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Federal Register/Vol. 70, No. 42/Friday, March 4, 2005
Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 42 / Friday, March 4, 2005 / Notices 10677 Drug Schedule Drug Schedule Therefore, pursuant to 21 U.S.C. 823, and in accordance with 21 CFR 1301.33, Cathinone (1235) .......................... I Alpha-Methylfentanyl (9814) ........ I the above named company is granted Methcathinone (1237) .................. I Acetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl I registration as a bulk manufacturer of N-Ethylamphetamine (1475) ........ I (9815). the basic classes of controlled N,N-Dimethylamphetamine (1480) I Beta-hydroxyfentanyl (9830) ........ I substances listed. Aminorex (1585) ........................... I Beta-hydroxy-3-methylfentanyl I 4-7Methylaminorex (cis isomer) I (9831). Dated: Febuary 22, 2005. (1590). Alpha-Methylthiofentanyl (9832) ... I William J. Walker, Gamma hydroxybutyric acid I 3–Methylthiofentanyl (9833) ......... I Deputy Assistant Administrator, Office of Thiofentanyl (9835) ...................... I (2010). Diversion Control, Drug Enforcement Amphetamine (1100) .................... II Methaqualone (2565) ................... I Administration. Alpha-Ethyltryptamine (7249) ....... I Methamphetamine (1105) ............ II Lysergic acid diethylamide (7315) I Phenmetrazine (1631) .................. II [FR Doc. 05–4205 Filed 3–3–05; 8:45 am] Tetrahydrocannabinols (7370) ..... I Methylphenidate (1724) ................ II BILLING CODE 4410–09–P Mescaline (7381) .......................... I Ambobarbital (2125) ..................... II 3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine I Pentobarbital (2270) ..................... II (7390). -
Did Internet-Purchased Diet Pills Cause Serotonin Syndrome?
Did Internet-purchased diet pills cause serotonin syndrome? Phentermine also may have increased patient’s neuroleptic malignant syndrome risk s. G, age 28, presents to a tertiary® careDowden hospital Health Media with altered mental status. Six weeks ago she Mstarted taking phentermine, 37.5 mg/d, to lose weight. Her body mass indexCopyright is 24 kg/mFor2 (normal personal range), use only and she obtained the stimulant agent via the Internet. Her family reports Ms. G was very busy in the past week, staying up until 2 AM cleaning. They say she also was irritable with her 5-year-old son. Two days ago, Ms. G complained of fatigue and nausea without emesis. She went to bed early and did not awaken the next morning. Her sister found her in bed, minimally re- DIONISI sponsive to verbal stimuli, and brought her to the hospital. Patients have used phentermine as a weight-reducing IMAGES/SANDRA GETTY agent since the FDA approved this amphetamine-like © compound in 1960.1 Phentermine’s mechanism of ac- tion is thought to involve dopaminergic, noradrenergic, Kyoung Bin Im, MD and serotonergic effects.2 Stimulation of norepineph- Chief resident Internal medicine and psychiatry combined residency program rine (NE) release is its most potent effect, followed Departments of internal medicine and psychiatry by NE reuptake inhibition, stimulation of dopamine Jess G. Fiedorowicz, MD (DA) release, DA reuptake inhibition, stimulation of Associate in psychiatry serotonin (5-HT) release, and 5-HT reuptake inhibition Department of psychiatry (weak).3 Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine Because phentermine could in theory cause serotonin 4 University of Iowa syndrome, its use is contraindicated with monoamine Iowa City oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and not recommended with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).5 One case report describes an interaction between fl uox- etine and phentermine that appears consistent with se- rotonin syndrome.6 We are aware of no case reports of Current Psychiatry serotonin syndrome caused by phentermine alone. -
SENATE BILL No. 259 No
