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Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: the Hope, the Hype, the Promise, the Peril
Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: The Hope, the Hype, the Promise, the Peril Michael Matheny, Sonoo Thadaney Israni, Mahnoor Ahmed, and Danielle Whicher, Editors WASHINGTON, DC NAM.EDU PREPUBLICATION COPY - Uncorrected Proofs NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE • 500 Fifth Street, NW • WASHINGTON, DC 20001 NOTICE: This publication has undergone peer review according to procedures established by the National Academy of Medicine (NAM). Publication by the NAM worthy of public attention, but does not constitute endorsement of conclusions and recommendationssignifies that it is the by productthe NAM. of The a carefully views presented considered in processthis publication and is a contributionare those of individual contributors and do not represent formal consensus positions of the authors’ organizations; the NAM; or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data to Come Copyright 2019 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Suggested citation: Matheny, M., S. Thadaney Israni, M. Ahmed, and D. Whicher, Editors. 2019. Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: The Hope, the Hype, the Promise, the Peril. NAM Special Publication. Washington, DC: National Academy of Medicine. PREPUBLICATION COPY - Uncorrected Proofs “Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Willing is not enough; we must do.” --GOETHE PREPUBLICATION COPY - Uncorrected Proofs ABOUT THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE The National Academy of Medicine is one of three Academies constituting the Nation- al Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (the National Academies). The Na- tional Academies provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. -
Medical School
Medical School Texas A&M Professional School Advising can advise you realistically on whether you are a competitive applicant for admission to medical school, however only you can decide if medical school is truly what you want to do. One way to explore your interest is to gain exposure by volunteering and shadowing in the different healthcare professions we advise for. You can also observe or shadow a physician and talk to professionals in the different fields of healthcare. Another way is to read information about professional schools and medicine as a career and to join one of the campus pre-health organizations. What type of major looks best? Many applicants believe that medical schools want science majors or that certain programs prefer liberal arts majors. In actuality medical schools have no preference in what major you choose as long as you do well and complete the pre-requisite requirements. Texas A&M does not have a pre-medical academic track which is why we suggest that you choose a major that leads to what you would select as an alternative career. The reason for this line of logic is that you generally do better in a major you are truly passionate and interested in and in return is another great way to determine whether medicine is the right choice. Plus an alternative career provides good insurance if you should happen to change direction or postpone entry. Texas A&M University offers extensive and exciting majors to choose from in eleven diverse colleges. If your chosen major does not include the prerequisite courses in its curriculum, you must complete the required courses mentioned below either as science credit hours or elective credit hours. -
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care, Updated 2010
RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN HEALTH CARE, UPDATED 2010 American College of Physicians A Position Paper 2010 Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care A Summary of a Position Paper Approved by the ACP Board of Regents, April 2010 What Are the Sources of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care? The Institute of Medicine defines disparities as “racial or ethnic differences in the quality of health care that are not due to access-related factors or clinical needs, preferences, and appropriateness of intervention.” Racial and ethnic minorities tend to receive poorer quality care compared with nonminorities, even when access-related factors, such as insurance status and income, are controlled. The sources of racial and ethnic health care disparities include differences in geography, lack of access to adequate health coverage, communication difficulties between patient and provider, cultural barriers, provider stereotyping, and lack of access to providers. In addition, disparities in the health care system contribute to the overall disparities in health status that affect racial and ethnic minorities. Why is it Important to Correct These Disparities? The problem of racial and ethnic health care disparities is highlighted in various statistics: • Minorities have less access to health care than whites. The level of uninsurance for Hispanics is 34% compared with 13% among whites. • Native Americans and Native Alaskans more often lack prenatal care in the first trimester. • Nationally, minority women are more likely to avoid a doctor’s visit due to cost. • Racial and ethnic minority Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with dementia are 30% less likely than whites to use antidementia medications. -
