DOCSLIB.ORG

VNP Guideline LCA Data for Paper and Board in the Netherlands

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
VNP Guideline LCA Data for Paper and Board in the Netherlands VNP Guidelines - LCA data for paper and board products It is of high importance that the data which isused from generic LCA databases (e.g. ecoinvent) are recent as well as representative for the kind of material used. Paper and board are complex materials that appear in different types suitable for the various applications. This document is set-up to assist LCA experts in finding the right data belonging to the type of paper and board studied. General advices: It is not advisable to use the data from European Life Cycle Database (ELCD) as these data are incomplete and also only ‘cradle to grave’: these are aggregated data hence difficult to identify where impacts come from and thus hardly usable for comparisons or to change for specific situations. Of all other generic databases ecoinvent is the most complete and current database. Other public datasets (e.g. GaBi, Base Impacts and ProBas) are less current and less easy to interpret from a user point of view. For LCA assessments on paper and board produced in the Netherlands it is essential to replace the input of the European average enery mix with input the Dutch energy mix. (NB this is not possible with ELCD as these allow no changes at all). Packaging paper Paper for corrugated board - Papier voor golfkarton Description Corrugated board (in Dutch: golfkarton) is the most commonly used transport packaging. Corrugated board consists of one or more layers of corrugated paper, in combination with one or more layers flat paper. The corrugated paper is called fluting or medium. The flat papers are called liners. Depending on the required properties different amounts and kinds of paper layers are used. The CEPI Containerboard list of grades1 includes: Liners: Brown kraftliner White top kraftliner White coated kraftliner Brown testliner Brown kraft top liner White top testliner, uncoated Mottled testliner White top testliner, coated 1 Downloaded January 2017 from http://www.cepi-containerboard.org/ VNP Guidelines - LCA data for paper and board products The kraftliners are predominantly made of primary kraft pulp, testliners are predominantly recycled fibre based paper. Flutings-Medium Semi-chemical fluting Recycled fluting-medium Light weight recycled medium (LWM) A semi-chemical fluting is predominantly made from semi-chemical primary fibres pulp. Recycled fluting-medium (also known in databases as Wellenstoff) is a predominantly recycled fibre based paper. Dutch production sites In the Netherlands paper for corrugated board is produced by: Smurfit Kappa Roermond Papier DS Smith Paper de Hoop Parenco Papierfabriek Doetinchem LCA data - sources Databases either contain data for the liner or fluting that is still to be converted into corrugated board . The most up to date LCA data for corrugated board is available at the respective European associations. CEPI Containerboard (CCB) and FEFCO publish a joint report and data every three years. The last one (2014 data) is available on www.fefco.org/sites/default/files/lca-report-2015.pdf. The report contains 4 datasets with average European data with high degree of representativeness (more that 60% of the production represented) and of high quality as they have been externally peer-reviewed. Two datasets represent the production of liner, one for virgin material, and the other from recycled material, two datasets represent the production of fluting, one for virgin material, and the other for recycled material. The kraftliner dataset is a combination of the kraftliner grades, testliner of testliner grades and Wellenstoff is recycled fluting-medium. LCA data in ecoinvent are available for the four grades. At this moment (October 2017) this is data from the year 2009, but it is in the process of updating to 2015 data. For the paper for corrugated board produced in the Netherlands only two categories are relevant: ecoinvent: treatment of recovered paper to linerboard, testliner ecoinvent: treatment of recovered paper to fluting medium, wellenstoff When using the data from the CCB-FEFCO or ecoinvent data on paper produced in the Netherlands it is recommended to make them more representative by substitution of the input of average electricity grid mix and natural gas to the input for these processes for the Netherlands. VNP Guidelines - LCA data for paper and board products 1.1 Cartonboard - Vouwkarton Description Cartonboard (in Dutch: vouwkarton) is suitable for small to medium sized boxes that are used to pack a wide variety of products. Cartonboard is often used in the food industry. Cartonboard is made from cellulose containing fibres that are produced either from wood or from recovered paper and board. A combination of the two can be used and there are various types of fibre that produce different characteristics. Cartonboard is roughly categorised in four grades: o Solid Bleached Board (SBB) This grade is typically made from pure bleached chemical pulp with two or three layers of coating on the top surface and one or more layers on the reverse. There are also uncoated grades. Typical markets include cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, graphics, tobacco and luxury packaging. o Solid Unbleached Board (SUB) This grade is typically made from pure unbleached chemical pulp with two or three layers of coating on the top surface. In some cases a white reverse surface is applied. It is primarily used as beverage carriers for bottles and cans, as it is very strong and can be made resistant to water. It is used where strength of packaging is important. o Folding Boxboard (FBB) This grade is typically made of mechanical pulp sandwiched between two layers of chemical pulp with up to three layers of coating on the