The Hooded Seal
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Monk Seals in Post-Classical History
Monk Seals in Post-Classical History The role of the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) in European history and culture, from the fall of Rome to the 20th century William M. Johnson Mededelingen No. 39 2004 NEDERLANDSCHE COMMISSIE VOOR INTERNATIONALE NATUURBESCHERMING Mededelingen No. 39 i NEDERLANDSCHE COMMISSIE VOOR INTERNATIONALE NATUURBESCHERMING Netherlands Commission for International Nature Protection Secretariaat: Dr. H.P. Nooteboom National Herbarium of the Netherlands Rijksuniversiteit Leiden Einsteinweg 2 Postbus 9514, 2300 RA Leiden Mededelingen No. 39, 2004 Editor: Dr. H.P. Nooteboom PDF edition 2008: Matthias Schnellmann Copyright © 2004 by William M. Johnson ii MONK SEALS IN POST-CLASSICAL HISTORY The role of the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) in European history and culture, from the fall of Rome to the 20th century by William M. Johnson Editor, The Monachus Guardian www.monachus-guardian.org email: [email protected] iii iv TABLE OF CONTENTS MONK SEALS IN POST-CLASSICAL HISTORY ......................................................III ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... VII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................ VII MONK SEALS IN POST-CLASSICAL HISTORY ..............................................................................1 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIES ......................................................................1 -
Marine Mammals of Hudson Strait the Following Marine Mammals Are Common to Hudson Strait, However, Other Species May Also Be Seen
Marine Mammals of Hudson Strait The following marine mammals are common to Hudson Strait, however, other species may also be seen. It’s possible for marine mammals to venture outside of their common habitats and may be seen elsewhere. Bowhead Whale Length: 13-19 m Appearance: Stocky, with large head. Blue-black body with white markings on the chin, belly and just forward of the tail. No dorsal fin or ridge. Two blow holes, no teeth, has baleen. Behaviour: Blow is V-shaped and bushy, reaching 6 m in height. Often alone but sometimes in groups of 2-10. Habitat: Leads and cracks in pack ice during winter and in open water during summer. Status: Special concern Beluga Whale Length: 4-5 m Appearance: Adults are almost entirely white with a tough dorsal ridge and no dorsal fin. Young are grey. Behaviour: Blow is low and hardly visible. Not much of the body is visible out of the water. Found in small groups, but sometimes hundreds to thousands during annual migrations. Habitat: Found in open water year-round. Prefer shallow coastal water during summer and water near pack ice in winter. Killer Whale Status: Endangered Length: 8-9 m Appearance: Black body with white throat, belly and underside and white spot behind eye. Triangular dorsal fin in the middle of the back. Male dorsal fin can be up to 2 m in high. Behaviour: Blow is tall and column shaped; approximately 4 m in height. Narwhal Typically form groups of 2-25. Length: 4-5 m Habitat: Coastal water and open seas, often in water less than 200 m depth. -
56. Otariidae and Phocidae
FAUNA of AUSTRALIA 56. OTARIIDAE AND PHOCIDAE JUDITH E. KING 1 Australian Sea-lion–Neophoca cinerea [G. Ross] Southern Elephant Seal–Mirounga leonina [G. Ross] Ross Seal, with pup–Ommatophoca rossii [J. Libke] Australian Sea-lion–Neophoca cinerea [G. Ross] Weddell Seal–Leptonychotes weddellii [P. Shaughnessy] New Zealand Fur-seal–Arctocephalus forsteri [G. Ross] Crab-eater Seal–Lobodon carcinophagus [P. Shaughnessy] 56. OTARIIDAE AND PHOCIDAE DEFINITION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION Pinnipeds are aquatic carnivores. They differ from other mammals in their streamlined shape, reduction of pinnae and adaptation of both fore and hind feet to form flippers. In the skull, the orbits are enlarged, the lacrimal bones are absent or indistinct and there are never more than three upper and two lower incisors. The cheek teeth are nearly homodont and some conditions of the ear that are very distinctive (Repenning 1972). Both superfamilies of pinnipeds, Phocoidea and Otarioidea, are represented in Australian waters by a number of species (Table 56.1). The various superfamilies and families may be distinguished by important and/or easily observed characters (Table 56.2). King (1983b) provided more detailed lists and references. These and other differences between the above two groups are not regarded as being of great significance, especially as an undoubted fur seal (Australian Fur-seal Arctocephalus pusillus) is as big as some of the sea lions and has some characters of the skull, teeth and behaviour which are rather more like sea lions (Repenning, Peterson & Hubbs 1971; Warneke & Shaughnessy 1985). The Phocoidea includes the single Family Phocidae – the ‘true seals’, distinguished from the Otariidae by the absence of a pinna and by the position of the hind flippers (Fig. -
The Grey Seal
