DOCSLIB.ORG

Haustorium 50 Issue!

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

HAUSTORIUM 50 January 2007 1 HAUSTORIUM Parasitic Plants Newsletter Official Organ of the International Parasitic Plant Society 50th ISSUE! January 2007 Number 50 MESSAGE FROM THE IPPS PRESIDENT acquaintances between those interested in parasitic Dear IPPS Members, plants. The IPPS wishes you a happy festive season and a While the main reports during the early years of peaceful and happy 2007. We all wish that the New Haustorium were on taxonomic, anatomical and Year will bring a better understanding of parasitic physiological aspects of parasitic plants, the recent plants, and new breakthroughs in our ability to control issues also report on significant progress in molecular parasitic weeds. research of parasitic plants, with emphasis on three In addition to celebrating the birth of a new year, we main areas: (a) genome studies of parasitic plants, are also happily celebrating the issue of the 50th including evolutionary, genetic and physiological edition of Haustorium, the well established considerations; (b) the development of new resistances Newsletter of the parasitic plant research community. It against parasitic weeds either directly by genetic is my pleasure to send our special thanks and engineering or indirectly by the employment of appreciation to the dedicated founding Editors of herbicide resistance; and (c) the development of Haustorium and honorary members of the IPPS, Chris molecular markers for diagnostic purposes, and for Parker and Lytton Musselman, for their immense marker-assisted selection, serving more efficient long lasting contribution in distributing updated breeding of various crops for resistance against knowledge on parasitic plants to all parts of the world, parasitic weeds. gathering pieces of information on a variety of aspects Another encouraging development of the last decade is of parasitic plant biology and on the management of the availability of a number of effective means for the parasitic weeds, for the benefit of us all. control of Orobanche and Striga in some important The first issue of Haustorium was published in crops like maize and tomato. While almost no means December 1978, aiming to present a form of for the control of parasitic weeds were available in the communication that 'would meanwhile serve a useful seventies and eighties, we now have at least two groups purpose in keeping workers in contact with each other of herbicides (sulfonylureas and imidazolinones) that and with research results which are not always readily can effectively control parasitic weeds in low doses. accessible to all concerned', with main emphasis on These aspects and many others will be presented and Orobanche and Striga. discussed in the coming Parasitic Plants Congress in And indeed, during almost thirty years since it was first Charlottesville (USA) next June. We are looking published, Haustorium reflected the important progress forward to your registration and scientific contribution in the knowledge and understanding of parasitic plants, to the success of the Congress (for more information and even more so, in our ability to control Orobanche see: http://www.cpe.vt.edu/wcopp/index.html). and Striga. Haustorium is and has been an important source of information, and a valuable link for new Daniel M. Joel IPPS President HAUSTORIUM 50 January 2007 2 information is still feeble in places. As Soltis and Soltis GUEST EDITORIAL wrote a few years ago, future work ‘will require new morphological and molecular data for many groups, I am very appreciative of having been asked to set down including both a search for new characters and filling in some thoughts at the 50th issue of ‘Haustorium’. data’ for many groups. In what used to be called Needless to say, the first item on the agenda is to thank Scrophulariaceae, molecular data have produced great the members of the Editorial Team for their splendid upheavals. All parasites of this alliance are now united work in keeping ‘Haustorium’ going. It is quite with Orobanchaceae, the older family name. In impossible to keep abreast of all publications in this Santalales, Dan Nickrent and coworkers are looking diverse field, and the network that radiates out from the forward to a resolution of phylogenetic affinities which, Editorial Team has been invaluable to many of us. May no doubt, will have some surprising results. ‘Haustorium’ long continue! I cannot avoid a feeling of sadness that some aspects of When I look back over the decades since my 1969 book the study of parasitic plants have very nearly been I am both astonished at the accomplishments and sidelined. Although some individual physiological worried about some trends which we see around us. In contributions have been made, what do we really know some areas, progress has been uneven. I do not pretend about the physiology of mistletoes or Orobanchaceae to be "on top of" the agricultural aspects of parasitic that we didn't know 40 years ago? The crucial plants, but