Haustorium 42 December 2002 1 HAUSTORIUM Parasitic Newsletter

Official Organ of the International Parasitic Society

December 2002 Number 42

STATUS OF HAUSTORIUM The Editorial Board was selected to represent a diversity of expertise and perspectives, and each member represents a specific discipline. In Haustorium is the official organ of the addition, the Board reflects much of the International Society (IPPS) and geographical diversity of our society. Editorial is published twice yearly. Board members are:

We are pleased to acknowledge that Old Agronomy Charlie Riches Dominion University continues to support the Anatomy Brian Fineran printing and mailing of Haustorium. Biochemistry Philippe Simier

Biotech Jonny Gressel Many readers are already receiving Haustorium Breeding Rositza Batchvarova by Email. If any more of you wish to do so, Chemistry Koichi Yoneyama please let Chris Parker know (Email address on Ecophysiology Kushan Tennakoon the last page). Bear in mind that having an Dan Nickrent electronic version of the newsletter enables you to ‘search’ for selected key words. An important feature of the Editorial Board is

this wide range of perspectives it will bring to The web-site version of this issue and past issues Haustorium. We hope that this will encourage of Haustorium are available on an increase in the number and diversity of http://web.odu.edu/haustorium, and on the IPPS articles in Haustorium and also ease the work site – http://www.ppws.vt.edu/IPPS/ load needed to publish each issue. One of the

keys to the success of any society is involvement

of its membership, and this Board represents a IPPS EDITORIAL BOARD ESTABLISHED positive step in that direction. We are grateful to

these individuals for sharing their time and I am pleased to announce the formation of an talents with IPPS. Editorial Board for IPPS. This represents a new mechanism for IPPS to generate and review Jim Westwood information of interest to parasitic plant researchers. The objective of having an Editorial

Board is to assist in producing the publications CIMMYT UNVEILS HERBICIDE- of our Society. Specifically, the job of the COATED MAIZE Editorial Board members is to 1) participate in TECHNOLOGY FOR STRIGA discussions on the form and function of CONTROL Haustorium, and 2) contribute occasional content or editing to the newsletter. At some point in the New, locally adapted, herbicide-resistant, future, IPPS may also produce other publications open pollinated and hybrid maize varieties and the Editorial Board will assist in shaping the along with the seed-coating technology for form and content of these as well. Striga control were described to seed and

chemical companies as well as pesticide Haustorium 42 December 2002 2 and seed variety regulators in Eastern and be overcome to register the herbicide and Southern in a two and a half day its new form of application, and the new meeting in early July, 2002, at Kisumu, varieties. Representatives of the chemical Kenya. Striga infests an estimated 20 to 40 companies described perceived problems in million hectares of farmland cultivated by marketing – initially the material should be poor farmers throughout sub-Saharan available only to seed companies to prevent Africa. In Kenya, an estimated 150,000 ha farmers from losing their crops by treating of land are infested (76 % of farmland in non-IR maize. An economist and Western Kenya) causing an estimated crop representatives of the seed companies loss valued at about US$38 million. In sub- described their perceptions of the market. Saharan Africa, the value of yield lost However, no one was overly excited at the annually to Striga is estimated at US$1 end of the first day. billion, affecting the welfare and livelihood of over 100 million people. Heretofore The second day was devoted to visiting two alternative Striga control methods have not experiment stations, and a large number of gained wide acceptance by farmers because farmers’ fields in heavily infested areas of they were not cost effective or did not fit western Kenya, up to the Uganda border. well into the existing cropping systems, Huge differences between the treated and including intercropping with sensitive non-treated plots were seen at the Kibos legumes as often practiced by small-scale experiment station, the first stop of the tour; African farmers. Striga had clearly bewitched the untreated maize but the infested maize was still On the first day of the meeting, scientists standing. This was not the case in farmers’ described years of research by CIMMYT in fields where almost totally devastated plots collaboration with the Weizmann Institute of farmers’ maize in full Striga bloom stood of Science (Israel) (with funding from the in stark contrast beside clean normal stands Rockefeller Foundation) to develop the of herbicide-treated IR-maize. The varieties and the control package for Striga herbicide treatments more than tripled control in maize. It combines low doses (as yields (on average) when there were more little as 30 grams per hectare) of a systemic than ten Striga plants emerging per square acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicide meter in the farmers fields (Fig. 1). Even such as imazapyr or pyrithiobac as a seed with low infestations, most farmers coating with imidazolinone-resistant (IR) reported significantly improved yields. maize seed. Field researchers from four east African countries described how the treatment a field virtually clear of emerging Striga stalks up to harvest, and allows intercropping with legumes as long as the legume is interplanted between the maize rows at least 12 cm from the treated maize seed. Since the maize seed is treated, 10 there is no need or added cost for spraying equipment and no possibility of off-target application. The herbicide is compatible Yield Increment (IR/control) Increment Yield with commonly-used fungicide/insecticide seed dressings, and is applied with them. 1 With effective Striga control, the potential 1 10 100 Striga emergence per sq. meter at 12 weeks for returns on inputs such as fertilizers and other pest control products is greatly Figure 1. Increased yields of herbicide treated improved. The CIMMYT breeders IR-maize as a function of Striga infestation. described the laborious process of Yields of two imazapyr-treated locally-adapted transferring the mutant IR gene from a CIMMYT IR-maize (averaged) were compared Pioneer hybrid into a locally adapted with (divided by) those of the untreated local background that has superior streak virus landrace (Nyamulla) and commercial hybrid and fungal disease resistance. The H513 (averaged). regulators described the hurdles that must Haustorium 42 December 2002 3

Interviews with the farmers clearly affected the undertaken at the University of Sheffield, UK, participants, especially when the farmers partners in this project funded by the Crop volunteered that they would pay much more for Protection Programme of the UK Department for the technology than the seed producers estimated International Development, have confirmed the to charge. Seed companies have already Striga tolerance of both lines in terms of developed a market for quality hybrid maize maintenance of stem biomass. HAKIKA shows among subsistence farmers in nearby non- a high degree of tolerance to S. hermonthica infested areas, and there is a realization for the even at low nitrogen availability, equivalent to large market potential where Striga is prevalent. conditions in many continuously cultivated fields The excitement from seeing the field trials was that farmers identify to have low and declining apparent on the third day when seed companies fertility. expressed strong interest in acquiring the technology. The plight of the farmers was not A M Mbwaga, Agricultural Research Institute, ignored by the regulators who discussed methods Ilonga, Tanzania ([email protected]) of fast-tracking chemical and varietal C R Riches, Natural Resources Institute, UK registrations for the Striga hot spots. It is ([email protected]) anticipated that IR-maize lines adapted to the Striga infested agro-ecology of western Kenya will be released by CIMMYT to seed companies SYMPOSIUM IN CAIRNS, before the coming season, who will begin the AUSTRALIA process of certification and bulking up. Meanwhile CIMMYT breeders are developing The Third International Canopy Conference was additional varieties appropriate for other areas in held in Cairns, Queensland, Australia from June sub-Saharan Africa where Striga is endemic. 23-28, 2002. One of the symposia presented during that week was entitled ‘Conservation, Fred Kanampiu and Dennis Friesen, CIMMYT, biodiversity, and management of ’ and Kenya was co-organized by Dave Shaw (Wind River Jonathan Gressel, Weizmann Institute of Canopy Crane Research Facility, Carson, Science, Israel Washington, USA) and Daniel Nickrent (Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA). The symposium had a plenary SORGHUM CULTIVARS RELEASED IN session entitled ‘Parasites in the Canopy: TANZANIA Mistletoe Evolution and Ecology’ that included the following talks: Dan Nickrent ‘Origin and Following extensive laboratory testing and phylogeny of the mistletoes,’ Gerhard Glatzel participatory evaluation by farmers on Striga ‘Physiological ecology of mistletoes,’ Nick Reid, infested land in the Lake and Central zones of Mark Stafford Smith, and Jake Overton ‘Birds Tanzania, two white grained, early maturing and mistletoes,’ Robert Mathiasen ‘Ecology of sorghum cultivars have been approved for dwarf mistletoes,’ and Bryan Barlow and Del release by the national seed registration Wiens ‘Epiparasitism in mistletoes, a neglected authority. Both lines were developed at Purdue phenomenon in forest canopy biology.’ In University, USA. Line P9405 has been addition, there were the following contributed registered with the Swahili name HAKIKA papers: Peter Bannister, Graham L. Strong and (meaning ‘be sure’ i.e. that the farmer is sure to Inge Andrew ‘Is differential accumulation of harvest something even from Striga infested elements in leaves of mistletoes and their hosts fields) while P9406 has been named WAHI related to greater water loss in mistletoes?’ (meaning ‘early’ to indicate the early maturity of David C. Shaw ‘Ecology of this material). Both lines have been evaluated tsugense (), Cascade Mts. USA,’ and on-farm over the past six years and have been David M. Watson ‘Mistletoe as a keystone found by farmer groups to support lower resource: a progress report.’ Because of numbers of S. hermonthica or S. asiatica and to cancellations (Jose Kallarackal et al. and Mohan produce higher yields on infested fields P. Devkota), we had time slots open that were compared to previously available local land races filled by David Norton (University of and cultivars. The early maturity, drought Canterbury, New Zealand) who spoke on his tolerance, grain quality and taste of these lines research on the ecology and conservation of New have also impressed farmers. Laboratory studies Zealand mistletoes, such as Peraxilla tetrapetala. Haustorium 42 December 2002 4

