THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FINE PAPER and PAPERBOARD Development of an Assisting Tool for Material Decision
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Guiding the development of THEwood-based DIFFERENCE materials BETWEEN towards more sustainable products FINEExamens-/kandidatarbete PAPER inom civilingenjörsprogrammet ANDAND PAPERBOARDPAPERBOARD Development of an assisting tool for materialEMILIA EMILSSON decision Master’s thesis in the Master Degree Programme, Industrial Design Engineering MALIN ALMERS MALIN ALMERS SARA ARVIDSONARVIDSON Department of Ckjkjk.jouhb jn kjkljjljjllökjghj CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Gothenburg, Sweden 2014 DepartmentDepartment ofof ProductProduct andand ProductionProduction DevelopmentDevelopment CHALMERSCHALMERS UNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Gothenburg,Gothenburg, SwedenSweden 20142014 THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FINE PAPER AND PAPERBOARD Development of an assisting tool for material decision Master of Science in the Master Degree Programme, Industrial Design Engineering MALIN ALMERS SARA ARVIDSON Department of Product and Production Development Division of Design and Human Factors Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden 2014 I THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FINE PAPER AND PAPERBOARD Development of an assisting tool for material decision Malin Almers & Sara Arvidson © MALIN ALMERS & SARA ARVIDSON, 2014 Department of Product and Production Development Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden Telephone +46 (0)31-772 1000 Cover: The new developed product, ”the assisting tool” that assists operators in the graphical and packaging industry during material decision for fine paper and paperboard applications. Reproservice Chalmers, Göteborg, Sweden 2014 II III Acknowledgements We would like to dedicate this section to everyone involved in our master thesis work, and thank everyone for making our work possible. First of all we would like to thank our su- pervisor and examiner Lars-Ola Bligård who has guided us and provided assistance throughout our development work. We would also like to devote a special thanks to Elisabeth Östlin at Iggesund Paperboard AB who has given us all ne- cessary feedback to enable the development of the assisting tool. In addition, we would like to thank Carlo Einarsson who initiated our collaboration with Iggesund Paperboard AB, and provided the scope of this project. We would also like to thank Lars Engström at Iggesund Paperboard AB for his technical support during our work. Further, we would like to thank Michael Meier who helped us to distribute our ques- tionnaire to several operators within advertising agencies. Last but not least, we would like to thank all participants in the empirical studies working in the graphical and packa- ging industry, without their support our development work would not have been possible. IV V Abstract The difference between fine paper and paperboard may at a first glance appear trivial. Unfortunately, if the properties of each material are not accurately defined and understood valuable resources, such as material,- time and cost, can be wasted. Hence, this project, performed in collaboration with Iggesund Paperboard AB, aims to spread knowledge about the difference between fine paper and paperboard, and create an aware ness about how to make, and the importance of, a conscious material decision for fine paper and paperboard applications, among operators in the graphical and packaging industry. - - A conscious material decision implies a decision that is based on holistic knowledge about the fine pa per and paperboard application development process, including the properties of fine paper and paperbo- ard. During such a decision, important factors (e.g. durability, runnability, and environmental impact) that contribute to an optimal material for a specific application, and the comprehensive consequences of app lying the material, are taken into account. Thereby, this decision results in an understanding of how to use minimum resources and gain maximum quality when developing a fine paper or paperboard application. - The chosen approach is to identify the current material decision procedure, and which factors and desired properties that are, and should be, considered for fine paper or paperboard applications in order to optimi se the application throughout the development. This has been performed by conducting several theoretical and empirical studies, where the investigated operators are found in the graphical and packaging industry. Although, the primary focus during this project has been directed towards the operators within advertising agencies, as they are the weakest link in terms of lacking knowledge about the investigated manner. Also, they are the ones interacting with the entire graphical and packaging chain, including