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Brown Brothers Company [Catalog]
Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. V i ’ f fowe v'|f kM W ? - . / :1? 'M tl'• .Tf? INTRODUCTION N again presenting our revised General Catalogue, we desire to assure our agents and customers, that, in the future, the same careful business policy will be continued that has in many years past enabled us to increase from the smallest of plantings to the largest area of land under nursery cultiva- tion in the country. Our customers can be found in every part of every state and territory throughout the Union. Origin.—We began in a very small way. Two Our Grounds, Cellars and Packing Depart- young men, barely out of their teens, started ments.—Our office is located in the center of life as canvassers for fruit trees and shrubs BEOWN PAEK, a delightful suburb of the city. in New York and New England. They were The park proper comprises some 15 acres, on successful salesmen through sheer force of which will be seen during the season hundreds necessity. Within two years, a room was se- of varieties of roses and plants and specimens cured in Eochester and the business launched of about all of the more common varieties of by engaging a few men to canvass nearby trees, shrubs and conifers. A few hours spent towns. A couple of years later, with the steady on these grounds during the summer season is increase of business, an office was opened in time well spent, for here you will see many nat- Chicago and a nursery started in Canada. -
How to Raise Fruits / a Hand-Book of Fruit Culture
UMASS/AMHERST "^^f 31EDbbD0S15a5'^T TO i ^^^^SIEI HOW TO KAISE FRUITS. HOW TO RAISE FRUITS. A HAND-BOOK OP FRUIT CULTURE, BEING A GUIDE TO THE PROPER Cultitetian anb Panagemeiit at Jfrmt frets, AND OF ^ GRAPES AND SMALL FRUITS, CONDENSED DESCRIPTIONS OF MANY OF THE BEST AND MOST POPULAR VARIETIES. By THOMAS GREGG. FULLY ILLUSTRATED. NEW YORK: S. R. WELLS & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, 737 BROADWAY. 1880. 434. 2- Copyright, 1877, by 8. R. WELLS & COMPANY, — PREFACE The spirit said " Write ! " And I wrote. The re- sult is before the reader. If it shall be of any service to liini—well ; if not well. But there is hope that this little book—imperfect and faulty as a just criticism may find it to l)e—will be of some service to the fruit-eating and fruit-produc- ing public. If it shall in any wise aid those who don't now know how to choose, to plant, to cultivate, and to use the fniits of the earth, which the beneficent Cre- ator has so bounteously bestowed upon us, it will have fulfilled the mission designed for it by THE AUTHOR. yj%^^ CONTENTS. PART 1. Jfrtiit Culture in (Btixtx^l. CHAPTER T.—INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. rkua 1. The free use of Fruit as a common article of Food will greatly contribute to the Health of the People. 2. Fruit is a cheap article of Food. 3. The culture of good Fruit is profitable. 4. Fruit furnishes an amount of good living not otherwise attainable. 5. There is economy in the use of Fruit 9 CHAPTER II. -
Variety Description Origin Approximate Ripening Uses
Approximate Variety Description Origin Ripening Uses Yellow Transparent Tart, crisp Imported from Russia by USDA in 1870s Early July All-purpose Lodi Tart, somewhat firm New York, Early 1900s. Montgomery x Transparent. Early July Baking, sauce Pristine Sweet-tart PRI (Purdue Rutgers Illinois) release, 1994. Mid-late July All-purpose Dandee Red Sweet-tart, semi-tender New Ohio variety. An improved PaulaRed type. Early August Eating, cooking Redfree Mildly tart and crunchy PRI release, 1981. Early-mid August Eating Sansa Sweet, crunchy, juicy Japan, 1988. Akane x Gala. Mid August Eating Ginger Gold G. Delicious type, tangier G Delicious seedling found in Virginia, late 1960s. Mid August All-purpose Zestar! Sweet-tart, crunchy, juicy U Minn, 1999. State Fair x MN 1691. Mid August Eating, cooking St Edmund's Pippin Juicy, crisp, rich flavor From Bury St Edmunds, 1870. Mid August Eating, cider Chenango Strawberry Mildly tart, berry flavors 1850s, Chenango County, NY Mid August Eating, cooking Summer Rambo Juicy, tart, aromatic 16th century, Rambure, France. Mid-late August Eating, sauce Honeycrisp Sweet, very crunchy, juicy U Minn, 1991. Unknown parentage. Late Aug.-early Sept. Eating Burgundy Tart, crisp 1974, from NY state Late Aug.-early Sept. All-purpose Blondee Sweet, crunchy, juicy New Ohio apple. Related to Gala. Late Aug.-early Sept. Eating Gala Sweet, crisp New Zealand, 1934. Golden Delicious x Cox Orange. Late Aug.-early Sept. Eating Swiss Gourmet Sweet-tart, juicy Switzerland. Golden x Idared. Late Aug.-early Sept. All-purpose Golden Supreme Sweet, Golden Delcious type Idaho, 1960. Golden Delicious seedling Early September Eating, cooking Pink Pearl Sweet-tart, bright pink flesh California, 1944, developed from Surprise Early September All-purpose Autumn Crisp Juicy, slow to brown Golden Delicious x Monroe. -
Fruit Production Lake Constance 7.500 Ha Apples on German Side