Factsheet: The grey seal Happy Horsey Seal by Mary Groombridge Where can grey seals be found? The grey seal is the larger and more common of the two British seal species, the other being the common seal (aka harbour seal). There are 3 distinct populations of grey seals in the world, but it is the eastern Atlantic population that is mainly found in the UK. One hundred years ago there were only around 500 grey seals in this country. Now however, half of the world’s population, approximately 80,000 individuals, are found on and around British coasts. They are usually found mainly around exposed rocky northern and western coasts, however the wide, sandy beaches in Norfolk provide an important breeding area for them. What do grey seals look like? Grey seals are classed as ‘true seals’, meaning that they have no external ears and have shorter front flippers. Unlike ‘eared seals’ such as sea lions, grey seals are less mobile on land and tend to move along the ground on their belly. The grey seal can be distinguished from the common seal by its long, straight ‘Roman’ nose and wide nostrils earning its scientific name Halichoerus grypus, meaning "hooked-nosed sea pig". Common seals have smaller, rounder heads with shorter noses. Adult grey seals can grow up to 2.5 metres long; males are much larger than females, averaging 233kg in weight, while females average around 155kg. Males are generally darker in colour and often scarred from territorial battles with other males. For this reason males rarely live longer than 25 years, while females can live for up to 35 years. -
December 20, 2007
BEFORE THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE PETITION TO LIST THE RIBBON SEAL (HISTRIOPHOCA FASCIATA) AS A THREATENED OR ENDANGERED SPECIES UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT © G. CARLETON RAY CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY DECEMBER 20, 2007 Notice of Petition____________________________________________________ Carlos M. Gutierrez Secretary of Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Room 5516 Washington, D.C. 20230 Dr. William Hogarth Assistant Administrator for Fisheries National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration 1315 East-West Highway Silver Springs, MD 20910 PETITIONER The Center for Biological Diversity 1095 Market Street, Suite 511 San Francisco, CA 94103 ph: (415) 436-9682 ext 301 fax: (415) 436-9683 __________________________ Date: this 20th day of December, 2007 Shaye Wolf, Ph.D. Martha Palomino Tovar, Ph.D. Candidate Brendan Cummings Center for Biological Diversity Pursuant to Section 4(b) of the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”), 16 U.S.C. §1533(b), Section 553(3) of the Administrative Procedures Act, 5 U.S.C. § 553(e), and 50 C.F.R. §424.14(a), the Center for Biological Diversity (“Petitioner”) hereby petitions the Secretary of Commerce, through the National Marine Fisheries Service (“NMFS”), to list the ribbon seal (Histriophoca fasciata) as a threatened or endangered species and to designate critical habitat to ensure its survival and recovery. The Center for Biological Diversity (“Center”) is a non-profit, public interest environmental organization dedicated to the protection of native species and their habitats through science, policy, and environmental law. The Center has over 40,000 members in Alaska and throughout the United States. The Center and its members are concerned with the conservation of endangered species, including the ribbon seal, and the effective implementation of the ESA. -
Behaviors of Grey Seals (<I>Halichoerus Grypus</I>)
Tourism in Marine Environments, Vol. 15, No. 3–4, pp. 159-171 1544-273X/20 $60.00 + .00 Printed in the USA. All rights reserved. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/154427320X15945013137030 Copyright © 2020 Cognizant, LLC. E-ISSN 2169-0197 www.cognizantcommunication.com BEHAVIORS OF GREY SEALS (HALICHOERUS GRYPUS) ADDRESSED TOWARDS HUMAN SWIMMERS DURING EXPERIMENTAL OPEN WATER ENCOUNTERS OFF HELIGOLAND (GERMAN BIGHT, NORTH SEA) MICHAEL SCHEER Independent Scholar, Bremen, Germany Risks arising for humans during swim encounters with seals are poorly understood. This study was initiated to examine behaviors of unhabituated grey seals addressed towards humans during experi- mental, noncommercial seal-swim activities off Heligoland. In total, 26 in-water encounters were conducted. Behavioral classes and the number of seals simultaneously approaching swimmers were time sampled. A set of risky and nonrisky interactive behaviors was continuously sampled. Seals spent approximately the same amount of time interacting with swimmers (53%) as they did ignoring them (47%). Seals displayed higher rates of nonrisky behaviors than risky ones, but risky behaviors occurred during 73% of all seal-swims. Seals remained ≤20 m near swimmers for 51% and ≤1 m for 13% of the time. A mean number of 0.65 and 0.18 seals approached swimmers per minute within a range of ≤20 m and ≤1 m, respectively. Behavioral classes, interactive behaviors, and the number of seals approaching ≤20 m did not vary significantly throughout seal-swims but the number of seals approaching ≤1 m moderately decreased. Due to high rates of risky behaviors, it is recommended to promote public awareness on site and to regulate seal-swims before commercial operations emerge. -
