HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 1 HAUSTORIUM Parasitic Newsletter

Official Organ of the International Parasitic Society

August 2005 Number 45

IPPS –A MESSAGE FROM THE SECRETARY Science Congress (IWSC), by which the parasitic weed researchers were exposed to the broader scope Dear IPPS Members, of weed science and the IWSC participants could Our most recent Symposium on Parasitic Weeds, take part in presentations and discussions during our which took place in Durban (South Africa) last Symposium. We are grateful to the organizers of the June, was a wonderful occasion to learn about IWSC, and in particular to Baruch Rubin, Vice- progress in many areas of parasitic plant research, to President of the IWSS and member of our Board, discuss new ideas, to meet old friends and for help and encouragement regarding the colleagues, and to make new acquaintances. Let me coordination of these two scientific meetings. take this opportunity to once again thank everyone The International Scientific Committee, with who contributed to the meeting; it was in many representative of the major areas of parasitic plant ways a resounding success! research and control, evaluated all submitted The International Parasitic Plants Society was abstracts, and the final program was constructed inaugurated during the International Parasitic according to their recommendations. We happily Weeds Conference in Nantes. Due to some legal thank all members of the committee for their difficulties it was possible to officially register the contribution to the success of the Symposium. The IPPS as an international society only in 2002. The Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Board of Directors provided the Executive Parasitic Weeds can be downloaded from the IPPS Committee with recommendations that are now website at http://www.ppws.vt.edu/IPPS/ . gradually implemented. Due to the delay in the The publication of Haustorium is a big job. Thanks formal registration of the Society we postponed our to the Editors, Chris Parker Jim Westwood and plans for a while and organized an international Lytton Musselman, this newsletter is prepared and Symposium only recently. The Executive distributed periodically to the benefit of all of us. committee started organizing the Symposium as The efforts, thinking, and hard work that they early as January 2003, but all technical issues could contribute are highly appreciated. Obviously the be finalized only shortly before the Symposium. We quality of the newsletter depends on contributions owe special thanks to the Committee Members Jim from all of us. The newsletter will certainly improve Westwood and Jos Verkleij for their continuous once additional material is submitted to the editors. involvement in the decisions behind the meeting. Please make sure that you update us through The 8th International Symposium on parasitic weeds Haustorium with dissertation summaries, research has certainly been the highlight of our activities so reports, interesting observations, and new ideas for far. Delegates from 23 countries presented their discussion. research results in posters and in lectures, covering We will soon start preparations for the next IPPS many aspects of parasitic plant biology and Congress, which is due for 2006. Any suggestions management. A diversity of parasitic plant problems for a venue will be most welcome. Please contact was discussed in seven sessions. me with your suggestions at Thanks to the fruitful collaboration with the [email protected]. The Executive International Weed Science Society (IWSS) we Committee will select the suggestions, and the final were able to link the Symposium to the Weed decision will be taken by the General Assembly. In HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 2 addition, we will be happy to receive suggestions while the use of green-manure crops is highly for a workshop on a more focused subject, which encouraging in Tanzania (Akulumuka). Two papers should be organized in 2005. dealt with the possibilities of manipulating mycorrhiza (Gworgwor; Lenndzemo). Danny Joel, IPPS Secretary

Papers on Orobanche included several on new and