. Fruit production Bodensee . Research Station KOB Dr. Manfred Büchele 1 Fruit production Lake Constance 7.500 ha apples on German side KOB Production Thurgau (CH) ca. 1.800 ha Starting modern production in 1960 Production ~ 8 000 ha 1 600 growers, ca. 800 part time 250.000 – 300.000 t table fruits (25-30 % of Germany) 3 Producer organizations 75% of sales 200 - 250 Mio € sales Problems • Plant protection: Scrab, Codling moth, fire blight etc. • High investments: 40% of cultivars with hailnets Advantages • Well educated and trained farmers • Good equipment, new modern cultivars • Additional income: Tourism, direct sale, industry • Support by Government (direct: 15 - 20% of income) • Production in the middle of consumers (50% of consumption) Production varieties Jonagold Elstar Golden Delicious Braeburn Gala Rest NEU Clubsorten Idared Rest Modern production Braeburn 2nd year 3,5 m x 0,8 m 10 t/ha Modern production Red Jonaprince 4th year 3,5 m x 0,8 m 68 t/ha Production for processing Low cost production Resistant varieties 12th year 4,5 m x 2,5 m 50 t/ha Modern CA-Storage for Apples Sorting size/colour by P.O. 40 % of harvest CA-storage Fruit production Lake Constance -Organization of sale- • Ca. 75 % organized sale of fruits (P.O.) • 3 P.O. mastered by farmers but with professional staff • Delivery retail and export centralized from 1 sales office • Quality management system from farm to sales point • High quality production with modern varieties, new orchards and best storage/sorting/packing equipment • New markets (varieties, organic production) No competition between famersErfolgskennzahlen or P.O. -
Apples Abound
APPLES ABOUND: FARMERS, ORCHARDS, AND THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPES OF AGRARIAN REFORM, 1820-1860 A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy John Henris May, 2009 APPLES ABOUND: FARMERS, ORCHARDS, AND THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPES OF AGRARIAN REFORM, 1820-1860 John Henris Dissertation Approved: Accepted: ____________________________ ____________________________ Advisor Department Chair Dr. Kevin Kern Dr. Michael M. Sheng ____________________________ ____________________________ Committee Member Dean of the College Dr. Lesley J. Gordon Dr. Chand Midha ____________________________ ____________________________ Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Kim M. Gruenwald Dr. George R. Newkome ____________________________ ____________________________ Committee Member Date Dr. Elizabeth Mancke ____________________________ Committee Member Dr. Randy Mitchell ____________________________ Committee Member Dr. Gregory Wilson ii ABSTRACT This dissertation argues that apple cultivation was invariably intertwined with, and shaped by, the seemingly discordant threads of scientific agricultural specialization, emigration, urbanization, sectionalism, moral reform, and regional identity in New England and Ohio prior to the American Civil War. As the temperance cause gained momentum during the 1820s many farmers abandoned their cider trees and transitioned to the cultivation of grafted winter apples in New England. In turn agricultural writers used -
Survey of Apple Clones in the United States
Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. 5 ARS 34-37-1 May 1963 A Survey of Apple Clones in the United States u. S. DFPT. OF AGRffini r U>2 4 L964 Agricultural Research Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PREFACE This publication reports on surveys of the deciduous fruit and nut clones being maintained at the Federal and State experiment stations in the United States. It will b- published in three c parts: I. Apples, II. Stone Fruit. , UI, Pears, Nuts, and Other Fruits. This survey was conducted at the request of the National Coor- dinating Committee on New Crops. Its purpose is to obtain an indication of the volume of material that would be involved in establishing clonal germ plasm repositories for the use of fruit breeders throughout the country. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Gratitude is expressed for the assistance of H. F. Winters of the New Crops Research Branch, Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, under whose direction the questionnaire was designed and initial distribution made. The author also acknowledges the work of D. D. Dolan, W. R. Langford, W. H. Skrdla, and L. A. Mullen, coordinators of the New Crops Regional Cooperative Program, through whom the data used in this survey were obtained from the State experiment stations. Finally, it is recognized that much extracurricular work was expended by the various experiment stations in completing the questionnaires. : CONTENTS Introduction 1 Germany 298 Key to reporting stations. „ . 4 Soviet Union . 302 Abbreviations used in descriptions .... 6 Sweden . 303 Sports United States selections 304 Baldwin. -
Market Analysis Apple