top or printing surface and one layer of coating on the reverse. Typical uses include pharmaceuticals, confectionery, frozen and chilled foods. o White Lined Chipboard (WLC) This grade is typically made using predominantly recovered paper or recovered fibres. It is manufactured in a number of layers, each of which use selected grades of raw materials. It typically has three layers of coating on the top or printing surface and one layer on the reverse. It is used in a range of applications such as frozen and chilled foods, cereals, shoes, tissues, toys. The most commonly used types are WLC and FBB (resp. 50 and 36 per cent of the market). Dutch production sites In the Netherlands the FBB-type of cartonboard is produced by Mayr-Melnhof in Eerbeek. The other three cartonboard grades are not produced in the Netherlands. LCA data sources The most up to date LCA data for carton board is available on demand at European association Pro Carton. Pro Carton maintains a database similar to CEPI Containerboard. However, the data from Pro Carton are an average of the four grades and include the box production, FBB being only about one third of the covered production. Ecoinvent contains older (2000) and non-sample-based data, but as it is broken down for each of the four grades of carton board, these data-sets are more representative than the up-to-date average: VNP Guidelines - LCA data for paper and board products Abbreviation ecoinvent – name of dataset Netherlands production WLC chipboard production, white lined RER no FBB folding boxboard production RER Mayr-Melnhof SBB solid bleached board production RER no SUB solid unbleached board production RER no So for the Dutch cartonboard production it is best to use the ecoinvent-dataset ‘folding boxboard production RER’. When using the dataset data on cartonboard produced in the Netherlands it is recommended to make them more representative by substitution of the input of average electricity grid mix and natural gas to the input for these processes for the Netherlands. 1.2 Solid board (massiefkarton) Description Another name for solid board is ‘grey board’. It consists of many layers of paper which are pressed in wet condition towards a thick board with grammages > 600 g/m2. The layers are made from recovered paper. At one or both sides of these layers special papers can be glued to achieve special properties (moisture barrier, stiffness, visual, etc.). Solid board is also used for graphical applications (e.g. hard book covers, puzzles and board games). NB. Solid board is NOT to be confused with the SBB (solid bleached board) and SUB (solid unbleached board) categories of folding box board. Solid board is made from recovered paper and has high grammages. SBB and SUB are low grammage cardboard types produced from virgin fibres. VNP Guidelines - LCA data for paper and board products Dutch production sites In the Netherlands, solid board products are produced by Smart Packaging Solutions, Solidus Solutions and Eska. LCA data - sources There is no public available LCA data on solid board. The information is not in ecoinvent, nor in any other database. The European association, ESBO (European Solid Board Organisation) does not exist anymore. Best is to use mill specific data for any LCA analysis data. Best approximation with public data is use the Ecoinvent or CBB-FEFCO data for the corrugated board base paper excluding the addition of starch. When using the data from the CCB-FEFCO or Ecoinvent data on paper produced in the Netherlands it is recommended to make them more representative by adjusting them to the Dutch energy mix. 1.3 Molded fibre products (vormkarton) Description Molded fibre (vormkarton), also named molded pulp is a 3D packaging material, typically made of recovered paper. It is used for protective packaging or for food service trays and beverage carriers. Dutch production sites In the Netherlands molded fibre products are produced by Huhtamaki. LCA data sources There is no public available LCA data on molded fibre products. The very best is to use mill specific data for any LCA analysis data as there is no good proxy with public data of other types of paper and board.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cardboard and Brown Paper Bags Office Paper, Newspaper, Junk Mail, Magazines, and Catalogs
    Recycling Center 801 Diamond Valley Drive Open: Daily to the public during daylight hours This guide will help you properly prepare your recyclable materials for drop-off at the Town of Windsor Recycle Center. This is a drop-off facility. It does not have a buy-back option and is for use by residents and small businesses. Following this information will help maintain the facility and the recycling program for the benefit of the community. IMPORTANT… • Do not leave your recyclables in plastic bags. Plastic bags are NOT recyclable! • The plastic item must be a BOTTLE or JAR. with a #1 or #2 on the bottom. • 99 percent of these will have a screw-on plastic lid (which isn’t recyclable). • Plastic containers with a #3 - #7 on the bottom are NOT acceptable. • Tubs, buckets, deli plates, microwave/fast food trays, wrappers, Styrofoam, toys, patio furniture, etc. are NOT acceptable. • Plastic bottles larger than 2.5 gallons are NOT acceptable. • Syringes and other medical supplies are NOT acceptable. Cardboard and Brown Paper Bags Corrugated cardboard is easy to recognize. It is made of paper and has an arched layer called “fluting” between smooth sheets called “liners”. The drop-off site has two 40-yard hydraulic compactor units for collecting corrugated cardboard and brown paper bags. The compaction system is self-activated by depositing the prepared materials into a six-inch tall slot. Flatten boxes. Cut or tear large boxes into sections no larger than 4 feet by 4 feet to prevent jamming the machine. No wet, waxed-coated or food-contaminated boxes.
