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Multiple System Atrophy: Essential Facts for Patients

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Multiple System Atrophy: Essential Facts for Patients Multiple System Atrophy: Essential Facts for Patients No single test can confirm the diagnosis. The only definite way to WHAT IS IT? confirm the diagnosis of MSA is by doing an autopsy and looking Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) is a rare disorder that affects the at the brain tissue. functioning of multiple systems in the brain. Some of these are involved in the control of movement, balance and coordination, IS THERE A TREATMENT? while others ensure blood pressure, bladder, bowel and sexual There are currently no treatments to cure, slow down or reverse function. MSA. However, some medications and physical therapies may Patients may experience: help your symptoms. • Slowness of movement, muscle stiffness and/or shaking/tremor • Parkinson-like symptoms of slowness, stiffness, and tremor • Problems with balance and coordination may improve with medications typically used for PD. • Feeling lightheaded or dizzy while standing • Low blood pressure when moving into a sitting or standing • Problems controlling bladder function and constipation position (orthostatic hypotension) may improve by avoiding MSA is one type of Atypical Parkinsonism. Atypical triggers like alcohol, dehydration, and heat or hot temperatures. Parkinsonism, also called Parkinson-plus syndrome, is when the You may need to adjust or stop medications for other illnesses, patient has some of the main features of Parkinson’s disease (PD) especially those that might lower blood pressure. Doctors may such as slowness of movement, muscle stiffness and/or shaking/ advise increasing water and salt intake or using abdominal tremor, as well as some other features. Patients with slowness, bandages or pressure stockings. In addition, specific muscle stiffness or shaking may resemble patients with PD and medications may help increase blood pressure. Stable blood are called MSA-P. Patients who have more difficulty with balance pressure helps you avoid unsteadiness, lightheadedness, and and coordination are called MSA-C. dizziness that contribute to falling or balance problems. These disorders were formerly known as: • For bladder and bowel problems, options include • MSA: Shy-Drager syndrome medications, regular toileting, bladder training, and • MSA-P: striatonigral degeneration (SND) catheterization. • MSA-C: sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) • Drooling can be treated with medications and botulinum toxin WHO GETS MSA? injections into the saliva glands. MSA affects men and women equally. MSA usually begins • Overall health may also benefit from physical therapy, between the age of 50 and 60. MSA is considered rare and affects occupational therapy, or speech and swallowing therapy. around three to four people in every 100,000. WHAT CAN I EXPECT AS I LIVE WITH MSA? WHAT IS THE CAUSE? Over time, symptoms increase and treatments become less The cause is unknown. MSA is associated with accumulation of a effective. You may experience difficulties using utensils, protein in the brain called alpha-synuclein that clumps up in swallowing solid food or liquids, walking and controlling bladder different cell types and can be seen in a brain autopsy. The cause or bowels. of this clumping is unknown. MSA has been described in a few In advanced stages, MSA patients have increased risk of families, but is currently not considered a hereditary disease. infections. Bladder symptoms can lead to urinary tract infections. MSA is not contagious or spread from person to person. Swallowing problems increase the risk of pneumonia. Overall, long-term care planning may be needed as the disease progresses. HOW IS MSA DIAGNOSED? A diagnosis may not be clear at first. MSA is usually diagnosed based on symptoms and physical examination findings. Tests may include brain MRI scan, bladder tests, and testing for blood pressure changes, including the table tilt-test. International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society 555 East Well Street, Suite 1100 • Milwaukee, WI 53202 • +1 414-276-2145 • www.movementdisorders.org MDS-0416-667.
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