SENATE BILL No. 259 SENATE BILL No. 259 March 10, 2011, Introduced by Senators JONES, CASPERSON and SCHUITMAKER and referred to the Committee on Judiciary. A bill to amend 1978 PA 368, entitled "Public health code," by amending section 7212 (MCL 333.7212), as amended by 2010 PA 171. THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN ENACT: 1 Sec. 7212. (1) The following controlled substances are 2 included in schedule 1: 3 (a) Any of the following opiates, including their isomers, 4 esters, the ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and 5 ethers, unless specifically excepted, when the existence of these 6 isomers, esters, ethers, and salts is possible within the 7 specific chemical designation: SENATE BILL No. 259 00981'11 TLG 2 1 Acetylmethadol Difenoxin Noracymethadol 2 Allylprodine Dimenoxadol Norlevorphanol 3 Alpha-acetylmethadol Dimepheptanol Normethadone 4 Alphameprodine Dimethylthiambutene Norpipanone 5 Alphamethadol Dioxaphetyl butyrate Phenadoxone 6 Benzethidine Dipipanone Phenampromide 7 Betacetylmethadol Ethylmethylthiambutene Phenomorphan 8 Betameprodine Etonitazene Phenoperidine 9 Betamethadol Etoxeridine Piritramide 10 Betaprodine Furethidine Proheptazine 11 Clonitazene Hydroxypethidine Properidine 12 Dextromoramide Ketobemidone Propiram 13 Diampromide Levomoramide Racemoramide 14 Diethylthiambutene Levophenacylmorphan Trimeperidine 15 Morpheridine 16 (b) Any of the following opium derivatives, their salts, 17 isomers, and salts of isomers, unless specifically excepted, when 18 the existence of these salts, isomers, and salts of -
3,4-Methylenedioxymethcathinone (Methylone) [“Bath Salt,” Bk-MDMA, MDMC, MDMCAT, “Explosion,” “Ease,” “Molly”] December 2019
Drug Enforcement Administration Diversion Control Division Drug & Chemical Evaluation Section 3,4-Methylenedioxymethcathinone (Methylone) [“Bath salt,” bk-MDMA, MDMC, MDMCAT, “Explosion,” “Ease,” “Molly”] December 2019 Introduction: discriminate DOM from saline. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethcathinone (methylone) is a Because of the structural and pharmacological similarities designer drug of the phenethylamine class. Methylone is a between methylone and MDMA, the psychoactive effects, adverse synthetic cathinone with substantial chemical, structural, and health risks, and signs of intoxication resulting from methylone pharmacological similarities to 3,4-methylenedioxymeth- abuse are likely to be similar to those of MDMA. Several chat amphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy). Animal studies indicate that rooms discussed pleasant and positive effects of methylone when methylone has MDMA-like and (+)-amphetamine-like used for recreational purpose. behavioral effects. When combined with mephedrone, a controlled schedule I substance, the combination is called User Population: “bubbles.” Other names are given in the above title. Methylone, like other synthetic cathinones, is a recreational drug that emerged on the United States’ illicit drug market in 2009. It is perceived as being a ‘legal’ alternative to drugs of Licit Uses: Methylone is not approved for medical use in the United abuse like MDMA, methamphetamine, and cocaine. Evidence States. indicates that youths and young adults are the primary users of synthetic cathinone substances which include methylone. However, older adults also have been identified as users of these Chemistry: substances. O H O N CH3 Illicit Distribution: CH O 3 Law enforcement has encountered methylone in the United States as well as in several countries including the Netherlands, Methylone United Kingdom, Japan, and Sweden. -
(19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub
US 20130289061A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0289061 A1 Bhide et al. (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 31, 2013 (54) METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS TO Publication Classi?cation PREVENT ADDICTION (51) Int. Cl. (71) Applicant: The General Hospital Corporation, A61K 31/485 (2006-01) Boston’ MA (Us) A61K 31/4458 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. (72) Inventors: Pradeep G. Bhide; Peabody, MA (US); CPC """"" " A61K31/485 (201301); ‘4161223011? Jmm‘“ Zhu’ Ansm’ MA. (Us); USPC ......... .. 514/282; 514/317; 514/654; 514/618; Thomas J. Spencer; Carhsle; MA (US); 514/279 Joseph Biederman; Brookline; MA (Us) (57) ABSTRACT Disclosed herein is a method of reducing or preventing the development of aversion to a CNS stimulant in a subject (21) App1_ NO_; 13/924,815 comprising; administering a therapeutic amount of the neu rological stimulant and administering an antagonist of the kappa opioid receptor; to thereby reduce or prevent the devel - . opment of aversion to the CNS stimulant in the subject. Also (22) Flled' Jun‘ 24’ 2013 disclosed is a method of reducing or preventing the develop ment of addiction to a CNS stimulant in a subj ect; comprising; _ _ administering the CNS stimulant and administering a mu Related U‘s‘ Apphcatlon Data opioid receptor antagonist to thereby reduce or prevent the (63) Continuation of application NO 13/389,959, ?led on development of addiction to the CNS stimulant in the subject. Apt 27’ 2012’ ?led as application NO_ PCT/US2010/ Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising 045486 on Aug' 13 2010' a central nervous system stimulant and an opioid receptor ’ antagonist. -