it seems to me that the early promise of penetration into host tissues is no better understood than control of the terrible Striga problems in Africa seems it was a century ago: the statement that it probably to be fading, and the same might be said in the requires a combination of physical and enzymatic Orobanche area. Innumerable field trials have been processes almost reads like a tired mantra. With a done on a local basis - but the face of starvation couple of bright exceptions (I am thinking of Brian continues to stare at us in many places where Striga is Fineran's remarkable study of Nuytsia floribunda, for rampant. Effective control seems to be beyond our example, but also the recent Arceuthobium publication grasp. Many of us know that there are significant by David Lye), the same can be said for haustorial sociological and political dimensions here which structure. There are still several families in which the complicate things even further. Looking at the positive structure of the haustorial interface is practically side, it is rather remarkable that no economically unknown (Lennoaceae, Balanophoraceae, important parasites have followed our footsteps to lands Hydnoraceae). With the exception of a superficial study where they could do serious damage. For years I have on Psittacanthus, and Jim Mauseth's work on Tristerix sensed the danger, for example, of Aeginetia making its aphyllus, no anatomical information is available in this way to the sugarcane fields of Hawaii and tropical area for any tropical Loranthaceae, whether in the Old America. Considering the amount of present or in the New World. We can never understand international travel, it is a miracle that it has not parasitism until we have an adequate grasp of haustorial happened yet. structure. It is my hope that the next generation may fill many of these serious gaps. The continuance of My own interests, from the beginning, have been of a ‘Haustorium’ will be a significant help in the future. structural and systematic sort and that bias, naturally, colors my view of what has been accomplished. I feel Job Kuijt that the systematics of mistletoes has progressed Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Victoria, strikingly in the most recent decades. Brian Barlow has BC, Canada. done a splendid job in updating the mistletoes of Australasia, and the magnificent monograph of African mistletoes by Roger Polhill and Del Wiens has set a HOW HAUSTORIUM HAPPENS standard not likely to be reached by anyone else. Africa is a "dark continent" no longer in the mistletoe world. In Publication of the 50th issue of this newsletter and its the neo-tropics, I am struggling to make at least the success as an organ of information on parasitic plants is larger genera a bit more transparent, but have a long something that the two of us could not have imagined. ways to go. In the (new) Orobanchaceae, a thorough Therefore, we thought it would be appropriate if we monograph of Harveya has just appeared, and I am told were to give some history on the newsletter which we a monograph of the Santalaceous Thesium is on the have jointly edited since its inception. way. It is essential that such monographic studies continue. More and more, they will incorporate vital The primordium of Haustorium goes back to Chris’ molecular information. But the backbone of structural involvement with the EWRC (European Weed Research HAUSTORIUM 50 January 2007 3 Council) Working Group on Parasitic Weeds. It had years now the aim has been to include ALL items of circulated a few newsletters of a sort (sadly none of relevance that we encounter. Since closure of the Long those newsletters survives; if anyone else has any we Ashton Research Station, Bristol, and removal of its would love know) but the main achievement of that library, this has depended increasingly on CAB group was to arrange the first Parasitic Weed International’s Weed Abstracts but this does not cover Symposium in Malta in 1973, attended by about 35 all items of interest and we are glad to have attention enthusiasts including Job Kuijt, Siny ter Borg, Piet drawn to those that might otherwise be missed. While Wolswinkel and Jose Cubero in addition to ourselves. Chris is mainly responsible for the summaries, we are Subsequently, it was felt that, because of the increasing grateful to Jim Westwood for help with those that are emphasis on non-European problems, especially Striga, beyond our competence. While we have no wish to it was no longer justified to use EWRC funds for this become a fully-fledged journal we have included brief activity. Thanks to the initiative of the Canadian research notes and would welcome more, in addition to International Development Research Centre (IDRC) a relevant news items.. Striga Workshop was organised in Sudan in November 1978 at which time we discussed the possibility of a Composition and formatting of each issue happens on newsletter.
Recommended publications
  • Major Heretofore Intractable Biotic Constraints to African Food Security