increasing problems in Australia (McLaren), and 8TH INTERNATIONAL PARASITIC WEED USA (Mallory-Smith; Westwood); some up-to-date SYMPOSIUM and 4TH INTERNATIONAL consideration of virulence and resistance in the O. WEED SCIENCE CONGRESS – AN cumana/sunflowers relationship (Plakhine; Gidoni); OVERVIEW OF CONTRIBUTIONS imidazolinone use in herbicide-tolerant sunflower

(Malidza); modelling to help decision making in These two meetings were held in tandem in Durban, control of Orobanche spp. (Grenz; Eizenberg); South Africa, June 21-25, 2004. All the posters and progress in the use of herbicides in tomato many papers on parasitics were presented at (Goldwasser; Lande); and the potential for parasitic plant sessions on the final day of the Weed enhancing resistance with the use of BTH (Müller- Science Congress while further papers were Stöver), salicylic acid (Buschmann) or perhaps with presented at the specialised 8th International transgenically-induced sarcotoxin (Aly) or other Symposium on the final day, and a few at earlier novel approaches (Winston). sessions of the main congress. A total of 69 papers and posters of relevance to parasitic plants were Biological control of parasitic weeds was reviewed submitted to these two meetings, though not quite by Joachim Sauerborn and a number of papers all these were personally presented. A full list is described the latest attempts to bring Fusarium included under Meetings below. species into practical use (Yonli), the most

promising of these relating to treatment of crop seed The highlight was the keynote presentation by with chlamydospores of F. oxysporum ‘Foxy 2’ Danny Joel, which reviewed the current status of (Abuelgasim) and combination with BTH treatment research, the problems remaining and in some cases (Müller-Stöver). One paper suggested more still worsening, followed by discussion of the consideration of Smicronyx cyaneus for control of potential for new approaches based on advanced Orobanche spp. (Zermane). technologies. These might include manipulation of metabolic pathways, development of artificial More basic work on Striga and Orobanche spp. resistance, parasite-specific herbicides, etc with the included studies of the analysis and production of aims of developing new resistances, improving strigolactones (Yoneyama; Watanabe); influence of biological control agents and developing diagnostic fluridone and plant growth regulators on the tools to assist in precision parasitic weed conditioning process (Chae); effect of nutrients on management. stimulant production (Song); distinction of S.

hermonthica from S. aspera by SCAR markers The persistent problems from Striga and its (Verkleij); use of tissue culture in studies of management were the subject of a major session, Orobanche host specificity (Zhou). starting with a useful review by Joel Ransom, incidentally noting the potential for transplanting, Among the few papers on Cuscuta spp. was one followed by in-depth consideration of many aspects describing the useful integration of herbicide use of genetic diversity, breeding, selection, etc. (Ejeta; with varietal resistance to C. campestris in tomato Menkir; Ouédraogo; Haussmann; Rodenburg). Two (Lanini). papers related specifically to races of S. gesnerioides and efforts to map resistance genes Papers on mistletoes included new observations on (Botanga; Gowda). Among papers on management, the endophyte of V. album (de Mol); on mineral several emphasised the value of integrating uptake in Scurrula elata (Glatzel); on the techniques involving inter-cropping, rotation with involvement of jasmonic acid in nutation in V. trap crops selected for high stimulant production, album (Dorka); tissue culture of Arceuthobium fertilization, etc (Gworgwor; Kamara, Emechebe; tsugense (Shamoun); and on possibilities for Franke) and the potential for modelling to assist biocontrol of Arceuthobium spp. (Shamoun). decision-making (Westerman). In East Africa, the use of herbicide-treated seed of herbicide-tolerant A paper on Osyris alba in Jordan included new continues to show promise (Kanampiu), information on host range (Qasem), while there was HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 3 useful new information on the germination biology supplies there – which, like Britain, are largely from of Rhamphicarpa fistulosa (Gbèhounou); on the the declining traditional apple orchards. floral biology of Hydnora spp. (Maass); and on host range