Precursors and Chemicals Frequently Used in the Illicit Manufacture Of
40 INCB REPORT ON PRECURSORS 2019 • 2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde, a precursor for 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DMA), brolamfetamine IV. Article 13 of the (DOB) and the 2C-series of controlled psychotropic substances, as well as for new psychoactive substances, 1988 Convention as reported by the Netherlands (5 kg) and Belgium (1 kg). a complementary tool in addressing • 4-Methoxy-P-2-P, a precursor of para-methoxy- alpha-methylphenethylamine (PMA) and para- illicit drug methoxymethylamphetamine (PMMA), reported by Spain (52 kg). manufacture 226. Through PICS, incidents involving 2-bromo- 4’-chloropropiophenone, a precursor of various 4-chloro- 229. The clandestine manufacture of narcotic drugs and substituted cathinone derivatives, such as 4-CMC psychotropic substances, new psychoactive substances and (clephedrone), were communicated. Luxembourg seized precursors is not possible without the input of chemicals, 500 kg of the substance in August 2018. The consignment materials and equipment. While the control of chemicals was confiscated because both the supplier and the con- has long been a focus of the authorities worldwide, pursu- signee were already known in connection with shipments ant to the provisions in article 12 of the 1988 Convention, of other precursors of new psychoactive substances. It much less attention has been given to equipment and originated in India, transited Qatar, Luxembourg and materials and article 13 of that Convention, which pro- Germany and was destined for a consignee in Poland. A vides a basis for international action and cooperation in consignment of 300 kg of the substance was confiscated by such control efforts (see box 5). customs authorities in Germany in December 2018. -
Pharmacology and Toxicology of Amphetamine and Related Designer Drugs
Pharmacology and Toxicology of Amphetamine and Related Designer Drugs U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES • Public Health Service • Alcohol Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration Pharmacology and Toxicology of Amphetamine and Related Designer Drugs Editors: Khursheed Asghar, Ph.D. Division of Preclinical Research National Institute on Drug Abuse Errol De Souza, Ph.D. Addiction Research Center National Institute on Drug Abuse NIDA Research Monograph 94 1989 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration National Institute on Drug Abuse 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402 Pharmacology and Toxicology of Amphetamine and Related Designer Drugs ACKNOWLEDGMENT This monograph is based upon papers and discussion from a technical review on pharmacology and toxicology of amphetamine and related designer drugs that took place on August 2 through 4, 1988, in Bethesda, MD. The review meeting was sponsored by the Biomedical Branch, Division of Preclinical Research, and the Addiction Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse. COPYRIGHT STATUS The National Institute on Drug Abuse has obtained permission from the copyright holders to reproduce certain previously published material as noted in the text. Further reproduction of this copyrighted material is permitted only as part of a reprinting of the entire publication or chapter. For any other use, the copyright holder’s permission is required. All other matieral in this volume except quoted passages from copyrighted sources is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced without permission from the Institute or the authors. -
18 Chapter 1631