In addition to presented papers, there were four Bentley, WA 6983, Australia; email posters dealing with mistletoes: Jon Cabrera and [email protected]; fax 61-8-93340327. Dan Nickrent ‘Historical biogeography of Issue 16 was published in July 2002 and includes inferred from chloroplast matK 3 articles noted in the Literature section below sequences,’ Mohan Devkota and Gerhard Glatzel under Vernes and Robson, 2002, TueMan ‘Mistletoes of the Annapurna Conservation Area, Luong, 2002, and Angadi et al., 2002. Central Nepal,’ Ainsley Calladine ‘Evolution of the mistletoe family Loranthaceae in Australia,’ and Wilfried Morawetz ‘Investigations on the CALLING ALL PARASITICULTURALISTS ecology of the Loranthaceae and Viscaceae in the upper Orinoco (Venezuela).’ To view the Greetings fellow Haustorium readers. I am a abstracts from the plenary and contributed recent initiate to your group but am very keen to papers, see: expand our knowledge regarding the horticulture http://www.science.siu.edu/parasitic- of the more spectacular plant parasites. I have plants/MistletoeAbstracts.html been growing a wide range of unusual plants for most of my life and would like to add parasites On June 26, a group of enthusiastic ‘mistletoers’ to the list, provided material can be made more were treated to a marvellous field trip lead by widely available. I am interested in hearing Bryan Barlow. We began by visiting the expressions of interest in setting up a seed-bank mangrove swamp near the Cairns airport where for members to access, featuring seed of plant we saw Lysiana maritima and Amyema parasites which might be of horticultural interest mackayense. The next stops were Trinity beach (but probably excluding those known to and Pebble beach where we saw Amyema parasitise any crops of economic importance). queenslandica, Dendrophthoe vitellina, Lysiana Plants such as Hydnora, Cynomoria, Cytinus, subfalcata, and Cansjera leptostachya Tristerix aphyllus and Viscum minimum spring to (Opiliaceae). Although not a mistletoe, our stop mind. I should be able to personally contribute at Kingfisher Park to see Balanophora fungosa of a few Australian mistletoes. If you was a treat for some of us! A parasite of might be able to supply material or are keen to Melaleuca viridiflora, Diplatia tomentosa, was obtain particular species, please contact me. next seen at Abattoir Swamp. In Atherton we got to see the flowers and of Amylotheca Shane Simonsen, 6 Edgar Street, West End 4101, dictyophleba thanks to the tree climbing ability Queensland, Australia. of Nick Reid! North of Tolga, where we had a Email: [email protected] wonderful lunch by the way, we saw the beautiful Decaisnina brittenii parasitic on Lophostemon suaveolens. Finally, the ‘pièce de MISTLETOES OF NORTH AMERICAN résistance’ or possibly the ‘coup de grâce’ for CONIFERS those who had had quite enough, was the tree on Hastie road near Atherton that contained, all in At the request of the North American Forestry one clump (and including some epiparasites): Commission, the Rocky Mountain Research Dendrophthoe curvata, D. vitellina, Amyema Station in partnership with the Canadian Forest queenslandica, A. glabra, Notothixos subaureus, Service and Mexican Sanidad Forestal has and Viscum articulatum! So, an even dozen published a general guide and literature review, mistletoe species in seven genera in one day; Mistletoes of North American Conifers. The where else besides Australia can one do that? guide provides resource managers, foresters, arborists, and land owners with a recent, Dan Nickrent, Southern Illinois University, practical, and user-appropriate summary of Carbondale, USA literature and current research on the leafy and dwarf mistletoes in (includes over 600 references, most published since 1990). SANDALWOOD RESEARCH Information is presented for the three major NEWSLETTER genera of mistletoes on their hosts, distribution, life cycle, damage, ecological effects, and Further to the item in Haustorium 41, please note economic importance. Current and emerging that the editor is now Jon Brand, Dept. of methods for the survey and management of Conservation and Land Management, Bag 104, infested trees and stands with biological, Haustorium 42 December 2002 5 chemical, genetic, and cultural approaches are Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526. Email: described. These approaches especially consider [email protected] situations where resources are managed for timber or non-timber objectives such as wildlife or wildfire hazard reduction. A Spanish WEBSITES translation is being prepared. For past and current issues of Haustorium see: Copies of Geils, Cibrián, and Moody (2002) http://web.odu.edu/haustorium [Mistletoes of North American Conifers. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-98. Ogden UT:U.S. For information on the International Parasitic Dept. Agric. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Plant Society see: http://www.ppws.vt.edu/IPPS/ Research Station. 123 p.] are freely available through several means. The publication is on-line For Lytton Musselman’s Plant site see: at http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr098.pdf. http://web.odu.edu/plant Individual or several printed copies can be requested from the Rocky Mountain Research For Dan Nickrent’s ‘The Parasitic Plant Station by phone (970-498-1392), mail (Richard Connection’ see: Schneider, USDA Forest Service, Rocky http://www.science.siu.edu/parasitic- Mountain Research Station, 240 W Prospect plants/index.html Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526), or Internet (http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/main/pubs/order.html). For The Mistletoe Center (including a The publication is intended for a general comprehensive Annotated Bibliography on audience; therefore, instructors, arboreta, and mistletoes) see: others who would like to have multiple copies http://www.rms.nau.edu/misteltoe/welcome.html for their distribution are encouraged to request copies in box lots (50 per box) by contacting For on-line access to USDA Forest Service Brian Geils at the Rocky Mountain Research Agriculture Handbook 709 ‘Dwarf Mistletoes: Station ([email protected] or 928-556-2076). Biology, Pathology and Systematics’ see: http://www.rmrs.nau.edu/publications/ah_709/ The Mistletoes of North American Conifers (Brian Geils asks us to point out that, contrary to updates, expands upon, and complements the the note in Haustorium 40, some hard copies are previous technical monograph by Hawksworth still available – via [email protected]) and Wiens (1996) [Dwarf Mistletoes: Biology, Pathology, and Systematics. Agric. Handb. 709. For information on the Parasitic Plants mailing Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. Agric. Forest list ‘PP listserve’ see: Service. 410 p.]. This publication intended for http://www2.labs.agilent.com/botany/pp/html/pp botanists and pathologists can be viewed at _listserv.html http://www.rmrs.nau.edu/publications/ah_709/in dex.html. A limited supply of printed copies is For the Parasitic Plants Database, including also still available (contact Richard Schneider by ‘4000 entries giving an exhaustive nomenclatural phone, mail or Internet as listed above). synopsis of all parasitic plants’ see: http://www2.labs.agilent.com/bot/pp_home Internet links to both of these publications (and other information) are also located at the For ‘Hosts and geographic distribution of Mistletoe Center .’ (version 1.0) by Ciesla, (http://www.rmrs.nau.edu/mistletoe). The server W.M., Geils, B.W. and Adams, R.P. 2001. on which the Mistletoe Center resides is USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, RMRS-RN- presently without a webmaster and may 11WWW see: occasionally be unavailable. We are, however, http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_rn11/ working to obtain needed technical support for the site and intend to continue providing access to the Mistletoe Literature Database.