    [Show full text]
  • 26 the Carton Packaging Fact File CARTONBOARD
    26 The Carton Packaging Fact File CARTONBOARD 5 The Carton Packaging Fact File 27 KEY FACTS Cartonboard is a multilayered material. The main types of cartonboard are solid bleached board, solid unbleached board, folding boxboard and white lined chipboard. Cartonboard usually has a white, pigmented coating on one or both surfaces Cartonboard specifications Cartonboard can be vary with respect to the pulp combined with other composition of the various materials to vary the visual layers and by the grammage appearance and to extend (weight per sq. metre in the protective properties grammes) and thickness (microns or 0.001 millimetre) Laminations, coatings and impregnations can be added to extend the range of carton applications 28 The Carton Packaging Fact File CARTONBOARD COMMON ABBREVIATIONS SBB Solid Bleached Board SUB Solid Unbleached Board FBB Folding Box Board WLC White Lined Chipboard Different types and grades the range 200-600g/m 2 for grammage product aroma, flavour and hygiene are of cartonboard and their and 350-800µm for thickness. critical. Examples of cartons where abbreviations. The principles SBB is used are perfumes, cosmetics, of cartonboard manufacture, What are the main characteristics chocolates, pharmaceuticals, frozen developments and treatments of cartonboard? foods and cigarettes. Cartonboard is mechanically strong. What is cartonboard? Its stiffness, rigidity and toughness SBB is sometimes referred to as SBS Cartonboard is a multilayer material provide compression strength to protect or GZ. with, usually, three or more layers, or products in distribution and use. It can plies, of cellulose fibre (pulp) derived be cut, creased, folded and glued, giving What is Solid Unbleached Board? from wood.
    [Show full text]
  • Tall Oil Rosin (TOR) Version Number: 8 Issued: 2021-03-15 Replaces SDS: 2019-01-16
    SAFETY DATA SHEET According to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Tall Oil Rosin (TOR) Version number: 8 Issued: 2021-03-15 Replaces SDS: 2019-01-16 SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking 1.1. Product identifier Trade name Tall Oil Rosin (TOR) CAS No. 8050-09-7 UFI code 5SDP-7PGU-G604-3JPD EC number 232-475-7 REACH registration number 01-2119480418-32 Index No. 650-015-00-7 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Use Manufacture rosin Rubber production Binders and release agents Coatings Production of paper and cardboard 1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Supplier SunPine AB Street address Box 76 941 22 Piteå Sweden Telephone 0911-23 28 00 Email [email protected] Web site www.sunpine.se 1.4. Emergency telephone number NHS 111 1 / 15 SAFETY DATA SHEET According to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Tall Oil Rosin (TOR) Version number: 8 Issued: 2021-03-15 Replaces SDS: 2019-01-16 Available outside office hours Yes SECTION 2: Hazards identification 2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Danger classes Skin sensitisation, hazard category 1 Hazard statements H317 2.2. Label elements Labelling according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Hazard pictograms Signal word Warning Hazard statements H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction. Precautionary statements P261 Avoid breathing smoke/fog/vapors/spray. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P302 + P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water/soap.