in minor (Cameron). Despite the overall survey results much of the British public, informed by alarmist media Chris Parker. coverage, now believe V. album to be endangered. This belief, reinforced by the species’ natural scarcity in many parts of the country, is not a NEWS ABOUT CHRISTMAS MISTLETOE, problem, as it helps deliver a general conservation VISCUM ALBUM, IN BRITAIN and sustainability message through one of our best- loved (and, in Britain, harmless) native plants. The Following the hugely popular national mistletoe most common manifestation of this is the inclusion survey in the 1990s (Briggs, 1999) Viscum album is of mistletoe in local Biodiversity Action Plans enjoying a bit more attention in the UK - and not (BAPs), especially in areas where mistletoe is just at Christmas. Much of this is based on the genuinely scarce, though not necessarily belief that mistletoe is becoming scarce because of endangered. Biodiversity Action Plans are not, of the decline of traditional apple orchards – the best- course, just for endangered species, and UK known host and habitat for V. album in Britain. The guidance at least suggests inclusion on the grounds survey, conducted by the Botanical Society of the of local character and cultural importance. British Isles (BSBI) and Plantlife International, asked people to send in sightings of mistletoe, with For example the Greater London BAP (London details of host and habitat. The official period ran Biodiversity Partnership, 2001) includes V. album from 1994 to 1996 but records were still being on the grounds of local rarity, cultural significance submitted in 1998. Results were compared to a and ease of monitoring. The mistletoe plan in the similar BSBI survey from 1970. London BAP (accessible via www.lbp.org.uk/03action_pages/ac22_mistletoe.ht The survey results could not show a link with apple ml) includes provision to collate data on existing orchard decline because of the nature of the data – sites, seeks site protection, establishment of new of variable quality and largely un-quantitative. sites and a review of V. album in other similar Though general observations suggest that cities. This has provided an interesting opportunity ‘cultivated’ mistletoe – i.e. mistletoe deliberately to supplement the national survey with a detailed tolerated as a side crop on farmed fruit trees, might local study of populations and their origins. London be in decline, the overall distribution data suggest has scattered records of mistletoe in gardens but that mistletoe in general is doing just fine. In fact a also has larger historic colonies, centred on Bushy comparison of the 1970 and 1990s distribution maps and Home Parks (near Hampton Court), and suggest an increase in range – though this may be an Myddelton House and Forty Hall (Enfield). The artefact of increased recording effort in the 1990s. Hampton Court populations have a long history – known from at least the 1720s – but they are of Host patterns were consistent from 1970s to 1990s obscure origin. The Enfield populations were with apple heading the list followed by limes (Tilia established by, or at least encouraged by, E A spp.), hawthorn, poplars, maples, willows etc. Bowles (1864–1954), the plant breeder and garden Habitats, where recorded, confirmed an expected writer, who lived at Myddelton House all his life. pattern headed by gardens and followed by orchards, parkland, roadside and hedgerow. An This pattern and history have similarities with other important observation here is that most V. album European cities on the edge of the V. album range. records in Britain are clearly from man-made A recent study in Brussels (Olivier, 1998) details habitats. This is especially true for records outside long-established but isolated mistletoe populations the species’ main range in the SW Midlands – it is in the city’s cemeteries. A comparable study in possible that all records east and north of this area Hamburg (Poppendieck and Petersen, 1999) have artificial origins. describes several populations established in about 1903 which, though thriving, have only spread The implications of any decline, real or imaginary, within a few hundred metres of their origin. Further in ‘cultivated’ mistletoe are difficult to assess but north in Britain there are scattered garden