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PROGRAM NOTES Witold Lutosławski Concerto for Orchestra
PROGRAM NOTES by Phillip Huscher Witold Lutosławski Born January 25, 1913, Warsaw, Poland. Died February 7, 1994, Warsaw, Poland. Concerto for Orchestra Lutosławski began this work in 1950 and completed it in 1954. The first performance was given on November 26, 1954, in Warsaw. The score calls for three flutes and two piccolos, three oboes and english horn, three clarinets and bass clarinet, three bassoons and contrabassoon, four horns, four trumpets, four trombones and tuba, timpani, snare drum, side drums, tenor drum, bass drum, cymbals, tam-tam, tambourine, xylophone, bells, celesta, two harps, piano, and strings. Performance time is approximately twenty-eight minutes. The Chicago Symphony Orchestra's first subscription concert performances of Lutosławski's Concerto for Orchestra were given at Orchestra Hall on February 6, 7, and 8, 1964, with Paul Kletzki conducting. Our most recent subscription concert performance was given November 7, 8, and 9, 2002, with Christoph von Dohnányi conducting. The Orchestra has performed this concerto at the Ravinia Festival only once, on June 28, 1970, with Seiji Ozawa conducting. For the record The Orchestra recorded Lutosławski's Concerto for Orchestra in 1970 under Seiji Ozawa for Angel, and in 1992 under Daniel Barenboim for Erato. To most musicians today, as to Witold Lutosławski in 1954, the title “concerto for orchestra” suggests Béla Bartók's landmark 1943 score of that name. Bartók's is the most celebrated, but it's neither the first nor the last work with this title. Paul Hindemith, Walter Piston, and Zoltán Kodály all wrote concertos for orchestra before Bartók, and Witold Lutosławski, Michael Tippett, Elliott Carter, and Shulamit Ran are among those who have done so after his famous example. -
Music for the Piano Session Five
MUSIC FOR THE PIANO SESSION FIVE: “MOST LIKE AN ORCHESTRA,” 1860-1890 The above illustration for our fifth session a photograph of a modern concert grand piano – a full nine feet in length. By 1860 the piano was a fully developed instrument capable of filling large auditoriums with a wide range of sounds from very low to very high pitches, from very thin to very thick textures, and with many different kinds of sounds – all of which could be made softer or sustained over time by the use of foot pedals. PIANO DUET IMAGES We’re going to begin today’s session by looking at some images of piano duet playing – two people at one piano. As we have seen, this very popular genre of piano music began with Mozart and continued through the 19th century. Over time the image of two people making music at one piano became a powerful cultural image that illustrated, not only music-making, but social status, friendship and family solidarity as well. Here are some images that show various aspects of this once-popular kind of music-making. “MOST LIKE AN ORCHESTRA” There are many reasons why the piano became, and remained, the musical instrument of choice throughout the nineteenth century. We have already discussed several reasons: its reliability; its unique versatility to function as a solo instrument, to blend with other instruments, and to hold its own when contrasted with a full symphony orchestra. Add to this the simple fact that, by 1860, there were thousands of pianos in private homes and places of entertainment, and a vast repertoire of music of many types for both amateur and professional pianists to play. -
African-American Bassoonists and Their Representation Within the Classical Music Environment
African-American Bassoonists and Their Representation within the Classical Music Environment D.M.A. Document Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Musical Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ian Anthony Bell, M.M. Graduate Program in Music The Ohio State University 2019 D.M.A. Document Committee: Professor Karen Pierson, Advisor Doctor Arved Ashby Professor Katherine Borst Jones Doctor Russel Mikkelson Copyrighted by Ian Anthony Bell 2019 Abstract This paper is the culmination of a research study to gauge the representation of professional African-American orchestral bassoonists. Are they adequately represented? If they are not adequately represented, what is the cause? Within a determined set of parameters, prominent orchestras and opera companies were examined. Of the 342 orchestral and opera companies studied, there are 684 positions for bassoonists. Sixteen of these jobs are currently held by African-Americans. Some of these musicians hold positions in more than one organization reducing the study to twelve black bassoonists. Translated to a percentage, .022% of the professional bassoonists within these groups are African-American, leading the author to believe that the African-American bassoon community is underrepresented in American orchestras and opera companies. This study also contains a biography of each of the twelve bassoonists. In addition, four interviews and five questionnaires were completed by prominent African- American bassoonists. Commonalities were identified, within their lives and backgrounds, illuminating some of the reasons for their success. Interview participants included Rufus Olivier Jr. (San Francisco Opera), Joshua Hood (Charlotte Symphony Orchestra), Monica Ellis (Imani Winds), Alexander Davis (fellowship recipient), and Andrew Brady (Atlanta Symphony Orchestra). -