    [Show full text]
  • Corrugated Board Structure: a Review M.C
    ISSN: 2395-3594 IJAET International Journal of Application of Engineering and Technology Vol-2 No.-3 Corrugated Board Structure: A Review M.C. Kaushal1, V.K.Sirohiya2 and R.K.Rathore3 1 2 Assistant Prof. Mechanical Engineering Department, Gwalior Institute of Information Technology,Gwalior, Assistant Prof. Mechanical Engineering 3 Departments, Gwalior Engineering College, Gwalior, M. Tech students Maharanapratap College of Technology, Gwalior, [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Corrugated board is widely used in the packing industry. The main advantages are lightness, recyclability and low cost. This makes the material the best choice to produce containers devoted to the shipping of goods. Furthermore examples of structure design based on corrugated boards can be found in different fields. Structural analysis of paperboard components is a crucial topic in the design of containers. It is required to investigate their strength properties because they have to protect the goods contained from lateral crushing and compression loads due to stacking. However in this paper complete and detailed information are presented. Keywords: - corrugated boards, recyclability, compression loads. Smaller flutes offer printability advantages as well as I. INTRODUCTION structural advantages for retail packaging. Corrugated board is essentially a paper sandwich consisting of corrugated medium layered between inside II. HISTORY and outside linerboard. On the production side, corrugated In 1856 the first known corrugated material was patented is a sub-category of the paperboard industry, which is a for sweatband lining in top hats. During the following four sub-category of the paper industry, which is a sub-category decades other forms of corrugated material were used as of the forest products industry.
    [Show full text]
  • 3. Baseboard Physical Properties
    3. Baseboard physical properties Performance properties 111 Laws of nature 112 Flatness and stability 116 Strength and toughness 123 Defi ned physical properties 125 Tensile strength 125 Compression strength 126 Complex physical properties 128 Tearing resistance 128 Impact burst strength 128 Delamination, interlaminar strength 129 Stiffness 134 Box compression strength 138 Performance properties 110 Reference Manual | IGGESUND PAPERBOARD Performance properties Performance properties The performance properties are related to the physical Measurable properties characteristics of the paperboard. These properties relate The measurable properties are those which are com- to how the paperboard will withstand the surrounding monly found when describing the technical data for a environment. The following performance properties are paperboard grade. The methods described are those described in this chapter: most commonly used. They are also used by Iggesund • fl atness and dimensional stability Paperboard. • strength and toughness For further information about specific testing equip- • stiffness ment see the manufacturers’ product catalogues • box compression strength. (e.g. Lorentzen & Wettre). The measuring methods for the properties listed are described in the following pages: • tensile strength • tearing resistance • interlayer strength, plybond • bending stiffness • bending resistance • bending moment • density • dimensional properties - Flatness • grammage • grammage (plastic-coated products) • thickness • compression strength • moisture content • stiffness • curl and twist. IGGESUND PAPERBOARD | Reference Manual 111 Laws of nature Laws of nature Two of the most basic physical properties that defi ne a pa- Test method and equipment perboard are grammage and thickness. These properties During production the grammage is measured con- tell us how much fibres and coating that is used for one tinuously on-line with an IR device.
    [Show full text]
  • Corrugated 101! ! !Corrugated Vs
    Corrugated 101! ! !Corrugated vs. Cardboard! • The term "cardboard box" is commonly misused when referring to a corrugated box. The correct technical term is "corrugated fiberboard carton.”! • Cardboard boxes are really chipboard boxes, and used primarily for packaging lightweight products, such as cereal or board games.! • Corrugated fiberboard boxes are widely utilized in retail packaging, shipping cartons, product displays and many other applications ! requiring lightweight, but sturdy materials.! !Corrugated Composition! Corrugated fiberboard is comprised of linerboard and heavy paper medium. Linerboard is the flat, outer surface that adheres to the medium. The medium is the wavy, fluted paper between the liners. Both are made of a special kind of heavy paper called !containerboard. Board strength will vary depending on the various linerboard and medium combinations.! • Single Face: Medium glued to 1 linerboard; flutes exposed! • Single Wall: Medium between 2 liners! • Double Wall: Varying mediums layered between 3 liners! !• Triple Wall: Varying mediums layered between 4 liners! !Flute Facts! !Corrugated board can be created with several different flute profiles. The five most common flute profiles are:! • A-Flute: Original corrugated flute design. Contains about 33 flutes per foot.! • B-Flute: Developed primarily for packaging canned goods. Contains about 47 flutes per foot and measures 1/8" thick! • C-Flute: Commonly used for shipping cartons. Contains about 39 flutes per foot and measures 5/32" thick! • E-Flute: Contains about 90 flutes per foot and measures 1/16" thick! • F-Flute: Developed for small retail packaging. Contains about 125 flutes per foot and measures 1/32" thick! • Generally, larger flute profiles deliver greater vertical compression strength and cushioning.