records in Britain has always largely depended on imports Glasgow and Edinburgh – but long-established from northern for Christmas stocks. Perhaps small colonies (known from the 19th century) in we should be worrying more about harvestable some districts. These include the Botanic Garden HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 4 and the Dean Cemetery in Edinburgh (said to have (Col., Apionidae) new to the British Isles, with been introduced by Victorian local botanist William observations on its European and conservation Paxton) and the University Grounds in Glasgow. status. Entomologists’s Monthly Magazine By encouraging the establishment of new colonies 137(1644/1647): 95-105. the London project follows in the tradition of these London Biodiversity Partnership 2001. The historic introductions. Similar initiatives are Action.Volume 2 of the London Biodiversity described for Hamburg by Poppendieck and Action Plan. London Biodiversity Partnership Petersen. (This may seem odd behaviour to those (www.lbp.org.uk). more accustomed to dealing with the more Olivier, J-F. 1998. Cartographie de Viscum album a pestilential mistletoe species!) Bruxelles et dans les environs Adoxa 20/21, 1– 14. Other recent news on mistletoe in Britain relates to Poppendieck, H. and Petersen, J. 1999. Ein the animal associates of V. album. The blackcap ausbreitungsbiologisches langzeit-experiment: (Sylvia atricapilla), mistletoe’s main continental Die einburgerung der mistel in Hamburg und bird vector, does not usually overwinter in Britain, Umgebung Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen, leaving berry distribution to the less efficient mistle 44/2-3, 377–396. http://plab.ku.dk/tcbh/lectin- thrush (Turdus viscivorus). But recent changes in links.htm blackcap behaviour have resulted in increasing numbers in the UK each winter – with possible significance for Britain’s mistletoe. The British MEETINGS mistletoe insect fauna is also changing – or perhaps more correctly, being properly documented. Until 8TH INTERNATIONAL PARASITIC WEED the 1990s only four obligate associates of V. album SYMPOSIUM and 4TH INTERNATIONAL were known in Britain – the lepidopteran Celypha WEED SCIENCE CONGRESS woodiana, the homopteran, Psylla visci and the heteropterans Anthocoris visci and Orthops The following list includes all the relevant papers viscicola. Since then the National Trust’s presented at both meetings, and all the posters for ecological survey team have recorded the mistletoe which abstracts were provided. No Proceedings are weevil Ixapion variegatum (Foster et al,. 2001) and to be published, but the abstracts of the 56 papers most recently (2003) the team have recorded and posters that were personally presented on the another bug Hypseloecus visci (newspaper reports final two days (marked * below) will be available Dec 2003). Both species are new to Britain but on the IPPS web-site known on continental mistletoe – perhaps there are (http://www.ppws.vt.edu/IPPS/). Abstracts for the more to be found… 4th IWSC, including most of the items without asterisks below will be available on There is a review of many of these issues, and other http://www.olemiss.edu/orgs/iws/DEFAULT.HTM. aspects of Viscum album, in Briggs (2003). I would welcome any comments on the notes above – Abu-Irmaileh, B.E. and Abu-Rayyan, A.M. - particularly on V. album distribution, possible future Animal manure fermentation reduces supply problems, isolated colonies in cities, Orobanche infestation on tomatoes.* reintroductions, and insect/bird associations. Akulumuka, V. et al. - Improving food security through Striga and soil fertility management in Jonathan Briggs lowland maize: a participatory development [email protected],uk process. Al-Khateeb, W.M. et al. - Influence of salinity on References: the interaction between tomato and Orobanche cernua.* Briggs, J. 1999. Kissing goodbye to mistletoe? Aly, R et al. - A new approach to parasitic weed Plantlife/BSBI report control based on inducible expression of Briggs, J. 2003. Christmas curiosity or medical sarcotoxin in transgenic plants marvel? A seasonal review of mistletoe. Benventi S. et al. - Germination ecology, emergence Biologist 50 (6) 249-254 (downloadable from and early host parasitization of Cuscuta the Institute of Biology's website campestris Yuncker.* ww.iob.org/downloads/Mistletoe.pdf). Botanga, C.J. and Timko, M.P. - Genetic variability Foster, A.P., Morris, M.G. and Whitehead, P.F. and host specialization in Striga gesnerioides.* 2001. Ixapion variegatum (Wencker, 1864) HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 5