Market Potential Analysis for Regional Products in the Alpine Space Value Added Chain – Apple Market Potential Analysis for Regional Products in the Alpine Space Value Added Chain – Apple Bozen, 14.03.19 Verena Gramm, Sophia Dellantonio and Christian Hoffmann Institute for Regional Development Eurac Research On behalf of IDM-Innovation Development Marketing South Tyrol 0 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 4 2 METHODS ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Basic research .................................................................................................................................. 6 Validation and optimization of the market overview ........................................................................ 6 3 PRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Total production in the Alpine Space ................................................................................................ 7 National data Germany .................................................................................................................... 8 National data Austria ..................................................................................................................... 12 National data Italy ......................................................................................................................... -
Ontario Apple Growers
1 VISION Ontario Apples…a healthy consumer…a healthy industry. MISSION To foster a viable apple industry through advocacy with government and collaboration with partners for the health of consumers and the wealth of producers. 2 FIFTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE ONTARIO APPLE GROWERS Table of Contents CHAIR’S REPORT ................................................................................................................................................. 1 ACREAGE REVIEW............................................................................................................................................... 3 CROP ESTIMATE ................................................................................................................................................. 5 MARKETING REVIEW .......................................................................................................................................... 5 2018 OAG MEMBERSHIP .................................................................................................................................... 7 APPLE STATISTICS ............................................................................................................................................... 8 RISK MANAGEMENT ......................................................................................................................................... 15 PROMOTIONS .................................................................................................................................................. -
Growing in the Tree Fruits at Home Texas Hill Country
GROWING TREE FRUITS AT HOME IN THE TEXAS-- -- -- --- - HILL-- -- -- - COUNTRY AgriLIFE EXTENSION Texas A&M System (BY JOHN A. LIPE, DECEASED) CONTENTS Site Selection,Planting & Tree Care--1 Cherries----------11 Soils---------------------------1 Apples------------11 Planting Fruit Trees- ------ -.- -- -2 Pears-------------16 Caring for Fruit Trees----------3 Jujubes-----------17 Fruit Trees for the Hill Country-----4 Persimmons--------18 Peaches-------------------------4 Figs--------------19 Plums---------------------------9 Olives------------20 Apricots------------------------9 Pomegranates------20 Nectarines-----------------·----10 Nursery Sources-------20 SITE SELECTION, PLANTING AND TREE CARE Soils Fruit and nut trees require well-drained sandy, sandy loam or clay loam soils. Heavier clay soils that can readily be molded into a firm ball when moist are generally unsuitable. Soils high in calcium carbonate with caliche at or very near the surface are also generally unsuitable. Topsoil depth for fruit trees should be least 1 to 2 feet and near 5 feet for pecans. Shallow topsoil can be improved by terracing or mounding the topsoil and planting the trees on the elevated ridge or mound. Soil drainage is critical for good tree growth. Water drainage of a questionable soil can be checked by digging a post hole approximately 30 inches deep and filling it with water. That water should drain from the hole in less than 24 hours on a good site. Drainage in 24 to 48 hours indicates a marginal soil and water standing in the hole after 48 hours indicates unsuitable soil. Determined gardeners with marginal or unsuitable soil have the option of hauling in good topsoil, working in generous amounts of peat moss, compost or similar organic material at feast 1 foot deep, or mounding thin topsoil. -
Technical Overview on Cider Production 23 23