    Major Heretofore Intractable Biotic Constraints to African Food Security

    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by ICRISAT Open Access Repository ARTICLE IN PRESS Crop Protection 23 (2004) 661–689 Major heretofore intractable biotic constraints to African food security that may be amenable to novel biotechnological solutions Jonathan Gressela,*, Abdelhaq Hanafib, Graham Headc, Wally Marasasd,A. Babatunde Obilanae, James Ochandaf, Thouraya Souissig, George Tzotzosh a Department of Plant Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel b Department of Plant Protection, IAV Hassan II, Complexe Horticole d’Agadir, BP:12042, Cite Balneaire Agadir, Morocco c Monsanto LLC, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63167, USA d PROMEC Unit, Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa e ICRISAT Nairobi, PO Box 39063 Nairobi, Kenya f Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, P. O. BOX 30197, Nairobi, Kenya g INAT. Lab. Botanique & Malherbologie, Tunisia h Ferrogasse 27, A-1180, Vienna, Austria Received 1 September 2003; received in revised form 9 October 2003; accepted 28 November 2003 Abstract The input costs of pesticides to control biotic constraints are often prohibitive to the subsistence farmers of Africa and seed based solutions to biotic stresses are more appropriate. Plant breeding has been highly successful in dealing with many pest problems in Africa, especially diseases, but is limited to the genes available within the crop genome. Years of breeding and studying cultural practices have not always been successful in alleviating many problems that biotechnology may be able to solve. We pinpoint the major intractable regional problems as: (1) weeds: parasitic weeds (Striga and Orobanche spp.) throughout Africa; grass weeds of wheat (Bromus and Lolium) intractable to herbicides in North Africa; (2) insect and diseases: stem borers and post-harvest grain weevils in sub-Saharan Africa; Bemesia tabaci (white fly) as the vector of the tomato leaf curl virus complex on vegetable crops in North Africa; and (3) the mycotoxins: fumonisins and aflatoxins in stored grains.
  • ED45E Rare and Scarce Species Hierarchy.Pdf

    ED45E Rare and Scarce Species Hierarchy.Pdf

    104 Species 55 Mollusc 8 Mollusc 334 Species 181 Mollusc 28 Mollusc 44 Species 23 Vascular Plant 14 Flowering Plant 45 Species 23 Vascular Plant 14 Flowering Plant 269 Species 149 Vascular Plant 84 Flowering Plant 13 Species 7 Mollusc 1 Mollusc 42 Species 21 Mollusc 2 Mollusc 43 Species 22 Mollusc 3 Mollusc 59 Species 30 Mollusc 4 Mollusc 59 Species 31 Mollusc 5 Mollusc 68 Species 36 Mollusc 6 Mollusc 81 Species 43 Mollusc 7 Mollusc 105 Species 56 Mollusc 9 Mollusc 117 Species 63 Mollusc 10 Mollusc 118 Species 64 Mollusc 11 Mollusc 119 Species 65 Mollusc 12 Mollusc 124 Species 68 Mollusc 13 Mollusc 125 Species 69 Mollusc 14 Mollusc 145 Species 81 Mollusc 15 Mollusc 150 Species 84 Mollusc 16 Mollusc 151 Species 85 Mollusc 17 Mollusc 152 Species 86 Mollusc 18 Mollusc 158 Species 90 Mollusc 19 Mollusc 184 Species 105 Mollusc 20 Mollusc 185 Species 106 Mollusc 21 Mollusc 186 Species 107 Mollusc 22 Mollusc 191 Species 110 Mollusc 23 Mollusc 245 Species 136 Mollusc 24 Mollusc 267 Species 148 Mollusc 25 Mollusc 270 Species 150 Mollusc 26 Mollusc 333 Species 180 Mollusc 27 Mollusc 347 Species 189 Mollusc 29 Mollusc 349 Species 191 Mollusc 30 Mollusc 365 Species 196 Mollusc 31 Mollusc 376 Species 203 Mollusc 32 Mollusc 377 Species 204 Mollusc 33 Mollusc 378 Species 205 Mollusc 34 Mollusc 379 Species 206 Mollusc 35 Mollusc 404 Species 221 Mollusc 36 Mollusc 414 Species 228 Mollusc 37 Mollusc 415 Species 229 Mollusc 38 Mollusc 416 Species 230 Mollusc 39 Mollusc 417 Species 231 Mollusc 40 Mollusc 418 Species 232 Mollusc 41 Mollusc 419 Species 233
  • HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 1 HAUSTORIUM Parasitic Plants Newsletter

    HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 1 HAUSTORIUM Parasitic Plants Newsletter

    HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 1 HAUSTORIUM Parasitic Plants Newsletter Official Organ of the International Parasitic Plant Society August 2005 Number 45 IPPS –A MESSAGE FROM THE SECRETARY Science Congress (IWSC), by which the parasitic weed researchers were exposed to the broader scope Dear IPPS Members, of weed science and the IWSC participants could Our most recent Symposium on Parasitic Weeds, take part in presentations and discussions during our which took place in Durban (South Africa) last Symposium. We are grateful to the organizers of the June, was a wonderful occasion to learn about IWSC, and in particular to Baruch Rubin, Vice- progress in many areas of parasitic plant research, to President of the IWSS and member of our Board, discuss new ideas, to meet old friends and for help and encouragement regarding the colleagues, and to make new acquaintances. Let me coordination of these two scientific meetings. take this opportunity to once again thank everyone The International Scientific Committee, with who contributed to the meeting; it was in many representative of the major areas of parasitic plant ways a resounding success! research and control, evaluated all submitted The International Parasitic Plants Society was abstracts, and the final program was constructed inaugurated during the International Parasitic according to their recommendations. We happily Weeds Conference in Nantes. Due to some legal thank all members of the committee for their difficulties it was possible to officially register the contribution to the success of the Symposium. The IPPS as an international society only in 2002. The Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Board of Directors provided the Executive Parasitic Weeds can be downloaded from the IPPS Committee with recommendations that are now website at http://www.ppws.vt.edu/IPPS/ .
  • Transgenics Are Imperative for Biofuel Crops

    Transgenics Are Imperative for Biofuel Crops

    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Plant Science 174 (2008) 246–263 www.elsevier.com/locate/plantsci Review Transgenics are imperative for biofuel crops Jonathan Gressel a,b,* a Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel b Assif Strategies Ltd, Yakum 60972, Israel Received 29 October 2007; accepted 23 November 2007 Available online 3 December 2007 Abstract Petroleum dependency is a challenge that can potentially be partly offset by agricultural production of biofuels, while decreasing net, non- renewable carbon dioxide output. Plants have not been domesticated for modern biofuel production, and the quickest, most efficient, and often, the only way to convert plants to biofuel feedstocks is biotechnologically. First generation biofuel feedstock sources: sugarcane and cereal grains to produce bioethanol and biobutanol and oilseeds to produce biodiesel compete directly with needs for world food security. The heavy use of oilseed rape releases quantities of methyl bromide to the atmosphere, which can be prevented by gene suppression. Second generation bioethanolic/biobutanolic biofuels will come from cultivated lignocellulosic crops or straw wastes. These presently require heat and acid to remove lignin, which could be partially replaced by transgenically reducing or modifying lignin content and upregulating cellulose biosynthesis. Non-precipitable silicon emissions from burning could be reduced by transgenically modulating silicon content. The shrubby Jatropha and castor beans should have highly toxic protein components transgenically removed from their meal, cancer potentiating diterpenes removed from the oils, and allergens from the pollen, before extensive cultivation. Algae and cyanobacteria for third generation biodiesel need transgenic manipulation to deal with ‘‘weeds’’, light penetration, photoinhibition, carbon assimilation, etc.
  • Dwarf Mistletoes: Biology, Pathology, and Systematics