Buschmann, H. and Sauerborn, J. - Induced cereal-based cropping systems in northern resistance: an effective method for the control of Nigeria.* parasitic weeds?* Gworgwor, N.A. and Ndahi, W.B. - Parasitic weeds Cameron, D.D. et al. - Using the broad-spectrum and their control/management in north-eastern hemi-parasitic angiosperm, Rhinanthus minor, Nigeria. as a tool to investigate compatible and Gworgwor, N.A. and Weber, H.C. - The effect of incompatible host-parasite interactions.* arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi on the Chae, S.H. et al. - Fluridone promotes conditioning control/management of Striga hermonthica in and germination of root parasitic weed seeds.* sorghum.* Dayan, F.E. et al. - Biosynthesis of sorgoleone: Haidar, M.A. et al. - Blue light induced changes in retrobiosynthetic NMR, root hair specific EST, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in dodder (Cuscuta and biochemical analyses. campestris) seedlings.* De Mol, M. and Heller, A. - Water relations and Haussmann, B.I.G. - Genetic variability of Striga development of the European mistletoe Viscum hermonthica (review).* album L.* Haussmann, B.I.G. et al. - Arresting the scourge of Dorka, R. et al. - Endogenous rhythms of nutational Striga sorghum in Africa by combining the movement in Viscum album L. correlates with strengths of marker-assisted backcrossing and high level of jasmonic acid.* farmer-participatory selection.* Eizenberg, H. et al. - Growing degree days - a Joel, D.M. - The parasitic weed problem and its fate predicitve tool for Orobanche spp. parasitism in in the 21st century.* certain crops.* Kamara, A.Y. et al. - Cereal-legume rotation to Ejeta. G. and Rich, P.J. -Understanding key control Striga and improve on-farm yield of developmental processes in parasitic weeds.* maize in northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria: I. Elzein, A. - Pesta formulation and seed treatment Effects of one-year rotation.* technology: attractive delivery systems for Kanampiu, F.K. et al. - Striga weed control in Striga mycoherbicides - step towards practical maize using herbicide seed coating technology.* field application. Lande, T. et al. - Orobanche aegyptiaca control in Elzein, A. et al. - Seed treatment technology: an processing tomato.* appropriate delivery system for controlling Lanini,W.T. et al. - Management of Cuscuta in Striga spp. with Fusarium oxysporum Foxy 2.* tomato with resistant varieties and herbicides.* Emechebe, A.M. - Ways to manage Striga Lendzemo, V.W. et al. - Field inoculation with infestations without herbicides in West and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduces Striga Central Africa.* performance on cereal crops and has the Franke, A.C. et al.- On-farm testing of Striga potential to increase cereal production.* hermonthica control technologies in the northern Maass, E. - Floral biology of Hydnora. Guinea savanna.* Malidza, G. - Control of Orobanche cernua in Gbehounou, G. and Assigbe, P. - A study of imidazolinone-tolerant sunflower hybrids.* germination of seeds of Rhamphicarpa fistulosa Mallory-Smith, C.A. et al. - Integrated management (Hochst.) Benth. , a new pest of .* of Orobanche minor in Trifolium pratense.* Gidoni, D. et al. - Is host range potential related to McLaren, D.A. et al. - Operation rapid response – genetic diversity in Orobanche?* dealing with the potential incursion of branched Glatzel, G. and Devkota, M. - Active vs passive broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) into mineral nutrient uptake in mistletoes – a still Victoria, Australia. unresolved question.* Menkir, A. et al. - Use of inbreeding as a tool to Goldwasser, Y. and Rubin, B. - Utilizing herbicide- improve resistance to Striga.* resistant tomato to manage Orobanche Müller-Stöver, D. et al. - Enhancing the efficacy of aegyptiaca.* a fungal biocontrol agent against Orobanche Gowda, B.S. et al. - Mapping and cloning of race- cumana through combination with a resistance- specific resistance genes to Striga gesnerioides inducing chemical.* and Alectra vogelii in cowpea.* Murdoch, A. and Dzomeku, I.K. - Linking Grenz, J. et al. - Evaluating strategies to control the laboratory and field studies of dormancy in parasitic weed Orobanche crenata in faba bean Striga hermonthica: is delayed planting an – a simulation study using APSIM.* option for integrated control?* Gworgwor, N.A. - Development of systems Nadler-Hassar, T. et al. - Natural tolerance of approach for ecological management of Striga in Cuscuta spp. to herbicides inhibiting amino acid biosynthesis* HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 6