Geriatric Medicine and Why We Need Geriatricians! by Juergen H
Geriatric Medicine and why we need Geriatricians! by Juergen H. A. Bludau, MD hat is geriatric medicine? Why is there a need for 1. Heterogeneity: As people age, they become more Wthis specialty? How does it differ from general heterogeneous, meaning that they become more and more internal medicine? What do geriatricians do differently when different, sometimes strikingly so, with respect to their they evaluate and treat an older adult? These are common health and medical needs. Imagine for a moment a group questions among patients and physicians alike. Many of 10 men and women, all 40 years old. It is probably safe internists and family practitioners argue, not unjustifiably, to say that most, if not all, have no chronic diseases, do not that they have experience in treating and caring for older see their physicians on a regular basis, and take no long- patients, especially since older adults make up almost half of term prescription medications. From a medical point of all doctors visits. So do we really need another type of view, this means that they are all very similar. Compare this physician to care for older adults? It is true that geriatricians to a group of 10 patients who are 80 years old. Most likely, may not necessarily treat older patients differently per se. But you will find an amazingly fit and active gentleman who there is a very large and important difference in that the focus may not be taking any prescription medications. On the of the treatment is different. In order to appreciate how other end of the spectrum, you may find a frail, memory- significant this is, we need to look at what makes an older impaired, and wheelchair-bound woman who lives in a adult different from a younger patient. -
Sports Medicine Examination Outline
Sports Medicine Examination Content I. ROLE OF THE TEAM PHYSICIAN 1% A. Ethics B. Medical-Legal 1. Physician responsibility 2. Physician liability 3. Preparticipation clearance 4. Return to play 5. Waiver of liability C. Administrative Responsibilities II. BASIC SCIENCE OF SPORTS 16% A. Exercise Physiology 1. Training Response/Physical Conditioning a.Aerobic b. Anaerobic c. Resistance d. Flexibility 2. Environmental a. Heat b.Cold c. Altitude d.Recreational diving (scuba) 3. Muscle a. Contraction b. Lactate kinetics c. Delayed onset muscle soreness d. Fiber types 4. Neuroendocrine 5. Respiratory 6. Circulatory 7. Special populations a. Children b. Elderly c. Athletes with chronic disease d. Disabled athletes B. Anatomy 1. Head/Neck a.Bone b. Soft tissue c. Innervation d. Vascular 2. Chest/Abdomen a.Bone b. Soft tissue c. Innervation d. Vascular 3. Back a.Bone b. Soft tissue c. Innervation 1 d. Vascular 4. Shoulder/Upper arm a. Bone b. Soft tissue c. Innervation d. Vascular 5. Elbow/Forearm a. Bone b. Soft tissue c. Innervation d. Vascular 6. Hand/Wrist a. Bone b. Soft tissue c. Innervation d. Vascular 7. Hip/Pelvis/Thigh a. Bone b. Soft tissue c. Innervation d. Vascular 8. Knee a. Bone b. Soft tissue c. Innervation d. Vascular 9. Lower Leg/Foot/Ankle a. Bone b. Soft tissue c. Innervation d. Vascular 10. Immature Skeleton a. Physes b. Apophyses C. Biomechanics 1. Throwing/Overhead activities 2. Swimming 3. Gait/Running 4. Cycling 5. Jumping activities 6. Joint kinematics D. Pharmacology 1. Therapeutic Drugs a. Analgesics b. Antibiotics c. Antidiabetic agents d. Antihypertensives e. -
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 1
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 1 and hepatic pathology. The rotation consists of daily interpretation of Pathology and subspecialty biopsies, participation in subspecialty conferences, slide set study, and assigned readings. Students participate in their own Laboratory Medicine learning by setting their rotation objectives with faculty at the start of their elective and following through with a schedule of clinical, laboratory and core lecture conferences. Students will need to obtain the appropriate Pathologists play many roles in medicine, from interpreting surgical staff members' permission for the rotation as follows: dermatopathology biopsies to supervising clinical laboratory testing. It has been estimated (Garth Fraga); neuropathology (Kathy Newell); renal pathology (Timothy that 70% of all medical decisions are based on data generated by Fields); breast pathology (Fang Fan); hepatic pathology (Maura O'Neil). pathology departments. The department of Pathology and Laboratory Prerequisite: Completion of the core clinical clerkships and permission of Medicine at KUMC plays an integral role in the core curriculum and also the faculty. LEC. offers elective courses to medical students interested in learning more about laboratory practice. Students in elective rotations participate in daily teaching conferences and specimen “sign-out” at the University of Kansas Hospital. They receive hands-on exposure to pathology technical methodology in the surgical pathology suite, cytopathology and hematopathology. PAON 920. Molecular Medicine: Approaches & Ethics. 2 Hours. Molecular Medicine: Approaches Ethics is a two semester course for first year MD-PhD students taught by the Director of the MD- PhD Program, with other faculty from the basic science and clinical departments. Through lectures, small group discussion, online modules, evaluation of primary literature, and presentations/discussions with current KUMC faculty, students will be introduced to the process of scientific investigation. -