18 Gas chromatography S Dawling, S Jickells and A Negrusz Introduction . 469 Quantitative determinations . 505 Gas chromatography Optimising operation conditions to columns . 470 customise applications . 506 Inlet systems . 483 Specific applications. 508 Detector systems . 493 References . 510 Specimen preparation . 498 Further reading . 511 Introduction When a mixture of substances is injected at the inlet, each component partitions between the Gas chromatography (GC) is applicable to a wide stationary phase and the gas phase as it is swept range of compounds of interest to toxicologists, towards the detector. Molecules that have greater pharmaceutical and industrial chemists, envir- affinity for the stationary phase spend more time onmentalists and clinicians. Adsorption GC was in that phase and consequently take longer to developed by a German scientist, Fritz Prior, in reach the detector. The detector produces a the late 1940s. In the early 1950s Archer J. P. signal proportional to the amount of substance Martin and Richard L. M. Synge, two scientists that passes through it, and this signal is from the UK, invented partition chromatog- processed and fed to an integrator or some other raphy, for which they received the Nobel Prize in recording device. Each substance that elutes chemistry in 1952. This marks a true beginning from the column has a characteristic retention of GC as a broadly used analytical technique. If time, defined as the time interval from injection a compound has sufficient volatility for its mo- to peak detector response. Figure 18.1 shows a lecules to be in the gas or vapour phase at or schematic of a GC system. -
The Effects of Aminorex and Related Compounds on Brain Monoamines and Metabolites in CBA Mice
I p_._rmPharmac0l. 1997, 49:89-96 © 1997 J. Phann. Pharmacol. ._, A R_ce;vedMr.,' 29, 1996 AcceptedJuly 4, 1996 The Effects of Aminorex and Related Compounds on Brain Monoamines and Metabolites in CBA Mice YIWEN ZHENO, BRUCE RUSSELL, DAVID SCHMIERER* AND RICHARDLAVERTY Department of Pharmacology and *School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand Abstract Acute and long-term neurochemical effects of aminorex, an appetite-suppressing drug related to amphetamine in chemical structure, and stereoisomers of its analogues were examined and compared with those of 3,4- methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA) and fenfluramine. Aminorex and its analogues, with exception of 4S, 5S-dimethylaminorex, did not cause the long-term neurotransmitter depletion in either the dopaminergic or 5-HT-ergic systems that was observed after MDMA or fenfluramine in CBA mice. These results are discussed in terms of possible structurally related mechanisms of neurotoxicity. The acute neurochemical effects showed that aminorex and analogues all produced increases in 5- hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels, unlike fenfiuramine and MDMA in the present study or in published data. This suggests that inhibition of 5-HT metabolism, rather than direct 5-HT release, may be involved in their anorectic effect. The parallel study of acute doparnine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) changes suggest that in CBA mice MDMA may he a better doparnine releaser and this may contribute to its dopaminergic neurotoxicity. However the ability to release doparnine or 5-HT, or both, may be important, but not the only factor involved in causing the long-term neurotoxicity observed with amphetamine derivatives. -
Annex 2B Tariff Schedule of the United States See General Notes to Annex 2B for Staging Explanation HTSUS No
Annex 2B Tariff Schedule of the United States See General Notes to Annex 2B for Staging Explanation HTSUS No. Description Base Rate Staging 0101 Live horses, asses, mules and hinnies: 0101.10.00 -Purebred breeding animals Free E 0101.90 -Other: 0101.90.10 --Horses Free E 0101.90.20 --Asses 6.8% B --Mules and hinnies: 0101.90.30 ---Imported for immediate slaughter Free E 0101.90.40 ---Other 4.5% A 0102 Live bovine animals: 0102.10.00 -Purebred breeding animals Free E 0102.90 -Other: 0102.90.20 --Cows imported specially for dairy purposes Free E 0102.90.40 --Other 1 cent/kg A 0103 Live swine: 0103.10.00 -Purebred breeding animals Free E -Other: 0103.91.00 --Weighing less than 50 kg each Free E 0103.92.00 --Weighing 50 kg or more each Free E 0104 Live sheep and goats: 0104.10.00 -Sheep Free E 0104.20.00 -Goats 68 cents/head A 0105 Live poultry of the following kinds: Chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys and guineas: -Weighing not more than 185 g: 0105.11.00 --Chickens 0.9 cents each A 0105.12.00 --Turkeys 0.9 cents each A 0105.19.00 --Other 0.9 cents each A -Other: 0105.92.00 --Chickens, weighing not more than 2,000 g 2 cents/kg A 0105.93.00 --Chickens, weighing more than 2,000 g 2 cents/kg A 0105.99.00 --Other 2 cents/kg A 0106 Other live animals: -Mammals: 0106.11.00 --Primates Free E 0106.12.00 --Whales, dolphins and porpoises (mammals of the order Cetacea); manatees and dugongs (mammals of the order Sirenia) Free E 0106.19 --Other: 2B-Schedule-1 HTSUS No. -
