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Using Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) and the AUV Workbench to Compute a Ballistic Correction (BALCOR)

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Using Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) and the AUV Workbench to Compute a Ballistic Correction (BALCOR) Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2006-12 Increasing range and lethality of Extended-Range Munitions (ERMS) using Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) and the AUV workbench to compute a Ballistic Correction (BALCOR) Wahl, Douglas Timothy Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2417 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS INCREASING RANGE AND LETHALITY OF EXTENDED-RANGE MUNITIONS (ERMS) USING NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION (NWP) AND THE AUV WORKBENCH TO COMPUTE A BALLISTIC CORRECTION (BALCOR) by Douglas Timothy Wahl December 2006 Thesis Advisor Wendell Nuss Thesis Co-Advisor Don Brutzman Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED December 2006 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Environmental Effects on Increasing Range and 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Lethality of Extended-Range Munitions (ERMs) using Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) and the AUV Workbench to compute a Ballistic Correction (BALCOR) 6. AUTHOR Douglas Timothy Wahl 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Naval Postgraduate School REPORT NUMBER Monterey, CA 93943-5000 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING Commanding Officer AGENCY REPORT NUMBER SPAWAR Systems Center ATTN: Rita Painter 53560 Hull Street San Diego CA 92152-5001 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) Extended-Range Munitions (ERMs) are gun-launched rocket-boosted munitions having an effective range over 27 km. In accordance with Sea Power 21 and the Marine Corps’ requirements for sea-based fire support, three ERMs are being developed. The purpose of this work is to increase the range and lethality of these munitions by applying environmental effects when computing the projectiles’ trajectory. A broad review of artillery and munitions literature reveals that historically 66% of ballistic error can be attributed to meteorological factors. The most important factors are wind (speed and direction), temperature, and pressure. It has also been shown that global atmospheric numerical weather prediction (NWP) data typically outperforms the traditional radiosonde data and is suitable for use in ballistic corrections. Forecasted NWP products provided by the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanographic Center (FNMOC) are integrated using the Joint Meteorology and Oceanographic (METOC) Broker Language (JMBL) into a Five-Degree of Freedom (5DOF) aerodynamic model within the Autonomous Unmanned Vehicle (AUV) Workbench producing a ballistic correction (BALCOR) for the munition. This new capability can significantly enhance naval gunfire effectiveness since the BALCOR increase the munitions’ range and the ability apply kinetic energy onto the target rather than using it to maneuver to the target. 14. SUBJECT TERMS Long-range projectiles, extended-range munitions, ERM, Ballistic Trajectory 15. NUMBER OF Extended-Range Munition, BTERM, Extended-Range Guided Munition, ERGM, Long-Range Land PAGES Attack Projectile, LRLAP, ballistics, Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center, 147 FNMOC, numerical modeling, numerical weather prediction, NWP, Navy Operational Global 16. PRICE CODE Atmospheric Prediction System, NOGAPS. 17. SECURITY 18. SECURITY 19. SECURITY 20. LIMITATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF THIS CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT REPORT PAGE ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified UL NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18 i THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ii Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited INCREASING RANGE AND LETHALITY OF EXTENDED-RANGE MUNITIONS (ERMS) USING NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION (NWP) AND THE AUV WORKBENCH TO COMPUTE A BALLISTIC CORRECTION (BALCOR) Douglas Timothy Wahl Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy B.S., United States Naval Academy, 1994 MBA, San Diego State University, 2005 M.A., Naval War College, 2006 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN METEOROLOGY AND PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL December 2006 Author: Douglas Timothy Wahl Approved by: Wendell Nuss Thesis Advisor Don Brutzman Co-Advisor Philip Durkee Chair, Department of Meteorology iii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK iv ABSTRACT Extended-Range Munitions (ERMs) are gun-launched rocket-boosted munitions having an effective range over 27 km. In accordance with Sea Power 21 and the Marine Corps’ requirements for sea-based fire support, three ERMs are being developed. The purpose of this work is to increase the range and lethality of these munitions by applying environmental effects when computing the projectiles’ trajectory. A broad review of artillery and munitions literature reveals that historically 66% of ballistic error can be attributed to meteorological factors. The most important factors are wind (speed and direction), temperature, and pressure. It has also been shown that global atmospheric numerical weather prediction (NWP) data typically outperforms the traditional radiosonde data and is suitable for use in ballistic corrections. Forecasted NWP products provided by the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanographic Center (FNMOC) are integrated using the Joint Meteorology and Oceanographic (METOC) Broker Language (JMBL) into a Five-Degree of Freedom (5DOF) aerodynamic model within the Autonomous Unmanned Vehicle (AUV) Workbench producing a ballistic correction (BALCOR) for the munition. This new capability can significantly enhance naval gunfire effectiveness since the BALCOR increase the munitions’ range and the ability apply kinetic energy onto the target rather than using it to maneuver to the target. v THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK vi TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1 A. OVERVIEW.....................................................................................................1 B. DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................2 C. MOTIVATION ................................................................................................2 D. APPROACH TAKEN......................................................................................3 E. THESIS ORGANIZATION............................................................................4 II. BACKGROUND AND RELATED WORK ..............................................................5 A. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................5 B. OVERVIEW OF EXTENDED-RANGE MUNITIONS (ERMS)................5 C. REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTENDED-RANGE MUNITIONS (ERM).....5 1. Marine Corps Requirement................................................................5 2. Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Directive......................................6 a. Sea Strike...................................................................................7 b. Sea Shield ..................................................................................7 c. Sea Basing.................................................................................7 d. FORCEnet.................................................................................8 D. HISTORY OF LONG-RANGE PROJECTILES (LRPS) ...........................8 1. World War I (WWI)............................................................................8 a. Paris Gun...................................................................................8 2. World War II (WWII).........................................................................9 a. Gustav Gun................................................................................9 b. Battleships ...............................................................................10 3. Korea...................................................................................................11 4. Vietnam...............................................................................................12 5. Iran-Iraq War ....................................................................................14 6. Lebanon ..............................................................................................15 7. Gulf Wars ...........................................................................................15
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