I i86 BRH [THE CENTENARY OF COLLEGE OF ms] THE SURGEONS. [JULY 21, 1900. In the of our LL.D., D.C.L., Professor of Clinical Surgery University of Laval; Surgeon- present state very limited knowledge of the General James Jameson, C.B., M.D., LL.D., Director-General, Army complicated processes which take place in the decomposition Medical Service; William Williams Keen, M.D., LL.D., Professor of the and ultimate oxidation of sewage, it is premature to dogma- Principles of Surgery and of Clinical Surgery, Jefferson Medical College, tise with regard to all the details of these but from Philadelphia; Theodor Kocher, Professor of Surgery, University of Bern; processes; Professor Dr. Franz Konig, Geh. Med. Bath, Berlin; Professor Dr. Ernst what is known with regard to the life-history of bacteria, it-is Georg Ferdinand Kuster, Geh. Med. Rath, Marburg: Elie Lambotte, plainly indicated that excessive anaerobic action may greatly Brussels; Odilon Marc Lannelongue, Professor of Surgical Pathology, modify and inhibit the work of anaerobic as well as of aerobic Faculty of Medicine of Paris; Kar Gustaf Lennander, M.D., Professor of Surgery and Obstetrics, University of Upsala; William Macewen, M.D. bacteria; that septic tanks and contact beds may become LL.D., F.R.S., Regius Professor of Surgery, University of Glasgow, " sewage sick" as well as the land used for sewage puri- Colonel Kenneth MacLeod, M.D., LL.D IMS Professor of Clinical fication. and Military Medicine, Armiy Medical School. Netley; Julius Nicolaysen, It is conceivable, therefore, that in cases in which the flow Professor of Surgery, Royal University of Christiania ; Sir Henry Frederick NorburY K.C.B., Director-General, Medical Department of the Royal of sewage to the septic tank is hindered and delayed by low Navy; Leopold Ollier, Professor of Clinical Surgery, UniversitY of Lyonos; gradients, or faulty conditions of the sewers, or other causes, Victor Pactioutine, President, Imperial Military Academy of Medicine, the interposition of a septic tank previous to treatment by St. Petersburg; Samuel Pozzi, Professor, Faculty of Medicine of Paris; Colonel Daniel Charles O'Connell Raye, M.D., Indiani Medical Service; bacteria beds may give rise to deposit of much foul sludge, Thomas G. Roddick, M.D., C M Professor of Surgery, McGill University, and interfere with the final nitrification. Conversely, if the Montreal; Federico Rubioy Gaii, Member of the Royal Academy of Medi- flow of the sewage be expedited by improved sewerage, and cine of Madrid; Nicolas Wassilievitch Sklifossovsky, Director and the removal of all causes which impede Emeritus Professor, Imperial Clinical Institute of the Grand Duchess the steady and rapid Helena Pavlovna, St. Petersburg; Paul Tillaux, Professor of Clinical Sur- tlow of the sewage, the interposition of a septic tank before the gery, Faculty of Medicine of Paris; Nicolas Veliaminoff, Professor of treatment by bacterial beds may become an absolute necessity. surgery, Imperial Military Academy of Medicine, St. Petersburg; Joiln It has been definitely shown that such a sewage as that of Collins Warren, M.D., Professor of Surgery, Harvard University; Robert Fulton Weir, M.D., Professor of Clinical Surgery, Columbia University, Manchester, complicated as it is by large quantities of trade New York. .efliuents having an antiseptic action, may bepurified by septic Before conferring the Honorary Fellowships, the President, -tank and double contact bacteria beds to such an extent that Sir William Mac Cormac, will deliver an address of wel- no land is required for its further purification. come. Under the conditions which obtain at Leicester, however, The festival dinner, at which the Prince of Wales and the the prolonged and careful experiments reported by Mr. Maw- other Honorary Fellows are expected to be present will be bey demonstrate that the septic tank is not required, and held in the Hall of the Hlonourable Society of Lincoin's Inn that, although the Leicester sewage might be sufficiently on the same evening at 8 P.M. Conversaziones will be given by purified by bacterial treatment only-(as was indicated by a the College on Thursday evening and by the Lord Mayor on short series of experiments in which three contact beds were Friday evening. employed in succession), in the land, prepared at great cost for irrigation purposes, Leicester "possesses a well-proved system which should not be lightly abandoned." THE INSPECTION OF FACTORIES AND WORKSHOPS. 