Recommended Methods for the Identification and Analysis Of
Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26060-0, Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5866, www.unodc.org RECOMMENDED METHODS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF AMPHETAMINE, METHAMPHETAMINE AND THEIR RING-SUBSTITUTED ANALOGUES IN SEIZED MATERIALS (revised and updated) MANUAL FOR USE BY NATIONAL DRUG TESTING LABORATORIES Laboratory and Scientific Section United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Vienna RECOMMENDED METHODS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF AMPHETAMINE, METHAMPHETAMINE AND THEIR RING-SUBSTITUTED ANALOGUES IN SEIZED MATERIALS (revised and updated) MANUAL FOR USE BY NATIONAL DRUG TESTING LABORATORIES UNITED NATIONS New York, 2006 Note Mention of company names and commercial products does not imply the endorse- ment of the United Nations. This publication has not been formally edited. ST/NAR/34 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. E.06.XI.1 ISBN 92-1-148208-9 Acknowledgements UNODC’s Laboratory and Scientific Section wishes to express its thanks to the experts who participated in the Consultative Meeting on “The Review of Methods for the Identification and Analysis of Amphetamine-type Stimulants (ATS) and Their Ring-substituted Analogues in Seized Material” for their contribution to the contents of this manual. Ms. Rosa Alis Rodríguez, Laboratorio de Drogas y Sanidad de Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Spain Dr. Hans Bergkvist, SKL—National Laboratory of Forensic Science, Linköping, Sweden Ms. Warank Boonchuay, Division of Narcotics Analysis, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand Dr. Rainer Dahlenburg, Bundeskriminalamt/KT34, Wiesbaden, Germany Mr. Adrian V. Kemmenoe, The Forensic Science Service, Birmingham Laboratory, Birmingham, United Kingdom Dr. Tohru Kishi, National Research Institute of Police Science, Chiba, Japan Dr. -
Drugs of Abuseon September Archived 13-10048 No
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION WWW.DEA.GOV 9, 2014 on September archived 13-10048 No. v. Stewart, in U.S. cited Drugs of2011 Abuse EDITION A DEA RESOURCE GUIDE V. Narcotics WHAT ARE NARCOTICS? Also known as “opioids,” the term "narcotic" comes from the Greek word for “stupor” and originally referred to a variety of substances that dulled the senses and relieved pain. Though some people still refer to all drugs as “narcot- ics,” today “narcotic” refers to opium, opium derivatives, and their semi-synthetic substitutes. A more current term for these drugs, with less uncertainty regarding its meaning, is “opioid.” Examples include the illicit drug heroin and pharmaceutical drugs like OxyContin®, Vicodin®, codeine, morphine, methadone and fentanyl. WHAT IS THEIR ORIGIN? The poppy papaver somniferum is the source for all natural opioids, whereas synthetic opioids are made entirely in a lab and include meperidine, fentanyl, and methadone. Semi-synthetic opioids are synthesized from naturally occurring opium products, such as morphine and codeine, and include heroin, oxycodone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone. Teens can obtain narcotics from friends, family members, medicine cabinets, pharmacies, nursing 2014 homes, hospitals, hospices, doctors, and the Internet. 9, on September archived 13-10048 No. v. Stewart, in U.S. cited What are common street names? Street names for various narcotics/opioids include: ➔ Hillbilly Heroin, Lean or Purple Drank, OC, Ox, Oxy, Oxycotton, Sippin Syrup What are their forms? Narcotics/opioids come in various forms including: ➔ T ablets, capsules, skin patches, powder, chunks in varying colors (from white to shades of brown and black), liquid form for oral use and injection, syrups, suppositories, lollipops How are they abused? ➔ Narcotics/opioids can be swallowed, smoked, sniffed, or injected.