The Conflict Between Grey Seals (Halichoerus Grypus) and the Baltic Coastal Fisheries - New Methods for the Assessment and Reduction of Catch Losses and Gear Damage
The conflict between grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and the Baltic coastal fisheries - new methods for the assessment and reduction of catch losses and gear damage Cover picture: Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) taking fish from a herring net. A four camera system with CamDisc Recorder and HelTel Player software was used. Photo S. Königson. September 2004. ISBN 91-85497-30-4 ISSN 0345-7524 Printed by LiU-Tryck, Linköping 2006 ABSTRACT There is a problematic interaction going on between grey seals and the small scale coastal fisheries in the Baltic. A large number of seals are by-caught and drowned each year, and the viability of the fishery is threatened by catch losses caused by the seals. Traditional mitigation methods are not sufficient, or have in some cases not been properly evaluated. Available methods of quantifying and analysing the catch losses are also insufficient. This thesis consists of three parts, each studying a different angle of this conflict. In the first part, new models for estimating catch losses are presented. In addition to the commonly used method of counting the number of damaged fish in the nets, the new models also allow for an estimation of the hidden losses. Hidden losses may be fish that are completely removed from nets without leaving any traces, fish that escape through holes in the net torn by the seals, or even fish that are scared away from the fishing gear. Such losses were found to be significant, and hence it is now clear that the traditional models seriously underestimate the total losses. The new models also allow for a deeper analysis of the interaction process. -
Full Text in Pdf Format
Vol. 16: 149–163, 2012 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Published online February 29 doi: 10.3354/esr00392 Endang Species Res Age estimation, growth and age-related mortality of Mediterranean monk seals Monachus monachus Sinéad Murphy1,*, Trevor R. Spradlin1,2, Beth Mackey1, Jill McVee3, Evgenia Androukaki4, Eleni Tounta4, Alexandros A. Karamanlidis4, Panagiotis Dendrinos4, Emily Joseph4, Christina Lockyer5, Jason Matthiopoulos1 1Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK 2NOAA Fisheries Service/Office of Protected Resources, Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program, 1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA 3Histology Department, Bute Medical School, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, UK 4MOm/Hellenic Society for the Study and Protection of the Monk Seal, 18 Solomou Street, 106 82 Athens, Greece 5Age Dynamics, Huldbergs Allé 42, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark ABSTRACT: Mediterranean monk seals Monachus monachus are classified as Critically Endan- gered on the IUCN Red List, with <600 individuals split into 3 isolated sub-populations, the largest in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Canine teeth collected during the last 2 decades from 45 dead monk seals inhabiting Greek waters were processed for age estimation. Ages were best estimated by counting growth layer groups (GLGs) in the cementum adjacent to the root tip using un - processed longitudinal or transverse sections (360 µm thickness) observed under polarized light. Decalcified and stained thin sections (8 to 23 µm) of both cementum and dentine were inferior to unprocessed sections. From analysing patterns of deposition in the cementum of known age- maturity class individuals, one GLG was found to be deposited annually in M. -
UPDATE MARINE MAMMALS Circumpolar Marine Mammal Expert Group, CBMP-Marine
State of the Arctic Marine Biodiversity Report UPDATE MARINE MAMMALS Circumpolar Marine Mammal Expert Group, CBMP-Marine 2021 Polar bear with northern lights, Canada. Photo credit: Ondrej Prosicky/Shutterstock.com In 2017, the State of the Arctic Marine Biodiversity Report (SAMBR) synthesized data about biodiversity in Arctic marine ecosystems around the circumpolar Arctic. SAMBR highlighted observed changes The Circumpolar Biodiversity and relevant monitoring gaps. This document provides an update on Monitoring Program (CBMP) is the status of marine mammals in the circumpolar Arctic from 2015– an adaptive monitoring 2020 (scientific references for factual information and a more detailed program based on an version of the text herein can be found in Kovacs et al. 2021). international network of scientists, government Arctic endemic marine mammals are one focal group of the Circumpolar agencies, Indigenous Biodiversity Monitoring Program’s (CBMP) Arctic Marine Biodiversity organizations and conservation Monitoring Plan (CBMP-Marine Plan), along with sea ice biota, plankton, groups working together to benthos, marine fishes and seabirds. Networks of experts have harmonize and integrate efforts identified key elements, called Focal Ecosystem Components (FECs), to monitor the Arctic’s living within the Arctic marine ecosystem. Changes in the status of FECs resources. The CBMP organizes indicate changes in the broader marine environment. its efforts around the major This update was prepared by the Marine Mammals Expert Network, ecosystems of the Arctic: which works to coordinate monitoring and report scientific findings marine, freshwater, terrestrial regarding trends and their drivers in marine mammal populations and coastal. around the Arctic. In 2011, the CBMP Marine Expert Monitoring Group BACKGROUND published a circumpolar monitoring plan that describes Arctic endemic marine mammals live in close association with sea how Arctic states will compile, ice. -
