Systémy Cad a Jejich Srovnání S Ohledem Na Výuku Technické Grafiky Na Základní Škole

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Systémy Cad a Jejich Srovnání S Ohledem Na Výuku Technické Grafiky Na Základní Škole MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA V BRNĚ PEDAGOGICKÁ FAKULTA KATEDRA TECHNICKÉ A INFORMAČNÍ VÝCHOVY SYSTÉMY CAD A JEJICH SROVNÁNÍ S OHLEDEM NA VÝUKU TECHNICKÉ GRAFIKY NA ZÁKLADNÍ ŠKOLE BAKALÁŘSKÁ PRÁCE Havlíčkův Brod 2013 VEDOUCÍ PRÁCE: Ing. Zdeněk Hodis, Ph.D AUTOR PRÁCE: Adam Dolejš strana | ii Abstrakt Tato bakalářská práce by měla čtenáře seznámit se softwarem typu CAD a převážně jeho využitím ve školství. V práci bude ukázáno několik typů komerčních i freewarových programů, popsáno jak s nimi pracovat a jaké jsou mezi nimi rozdíly. V textu budou rozebrány funkce, užití, styl zobrazení, přehlednost panelů či vzhled pracovní plochy. V přílohách práce budou poté představeny vybrané CAD programy, včetně ukázek práce s nimi. Klíčová slova Konstruování, technické kreslení, CAD, AutoCAD, ProgeCAD, 2D CAD, technický výkres, licence, porovnání strana | iii Abstract This thesis should familiarise the readers with the CAD software and highlight its significance in the educational. The thesis will introduce and compare several types of CAD software, both commercial and freeware. These will be described with regard to their features, use, visual style, user-friendliness, and workspace layout. In addition, by the means of practical demonstrations, the readers will be given an opportunity to become acquainted with a specific CAD program. Key words Design, technical drawing, CAD, AutoCAD, ProgeCAD, 2D CAD, license, comparison strana | iv Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou práci vypracoval samostatně, a to pouze za použití citovaných pramenů, dalších informací a zdrojů v souladu s Disciplinárním řádem pro studenty Pedagogické fakulty Masarykovy univerzity a se zákonem č. 121/2000 Sb., o právu autorském, o právech souvisejících s právem autorským a o změně některých zákonů (autorský zákon), ve znění pozdějších předpisů. V Havlíčkově Brodě Adam Dolejš dne strana | v Poděkování Tímto bych rád poděkoval vedoucímu mé bakalářské práce Ing. Zdeňku Hodisovi, Ph.D. za cenné rady, poznámky a připomínky. Taktéž za čas, jenž mi věnoval. Dále chci poděkovat pracovníkům softwarových společností za podané informace. A v neposlední řadě rodině a přátelům za zkoušku a korekturu přiložených výukových materiálů. strana | vi Obsah Úvod ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 1. Základy technického kreslení ................................................................................................. 10 1.1 Normalizace ........................................................................................................................ 11 1.2 Druhy výkresů .................................................................................................................... 12 1.3 Výkresové formáty ............................................................................................................. 12 1.4 Zobrazování na výkresu .................................................................................................... 14 1.5 Typy čar ............................................................................................................................... 16 1.6 Měřítko a technické písmo ................................................................................................ 17 2. Počítačová podpora konstruování .......................................................................................... 18 2.1 Počítačová grafika .............................................................................................................. 19 2.2 CAx systémy ....................................................................................................................... 19 2.3 Computer Aided Design ................................................................................................... 20 3. Systémy CAD ............................................................................................................................. 22 3.1 AutoCAD ............................................................................................................................. 22 3.1.1 Základní informace ........................................................................................................ 23 3.1.2 Dostupnost .................................................................................................................... 24 3.1.3 Novinky v AutoCAD verze 2012 ..................................................................................... 27 3.1.4 Ovládací prvky a nástroje .............................................................................................. 27 3.1.5 Základy tvorby výkresové dokumentace ....................................................................... 29 3.2 ProgeCAD ........................................................................................................................... 32 3.2.1. Dostupnost .................................................................................................................... 32 3.2.2. Ovládací prvky a nástroje .............................................................................................. 34 3.2.3. Základy tvorby výkresové dokumentace ....................................................................... 36 3.2.4. ProgeCAD 2013.............................................................................................................. 39 3.2.5. ProgeCAD vs. AutoCAD .................................................................................................. 40 3.3 CadStd .................................................................................................................................. 41 3.4 CamSketchpad .................................................................................................................... 42 3.5 AllyCAD .............................................................................................................................. 43 3.6 A9CAD ................................................................................................................................. 45 3.7 FelixCAD LT ....................................................................................................................... 46 strana | vii 3.8 Allplan ................................................................................................................................. 47 3.9 MicroStation ........................................................................................................................ 47 3.10 TurboCAD ........................................................................................................................... 48 3.11 ZwCAD ................................................................................................................................ 50 4. Porovnání zobrazených CAD softwarů ................................................................................ 53 5. Výukové materiály .................................................................................................................... 55 Závěr .................................................................................................................................................... 56 Použité zdroje .................................................................................................................................... 58 Přílohy ................................................................................................................................................. 60 strana | viii Úvod Bakalářská práce si klade za cíl reagovat na požadavky základních škol a potřeby jejich žáků i učitelů v oblasti počítačem podporovaného technického kreslení a konstruování. Rozebírány jsou převážně základní i mírně pokročilé funkce a nástroje CAD programů, jež jsou potřebné při výuce žáků v technickém kreslení. Programy i jejich verze se liší svými přídavky a novinkami. V práci jsou proto popsány ty funkce, které jsou nutné pro výuku 2D kreslení u žáků druhého stupně a jenž lze nalézt ve většině těchto programů. Shrnuta jsou cenová rozhraní a dostupnost daných programů. Pro mnoho škol i jednotlivců je výběr vhodného programu často obtížný. Tato práce by měla sloužit jako pomůcka pro učitele základní školy, jenž by chtěl do své výuky zahrnout i technické kreslení za pomocí počítačového softwaru. Po přečtení práce by se měl orientovat v nabídce CAD programů na českém trhu a měl by si z nich umět vybrat vhodné řešení. Práce je rozdělena do několika částí. V první části je obecně nahlíženo na technické kreslení, jeho základní pravidla, normy a správnou metodiku. Poté je zaměřena pozornost již na kreslení s podporou CAD programů, to co o nich potřebujeme znát, jejich funkce, nástroje a práci v nich. Je zde ukázáno základní prostředí, popsány postupy pro práci pomocí panelu kreslení, jako např. úsečky, kružnice, oblouky, zkosení, kóty a další. Podrobněji jsou popsány dva nejzákladnější programy, ukázán jednoduchý výkres a na něm postupy jak obrazec narýsovat. V další části následuje přehled volně dostupných programů pro technické kreslení i programů komerčních s ukázkou cenové politiky společností. V závěru práce je shrnuto vzájemné srovnání programů a předloženo doporučení pro výběr vhodného CAD softwaru pro výuku nejen technické grafiky na základních školách. K práci jsou připojeny dvě přílohy s ukázkami práce a postupů při vytváření konkrétních výrobků. Návody ukazují jak v programu AutoCAD a ProgeCAD vytvořit technický výkres za použití
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