Okazawa, A. et al. - Characterization of Yonli, D. et al. - Effect of growth medium and photoreceptors from Orobanche minor Sm. method of application of Fusarium oxysporum Ouédraogo, O. et al. - Identification of resistance on infestation of sorghum by Striga hermonthica mechanisms of some sorghum varieties towards in Burkina Faso. Striga hermonthica.* Zermane, N. - Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll. Plakhine, D. et al. - Variation in the response of (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): a neglected natural resistant sunflower to Orobanche cumana enemy of the parasitic weed Orobanche. populations in Israel.* Zhou Wei-jun. et al. - Callus production of parasitic Qasem, J.R. and Foy, C.L. - Host range of branched weed Orobanche and its novel aseptic infection broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) among some on host roots.* cultivated and wild grown plant species.* Zygier, L. and Rubin, B. - EPSP-synthase presence Qasem, J.R. - Osyris alba occurrence in Jordan: and activity in Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche new hosts and importance.* aegyptiaca Pers.).* Ransom, J.K. et al. - New methodologies for the management of parasitic weeds.* NON-WEEDY HEMIPARASITIC Rodenburg, J. et al. - Yielding ability, resistance SCROPHULARIACEAE and tolerance as independent selection criteria () for breeding against Striga.* Roman, B. et al. - Biodiversity in Orobanche A two-day symposium on the non-weedy crenata in the Mediterranean region - a review.* hemiparasitic (ex-)Scrophulariaceae Sauerborn, J. et al. - The role of biological control (Orobanchaceae) was held in Wageningen, 15-16 in managing parasitic weeds. April 2004. It was attended by about 40 participants Shamoun, S. - Recent developments in biological from and USA. Andrea Wolfe’s stimulating control research for vegetation management in talk on the evolution and of the Canadian forests. Orobanchaceae was followed by about 30 oral and Shamoun, S. et al. - Advances in tissue culture of poster presentations on a wide range of aspects of western hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium the biology of this group of hemiparasites, as listed tsugense subsp. tsugense).* below. Song, W.J. et al. - Changes in germination of Orobanche seeds in response to conditioning Full proceedings will not be published. However, temperature and PGR treatments.* several papers will be submitted for a special Tesfamichael, N. et al. - Prospects and limitations volume of Folia Geobotanica that is planned to be for Striga asiatica control in published early 2005. A limited number of copies of sorghum/Desmodium intercrop.* the booklet with abstracts of oral and poster Tesfamichael, N. et al. - Sensitivity of sorghum presentations are still available. The texts can also varieties towards Striga asiatica as influenced be forwarded by email. Those interested in by nitrogen, potassium and moisture regimes. receiving either the booklet or the electronic text Verkleij, J. et al. - Analysis of genetic variability in may send an email to [email protected]. the closely related species Striga hermonthica and S. aspera by RAPD and SCAR markers.* 1. Oral presentations Westerman, P.R. et al. - Density dependence in the 1.1. Taxonomy & Evolution: Striga-host interaction and its consequences for Andrea Wolfe (Ohio, USA) - Phylogeny and Striga management.* biogeography of Orobanchaceae. Westwood, J.H. and Fagg, C.M. - ISSR Robert Mill (Edinburgh, UK) - A new arboreal characterization of Orobanche minor epiphytic Pedicularis from Nepal: an populations in the U.S.