On Predatory Habits of Atlantic Walrus
lULl.. ~~C'(fh"-<Y.~~\J Stlll~~JW&'VLt.:..l' Olf' PREDATORY HABITS OF ATLANTIC WALRUS c-n p~ ~~ ~ .J IU.K.Timoshenko (SevPINRO), L.A.Popov (VNIRO) n{)AltMti_ jIO.-~ W.JJ\.W'1 -~) WI Predators are known to exist among walruses. There is n~~o~~~O;> ~p tion in literature,however, on any direct observation on the attack I of walruses on other warm-blooded animals, except for the case repor- ted by Pedersen (Pedersen,I962). roo the data available are of particUlar interest. The observations were made on board vessels,helicopters and on ice in the White Sea in the sealing season of the harp seal. Here some examples will be given. ~ young walrus was encountered on the ice in the Nack of the White ~ea at a distance of 34 km west of the Village of Nizhnyaya Zolotitsa on March 4,1983. ~eeing pea.ple it crept down into water. The ice floe was stained with blood. Many traces found on the· snow covering the ice floe evidenced the predator's movements. Some fragments of a white-coat harp seal,e.g. head and fore flippers, were found. A similar caRe when a walrus attacked a harp seal was recorded in March 1976 (Popov,Nazarenko,I977). At that time the observation made on board a helicopter registered a fact that a young male at the age 3 or 4 years emerged from water and trod on a pup of harp seal who stayed on the ice floe without its mother, and disappeared with the pup in water. -
Electrophoretic Variation in Large Mammals. III. the Ringed Seal, Pusa-Hispida, the Harp Seal, Pagophilus-Groenlandicus, and the Hooded Seal, Cystophora-Cristata
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Biological Sciences Faculty Publications Biological Sciences 1982 Electrophoretic Variation in Large Mammals. III. The Ringed Seal, Pusa-Hispida, the Harp Seal, Pagophilus-Groenlandicus, and the Hooded Seal, Cystophora-Cristata V. Simonsen Fred W. Allendorf University of Montana - Missoula, [email protected] W. F. Eanes F. O. Kapel Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/biosci_pubs Part of the Biology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Simonsen, V.; Allendorf, Fred W.; Eanes, W. F.; and Kapel, F. O., "Electrophoretic Variation in Large Mammals. III. The Ringed Seal, Pusa-Hispida, the Harp Seal, Pagophilus-Groenlandicus, and the Hooded Seal, Cystophora-Cristata" (1982). Biological Sciences Faculty Publications. 63. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/biosci_pubs/63 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hereditas 97: 87-90 (1982) Electrophoretic variation in large mammals 111. The ringed seal, Pusa hispida, the harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus, and the hooded seal, Cystophora cristata. V. SIMONSEN', F. W. ALLENDORF, W. F. EANES3 and F. 0. KAPEL4 ' Institute of Ecology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Denmark Department of Zoology, University of Montana, USA ' Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook, USA Greenland Fisheries Investigations, Charlottenlund, Denmark SIMONSEN, V., ALLENDORF, F. W.,EANES, W. -
Morphometric Measurements and Body Condition of Healthy and Starveling Steller Sea Lion Pups (Eumetopias Jubatus)
Aquatic Mammals 2000, 26.2, 151–157 Morphometric measurements and body condition of healthy and starveling Steller sea lion pups (Eumetopias jubatus) Andrew W. Trites1* and Remco A. H. Jonker1,2 1Marine Mammal Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2204 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands Abstract Introduction The thickness and weight of skin, blubber, and There is considerable interest in applying simple body core were measured from 12 dead Steller sea methods to assess the general health of individual lion pups (Eumetopias jubatus). These necropsied marine mammals. In the case of pinnipeds, there are pups represented a wide range of body sizes and generally two approaches. The first measures the conditions (small to large, and fat to no-fat), and thickness of the blubber layer or the amount of were chosen to compare the relative body con- body fat, and is premised on the idea that a fat ditions of healthy and starved pups. Seven of the animal is healthy (e.g., Gales & Burton, 1987; Ryg pups lacked blubber and were significantly lighter et al., 1990a; Castellini et al., 1993, Renouf et al., for a given length compared to the five that had 1993; Gales et al., 1994; Arnould, 1995; Jonker & fat at their time of death. Volume exceeded mass Trites, unpublished data). The second approach by a factor of 1.3% with density averaging uses a standardized growth curve to determine how 0.987 g cm"3. Skin and blubber were not uniformly heavy an individual should be, based on its thick over the body surface.