TALLINN, ESTONIA TALLINN, ESTONIA APRIL 25, 2017 APRIL 25, 2017 TECHNICAL OVERVIEW ON CIDER PRODUCTION TECHNICAL OVERVIEW TECHNICAL OVERVIEW ON CIDER PRODUCTION 23 23 LALLEMAND OENOLOGY LALLEMAND OENOLOGY TALLINN, ESTONIA, APRIL 25, 2017 TECHNICAL OVERVIEW ON CIDER PRODUCTION PROCEEDINGS OF THE XXVIIes ENTRETIENS SCIENTIFIQUES LALLEMAND ISBN 978-2-9815255-8-1 (printed version) ISBN 978-2-9815255-9-8 (pdf version) Legal deposit Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec 2018 Library and Archives Canada 2018 DISCLAIMER: Lallemand has compiled the information contained herein and, to the best of its knowledge, the information is true and accurate. Lallemand offers this publication for use by winemaking professionals world- wide as a compendium of existing knowledge, both scientific and anecdotal. It is the user’s sole responsibility to determine whether any of the information contained herein is of benefit. The information, techniques and procedures presented in this publication are not to be considered as any type of expressed or implied guarantee for any aspect of the winemaking process in any wine-producing country. Lallemand Inc. Montréal, Canada H1W 2N8 The reprint or digital publication of any part of this book without permission from Lallemand is prohibited and illegal. CONTENTS CIDER CIDER: AN ANCIENT ART CIDERMAKING VS. WINEMAKING - IS THERE A IN A MODERN WORLD ............................................5 DIFFERENCE? ...........................................................19 Rebecca Mussell Amanda Stewart A TECHNICAL OVERVIEW OF FRENCH CIDER: LOCAL IMPORTANCE OF CIDER PRODUCTION IN FROM SPOILAGE CONTROL TO AROMATIC PROFILE ESTONIA (LOCAL PRODUCER SIIDRIKODA AS A PILOT CHARACTERIZATION ................................................9 PLANT FOR SCALE-UP YEAST APPLICATION) .........25 H. Guichard, P. Poupard, Jean-Michel Le Quéré and Rain Kuldjärv R. -
Performance of Peach Cultivars and Rootstocks in Central Ohio by Richard C
I Thble of Contents Page Performance of Peach Cultivars and Rootstocks in Central Ohio by Richard C. Funt, Mark C. Schmittgen, and John C. Golden .... 1 Evaluation of Nectarine Cultivars in Central Ohio' by Richard C. Funt, Mark C. Schmittgen, and John C. Golden . 6 Evaluation of Several Herbicides for Orchards by Richard C. Funt, Mark C. Schmittgen, and John C. Golden ... 10 Highbush Blueberry Cultivar Evaluation by Richard C. Funt, Mark C. Schmittgen, and John C. Golden .. 13 Frequency and Rates of Foliar Nutrient Sprays on Strawberry by Richard C. Funt, Gerald G. Meyers, and Ken DeWeese . ..... 17 Effect of Herbicides on Newly Planted Apple Trees, 1989 by Richard C. Funt, M. C. Schmittgen, and J. C. Golden ....... 22 0\RllE Kirklyn M. Kerr Director Preface The research described in this publication was conducted during the 1980s. Long-term weather records were exceeded in high and low temperatures and high and low rainfall regardless of the season. Over 87 cultivars or cultivar/root-stock combinations are described. They represent a cost of nearly $330,000 from federal and state supported funding and nearly $30,000 private sources as fruit tree nurseries, Ohio Fruit Growers Society, gifts, and grants. We acknowledge and are grateful to the June Alexander Research Fund and the research advisory board for their support. Also our neighbors, Sunny Hill and Sand Hill Orchards, have contributed in many ways towards the success of Overlook Farm. More importantly, this publication is dedicated to Mark Schmittgen and John Golden for their tireless energy, commitment, and dedication to fruit research and Ohio growers. -
What's Next?? Future Varieties, Practices and Cost of Establishment Tom Auvil
What’s Next?? Future varieties, practices and cost of establishment Tom Auvil Orondo, WA 1 Big, new plantings with trees from in-house nursery. 2 3 Varieties DEcreasing: Golden Delicious less colored Red Delicious, Gala and Fuji Cameo Braeburn Jonagold 4 Varieties Increasing: Honeycrisp +Redder Honeycrisp (??) Really Red Gala Really Red Fuji Club- Jazz, SweetTango, Envy, Opal Cripps Pink sports (earlier, Redder) 5 WA 38 – great texture, shelf life, flavor Consumer studies: Wa Apple Commission- 1980’s #1. Crisp texture #2. Juicy – Sweet #3. Flavor 6 New Varieties: Better than present commercial products Shelf life of 7+ days at room temperature Fewer problems (great packouts) Bitterpit Sunburn Poor texture Internal Browning Flavor 7 Higher Acid + Higher sugar content = More flavor Less ‘storage’ or box flavor Less astringency from the peel (Gala, Honeycrisp, Sweetie) 8 Harvest Timing of varieties/ Picking Schedule Effective use of resources Bins/day for 10 weeks Early season is busy Late seasonGala, Honeyis risky: Crisp, Bartlett, Anjou Fuji, Pink Lady, Other late harvest. 9 Gala production cost -- 2005 10 From Clark Seavert, Oregon State University Gala production cost per bin - 2014 600 550 500 $30 / Bin variable cost 400 300 290 $ per bin 203 200 160 134 117 104 95 100 88 82 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Bins per acre 11 Gala production cost per bin - 2014 600 550 500 400 300 290 $ per bin 203 200 160 134 117 104 95 100 88 82 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Bins per acre 12 Gala production cost per bin - 2014 600 550 500 400 300