    Dwarf Mistletoes: Biology, Pathology, and Systematics

    This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. CHAPTER 10 Anatomy of the Dwarf Mistletoe Shoot System Carol A. Wilson and Clyde L. Calvin * In this chapter, we present an overview of the Morphology of Shoots structure of the Arceuthobium shoot system. Anatomical examination reveals that dwarf mistletoes Arceuthobium does not produce shoots immedi­ are indeed well adapted to a parasitic habit. An exten­ ately after germination. The endophytic system first sive endophytic system (see chapter 11) interacts develops within the host branch. Oftentimes, the only physiologically with the host to obtain needed evidence of infection is swelling of the tissues near the resources (water, minerals, and photosynthates); and infection site (Scharpf 1967). After 1 to 3 years, the first the shoots provide regulatory and reproductive func­ shoots are produced (table 2.1). All shoots arise from tions. Beyond specialization of their morphology (Le., the endophytic system and thus are root-borne shoots their leaves are reduced to scales), the dwarf mistle­ (Groff and Kaplan 1988). In emerging shoots, the toes also show peculiarities of their structure that leaves of adjacent nodes overlap and conceal the stem. reflect their phylogenetic relationships with other As the internodes elongate, stem segments become mistletoes and illustrate a high degree of specialization visible; but the shoot apex remains tightly enclosed by for the parasitic habit. From Arceuthobium globosum, newly developing leaf primordia (fig. 10.lA). Two the largest described species with shoots 70 cm tall oppositely arranged leaves, joined at their bases, occur and 5 cm in diameter, toA.
  • Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe Common Cause of Brooming in Lodgepole Pine

    Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe Common Cause of Brooming in Lodgepole Pine

    Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe Common cause of brooming in lodgepole pine Pathogen—Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum) is the most widely distributed, one of the most damag- ing, and one of the best studied dwarf mistletoes in North America. Aerial shoots are yellowish to olive green, 2-3 1/2 inches (5-9 cm) long (maximum 12 inches [30 cm]) and up to 1/25-1/8 inch (1-3 mm) diameter (figs. 1-2). The distribution generally follows that of its principal host, lodgepole pine, in the Rocky Mountain Region (fig. 3). Hosts—Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe infects primarily its namesake, but ponderosa pine is considered a secondary host of this species. However, lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe can sustain itself and even be aggressive in pure stands of Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine in northern Colorado and southern Wyoming sometimes a mile or more away from infected lodgepole pine. This infection generally occurs in areas outside the range of ponderosa pine’s usual parasite, southwestern dwarf mistletoe. Figure 1. Flowering male lodgepole pine dwarf mistletow plant para- Figure 2. Female lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe plant with imma- sitizing lodgepole pine. Photo: Brian Howell, USDA Forest Service. ture fruit parasitizing lodgepole pine. Note the basal cups left behind where old shoots have fallen off. Photo: Brian Howell, USDA Forest Service. Signs and Symptoms—Signs of infection are shoots and basal cups (fig. 2) found at infection sites. Symptoms include witches’ brooms, swelling of in- fected branches, and dieback. Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe infections grow systemically with the branches they infect, sometimes causing large witches’ brooms with elongated, loosely hanging branches.
  • An Account of Orobanche L. in Britain and Ireland

    An Account of Orobanche L. in Britain and Ireland

    Watsonia, 18, 257-295 (1991) 257 An accountof OrobancheL. in Britain and Ireland J. RUMSEY and S. L. JURY Departmentof Botany, Universityof Reading,P.O. Box 221,Reading, Berkshire, RG6 2AS ABSTRACT Morphological descriptions are given of the 14 speciesof Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) recorded in the British Isles, together with separate keys for identifying fresh material and herbarium specimens. Accounts of the history of the speciesare presented together with illustrations and distribution maps. The variation in Orobanche minor is accounted for with the recognition of four varieties. INTRODUcnON ..,,; . The genus Orobanche is renowned as a taxonomically very difficult one. In most casesthis is a result of many of the useful charactersbecoming lost on drying, and the lack of adequate field notes. Plants which are very distinct in the field become reduced to a hideous brown uniformity when pressed. Therefore, herbarium specimens are often incorrectly determined (an average of 5-10% in fact). The loss of characters on drying, considerable intra-specific variation, confusing synonymies, incorrectly cited names and badly described specieswith poor types (often with different specieson the same sheet) have done little to generate interest in the genus. Too many botanists have shown a reluctance to deal with this genusin herbaria, perpetuating the myth that the speciesare impossible to identify once dried. Certainly, Orobanche minor Sm. and its close relatives often cannot be positively determined without descriptive notes made at the time of gathering, but all other species from the British Isles are distinct enough not to need any additional information. It is hoped that this account will stimulate other botanists to study, identify and record members of this fascinating parasitic genus in Britain and Ireland, as well as clear up some errors and confusions made in the past.
  • Intriguing World of Weeds Orobanche-The Broomrapes1