'THE CENTENARY OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF (Continued from page 104.) SURGEONS OF ENGLAND. INDIA-RUBBER WORKS. THE annual report of the Chief Inspector of Factories and LIST OF HONORARY FELLOWS. Workshops for 1899, to which reference has already been made THE festival celebrating the centenary of the Royal College of in the JOURNAL, shows that within the last few years there Surgeons, as already announced, commences on Wednesday has been in several of the dangerous trades a disuse of several next. Mr. Linley Sambourne has made a design for the front of the harmful ingredients employed in the industries. This page of the general programme of the proceedings of the three has3 been very noticeable in the enamelling of iron plates and days. It represents the goddess Hygeia standing in front of in the use of carbon bisulphide in india-rubber works. an altar. In her raiEed left hand she holds a cup which may During the year reported upon there occurred in india-rubber contain some antiseptic solution, though its shape suggests works two serious explosions, owing to stoppage of the fans. that it may be intended to receive a sparkling beverage, and Although carbon bisulphide is highly inflammable, it is not thus have a reference to the festivities by which the demon- of itself an explosive, but when mixed with fifteen volumes of strations in the museums and laboratories are to be varied. air (three volumes of oxygen) the mixture becomes highly In her right hand she holds a staff wreathed with flowers, and explosive. As the amount of air is increased, the violence of bearing at its upper end a disc which the irreverent might sug- the explosion correspondingly diminishes. It is therefore gest to be a representation of a spade guinea. Laurel very desirable that fans should be in working order, so as to wreaths lie at her feet, and the snake coils up a tripod at her secure not only through ventilation, but also that weakening side. of the explosive compound which more air induces. A s3park The chief day will be Thursday, when the centenary meeting from a feed roller in the india-rubber works in question was will be held in the theatre of the University of London, Bur- ignited the carbon bisulphide. lington Gardens, at 2.30 P.M. The Prince of Wales, who was supposed to have *elected an Honorary Fellow of the College onJune x4th, will be ANTHRAX. present. A deputation will have previously waited upon the Notwithstanding the special rules, cases of anthrax from Prince (on Tuesday) to present him with the diploma. The handling hides and skins were still numerous. As the greatest Marquess of Salisbury and the Earl of Rosebery, who were amount of illness was traced to the importation into this elected Honorary Fellows on July l2th, will also be present at cnuntry of bides from China, several of the large firms have the meeting, and will then receive their diplomas. The fol- voluntarily discarded them. The use of horsehair, especiallY lowing distinguished foreign and colonial surgeons are also ex- Siberian manes, was also a prolific cause of anthrax. Disin- pected to be present, and in that case will receive the Hono- fection by siteam has greatly reduced the dangerous character Of -rary Fellowship:- evidently something more is yet required Eduard Albert, Professor of Clinical Surgery, University of Vienna; the industry, but Charles Bent Ball, M.D., M,Ch., Regius Protessor of Surgery, University Arrangements have now been made by the Home Office for of Dublin; Edoardo Bassini, Professor of Clinical Surgery, Royal Univer- the bacteriological verification of all doubtful c of sity of Padua; Edward Hallaran Bennett, M.D., M.Ch Professor of Sur- anthrax. gery, Trinity ollege, Dublin; John Wilhelm Berg, Pro'essor of Surgery, Royal Caroline Institute of Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm; S. Exc. EARTHENWARE AND CHINA TRADES. Professor Dr. Ernst von Bergmann, Geh. Med. Rath., Berlin; Oscar Bloch, The earthenware and china trade is dealt with at consider- Professor of Surgery, University of Copenhagen; Enrico Bottini, Pro- able length by the Chief Inspector of Factories. The number fessor of Clinical Surgery, Royal University of Pavia; I. H. Cameron. Pro- has already been much reduced by fessor of Clinical Surgery, University of Toronto; Dr. Salvador Cardenal of cases of lead poisoning Fernandez,Vice-Presicent Royal Academy of Medicine and Surgery, Barce- the amended Special Rules of I898. Dr. Thorpe and Dr. lona; Antonino D'Antona, Professor of Surgery, Royal University of Naples; Oliver in their report upon "the use of lead compounds in Francesco Durante, Professor of Clinical Surgery, Royal University of pottery," recommended that raw lead should be abolished, Rome; S. Exc. Professor Dr. Friedrich von Esmarch, Wirkl. Geh. Rath., Kiel; William Stewart Halsted, M.D., Professor of Surgery, Johns that -only fritted compounds should be used and that under Hopkins University, Baltimore; Hon. Sir William Hales Hingston, M.D., certain circumstances leadles glazes shoul4 be substituted.