The Use of Music Technologies in Field Education Courses and Daily Lives of Music Education Department Students (Sample of Atatürk University)∗
Universal Journal of Educational Research 6(5): 1005-1014, 2018 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2018.060521 The Use of Music Technologies in Field Education Courses and Daily Lives of Music Education ∗ Department Students (Sample of Atatürk University) Gökalp Parasiz Department of Fine Arts Education, Necatibey Education Faculty, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey Copyright©2018 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract Technology-oriented tools/devices have long situations. been an indispensable part of music as well as music Technology and education are branches of science in education for many years. It is of great importance in music their own right and they have different theories and education for students and teachers and the future of music techniques but they are used together to improve quality in to follow closely and use the technological developments learning and teaching environments. This use reveals a new in the present age in which technology directs the future. discipline, namely education technology [10]. Today, both The aim of this research is to determine the use of information content and technological developments are technology and music technologies in music training rapidly changing and spreading. These formations students' field education courses in general and to naturally affect learning-teaching styles [16]. The determine the contribution of technology in both learning development of technology affects both the structure of the and application fields both individually and in general education system and the learning-teaching activities. -
CMA Youth Orchestra Learning Goals and Audition Requirements Beginning Orchestra Requirements for Entry
CMA Youth Orchestra Learning Goals and Audition Requirements Beginning Orchestra requirements for entry (NO AUDITION REQUIRED): • Graduation from a CMA Lindenbaum Outreach Program Strings Class or 1 year of private lessons • Well-established instrument and bow-hold; proper posture • No music reading experience or limited knowledge of note reading • Can play A and D major Chamber Orchestra requirements for entry: • Well-established instrument, bow hold, and posture • Read all C, G, and D major notes in first position fluidly th • Read all rests and rhythms from whole to 8 -notes, including simple dotted rhythms • Able to hook, slur, and play staccato/legato bowings • Able to follow Orchestra Director and blend with group • Knowledge of dynamics Audition Material for Chamber Orchestra: • Scales with Hook and Slur bowings: o Violins: 2-Octave G Major Scale o Violas and Cellos: 2-Octave C Major Scale o Basses: 1-Octave D Major Scale • Assigned piece • 2-4 lines of sight-reading CMA Performers requirements for entry: • Concurrent enrollment in private lessons or CMA Small-Group Lessons • Can play and read notes in keys up to 3 sharps and 3 flats in first position • Read all rhythms generally, including sixteenths, all dotted rhythms, and triplets • Comfortable with more complicated bowing patterns, including lifts rd • Able to shift to 3 position and developing further shifting skills • Emerging vibrato Audition Material for CMA Performers: • Scales and Arpeggios o Violins: 2-Octave D Major Scale and Arpeggios o Violas and Cellos: 2-Octave G Major Scale and Arpeggios o Basses: 2-Octave Scale of choice • Assigned piece • 3-6 lines of sight-reading, including accidentals As always, please let us know if you have any questions! [email protected] or (830) 372-6448 Auditions for Chamber Orchestra and CMA Performers Once your student graduates from the outreach classes and into the orchestras, they are not expected to advance from level to level each year. -
How to Effectively Listen and Enjoy a Classical Music Concert
HOW TO EFFECTIVELY LISTEN AND ENJOY A CLASSICAL MUSIC CONCERT 1. INTRODUCTION Hearing live music is one of the most pleasurable experiences available to human beings. The music sounds great, it feels great, and you get to watch the musicians as they create it. No matter what kind of music you love, try listening to it live. This guide focuses on classical music, a tradition that originated before recordings, radio, and the Internet, back when all music was live music. In those days live human beings performed for other live human beings, with everybody together in the same room. When heard in this way, classical music can have a special excitement. Hearing classical music in a concert can leave you feeling refreshed and energized. It can be fun. It can be romantic. It can be spiritual. It can also scare you to death. Classical music concerts can seem like snobby affairs full of foreign terminology and peculiar behavior. It can be hard to understand what’s going on. It can be hard to know how to act. Not to worry. Concerts are no weirder than any other pastime, and the rules of behavior are much simpler and easier to understand than, say, the stock market, football, or system software upgrades. If you haven’t been to a live concert before, or if you’ve been baffled by concerts, this guide will explain the rigmarole so you can relax and enjoy the music. 2. THE LISTENER'S JOB DESCRIPTION Classical music concerts can seem intimidating. It seems like you have to know a lot. -