Brian Geils, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 W Prospect

Haustorium 42 December 2002 6

LITERATURE hermonthica. Six of these applied as seed dressings in maize reduced Striga infection Acharya, B.D., Khattri, G.B., Chettri, M.K. and and improved crop growth.) Srivastava, S.C. Effect of Brassica Ahumada, C., Garcia, D., Saenz, T., Gomez, A. campestris var. toria as a catch crop on and Cert, A. 2001. Influence of the parasite Orobanche aegyptiaca seed bank. Crop Viscum cruciatum Sieber on the chemical Protection 21: 533-537. (A normal crop of constituents of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. tori was followed after harvest by a second Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. Section C, catch crop grown for 1 month, as a vegetable. Biosciences 56(11/12): 1091-1094. This reduced the O. aegyptiaca seed bank by Akhtouch, B., Munoz-Ruz, J., Melero-Vara, J., about 30%.) Fernandez-Martinez, J. and Dominguez, J. Adagba, M.A., Lagoke, S.T.O. and Imolehin, 2001. Inheritance of resistance to race F of E.D. 2002. Nitrogen effect on the incidence broomrape in sunflower lines of different of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth in upland origins. Plant Breeding 121: 266-268. rice. Acta Agronomica Hungarica 50(2): 145- (Resistance to race F in the lines studied, is 150. (Susceptible cultivars required higher apparently a recessive character.) rates of nitrogen to ameliorate the effect of S. Alford, J. D. and L. C. Anderson. 2002. The hermonthica than the resistant cultivars.) taxonomy and morphology of Macranthera Adagba, M.A., Lagoke, S.T.O. Singh, B.N. and flammea (Orobanchaceae). Sida: 20(10): 189- Ndahi, W.B. 2002. Potential of cinosulfuron 204. (This beautiful, humming bird pollinated and CGA152005 seed treatment for control root parasite is a federally endangered species of Striga hermonthica in upland rice. Acta and is endemic to the flatwoods of the Agronomica Hungarica 50(1): 7-18. (In field lower coastal plain of the southeastern United trials, rice varieties FARO 40 and WAB 56- States. The authors conclude that recognition 50 showed complete resistance to S. of more than one taxon in the is not hermonthica, without herbicide, while Faro warranted because calyx features are due to 11 showed tolerance. Striga emergence was the replacement of flower units in the delayed, and crop growth improved by architecture of individual plants.) herbicide treatments in susceptible varieties.) Alonso-Plaza, J.M., Canales, M.A., Jimenez, M., Adeosun, J. O., Gbadegesin, R.A., Shebeyan, Luis Roldan, J., Garcia-Herrero, A., Iturrino, J.Y., Aba, D.A., Idisi, P.O. and Yusuf, J.O. L., Luis Asensio, J., Javier Canada, F., 2001. Evaluation of sorghum cultivars for Romero, A., Siebert, H.C., Andre, S., Solis, their resistance to Striga hermonthica. Moor D., Gabius, H.J. and Jimenez-Barbero, J. Journal of Agricultural Research 2(1): 25-30. 2001. NMR investigations of protein- (ICSV 400 supported Striga emergence but interactions: insights into the yielded well, while ICSV 1007 BF showed topology of the bound conformation of a resistance but yielded poorly.) lactose isomer and beta-galactosyl xyloses to Aflakpui, G.K.S., Gregory, P.J. and Froud- mistletoe lectin and galectin-1. Biochimica et Williams, R.J. 2002. Growth and biomass Biophysica Acta, General Subjects 1568(3): partitioning of maize during vegetative 225-236. growth in response to Striga hermonthica Angadi, V.G., Jain, S.H., Rajeevalochan, A.N., infection and nitrogen supply. Experimental Ravikumar, G. and Shankarayana, K.H. Agriculture 38: 265-276. (In a pot 2002. A note on peroxidase reagents to experiment, reductions in and distinguish between high and low yielders of growth of maize shoots were not influenced sandal (Santalum album) in the field. by rates of N equivalent to 20-60 kg N/ha.) Sandalwood Research Newsletter 16: 7. Ahonsi, M.O., Berner, D.K., Emechebe, A.M. Aukema, J.E. and Martinez del Rio, C. 2002. and Lagoke, S.T. 2002. Selection of Variation in mistletoe seed deposition: effects rhizobacterial strains for suppression of of intra- and interspecific host characteristics. germination of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Ecography 25(2): 139-144. (Studying the Benth. seeds. Biological Control 24: 143-152. abundance of californicum on (Screening of 460 fluorescent pseudomonad hosts Olneya tesota, Cercidium isolates from naturally suppressive microphyllum, Prosopis velutina, Acacia resulted in the identification of 15 constricta, and Acacia greggii, as affected by Pseudomonas fluorescens/P. putida isolates host frequency, bird distribution, etc.) that significantly inhibited germination of S. Haustorium 42 December 2002 7