    [Show full text]
  • THE REVISION of EU ECOLABEL CRITERIA for Converted Paper Products
    THE REVISION OF EU ECOLABEL CRITERIA for Converted Paper Products Draft Preliminary Report Malgorzata Kowalska, Antonios Konstantas, Oliver Wolf Marzia Traverso, Rose Nangah Mankaa, Sabrina Neugebauer November 2018 EUR xxxxx xx 1 This publication is a Science for Policy report by the Joint Research Centre, the European Commission’s in-house science service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policy-making process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. Contact information Name: Address: E-mail: Tel.: JRC Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRCxxxxx EUR xxxxx xx PDF ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x ISSN xxxx-xxxx doi:xx.xxxx/xxxxxx XX-NA-xxxxx-EN-N Print ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x ISSN xxxx-xxxx doi:xx.xxxxx/xxxxxx XX-NA-xxxxx-EN-C © European Union, 20xx Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. How to cite: Authors; title; EUR; doi All images © European Union 20xx, except: 2 Table of contents ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ 3 Executive summary ............................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 4 2. Task 1: Scope and definition analysis ..................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 4. Printing and Converting Performance
    4. Printing and converting performance Paperboard converting 147 Clean edges and surfaces 155 Handling paperboard 158 Offset lithography 160 UV-offset 161 Waterless offset 162 Hybrid offset 162 Flexography 163 Screen printing 164 Digital printing 165 Gravure printing 166 Hot foil stamping 169 Embossing 171 Die-cutting & creasing 174 Lasercutting 178 Scoring 182 Creasabilty & foldability 186 Gluing 194 Binding in practice - the last link 199 Heat sealing 206 Packaging operation 203 Deep drawing 212 146 Reference Manual | IGGESUND PAPERBOARD Paperboard converting Paperboard converting Paperboard has the ability to achieve or exceed the same The increasing demands in the brand promotion process excellent image reproduction as for the best fine papers. for graphic design and the use of non-print surface enhance- Paperboard offers equal possibilities to achieve new, ment are creating innovative shapes and multi-sensory ex- challenging shapes as competing packaging materials. periences for the consumer or user who hand les the product. However, increasing demands on performance of the An understanding of the interaction between paper- material in various converting processes have become board properties and converting effi ciency is essential for evident when speeds in both printing processes and post- designers and converters, since the ultimate design of the press converting have increased. Additionally, the accept- product together with the choice of paperboard will impact ance level for impurities or slight deviations in quality in the on crucial conversion factors like printability, fl atness, and fi nal product has dropped noticeably as a result of both creasing/folding properties. Considering all the variables, end-user demands and the use of modern quality control it is probably true to say that consistency in the behaviour equipment in the various converting machines.
    [Show full text]
  • General Rules for the Sandy Pines Cardboard Boat Race
    GENERAL RULES FOR THE SANDY PINES CARDBOARD BOAT RACE Build Rules The entire boat must be built out of corrugated or standard cardboard, this cardboard may be as thick or have as many layers as you want. You may not use Paper-mâché to ‘cover’ the hull although it may be used to join cardboard panels or strengthen joints The following materials are also permitted in the construction: Brown wrapping paper, Newspaper, Tissue paper, Cardboard tubes Duct tape, masking tape, gaffer tape and packing tape along with adhesives such as PVA Glue, “liquid nails” or silicone may be used to connect cardboard-to-cardboard or reinforce seams, stress points & joints. Tapes may not be used to waterproof hulls and may not be 'Wrapped' around the hull The following paint types are permitted to help water-seal the hull joints & edges: Rubber ('Caucho'), Standard interior/exterior emulsion paint, one-part polyurethane varnish, Water- based sealant Applied paint, glue & silicone must be dry for at least 24 hours prior to launching, boats that have wet paint or other materials may be disqualified Oars & Paddles must be ‘Homemade’ and are under the same build-restrictions as hulls. Although wooden broom-handles may be used for shafts or handles, the blades themselves must be made from cardboard, however edges can be taped & siliconed if required, but not 'wrapped' in tape or film. Tie- wraps may be used to join the blades to the handles & the same paint rules apply as with boat construction Decorations and props that are not part of the boat's hull or structure can be made of anything as long as they do not add to the strength, integrity or buoyancy of the boat or are going to be removed from the hull prior to entering the water.