FOOTBALL CROWD BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES to a UNIVERSITY MARCHING BAND's MUSICAL PROMPTS by AMANDA L. SMITH a THESIS Presented To
FOOTBALL CROWD BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES TO A UNIVERSITY MARCHING BAND’S MUSICAL PROMPTS by AMANDA L. SMITH A THESIS Presented to the School of Music and Dance and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music June 2018 THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Student: Amanda L. Smith Title: Football Crowd Behavioral Responses to a University Marching Band’s Musical Prompts This thesis has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Music degree in the School of Music and Dance by: Dr. Eric Wiltshire Chair Dr. Melissa Brunkan Member Dr. Beth Wheeler Member and Sara D. Hodges Interim Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2018. ii © 2018 Amanda L. Smith iii THESIS ABSTRACT Amanda L. Smith Master of Music School of Music and Dance June 2018 Title: Football Crowd Behavioral Responses to a University Marching Band’s Musical Prompts Decades of market research have investigated how music can influence consumer purchase, food consumption, and alcoholic drinking. Before market researchers declared music an influencer of atmospheric perception, sociologists discovered the sway of music on crowd collective action in sporting events, political rallies, and societal unrest. There remains a lack of research on how live music may influence football fan behavior during a game. Therefore, this study observed the number of behavioral responses from university students elicited by a university marching band’s music prompts (N = 11) at an American university football game. -
Classical Music Consumer Segmentation Study How Americans Relate to Classical Music and Their Local Orchestras Commissioned by 15 American Orchestras and the John S
Classical Music Consumer Segmentation Study How Americans Relate to Classical Music and Their Local Orchestras Commissioned by 15 American Orchestras and the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation INSIDE THE CULTURAL Consumer’s Mind Classical Music Consumer Segmentation Study Final Report FINAL REPORT Classical Music Consumer Segmentation Study How Americans Relate to Classical Music and Their Local Orchestras October 2002 Commissioned by the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation and 15 American Orchestras: Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra Charlotte Symphony Orchestra Colorado Symphony Association Detroit Symphony Orchestra Hall Fort Wayne Philharmonic Orchestra Kansas City Symphony Long Beach Symphony Association Louisiana Philharmonic Orchestra New World Symphony Oregon Symphony Association The Philadelphia Orchestra Association Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra Symphony Society of San Antonio Wichita Symphony Society © 2002 Audience Insight LLC Page 1 Classical Music Consumer Segmentation Study Final Report ABOUT The Study Abstract Orchestras are adrift in a sea of classical music consumers who rarely, if ever, attend live orchestra concerts. With more than 25,000 interviews with potential classical consumers and orchestra ticket buyers in 15 cities, the Classical Music Consumer Segmentation Study offers a sweeping view of an art form in transition and an orchestra field increasingly detached from its potential customers. The study paints a detailed picture of how consumers fit classical music into their lives — listening to classical radio and recordings in their automobiles and homes, and attending live concerts in churches, schools and traditional concert venues. Roughly 10 percent to 15 percent of Americans have what might be termed a close or moderately close relationship with classical music, and again as many have weaker ties. -
Paul Mccartney, 1980-1999
Paul McCartney from Wings through the 90's McCartney II Columbia FC‐36511 May 21, 1980 About ten years after recording McCartney by himself, Paul got several songs together and recorded them‐‐again alone‐‐on somewhat of a lark. Then Paul embarked on his ill‐fated 1980 tour of Japan (which resulted in his being jailed for drug possession). After returning to the safety of his own home, he was urged to release the album, and he did. The album contrasts well with McCartney, for this second production contains numerous instruments and electronic tricks that were not present on the 1970 release. Side One is particularly interesting. The solo version of "Coming Up" is followed by the fun track, "Temporary Secretary" (released as a single in England). The almost‐lament, "On the Way," is then succeeded by "Waterfalls," Paul's second (US) single from the album. "Bogey Music," from Side Two, is also a standout. John Lennon heard a song from McCartney II and thought that Paul sounded sad. When the album was released in the US, a bonus one‐sided single ‐‐ the hit version of "Coming Up"‐‐was included with the LP. This hit was enough to propel the album to the #3 position on the charts, during a time when disco was now on the wane. "Waterfalls" Columbia 1‐11335 Jul. 22, 1980 The lovely ballad about protectiveness was one of the standouts from McCartney II. After "Coming Up," it received the most airplay and the most positive response from Paul's friends. As a single, though, the song fared poorly, only reaching #83...one of Paul's worst showings to date. -