Aukema, J.E. and Martinez del Rio, C. 2002. pathogenesis- related gene of the family PR- Mistletoes as parasites and seed-dispersing 10 in alfalfa. Journal of Experimental birds as disease vectors: current Agriculture 53: 1831-1832. (A full-length understanding, challenges and opportunities. cDNA, PPRG2, representing a gene highly In: Levey, D.J., Silva, W.R., Galetti, M. expressed in alfalfa infested by Cuscuta Proceedings, Third International Symposium- trifolii, is induced not only by dodder attack Workshop on Frugivores and , but also by bacterial infections and other Sao Pedro, Brazil, August, 2000. pp.99-110. environmental stresses.) (Discussing the interactions between birds, Braun, J. M., Ko, H.L., Schierholz, J.M., Weir, host plants and the desert mistletoes Tristerix D., Blackwell, C.C. and Beuth, J. 2001. aphyllus and Phoradendron californicum.) Application of standardized mistletoe extracts Avetisyan, V.E. and Asatryan, M.Ya. 2001. Type augment immune response and down specimens of vascular plants preserved in the regulates metastatic organ colonization in herbarium of the Department of Systematics murine models. Cancer Letters 170(1): 25-31. and Geography of Higher Plants of the (Involving extracts of V. album from fir and Institute of Botany, National Academy of pine hosts.) Sciences of the Republic of Armenia (ERE). Bungert, M., Thiel, R., Goedings, P. and Becker, 6. Supplements. Botanicheskii Zhurnal 86(3): H. 2002. (E,E)-alpha-farnesene the main 75-80. (Listing type specimens, including substance of the volatiles of the flowers from Orobanchaceae.) European mistletoe (Viscum album L.). Bakheit, B.R., Allam, A.Y. and Galal, A.H. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. Section C, 2002. Intercropping faba bean with some Biosciences 57(1/2): 205-207. legume crops for control of Orobanche Burger, A.M., Mengs, U., Schuler, J.B. and crenata. Acta Agronomica Hungarica 50(1): Fiebig, H.H. 2001. Anticancer activity of an 1-6, 10. (Intercropping faba bean with each aqueous mistletoe extract (AME) in of lupin, fenugreek and Egyptian clover syngeneic murine tumor models. Anticancer markedly reduced O. crenata infestation of Research 21: 1965-1968. (Viscum album faba bean and increased crop yields.) extracts show apparent immuno-stimulatory Barros, M.G., Rico-Gray, V. and Diaz-Castelazo, effects in suppressing some types of tumour C. 2001. (Flowering synchrony between in mice, but not in others.) Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) and Cioni, F. 1998. (Results obtained from the use of Psittacanthus calyculatus (DC.) G. Don propyzamide in pre-emergence treatment of (Loranthaceae) found in dunes in la Mancha, sugar beet for Cuscuta spp. control.) (in Veracruz, Mexico.) (in Spanish) Botanica Italian) Atti, Giornate fitopatologiche, Scicli Mexicana 57: 1-14. (While L. camara is e Ragusa, 3-7 maggio, 1998, pp. 387-392. mainly pollinated by insects, and P. Cohen, B.A., Amsellem, Z., Lev-Yadun, S. and calyculatus by humming birds, data from Gressel, J. 2002. Infection of tubercles of the floral convergence, floral colour similarities parasitic weed Orobanche aegyptiaca by and pollination syndromes suggest that these mycoherbicidal Fusarium spp. Annals of species are involved in a floral association in Botany 90: 567-570. (Pot experiments with which both derive equal benefit.) O. aegyptiaca on tomato roots showed that Batchvarova, R. 2001. Investigation on plant the Fusarium oxysporum and F. parasite interactions of Orobanche spp. on arthrosporioides strains used were not sunflower and tobacco. Biotechnology & virulent enough for field use but might be Biotechnological Equipment 15(2): 67-72. enhanced transgenically, or other isolates Benharrat, H., Delavault, P. and Thalouarn, P. sought.) 2000. (The genomes of parasitic Cohen, B.A., Amsellem, Z., Maor, R., Sharon, angiosperms: characterization and applied A. and Gressel, J. 2002. Transgenically interest.) (in French) Comptes rendus de enhanced expression of indole-3-acetic acid l'Academie d'Agriculture de France 86(8): confers hypervirulence to plant pathogens. 97-110. (Comparing the plastid genome size Phytopathology 92: 590-596. (Introduction of in Lathraea and Orobanche species. The rcbl one or two genes for IAA expression into sequences from both genera recorded a 92% Fusarium oxysporum or F. arthrosporioides identity.) enhanced their virulence against O. Borsics, T. and Lados, M. 2002, Dodder aegyptiaca.) infection induces the expression of a Haustorium 42 December 2002 8

Dagustu, N. and Goksoy, A.T. 2001. disease, fir engravers, dwarf mistletoe, and Determination of hybrid performance and western spruce budworm in Northeastern resistance to broomrape in some sunflower Oregon. Western Journal of Applied Forestry (Helianthus annuus L.) parents and hybrid 17(3): 122-128. (Kill of larch by combinations under broomrape conditions. Arceuthobium laricis varied from 0 to 56%; Biotechnology & Biotechnological unaffected by fertilizer regime.) Equipment 15(2): 79-86. Fineran, B.A. 2001. Early evolution of the Delavault, P. and Thalouarn, P. 2002. The haustorial system in Loranthaceae mistletoes, obligate root parasite Orobanche cumana and its relationship to the organization of the exhibits several rbcL sequences. Gene 297: haustorium in root hemiparasitic . 85-92. Phytomorphology Golden Jubilee Issue: 541- Deliorman, D., Ergun, F., Sener, B. and 571. (Discussing the possible evolution of Palittapongarnpim, P. 2001. Evaluation of aerial parasites from root-parasitic ancestors antimycobacterial activity of Viscum album in Olacaceae.) subspecies. Pharmaceutical Biology 39: 381- Fischer, S., Kabelitz, D., Musielski, H., Scheer, 383. (Extracts of three subspecies of V. R. and Scheffler, A. 2002. Synergism album showed antibacterial activity against between lectins and vesicles of Viscum album Mycobacterium tuberculosis at 200 µg/ml.) L. - detection by biochemical and Demchenko, V.I. 2001. Activities and plans of immunological methods. Journal of Herbal Volgograd quarantine Inspectorate. Zashchita Pharmacotherapy 2(1): 7-22. i Karantin Rastenii, 2001(6): 9. (Outlining Friesen, D.K., Waddington, S.R., Diallo, A. and quarantine responsibilities, including Kanampiu, F. 2002. Breeding and agronomic interception of Cuscuta spp. – other similar approaches to managing abiotic stresses in papers in the same issue relate to other maize. In: Nigussie, M., Tanner, D. and districts.) Twumasi-Afriyie, S. (eds.) Proceedings, Díaz-Sánchez, J., López-Martínez, N., López- Second National Maize Workshop of Granados, F., De Prado, R. and García- Ethiopia, Addis Abeba, November, 2001. pp. Torres, L. 2002. Absorption, translocation, 214-222. (Including reference to Striga and fate of herbicides in Orobanche cumana- hermonthica.) sunflower system. Pesticide Biochemistry Germany. 2002. Activity Report - Research and Physiology 74(1): 9-15. (As compared to Institute of Organic Agriculture, 2002, 72 pp. glyphosate, larger amounts of imazapyr were (Listing applied research on mistletoe therapy absorbed by the treated sunflower and in veterinary medicine.) translocated to the parasite, in which Gowda, B.S., Miller, J.L., Rubin, S.S., Sharma, detoxification of the herbicide proceeded D.R. and Timko, M.P. 2002. Isolation, slowly.) sequence analysis, and linkage mapping of Earwaker, T. 2002. Host plant oviposition choice resistance-gene analogs in cowpea (Vigna in the heath fritillary butterfly, Mellicta unguiculata L. Walp.). Euphytica 126: 365- athalia, in the East Blean Woodlands, Kent. 377. (Cloned genes with homology to known Antenna (London) 26(1): 33-36. resistance genes from a cowpea cultivar (Melampyrum pratense a favoured host.) resistant to S. gesnerioides. Total of 51 genes Eizenberg, H., Golan, S. and Joel, D.M. 2002. representing 5 distinct classes of resistance First report of the parasitic plant Orobanche genes.) aegyptiaca infecting olive. Plant Disease 86: Grunzweig, J. M. and Korner, C. 2001. 814. (In Israel.) Biodiversity effects of elevated CO2 in Fattakhova, G.V., Agapov, I.I., Solopova, O.N., species-rich model communities from the Moisenovich, M.M. and Tonevitsky, A.G. semi-arid Negev of Israel. Oikos 95: 112- 2001. The obtaining of monoclonal 124. (Elevated carbon dioxide at 440 and 660 antibodies to the isoforms of a plant toxin ppm increased seed yield of several legumes viscumin. Biotekhnologiya 17: 59-70. and of Parentucellia flaviflora.) (Development of a sensitive technique for Gurney, A.L., Press, M.C. and Scoles, J.D. 2002. detection of toxins from Viscum album.) Can wild relatives of sorghum provide new Filip, G.M., Ganio, L.M., Oester, P.T., Mason, sources of resistance or tolerance against R.R. and Wickman, B.E. 2002. Ten-year Striga species? Weed Research 42: 317-324. effect of fertilization on tree growth and (Sorghum arundinaceum was susceptible to mortality associated with Armillaria root both S. asiatica and S. hermonthica but Haustorium 42 December 2002 9