    Intriguing World of Weeds Orobanche-The Broomrapes1

    Intriguing World of Weeds Orobanche-The Broomrapes1 LARRY W. MIT1CH2 INTRODUCTION other early botanists. Broomrape first appeared in En!!­ Orobanchaceae, the broomrape family, comprises ap­ lish in Dodoens, "a new herbal or historie of plants" :is proximately 150 species in. 17 genera. Four genera translated from the French by Henry Lyte (1529?-1607) represented by four species occur in and published in 1578. Wrote he, "That excrescence the southeastern U.S. (21). A comming from the roote of Broome is called in Latine majority of the genera and about Ragum Genistae, that is to say Broome Rape" (20). 90% of the species in Oroban­ Cattle and sheep graze broomrape shoots with impu­ chaceae are Old World natives. The nity. However, the seeds pass unharmed through their family is primarily'one of the north­ alimentary tracts and can infest tobacco plants (9). ern warm and temperate zones. Indiscriminate grazing in infested fields disseminates the parasite. Only about 10% of the species oc­ cur in the tropics; only one species reaches the arctic (21). ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE A few species in Orobanchaceae are used in folk Broomrape-infested crops result in great economi-: medicine (21). Several Old World species are widely losses in southern Europe, particularly to beans distributed weeds. The genus Orobanche accommodates (Phaseolus sp.) in Italy. In the U.S., broomrape causes about 60 species of unbranched parasitic herbs, without considerable yield losses in tobacco, clover, tomatoes chlorophyll (21). The broomrapes are variable in color, (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), sunflowers (Helian­ ranging from yellowish-brown and reddish-violet to thus annuus L.), and broad beans (Vicia faba L.).
  • Genetic Glass Ceilings Gressel, Jonathan

    Genetic Glass Ceilings Gressel, Jonathan

    Genetic Glass Ceilings Gressel, Jonathan Published by Johns Hopkins University Press Gressel, Jonathan. Genetic Glass Ceilings: Transgenics for Crop Biodiversity. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008. Project MUSE. doi:10.1353/book.60335. https://muse.jhu.edu/. For additional information about this book https://muse.jhu.edu/book/60335 [ Access provided at 2 Oct 2021 23:39 GMT with no institutional affiliation ] This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Genetic Glass Ceilings Transgenics for Crop Biodiversity This page intentionally left blank Genetic Glass Ceilings Transgenics for Crop Biodiversity Jonathan Gressel Foreword by Klaus Ammann The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore © 2008 The Johns Hopkins University Press All rights reserved. Published 2008 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 987654321 The Johns Hopkins University Press 2715 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21218-4363 www.press.jhu.edu Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gressel, Jonathan. Genetic glass ceilings : transgenics for crop biodiversity / Jonathan Gressel. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 13: 978-0-8018-8719-2 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN 10: 0-8018-8719-4 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Crops—Genetic engineering. 2. Transgenic plants. 3. Plant diversity. 4. Crop improvement. I. Title. II. Title: Transgenics for crop biodiversity. SB123.57.G74 2008 631.5Ј233—dc22 20007020365 A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Special discounts are available for bulk purchases of this book. For more information, please contact Special Sales at 410-516-6936 or [email protected]. Dedicated to the memory of Professor Leroy (Whitey) Holm, the person who stimulated me to think differently.
  • Morphology, Geographic Distribution, and Host Preferences Are Poor

    Morphology, Geographic Distribution, and Host Preferences Are Poor

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/433359; this version posted October 2, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Research Article Morphology, geographic distribution, and host preferences are poor predictors of phylogenetic relatedness in the mistletoe genus Viscum L. Karola Maul1, Michael Krug1, Daniel L. Nickrent2, Kai F. Müller3, Dietmar Quandt1, and Susann Wicke3* 1Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany; 2Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6509, USA; 3Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Muenster, Huefferstr. 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany; Author for Correspondence is: Dr. S. Wicke, phone: +49 (0) 251 83 21644, email: [email protected] Research article containing 6,200 words, 4 color figures, 1 table; 6 additional figures and 7 additional tables are provided as supporting information. All raw data files and original phylogenetic trees are available from Mendeley Data. bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/433359; this version posted October 2, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Abstract (250 words max.) 2 Besides their alleged therapeutic effects, mistletoes of the genus Viscum L.
  • Epilist 1.0: a Global Checklist of Vascular Epiphytes