the customers of fine paper and paperboard applications. Thereby, the knowledge to perform a conscious material decision, throughout the graphical and packaging chain, could be provided by the transfer of knowledge from the operators within advertising agencies. - The goal is to optimise the material decision procedure by providing needed knowledge, to enable a consci ous material decision, in a product. This product is supposed to serve as assistance for the primary users, i.e. operators within advertising agencies, when deciding material for fine paper and paperboard applications. In doing so, the operator will obtain enough knowledge to make conscious material decisions. Thereby, reduced time, cost and environmental impact can be obtained, together with an increased quality of the produced application. The development process, of a product concept that provides a solution to the current lack of knowledge, resulted in a book that serves as an assisting tool for (primarily) operators within advertising agencies- during material decision for fine paper and paperboard applications. Further, the tool acts as a link between the operators within advertising agencies, and the already existing information, i.e. fills the gap of knowled ge in-between these two knowledge holders. This is performed by the assisting tool through the included fundamental knowledge about the fine paper and paperboard application development process, and the fostering of planning and communication. - Keywords: Fine paper, Paperboard, Assisting tool for material decision, New product development, User-cen tered design, Material decision book, Advertising agencies, Fine paper and paperboard applications. VI 15. Table of Content 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Purpose & Goal 1 1.2 Question formulation(s) 2 1.3 The Report 2 2. Theoretical framework 3 2.1 Fine paper & Paperboard 3 2.2 The printing processes & Finishing options 10 3. Methods 15 3.1 Data collection 15 3.2 Analysis 15 3.3 Idea and concept generation 15 3.4 Evaluation 16 4. Implementation 17 4.1 Theoretical study: The graphical & packaging industry 18 4.2 Empirical study: The operators’ knowledge & material decision procedure 18 4.3 Requirement specification 21 4.4 Idea and Concept generation 21 4.5 Concepts and concept evaluation 22 4.6 Further development: The assisting tool 22 4.7 The assisting tool 23 5. Result & Analysis - Empirical studies 25 5.1 The operators’ knowledge about fine paper and paperboard 25 5.2 Critical factors during the material decision 43 5.3 How the material decision is performed 55 5.4 When the material decision is performed 67 6. Requirement specification 75 7. Idea & Concept generation 77 7.1 The configuration of the assisting tool 77 7.2 The technical solutions in the assisting tool 77 8. Concepts & concept evaluation 81 8.1 Concepts 81 8.2 Concept evaluation 85 9. Further development: The assisting tool 89 9.1 Consultation with publishing agencies 89 9.2 Merging solutions 89 9.3 Specifying the concept in detail 89 9.4 Graphic design 91 10. The assisting tool 95 11. Discussion 96 11.1 The project in general 96 11.2 Studies, Result & Analysis 96 11.3 Concept development 97 11.4 The assisting tool 97 VII 12. Conclusions 99 13. Future work & opportunities 101 14. References 103 Appendix Appendix 1 - Interview template 1 105 Appendix 2 - Interview template 2 122 Appendix 3 - Questionnaire 127 Appendix 4 - Requirement specification 135 VIII 1. Introduction kaging engineers, printers, operators within graphic- design and communication educations, operators The difference between fine paper and paperboard within packaging engineering educations, purcha may at a first glance appear trivial. Unfortunately, if sers of fine paper and paperboard, and merchants- the properties of each material are not accurately- of fine paper and paperboard. However, the primary defined and understood valuable resources, such as focus during this project is directed towards the ope material, time and cost, can be wasted.This becau rators within advertising agencies, as they are the- se an incorrect material decision can result in a fine weakest link in terms of lacking knowledge about paper or paperboard application not obtaining the the investigated manner. This fact was initially pro desired properties. Thereby, the application could vided to the project team from Iggesund Paperboard e.g. require to be completely redesigned, result in a- AB at the beginning of this project. In addition, the more expensive printing process, or obtain a shorter- operators within advertising agencies are the ones- life expectancy. All these scenarios lead to an incre interacting with the entire graphical and packaging ased use of material, time and cost, and also a redu chain, including the customers of fine paper and pa ced quality of the application. - perboard applications. Thereby, the knowledge to- - perform a conscious material