demonstrated striking tolerance to S. 15(2): 73-90. (Species involved included L. asiatica.) pentandrus, L. atropurpureus and L. Gurney, A.L., Taylor, A., Mbwaga, A., Scholes, schultesii. Up to 90% of trees were seriously J.D. and Press, M.C. 2002. Do maize affected, suffering degradation of incense cultivars demonstrate tolerance to the gum production and wood quality, or death.) parasitic weed Striga asiatica? Weed Jerome, C.A. and Ford, B.A. 2002. The Research 42: 299-306. (Variety Staha discovery of three genetic races of the dwarf supported emergence of S. asiatica mistletoe comparable to that on vars Katumani and (Viscaceae) provides insight into the TMV-1 but yield was reduced by only 5% evolution of parasitic angiosperms. instead of 20-25%, apparently due to the Molecular Ecology 11: 387-405. (AFLP maintenance of high photosynthesis and less studies confirm distinction between the three photoinhibition.) races of A. americanum infecting Pinus Holzapfel, S., Faville, M.Z. and Gemmill, C.E.C. banksiana, P. contorta var. murrayana and 2002. Genetic variation of the endangered P. contorta var. latifolia.) holoparasite Dactylanthus taylorii Jerome, C.A. and Ford, B.A. 2002. Comparative (Balanophoraceae) in New Zealand. Journal population structure and genetic diversity of of Biogeography 29: 663-676. Arceuthobium americanum (Viscaceae) and Ioannou, N. and Ioannou, M. 2002. Integrated its Pinus host species: insight into host- management of soil-borne pathogens of parasite evolution in parasitic angiosperms. greenhouse tomato in Cyprus. In: Paroussi, Molecular Ecology 11: 407-420. G., Voyiatzis, D. and Paroussis, E. (eds) Jiang ZhiHong, Hirose, Y., Iwata, H., Sakamoto, Acta Horticulturae 579: 433-438. (Reporting S., Tanaka, T. and Kouno, I. 2001. Caffeoyl, the successful use of solarization as an coumaroyl, galloyl, and alternative to methyl bromide to reduce hexahydroxydiphenoyl glucoses from Orobanche sp. by 75-100%.) Balanophora japonica. Chemical & Ishizu, T., Winarno, H., Tsujino, E., Morita, T. Pharmaceutical Bulletin 49: 887-892. and Shibuya, H. 2002. Indonesian medicinal (Results showed that caffeoyl ellagitannins plants. XXIV. Stereochemical structure of were the major phenolic constituents of B. perseitol.K+ complex isolated from the japonica.) leaves of Scurrula fusca (Loranthaceae). Jupp, P., Warren, P. and Secomb, N. 2002. The Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 50: 489- branched broomrape eradication program: 492. (Tending to confirm the anti-tumour methodologies, problems encountered and activity of extracts from S. fusca.) lessons learnt. In: Jacob, H.S., Dodd, J. and Ivanauskas, N.M., Monteiro, R. and Rodrigues, Moore, J.H. (eds.) Proceedings 13th R.R. 2001. (Floristic survey of Atlantic Australian Weeds Conference, Perth, Forest at Pariquera-Acu, Sao Paulo, Brazil.) September, 2002. pp. 270-273. (Reviewing (in Portuguese) Naturalia (Sao Paulo) 26: 97- the efforts at eradication so far and the 129. (11.7% of species were epiphytes, hemi- legislative and administrative structures that epiphytes or parasitics.) are required.) Jain, A.K., Tripathi, S.K. 2002. Occurrence of Kanampiu, F.K., Ransom, J.K., Friesen, D. and Striga and its influence on yield of Kodo Gressel, J. 2002. Imazapyr and pyrithiobac millet. Crop Research (Hisar) 23: 532-535. movement in soil and from maize seed coats (Infestation of nine varieties of Paspalum to control Striga in legume intercropping. scrobiculatum by Striga densiflora varied Crop Protection 21: 611-619. (Phaseolus from 0-4% and yield reduction of individual beans, cowpea, and Vigna radiata were plants from 6-66%.) unaffected when planted over15 cm. from Jan, C.C. and Fernandez-Martinez, J.M. 2002. maize coated with pyrithiobac or imazapyr, Interspecific hybridization, gene transfer, and but were severely inhibited when planted the development of resistance to the within 12 cm.) broomrape race F in Spain. Helia 25(36): Kanampiu, F., Ransom, J., Gressel, J., Jewell, D., 123-136. Friesen, D., Grimanelli, D. and Hoisington, Jayusman. 2000. (The infestation intensity of D. 2002. Appropriateness of biotechnology to Loranthus spp. in Styrax sp. plantations in African agriculture: Striga and maize as North Tapanuli.) (in Indonesian) Buletin paradigms. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Penelitian Kehutanan - Pematang Siantar Culture 69(2): 105-110. Haustorium 42 December 2002 10

Kawakita, A. and Kato, M. 2002. Floral biology that costs of resistance and tolerance may be and unique pollination system of root one factor maintaining genetic variation in holoparasites, Balanophora kuroiwai and B. these traits.) tobiracola. American Journal of Botany 89: Lajeunesse, M.J. and Forbes, M.R. 2002. Host 1164-1170. (Studies of the two species in the range and local parasite adaptation. forests of S. Japan suggest that geitonogamy Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. (pollination within the monoecious Series B, Biological Sciences 269(1492): ) was most likely achieved by 703-710. (Covering parasitisation by fungi, ants or flightless cockroaches, and occasional arthropods and parasitic plants.) cross-pollination by pyralid moths.) Lebegue, A., Paré, J., Raynal-Roques, A. and Khan, Z.R., Hassanali, A., Overholt, W., Sallé, G. 2001. Embryology of parasitic Khamis, T.M., Hooper, A.M., Pickett, J.A., flowering plants and its applications in crop Wadhams, L.J. and Woodcock, C.M. 2002. biology. Phytomorphology. Golden Jubilee Control of witchweed Striga hermonthica by Issue: 337-351. intercropping with Desmodium spp., and the Leebens-Mack, J. and de Pamphilis, C. 2002. mechanism defined as allelopathic. Journal of Power analysis of tests for loss of selective Chemical Ecology 28: 1871-1885. (Studies constraint in cave crayfish and on Desmodium uncinatum and D. intortum nonphotosynthetic plant lineages. Molecular tend to confirm the presence of an Biology and Evolution 19: 1292-1302. allelopathic complex which stimulates (Concluding that rbcL has been retained in germination but inhibits haustorial holparasitic genera either because these taxa development.) are photosynthetic for at least a part of their Khan, Z.R., Pickett, J.A., Wadhams, L. and life or rbcL may have an unknown function Muyekho, F. 2001. Habitat management other than photosynthesis.) strategies for the control of cereal stemborers Lei Li, Yang FuQuan, Zhang TianYou, Tu and striga in maize in Kenya. Insect Science PengFei, Wu LiJun and Ito, Y. 2001. and its Application 21: 375-380. (Mainly on Preparative isolation and purification of stem-borer, but noting the reduction in Striga acteoside and 2'-acetyl acteoside from hermonthica by Desmodium uncinatum.) Cistanchs salsa (C.A. Mey.) G. Beck by Kim, S. K., Adetimirin, V.O., The, C. and high-speed counter-current chromatography Dossou, R. 2002.Yield losses in maize due to Journal of Chromatography, A 912(1): 181- Striga hermonthica in West and Central 185. Africa. International Journal of Pest Li ShiSheng, Gullbo, J., Lindholm, P., Larsson, Management.48: 211-217. (Reporting results R., Thunberg, E., Samuelsson, G., Bohlin, L. of trials between 1983 and 1989.) and Claeson, P. 2002. Ligatoxin B, a new Kim ChangSeok, Chung YoungJae and Oh cytotoxic protein with a novel helix-turn- SeMun 2000. Taxonomic evaluation of helix DNA-binding domain from the selected Cuscuta species (Cuscutaceae) based mistletoe Phoradendron liga. Biochemical on seed morphology. Korean Journal of Journal 366: 405-413. (Ligatoxin B shares a Weed Science 20(4) 255-263. (Giving keys three-dimensional structure with the to the sub-genera Monogyna, Cuscuta and viscotoxins and purothionins and so may Grammica, and some species.) have the same mode of cytotoxic action.) Kojic, M., Masirevic, S. and Jovanovic, D. 2001. Li YuCai, Pfuller, U., Larsson, E.L., Jungvid, H., Distribution and biodiversity of broomrape Galaev, I.Yu. and Mattiasson, B. 2001. (Orobanche L.) worldwide and in Serbia. Separation of mistletoe lectins based on the Helia 24(35): 73-91. (Reviewing the genus degree of glycosylation using boronate Orobanche of which 26 species occur in affinity chromatography. Journal of Serbia.) Chromatography, A 25: 115-121. (Studies Koskela, T., Puustinen, S., Salonen, V. and with lectins I and III from Viscum album.) Mutikainen, P. 2002. Resistance and Lin JerHuei, Chiou YiNing and Lin YunLian tolerance in a host plant-holoparasitic plant 2002. Phenolic glycosides from Viscum interaction: genetic variation and costs. angulatum. Journal of Natural Products 65: Evolution 56: 899-908. (Studies with Cuscuta 638-640. (Three new glycosides identified europaea on Urtica dioica indicate that host from V. angulatum in Taiwan.) tolerance and resistance can evolve as a Lopez de Buen, L., Ornelas, J.F. and Guadalupe response to infection by a parasitic plant and Garcia-Franco, J. 2002. Mistletoe infection of Haustorium 42 December 2002 11