    [Show full text]
  • Wood Research the Influence of the Type And
    WOOD RESEARCH 52 (4): 2007 79-88 THE INFLUENCE OF THE TYPE AND PREPARATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSE FIBRES ON THE PROPERTIES OF MDF Piotr Borysiuk, Danuta Nicewicz, Jerzy Pawlicki , Marcin Klimczewski Faculty of Wood Technology (WTD) SGGW Warszawa, Warsaw, Poland ABSTRACT Th e infl uence of the type and preparation of lingo-cellulose fi bres on the properties of MDF. Th e possibilities of utilizing waste-paper were examined in the production of MDF. Two kinds of waste-paper (cardboard waste and mixed waste-paper) in two disintegration sizes each were used. Th e composition and length of fi bres and content of the Klasson lignin were examined. Th e following properties were obtained in the boards: bending strength, internal bond, modulus of elasticity and thickness swelling. It is apparent that paper fi bres can be added to wood fi bers in the production of MDF to a maximum of 30%. KEY WORDS: cardboard waste, mixed-waste paper, MDF, disintegration size of waste paper INTRODUCTION Th e limited supply of wood from the forest has initiated research in other materials for production of wood- panel boards. Investigations of the utilization of fi brous agricultural waste material and of high-molecular polymer are well-known and partially practised in industry. Waste paper is a recycled material which is not on the whole used in the production of paper. Th e production and consumption of paper increase every year, this is why waste paper resources will also increase. Th is is the reason why waste paper can be used in other branches of industry.
    [Show full text]
  • What's a Tree Done for You Lately?
    What’s a Tree Done For You Lately? Some common products we get from trees and how they are made Scott Leavengood Director, Oregon Wood Innovation Center, Oregon State University This publication is on-line at http://owic.oregons tate.edu/teachers.php Introduction Products from trees are all around us. Some items are easy to recognize as products we get from trees - This publication will serve as valuable lumber, plywood, and paper, for example. Other background material for several activities in the items such as cellophane, a rayon scarf, and a Project Learning Tree (PLT) Pre K-8 chocolate bar, may not be as easy to recognize as a Environmental Education Activity Guide (1993, product from trees. American Forest Foundation, Washington, D.C.). In particular, the publication is well- This publication will help educators teach students suited to activities 12 and 13, Tree Treasures, about the variety of products we obtain from trees and We All Need Trees, respectively. and how the products are made. It serves as a reference for anyone who wants to know more Number 12 - Tree Treasures about products we obtain from trees. Objectives: 1) identify and categorize products derived from Products from trees may be categorized as: trees, 2) find out which forest products are recyclable • products from wood fiber - for example, paper or reusable, and products and purified cellulose products (rayon, 3) recommend actions for conserving forest cellophane, food additives, and resources. pharmaceuticals); Number 13 - We All Need Trees • products derived
    [Show full text]
  • 8 Paper and Paperboard Packaging M.J
    8 Paper and Paperboard Packaging M.J. Kirwan 8.1 INTRODUCTION A wide range of paper and paperboard is used in packaging today – from lightweight infusible tissues for tea and coffee bags to heavy duty boards used in distribution. Paper and paperboard are found wherever products are produced, distributed, marketed and used, and account for about one-third of the total packaging market. Over 40% of all paper and paperboard consumption in Europe is used for packaging and over 50% of the paper and paperboard used for packaging is used by the food industry. One of the earliest references to the use of paper for packaging food products is a patent taken out by Charles Hildeyerd on 16 February 1665 for ‘The way and art of making blew paper used by sugar-bakers and others’ (Hills, 1988). The use of paper and paperboard for packaging purposes accelerated during the latter part of the nineteenth century to meet the needs of manufacturing industry. The manufacture of paper had progressed from a laborious manual operation, one sheet at a time, to continuous high speed production with wood pulp replacing rags as the main raw material. There were also developments in the techniques for printing and converting these materials into packaging containers. Today, examples of the use of paper and paperboard packaging for food can be found in many places, such as supermarkets, traditional markets and retail stores, mail order, fast food, dispensing machines, pharmacies, and in hospital, catering and leisure situations. Uses can be found in packaging all the main categories of food, such as: r dry food products – cereals, biscuits, bread and baked products, tea, coffee, sugar, flour, dry food mixes, etc r frozen foods, chilled foods and ice cream r liquid foods and beverages – juice drinks, milk and milk derived products r chocolate and sugar confectionery r fast foods r fresh produce – fruit, vegetables, meat and fish Packaging made from paper and paperboard is found at the point of sale (primary packs), in storage and for distribution (secondary packaging).
    [Show full text]