    Epilist 1.0: a Global Checklist of Vascular Epiphytes

    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2021 EpiList 1.0: a global checklist of vascular epiphytes Zotz, Gerhard ; Weigelt, Patrick ; Kessler, Michael ; Kreft, Holger ; Taylor, Amanda Abstract: Epiphytes make up roughly 10% of all vascular plant species globally and play important functional roles, especially in tropical forests. However, to date, there is no comprehensive list of vas- cular epiphyte species. Here, we present EpiList 1.0, the first global list of vascular epiphytes based on standardized definitions and taxonomy. We include obligate epiphytes, facultative epiphytes, and hemiepiphytes, as the latter share the vulnerable epiphytic stage as juveniles. Based on 978 references, the checklist includes >31,000 species of 79 plant families. Species names were standardized against World Flora Online for seed plants and against the World Ferns database for lycophytes and ferns. In cases of species missing from these databases, we used other databases (mostly World Checklist of Selected Plant Families). For all species, author names and IDs for World Flora Online entries are provided to facilitate the alignment with other plant databases, and to avoid ambiguities. EpiList 1.0 will be a rich source for synthetic studies in ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology as it offers, for the first time, a species‐level overview over all currently known vascular epiphytes. At the same time, the list represents work in progress: species descriptions of epiphytic taxa are ongoing and published life form information in floristic inventories and trait and distribution databases is often incomplete and sometimes evenwrong.
  • JUSTIFICATION for SUBSPECIES in ARCEUTHOBIUM CAMPYLOPODUM (VISCACEAE) ABSTRACT in the Dwarf Mistletoes

    JUSTIFICATION for SUBSPECIES in ARCEUTHOBIUM CAMPYLOPODUM (VISCACEAE) ABSTRACT in the Dwarf Mistletoes

    Nickrent, D.L. 2012. Justification for subspecies in Arceuthobium campylopodum (Viscaceae). Phytoneuron 2012-51: 1–11. Published 23 May. ISSN 2153 733X JUSTIFICATION FOR SUBSPECIES IN ARCEUTHOBIUM CAMPYLOPODUM (VISCACEAE) DANIEL L. NICKRENT Department of Plant Biology Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6509 [email protected] ABSTRACT In the dwarf mistletoes ( Arceuthobium , Viscaceae), sect. Campylopoda was previously considered to include entities treated at the rank of species: A. abietinum, A. apachecum, A. blumeri, A. californicum, A. campylopodum , A. cyanocarpum, A. laricis, A. littorum, A. microcarpum, A. monticola , A. occidentale , A. siskiyouense , and A. tsugense . Morphology, host associations, levels of sympatry and genetic evidence are reviewed here and, in contrast, it is concluded that these taxa are best viewed as ecotypes of a single variable species. Formal nomenclature treating these taxa at the rank of subspecies is presented, following previous conventions for recognizing infraspecific taxa in dwarf mistletoes. KEY WORDS : Arceuthobium campylopodum , dwarf mistletoe, ecotype, subspecies, Viscaceae Arceuthobium (dwarf mistletoes, Viscaceae) has been of great interest to American plant morphologists, pathologists, and systematists since the late 1800s. This is the only genus in Viscaceae that naturally occurs in both the Old and New World. In contrast to most viscaceous mistletoes such as Viscum and Phoradendron , Arceuthobium is morphologically reduced with scale leaves (squamate habit) and small monochlamydeous flowers whose morphology varies little between species. The explosively dehiscent fruits are unique in the family and allow population expansion without requiring bird vectors. The adult shoots produce only a small amount of carbohydrate through photosynthesis, thus these mistletoes approach the holoparasitic condition (Nickrent & García 2009).