trees located at fragmented forest edges in the cloud forests of Central Veracruz, Mexico. Marambe, B., Wijesundara, S., Tennakoon, K., Forest Ecology and Management 164(1/3): Pindeniya, D. and Jayasinghe, C. 2002. 293-302. (Studies with Psittacanthus Growth and development of Cuscuta schiedeanus on its preferred host tree chinensis Lam. and its impact on selected Liquidambar styraciflua.) crops. Weed Biology and Management 2(2): López Sáez, J.A., Catalán, P and Sáez, L. (eds.) 79-83. (C. chinensis grew best on, and caused 2002. Plantas Parásitas de la Peninsula severe damage on, tomato, was less vigorous Ibérica e Islas Baleares. (in Spanish) Editorial and caused less damage on chilli, and failed Mundi-Prensa, Madrid. 529 pp. to develop on rice.) McConnell, T., Gibson, K., Lockman, B., Mathiasen, R. and Howell, B. 2002. First report Sturdevant, N., Taylor, J., Berg, D., Little, of Arceuthobium hawksworthii in Honduras. G., James, B., Kegley, S., Randall, C. and Plant Disease 86: 815. (Occurring, together Kohler, S. 2001. Montana: forest insect and with Psittacanthus angustofolius and P. disease conditions and program highlights - pinicola, on Caribbean pine, Pinus caribaea 2000. Forest Health Protection Report - var. hundurensis.) Northern Region, USDA Forest Service, Matsubara, S., Gilmore, A.M., Ball, M.C., 2001, No.01-1, 34 pp. (Including reference to Anderson, J.M. and Osmond, C.B. 2002. Arceuthobium spp.) Sustained down-regulation of Photosystem II Madibela, O.R., Letso, M., Boitumelo, W.S., in mistletoes during winter depression of Masedi, M. and Alton, K, 2002. Chemical photosynthesis. Functional Plant Biology 29: composition of four parasitic plants harvested 1157-1169. (Studies on Amyema miquelii on over a period of 6 months from two sites in Eucalyptus blakeyi and E. melliodora.) Botswana. Animal Feed Science and Matthews, J.M. 2002. Herbicide and cropping Technology 95(3/4): 159-165. (Tapinanthus trials relevant to the eradication of branched lugardii, Erianthenum ngamicum, Viscum broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) in South rotundifolium, and V. verrucosum studied Australia. In: Jacob, H.S., Dodd, J. and with a view to their utilization by livestock.) Moore, J.H. (eds.) Proceedings 13th Maharshi, R.P. 2001. Orobanche cernua Loefl. - Australian Weeds Conference, Perth, a new menace to cumin and plantago in September, 2002. pp. 274-275. Rajasthan. Indian Journal of Plant Protection Monnet, Y. and Thibault, J. 2002. (Pests and 29(1/2): 149. (Serious damage caused.) diseases of basil.) (in French) PHM Revue Maloney, S.E. and Rizzo, D.M. 2002. Dwarf- Horticole 436: 40-41. (Illustrating an mistletoe-host interaction in mixed-conifer unspecified Cuscuta sp. on basil.) forests in the Sierra Nevada. Phytopathology Mooney, K.A. 2001. The life history of 92: 597-602. (No significant relationship of Dasypyga alternosquamella Ragonot and A. (Pyralidae) feeding on the Southwestern campylopodium on white fir () dwarf mistletoe () in and Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) respectively, Colorado. Journal of the Lepidopterists' with associated bark beetles. But degree of Society 55(4): 140-143. (Involving A. infection and stand history appear to be vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum, on Pinus important in the spatial dynamics of these ponderosa var. scopulorum.) two species.) Müller-Stöver, D., Kroschel, J., Thomas, H. and Maloney, P.E., Rizzo, D.M. 2002. Pathogens and Sauerborn, J. 2002. Chlamydospores of insects in a pristine forest ecosystem: the Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f.sp. Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja, Mexico. orthoceras (Appel & Wollenw.) Bilai as Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32: 448- inoculum for wheat-flour-kaolin granules to 457. (Phoradendron pauciflorum was one of be used for the biological control of the two commonest pests in mixed forest Orobanche cumana Wallr. European Journal including Pinus jeffreyi, P. lambertiana and of Plant Pathology 108: 221-228. Abies concolor.) Nagarajan, K. and Reddy, C.V.K. 2001. Mapongmetsem, P.M. 2002. The colonizing flora Resistant sources in tobacco germplasm of Canarium schweinfurthii in the grassfields against different diseases. Tobacco Research of Cameroon. Phytoparasitica 30(2): 119- 27(2): 197-199. (Screening large numbers of 127. (Including reference to Tapinanthus tobacco lines failed to reveal any with loranthus.) resistance to Orobanche cernua.) Haustorium 42 December 2002 12

