adopt a more active FOREWORD v policy to address the organizational culture issues Strategic Plan as the first step in preparing the highlighted in the annual staff surveys. All of next one. This evaluation is part of an ongoing these will be crucial steps in achieving true gen- process of periodic assessments. der equality. UNDP is well positioned to take on these chal- lenges. I hope the conclusions and recommenda- tions of this evaluation provide useful pointers, Indran A. Naidoo particularly as the organization readies itself to Director undertake the midterm review of the current Independent Evaluation Office of UNDP vi FOREWORD TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms ix Executive Summary xi Gender Equality Timeline: A Snapshot of Key Developments in the International Arena and UNDP xxviii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Objectives and Scope of the Evaluation 1 1.3 Approach and Methodology 3 1.4 Data Collection and Analysis 3 1.5 Evaluation Management, Process and Limitations 7 1.6 Structure of the Report 8 Chapter 2 Gender and Gender Mainstreaming in International Development 9 2.1 The Global State of Gender Inequality 10 2.2 Normative Underpinnings and Evolution of the Approach to Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment 13 2.3 Gender, the MDGs and Beyond 16 Chapter 3 Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in UNDP 19 3.1 The Gender Equality Strategy 21 Chapter 4 Assessment of Institutional Change Results in UNDP 27 4.1 Planning and Resources 27 4.2 Innovations to Promote Gender Mainstreaming 31 4.3 Mechanisms for Tracking Gender Investments and Reporting on Results 34 4.4 Gender Parity and Organizational Culture 35 4.5 Accountability and Oversight 40 4.6 Knowledge Management and Communication 41 4.7 UN System Collaboration on Gender 42 Chapter 5 Assessment of UNDP’s Contribution to Gender Equity and Women’s Empowerment Development Results 45 5.1 Overview Assessment of UNDP’s Contribution to Gender Results 47 5.2 Gender Results in the Four Focus Areas 53 Chapter 6 Conclusions and Recommendations 75 6.1 Conclusions 75 6.2 Recommendations 79 TABLE OF CONTENTS vii Annexes 83 Annex 1. Terms of Reference 83 Annex 2. People Consulted 91 Annex 3. Documents Consulted 103 Annex 4. Country Visit Selection and Process 111
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