Doctoral of Musical Arts Degree Band Conducting
DOCTORAL OF MUSICAL ARTS DEGREE BAND CONDUCTING Course Checklist □ 72 post baccalaureate semester hours completed □ Residency requirement satisfied (2 semesters of 9 s.h., or 3 semesters of 6 s.h. while holding at least a 25% assistantship) A. General Music Requirements (20 s.h.) □ 025:321 Introduction to Graduate Study in Music (2 s.h.) Music Theory: 9 s.h. (up to 6 s.h. can be counted from the master’s degree, upon written approval of the Associate Director for Graduate Studies) □ 025:240 Analytical Techniques (unless exempt through advisory exam) (3 s.h.) Students exempted from 025:240 through the advisory examination in music theory must substitute an additional theory elective from the following: □ 025:145 Counterpoint before 1600 (3 s.h.) □ 025:147 Counterpoint after 1600 (3 s.h) □ 025:247 Post-Tonal Analysis (3 s.h.) □ 025:249 Tonal Analysis (3 s.h.) □ 025:256 Special Topics in Theory and Analysis (3 s.h.) Electives chosen from the following courses: □ 025:145 Counterpoint before 1600 (3 s.h.) □ 025:147 Counterpoint after 1600 (3 s.h.) □ 025:241 History of Music Theory I (3 s.h.) □ 025:242 History of Music Theory II (3 s.h.) □ 025:247 Post-Tonal Analysis (3 s.h.) □ 025:249 Tonal Analysis (3 s.h.) □ 025:256 Special Topics in Theory and Analysis (3 s.h.) □ 025:311 Advanced Post-Tonal Theory and Analysis (3 s.h.) □ 025:312 Advanced Tonal Theory and Analysis (3 s.h.) Music History: 9 s.h. (up to 6 s.h. can be counted from the Master’s Degree, upon written approval of the Associate Director for Graduate Studies) □ 025:301 Advanced History -
Introduction to Music Technology
PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF EDISON TOWNSHIP DIVISION OF CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTION INTRODUCTION TO MUSIC TECHNOLOGY Length of Course: Semester (Full Year) Elective / Required: Elective Schools: High Schools Student Eligibility: Grade 9-12 Credit Value: 5 credits Date Approved: September 24, 2012 Introduction to Music Technology TABLE OF CONTENTS Statement of Purpose ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 Course Objectives ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Unit 1: Introduction to Music Technology Course and Lab ------------------------------------9 Unit 2: Legal and Ethical Issues In Digital Music -----------------------------------------------11 Unit 3: Basic Projects: Mash-ups and Podcasts ------------------------------------------------13 Unit 4: The Science of Sound & Sound Transmission ----------------------------------------14 Unit 5: Sound Reproduction – From Edison to MP3 ------------------------------------------16 Unit 6: Electronic Composition – Tools For The Musician -----------------------------------18 Unit 7: Pro Tools ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20 Unit 8: Matching Sight to Sound: Video & Film -------------------------------------------------22 APPENDICES A Performance Assessments B Course Texts and Supplemental Materials C Technology/Website References D Arts -
The Classical Period
The Classical Period 1750-1820 (1825) 1 Historical Themes Industrial Revolution Age of Enlightenment Violent political and social upheaval Culture 2 Industrial Revolution Steam engine changed the nature of European life Move to a more urban society Time of great growth and economic prosperity 3 Age of Enlightenment Emphasis on the natural rights of people Ability of humans to shape their own environment All established ideas were being reexamined, including the existence of God. 4 Violent political & social upheaval Seven Years’ War American Revolution French Revolution Napoleonic Wars Power shifted from aristocracy and church to the middle class Social mobility increased 5 Culture France was the leading cultural center of the continent (esp. fashion-Paris) Austria (Vienna) & Germany were the centers of musical growth Improved economic conditions led to more people seeking “luxury” Music was viewed as “an innocent luxury” Demand for new compositions was great 6 The Classical Style 7 Characteristics Contrast of Mood Rhythm Simpler textures Simpler melodies Dynamics 8 Contrast of Mood Large thematic and tonal contrasts unlike the single-mood compositions of the Baroque Dramatic, turbulent might lead to carefree, dance-like Change could be sudden or gradual 9 Rhythm Flexibility of rhythm adds variety Many rhythmic patterns unlike repetitive rhythms of the Baroque Unexpected pauses, syncopations, frequent changes from long notes to shorter notes Change could be sudden or gradual 10 Simpler textures Homophonic unlike the polyphony of the late Baroque Change from one texture to the next could be sudden or gradual 11 Simpler melodies Tuneful, easy to remember unlike the complex, ornamented melodies of the Baroque Mozart-“Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star” Melodies were balanced and symmetrical (2 phrases of same length) like “Mary Had a Little Lamb” 12 Dynamics Expressing shades of emotions led to gradual dynamic changes Crescendo and decrescendo vs.