Neumann, U. and Sallé, G. 2000. (Defence Ouedraogo, J.T., Gowda, B.S., Jean, M., Close, mechanisms of plants against parasitic T.J., Ehlers, J.D., Hall, A.E., Gillaspie, A.G., angiosperms.) (in French) Comptes rendus de Roberts, P.A., Ismail, A.M., Bruening, G., l'Academie d'Agriculture de France 86(8): Gepts, P., Timko, M.P. and Belzile, F.J. 85-96. (The importance of biotechnology in 2002. An improved genetic linkage map for the study of plant resistance against parasitic cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Combining angiosperms is discussed.) AFLP, RFLP, RAPD, biochemical markers, Nickrent, D.L., Blarer, A., Qiu, Y.-L., Soltis, and biological resistance traits. Genome D.E., Soltis, P.S., and Zanis, M. 2002. 45(1): 175-188. (In addition to the Molecular data place Hydnoraceae with construction of a new map, molecular Aristolochiaceae. American Journal of markers associated with various resistance Botany 89: 1809-1817. (Genes from the genes, and RGAs were also placed on the nucleus, chloroplast and mitochondrion were map, including markers for resistance to analyzed separately and in combination and Striga gesnerioides races 1 and 3.) the results support the monophyly of Ownley, B.H. 2002. Biological control of Hydnoraceae and the association of that clade tobacco diseases. In: Gnanamanickam, S.S. with Aristolochiaceae sensu lato (s.l.). (ed.) Biological Control of Crop Diseases, Despite over 11 kb of sequence data, 2002. pp.111-130. (Including Orobanche relationships within Aristolochiaceae s.l. spp.) remain unresolved, thus it cannot yet be Pacureanu-Joita, M., Vranceanu, A.V., Stanciu, determined whether Aristolochiaceae, D. and Raranciuc, S. 1999. High oleic acid Hydnoraceae, and Lactoridaceae should be content in sunflower genotypes in relation classified as distinct families. In contrast to with resistance to diseases. Romanian most traditional classifications, molecular Agricultural Research, 1999, No.11/12, phylogenetic analyses do not suggest a close pp.21-25. relationship between Hydnoraceae and Pae HyunOck, Oh GiSu, Seo WonGil, Shin Rafflesiaceae.) Minkyo, Hong SungGak, Lee HoSub and Nierhaus-Wunderwald, D. and Lawrenz, P. Chung HunTaeg. 2001. Misteltoe lectin 2001. (Biology of mistletoe.) (in Italian) synergizes with paclitaxel in human SK- Sherwood - Foreste ed Alberi Oggi 7(11): 19- Hep1 hepatocarcinoma cells. 24. (A review of Viscum album and its Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicolgy importance in Swiss forests.) 23: 531-540. (Results indicate the potential Oswald, A. and Ransom, J.K. 2002. Response of clinical usefulness of ML-I combination maize varieties to transplanting in Striga- therapy with paclitaxel.) infested fields. Weed Science 50: 392-396. Pageau, K., Rousset, A., Simier, P., Delavault, (Transplanting greatly reduced emergence of P., Zehhar, N. and Fer, A. 2000. (Special Striga hermonthica and greatly improved features of mechanisms controlling grain yields of 3 Striga-susceptible maize germination and carbon and nitrogen varieties but not that of the early maturing metabolism in two parasitic angiosperms: Morogoro.) Striga hermonthica and Orobanche ramosa.) Oswald, A., Ransom, J.K., Kroschel, J. and (in French) Comptes rendus de l'Academie Sauerborn, J. 2002. Intercropping controls d'Agriculture de France 86(8): 69-84. Striga in maize based farming systems. Crop Park ChoonHo, Lee DongWook, Kang TaeBong, Protection 21: 367-374. (Eight legumes tested Lee KwanHee, Yoon TaekJoon, Kim as in-row or between-row-planted, JongBae, Do MyoungSool and Song simultaneous or relay-planted intercrops. SeongKyu 2001. cDNA cloning and Yellow gram (Vigna radiata) and cowpea sequence analysis of the lectin genes of the most effective in reducing Striga: groundnut, Korean mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum). Phaseolus bean, V. radiata and bambara, Molecules and Cells 12: 215-220. simultaneously planted, gave greatest, 40- Pazy, B. and Plitmann, U. 2002. New 120%, increases in total crop production: perspectives on the mechanisms of mechanism of Striga suppression assumed to chromosome evolution in parasitic flowering be a combination of shading, humidity and plants. Botanical Journal of the Linnean temperature. The technique needs to be Society 138(1): 117-122. (Based on a combined with hand-pulling for long-term cytological study of parasitic flowering plants benefit.) in Israel.) Haustorium 42 December 2002 13

Pennings, S.C. and Callaway, R.M. 2002. interactions have contributed to the Parasitic plants: parallels and contrasts with diversification of New World mistletoes. herbivores. Oecologia 131: 479-489. (A Data are presented on birds feeding on broad-ranging and interesting review.) mistletoe fruits at 2 sites.) Rüdiger, H., Gabius, S. and Gabius, H.J. 2001. Perez-Vich, B., Akhtouch, B., Munoz-Ruz, J., (From diabetes with Glucobay (R) therapy to Fernandez-Martinez, J.M. and Jan, C.C. alternative cancer treatment with mistletoe 2002. Inheritance of resistance to a highly extracts. Sugar code and lectins in medicine virulent race F of Orobanche cumana Wallr. and pharmacy.) (in German) Zeitschrift für in a sunflower line derived from interspecific Phytotherapie 22(4): 182-192. amphiploids. Helia 25(36): 137-144. Rugutt, J.K., Rugutt, K.J. and Berner, D.K. 2001. (Suggesting that the resistance derived from Limonoids from Nigerian Harrisonia the wild perennials, Helianthus divaricatus abyssinica and their stimulatory activity and H. grosseserratus, is controlled by a against Striga hermonthica seeds. Journal of single dominant gene.) Natural Products 64: 1434-1438. (A new Piszker, Z. 2001. (Studies on pathogenicity of limonoid, deoxyobacunone, was isolated broomrape (Orobanche cernua Loefl.) from root bark of H. abyssinica and populations of sunflower.) (in Hungarian) compared with several others for their Novenyvedelem 37(4): 173-182. (Line P- structure/activity as germination stimulants 1380A was resistant to race E of O. cernua for S. hermonthica. They were active at 10-3 - and to some other local virulent populations.) 10 -5 M.) Pratt, R.A. 2002. Small-seeded dodder (Cuscuta Ruhland, B.M. and Calvin, C.L. 2001. planiflora Ten.), a new weed threat to Morphological aspects of seedling Australian agriculture. In: Jacob, H.S., Dodd, establishment in four temperate region J. and Moore, J.H. (eds.) Proceedings 13th Phoradendron (Viscaceae) species. Madrono Australian Weeds Conference, Perth, 48(2): 79-89. (Differences between P. September, 2002. pp. 276-279. (Occurring in densum, P. villosum, P. juniperinum and P. rape and lupin crops.) californicum are discussed in terms of Rambakudzibga, A.M., Manschadi, A.M. and morphological, ecological and evolutionary Sauerborn, J. 2002. Host-parasite relations implications.) between cowpea and Alectra vogelii. Weed Salehi, M., Izadpanah, K. and Taghizadeh, M. Research 42: 249-256. (In pot experiments, 2000. Herbaceous host range of lime witches' A. vogelii did not reduce total biomass but broom phytoplasma in Iran. Iranian Journal increased ratio of root growth and decreased of Plant Pathology 36: 343-353. (Noting pod weights.) transmission between hosts by Cuscuta Rapparini, G. 2002. (Weed control in beet.) (in bridge.) Italian) Informatore Agrario Supplemento Sallé, G., Tuquet, C., Neumann, U 2000. 58(2): 66-75. (Mention of herbicide (Parasitic angiosperms: biology and methods treatments failing to control heavy of control.) (in French) Comptes rendus de infestations of Cuscuta sp.) l'Academie d'Agriculture de France 86(8): Reizelman, A. and Zwanenburg, B 2002. An 59-67. (A review.) efficient enantioselective synthesis of Sanjai, V.N. and Balakrishnan, N.P. 2001. strigolactones with a palladium-catalyzed Viscum malurianum (Viscaceae), a new asymmetric coupling as the key step. species from India. Nordic Journal of Botany European Journal of Organic Chemistry 5: 21: 267-269. (No indication of host.) 810-814. Sanjai, V.N. and Balakrishnan, N.P. 2001. Restrepo, C., Sargent, S., Levey, D.J. and Viscum acaciae Danser (Viscaceae) - a new Watson, D.M. 2002. The role of vertebrates record for India. Journal of Economic and in the diversification of new world Taxonomic Botany 25(1): 18-20. (Usual mistletoes. In: Levey, D.J., Silva, W.R. and hosts are Acacia leucophloea and Santalum Galetti, M. (eds.) Proceedings, Third album.) International Symposium-Workshop on Schmidt, D.J., Rice, S.J. 2002. Association of Frugivores and Seed Dispersal, Sao Pedro, ants with juvenile Ogyris amaryllis amaryllis Brazil, August, 2000. pp.83-98. (Results of Hewitson (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in studies in Colombia and Costa Rica support south-eastern Queensland. Australian Journal the hypothesis that vector-parasite Haustorium 42 December 2002 14