DUKE UNIVERSITY School of Medicine Pathologists' Assistant
DUKE UNIVERSITY School of Medicine Pathologists’ Assistant Program Department of Pathology Academic Programs The Department of Pathology at Duke University offers a wide array of training programs to fit individual requirements and goals. The Residency Training program is an ACGME approved program and is available as an Anatomic Pathology/Clinical Pathology combined program, a shorter Anatomic Pathology only program, or an Anatomic Pathology/Neuropathology program. Subspecialty fellowships in Cytopathology, Dermatopathology, Hematopathology, Medical Microbiology, and Neuropathology are also ACGME approved. These programs provide the highest quality of graduate medical education by drawing on the depth and breadth of faculty expertise in the Department in all aspects of anatomic and clinical pathology and the availability of a wide variety of often complex clinical cases seen at Duke University Health System. For medical students interested in a career in Pathology pre-doctoral fellowships, internships and externships are available. Research Training in Experimental pathology can be obtained through Pre- and postdoctoral fellowships of one to five years. All pre-doctoral fellows are candidates for the Ph.D. degree in pathology. The Ph.D. is optional in postdoctoral programs, which provide didactic and research training in various aspects of modern experimental pathology. A two year NAACLS accredited Pathologists’ Assistant Program leads to a Master of Health Science degree, certifies graduates to sit for the ASCP Board of Certification examination, and leads to exciting career opportunities in a variety of anatomic pathology laboratory settings. Pathologists’ assistants are analogous to physician assistants, but with highly specialized training in autopsy and surgical pathology. This profession was pioneered in the Duke Department of Pathology 50 years ago, and is one of only twelve such programs in existence today. -
Different Perspectives for Assigning Weights to Determinants of Health
COUNTY HEALTH RANKINGS WORKING PAPER DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES FOR ASSIGNING WEIGHTS TO DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH Bridget C. Booske Jessica K. Athens David A. Kindig Hyojun Park Patrick L. Remington FEBRUARY 2010 Table of Contents Summary .............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Historical Perspective ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Review of the Literature ................................................................................................................................... 4 Weighting Schemes Used by Other Rankings ............................................................................................... 5 Analytic Approach ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Pragmatic Approach .......................................................................................................................................... 8 References ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 Appendix 1: Weighting in Other Rankings .................................................................................................. 11 Appendix 2: Analysis of 2010 County Health Rankings Dataset ............................................................ -
Safe Schools: a Best Practices Guide PREFACE Public Education Is Being Scrutinized Today
COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES PLANNERS INTERNATIONAL SAFE SCHOOLS A BEST PRACTICES GUIDE Safe Schools: A Best Practices Guide PREFACE Public education is being scrutinized today. Safety for schoolchildren has the nation’s attention. Every aspect of educational safety and security is under review and school districts are contemplating best practices to employ to safeguard both students and staff. As leaders in creating safety in the built environment, CEFPI orchestrated a security summit in Washington, D.C. to explore just this topic. This document is a result of the collaborative effort of the many professionals who participated in this work. Its aim is to empower stakehold- ers with a guide to best practices used by many practitioners. Its primary scope addresses educators and school boards charged with safeguarding students and staff…but it is also useful to parent groups, security officials, elected officials, and other such publics given to this task. Council of Educational Facilities Planners International | Spring 2013 Safe Schools: A Best Practices Guide TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................1 PLANNING GUIDE .........................................................................................................................2 REPORT ................................................................................................................................................5 APPENDIX ........................................................................................................................................12 -
AP Statistics Quiz a – Chapter 26 – Key 1. a Biology Professor Reports