of Entomology 41: 164-169. (Apparently Soto-Gamboa, M. and Bozinovic, F. 2002. - occurring on ‘mistletoe trees’.) disperser interaction in a mistletoe-bird Sessions, L.A. and Kelly, D. 2001. system: a comparison of two mechanisms of Heterogeneity in vertebrate and invertebrate fruits processing on seed germination. Plant herbivory and its consequences for New Ecology 159: 171-174. (In studies with Zealand mistletoes. Austral Ecology 26: 571- Tristerix aphyllus on cacti, regurgitation by 581. (Comparing the effects of predation by bird seed vectors was more frequent than possums and by insects on Alepis flavida, defaecation but the latter resulted in longer Peraxilla colensoi, and Peraxilla radicles.) tetrapetala.) Souza, V.C., Elias, S.I. and Giulietti, A.M. 2001. Seyrek, K. and Kaltner, H. 2001. (Determination Notes on Agalinis (Scrophulariaceae) from of galactose residues in bovine fetal and adult Brazil. Novon 11: 484-488. (Two new pancreas by means of mistletoe lectin I.) (in species, A. itambensis and A. nana are Turkish) Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, Uludag described and illustrated and the new Universitesi 19(1/2): 121-125. combination A. schwackeana presented.) Sharma, M.P. 2002. Balanophora dioica Royle Stefanović, S., Krueger, L. and Olmstead, R.G. (Balanophoraceae): an addition to the 2002. Monophily of the Convolvulaceae and flora of Delhi. Journal of Economic and circumscription of their major lineages based Taxonomic Botany 26(1): 103-104. on DNA sequences of multiple chloroplast Siegle, I., Fritz, P., McClellan, M., Gutzeit, S. loci. American Journal of Botany 89: 1510- and Murdter, T. 2001. Combined cytotoxic 1522. (‘Results indicate that Convolvulaceae action of Viscum album agglutinin-1 and are monophyletic and sister to Solanaceae. anticancer agents against human A549 lung Two of the 3 groups that have been proposed cancer cells. Anticancer Research 21: 2687- previously as separate families, Cuscuta and 2692. (Combinations with doxorubicin, Dichondreae, are nested within cisplatin and taxol were additive in effect.) Convolvulaceae in this analysis. The exact Sinha, A. and Bawa, K.S. 2002. Harvesting position of Cuscuta could not be techniques, hemiparasites and fruit ascertained.’) production in two non-timber forest tree Sugimoto, Y., Ahmed, N.E., Yasuda, N and species in south India. Forest Ecology and Inanaga, S. 2002. Trichothecene inhibitors of Management 168(1/3): 289-300. (The growth Striga hermonthica germination produced by of Phyllanthus emblica and P. indofischeri is Fusarium solani. Weed Science 50: 658-661. significantly affected by the presence of (Studies with neosolaniol and its mono and unspecified Loranthaceae.) diacetate derivatives showed complete Smestad, B.T., Tiessen, H. and Buresh, R.J. inhibition of parasite germination at 24 µM 2002. Short fallows of Tithonia diversifolia but also some inhibition of sorghum growth.) and Crotalaria grahamiana for soil fertility Sugimoto, Y., Miyamoto, M., Inanaga, S. and improvement in western Kenya. Agroforestry Ahmed, N.E. 2001. Non-host plant tissue Systems 55: 181-194. (31-week managed cultures produce haustorial inducing fallows raised soil fertility and organic substance for root parasitic weed Striga matter, and post-fallow maize yields were hermonthica. Recent Research Developments improved, but there was an indication that T. in Phytochemistry 5: 1-10. (Discussing a bio- diversifolia may have stimulated infestation assay method.) of Striga hermonthica.) Szelag, Z. 2001. Orobanche bartlingii Sofletea, N. and Stanescu, V. 2000. (Directions (Orobanchaceae), a species new to Poland. and implications of ecological genetics in Polish Botanical Journal 46: 79-81. silviculture.) (in Romanian) Revista Padurilor (Describing a new species, related to O. 115(3): 1-3. (Discusses interaction between alsatica, parasitising Libanotis (Seseli) Abies alba and ‘mistletoe’, Viscum album?) pyrenaica.) Solymosi, P. and Horvath, Z. 2001. (Infraspecific Tabiasco, J., Pont, F., Fournie, J.J. and taxa of the Orobanche ramosa L. in Vercellone, A. 2002. Mistletoe viscotoxins Hungary.) (in Hungarian) Novenyvedelem increase natural killer cell-mediated 37(4): 183-186. (Forma. polyclonos and f. cytotoxicity. European Journal of cyanea were frequent while f. monoclonos Biochemistry 269: 2591-2600. (Showing that and f. albiflora were rare.) non-toxic, nanomolar concentrations of viscotoxins A1, A2, and A3 from Viscum Haustorium 42 December 2002 15

album increase natural killer (NK) cell- University 25(5): 33-36. (P. rigoidula thrives mediated killing of tumour cells.) mainly on Taxillus calareas var fargesii.) Tanase, M. and Oprean, L. 2001. Research on Zonno, M.C. and Vurro, M. 2002. Inhibition of the spreading of Cuscuta L. germination of Orobanche ramosa seeds by (Convolvulaceae) in the county of Sibiu, Fusarium toxins. Phytoparasitica 30: 519- Romania. Feddes Repertorium 112: 401-405. 524. (Of 18 toxins tested, 7 caused 100% (Seven species recorded - C. campestris, C. inhibition of germination at 10 µM. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. europaea, C. Diacetoxyscirpenol caused 95% inhibition at lupuliformis, C. monogyna and C. trifolii and 0.1 µM.) 64 new host plants identified.) Thammaiah, N., Kanamadi, V.C. and Shirol, A.M. 2001. Survey on sapota diseases in different parts of Northern Karnataka. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences 14: 1097-1099. (Observing unspecified ‘Loranthus’ spp. on Manilkara zapota.) Trivedi, G.C., Patel, R.B., Patel, B.D., Meisuriya, M.I. and Patel, V.J. 2000. Some problematic weeds and their management - a review. Agricultural Reviews 21(4): 238-243. (Including Cuscuta spp., Orobanche spp., Striga spp.) Tue Man Luong 2002. Competitive effects within and between Santalum album and pot host Alternanthera dentata. Sandalwood Research Newsletter 16: 4-6. (Optimal density for growth of S. album found to be one S. album per 2 plants of the host.) Vaughn, K.C. 2002. Attachment of the parasitic weed dodder to the host. Protoplasma 219: 227-237. (Studies with Cuscuta pentagona show that attachment to the host involves differentiation of epidermal cells in the parasite into trichomes which secrete a cementing layer of pectin.) Vernes, T. and Robson, K. 2002. Indian sandalwood industry in Australia. Sandalwood Research Newsletter 16: 1-4. (Describing the recent expansion of Santalum album plantations in Australia and prospects HAUSTORIUM 42 for the future.) has been edited by Chris Parker, 5 Royal York Yoneyama, K. and Sugimoto, Y. 1999. Crescent, Bristol BS8 4JZ, UK (Email (Chemical stimulation of seed germination of [email protected]), Lytton John root parasitic weeds, Striga and Orobanche Musselman, Parasitic Plant Laboratory, spp.) (in Japanese) Chemical Regulation of Department of Biological Sciences, Old Plants 34(2): 181-190. (A review.) Dominion University, Norfolk Virginia 23529- Zalom, F.G., Lanini, W.T., Miyao, G. and Davis, 0266, USA (fax 757 683 5283; Email R.M. 2001. A continuum of integrated pest [email protected]) and Jim Westwood, Dept. management practices in processing of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed tomatoes. In: Hartz, T.K. (ed.) Acta Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061- Horticulturae, 542: 55-62. (Including mention 0331, USA (Email [email protected]). Send of scouting techniques and thresholds used material for publication to any of the editors. for control of Cuscuta sp.) Zheng XingFeng and Ding YuLong 2001. Printing and mailing has been supported by Old Morphological features of Phacellaria Dominion University. rigidula Benth. Journal of Nanjing Forestry