AP Statistics Quiz A – Chapter 26 – Key 1. A biology professor reports that historically grades in her introductory biology course have been distributed as follows: 15% A’s, 30% B’s, 40% C’s, 10% D’s, and 5% F’s. Grades in her most recent course were distributed as follows: Grade A B C D F Frequency 89 121 78 25 12 a. Test an appropriate hypothesis to decide if the professor’s most recent grade distribution matches the historical distribution. Give statistical evidence to support your conclusion. We want to know if the most recent grade distribution matches the historical grade distribution. H : The most recent grade distribution matches the historical grade distribution. 0 H : The most recent grade distribution differs from the historical grade distribution. A Conditions: *Counted data: We have the counts of the number of students who earned each grade. *Randomization: We have a convenience sample of students, but no reason to suspect bias. *Expected cell frequency: There are a total of 325 students. The smallest percentage of expected grades are F’s, and we expect 325(0.05) = 16.25. Since the smallest expected count exceeds 5, all expected counts will exceed 5, so the condition is satisfied. Under these conditions, the sampling distribution of the test statistic is F 2 with 5 – 1 = 4 degrees of freedom, and we will perform a chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Grade A B C D F Observed Frequency 89 121 78 25 12 Expected Frequency 48.75 97.5 130 32.5 16.25 χ2 component 33.232 5.6641 20.8 1.7308 1.1115 2 2 Obs Exp F ¦ Exp 2 2 2 2 2 89 48.75 121 97.5 78 130 25 32.5 12 16.25 48.75 97.5 130 32.5 16.25 62.538 The P-value is the area in the upper tail of the F 2 model with 4 degrees of freedom above the computed F 2 value. -
A Crisis in Health Care: a Call to Action on Physician Burnout
A CRISIS IN HEALTH CARE: A CALL TO ACTION ON PHYSICIAN BURNOUT Partnership with the Massachusetts Medical Society, Massachusetts Health and Hospital Association, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Harvard Global Health Institute A Crisis in Health Care: A Call to Action on Physician Burnout Authors About the Massachusetts Medical Society Ashish K. Jha, MD, MPH The Massachusetts Medical Society (MMS) is the state- Director, Harvard Global Health Institute wide professional association for physicians and medical stu- Senior Associate Dean for Research Translation and dents, supporting 25,000 members. The MMS is dedicated Global Strategy to educating and advocating for the physicians and patients K.T. Li Professor, Dept. of Health Policy and Management, of Massachusetts both locally and nationally. As a voice of Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health leadership in health care, the MMS provides physician and Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School patient perspectives to influence health-related legislation Andrew R. Iliff, MA, JD at both state and federal levels, works in support of public Lead Writer and Program Manager, Harvard Global health, provides expert advice on physician practice manage- Health Institute ment, and addresses issues of physician well-being. Alain A. Chaoui, MD, FAAFP About the Massachusetts Health and President, Massachusetts Medical Society Hospital Association Steven Defossez, MD, EMHL The Massachusetts Health and Hospital Association Vice President, Clinical Integration, Massachusetts Health (MHA) was founded in 1936, and its members include and Hospital Association 71 licensed member hospitals, many of which are organized Maryanne C. Bombaugh, MD, MSc, MBA within 29 member health systems, as well as interested indi- President-Elect, Massachusetts Medical Society viduals and other healthcare stakeholders. -
Ic/Record Industry July 12, 1975 $1.50 Albums Jefferson Starship
DEDICATED TO THE NEEDS IC/RECORD INDUSTRY JULY 12, 1975 $1.50 SINGLES SLEEPERS ALBUMS ZZ TOP, "TUSH" (prod. by Bill Ham) (Hamstein, BEVERLY BREMERS, "WHAT I DID FOR LOVE" JEFFERSON STARSHIP, "RED OCTOPUS." BMI). That little of band from (prod. by Charlie Calello/Mickey Balin's back and all involved are at JEFFERSON Texas had a considerable top 40 Eichner( (Wren, BMI/American Com- their best; this album is remarkable, 40-1/10 STARSHIP showdown with "La Grange" from pass, ASCAP). First female treat- and will inevitably find itself in a their "Tres Hombres" album. The ment of the super ballad from the charttopping slot. Prepare to be en- long-awaited follow-up from the score of the most heralded musical veloped in the love theme: the Bolin - mammoth "Fandango" set comes in of the season, "A Chorus Line." authored "Miracles" is wrapped in a tight little hard rock package, lust Lady who scored with "Don't Say lyrical and melodic grace; "Play on waiting to be let loose to boogie, You Don't Remember" doin' every- Love" and "Tumblin" hit hard on all boogie, boogie! London 5N 220. thing right! Columbia 3 10180. levels. Grunt BFL1 0999 (RCA) (6.98). RED OCTOPUS TAVARES, "IT ONLY TAKES A MINUTE" (prod. CARL ORFF/INSTRUMENTAL ENSEMBLE, ERIC BURDON BAND, "STOP." That by Dennis Lambert & Brian Potter/ "STREET SONG" (prod. by Harmonia Burdon-branded electrified energy satu- OHaven Prod.) (ABC Dunhill/One of a Mundi) (no pub. info). Few classical rates the grooves with the intense Kind, BMI). Most consistent r&b hit - singles are released and fewer still headiness that has become his trade- makers at the Tower advance their prove themselves.