* introduction to its taxonomy and morphology. Winston, E.M. et al. - Manipulating host defenses to Mikael Lönn (Huddinge, SE) - Local and regional enhance tobacco resistance to Orobanche differentiation in Euphrasia. aegyptiaca.* Veronique Ducarme (Louvain, B) - Origin and Yoneyama, K. et al. - Effects of nutrients on the evolution of natural hybridization in the production of germination stimulants.* Rhinanthus. Yoneyama, K. et al. - Determination and Per Larsson (Arvika, SE) - Morphologic and genetic quantification of strigolactones.* variation of Rhinanthus serotinus or Yonli, D. et al. - Pathogenicity of Fusarium spp angustifolius, in western Sweden. isolates and metabolites to Striga hermonthica in 1.2. Ecophysiology and Mechanisms: Burkina Faso. HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 7

Malcolm Press (Sheffield, UK) - Ecophysiological and the facilitating role of Rhinanthus characteristics of root hemiparasitic species. angiosperms: consequences for ecosystems Duncan Cameron (Aberdeen, UK) - Host resistance structure-function relations. to the hemi-parasite, Rhinanthus John Yoder (Davis, USA) - Genetic mechanisms of minor and its role in determining community host plant recognition. composition. Wendy Seel (Aberdeen, UK) - Mechanisms Susan Dalrymple (Aberdeen, UK) - Identifying underpinning the effects of Rhinanthus minor on factors affecting the survival of Melampyrum its host. sylvaticum. Wolfram Hartung, W.D. Jeschke & Fan Yiang Fan Jiang (Wuerzburg, D) – The haustoria of the (Wuerzburg, D) – Long distance transport host/Rhinanthus serotinus association. within the hemiparasitic association Rhinanthus Christine Krebs (Marburg, D) - The influence of minor/Hordeum vulgare. different hosts on the hemiparasites Rhinanthus Duncan Cameron (Aberdeen, UK) - How does an minor and R. alecorolophus. understanding of parasite nutrition help us to Tom van Mourik (Wageningen, NL) - Ecological understand the variable effect of Rhinanthus approach to an agronomical pest (Striga minor at the community level? hermonthica), limitations to a parasites' 1.3. Population Ecology: reproductive output. Diethart Matthies (Marburg, D) - The ecology of Milan Štech (Ceske Budejovice, Tsj) - hemiparasite-host interactions. Morphometric and RAPD study of Melampyrum Päivi Lehtonen (Turku, FIN) - Trophic interactions sylvaticum group in the Sudeten, Alpen and among host plant, endophytic fungus, Carpathian mountains. hemiparasitic plant and its herbivore. Milan Štech (Ceske Budejovice, Tsj) - Seasonal Leonid Rasran (Kiel, D) - Effects of seed limitation variation in Melampyrum pratense – a and disturbance on the hemiparasitic fen morphological point of view. grassland species Rhinanthus angustifolius and Zhongkui Sun (Wageningen, NL) - Isolation and Pedicularis palustris. characterisation of key-genes in the formation of Sarah Dalrymple (Aberdeen, UK) - Population germination stimulants of the parasitic weeds ecology of British Small Cow- Striga and Orobanche. (Melampyrum sylvaticum). Jerôme Vrancken (Louvain, B) - Phylogeography of Dorothy Allard (Bakersfield, USA) - An ecological the genus Rhinanthus in Europe. study of Pedicularis dendrothauma R. R. Mill and D. J. Allard, sp. nov. COST 849 - PARASITIC PLANT Brita Svensson (Uppsala, SE) - The hemiparasitic MANAGEMENT IN SUSTAINABLE plant: friend or foe? AGRICULTURE Siny ter Borg (Wageningen, NL) - Dormancy and germination of Rhinanthus spp in relation to the This programme, funded by European Union via local climate; a comparative study. European Science Foundation, has been able to 1.4. Community & Restoration Ecology: arrange an increased number of meetings in 2004. Manja Kwak (Groningen, NL) - Hemiparasitic Those already completed are noted below. Several Scrophulariaceae: plants with special more are scheduled. Abstracts and/or reports of reproductive traits in common. most of these meetings are available on the James Bullock (Dorchester, UK) - Rhinanthus COST849 web-site (http://cost849.ba.cnr.it/) or will minor: a tool for restoration of species rich be added in due course. grasslands. Duncan Westbury (Reading, UK) - The use of Genetic diversity of parasitic plants held in Rhinanthus minor to increase forb abundance in Cordoba, Spain, 19-21 February. The following is a newly established meadows on ex-arable land. list of the papers presented and discussed: 2. Posters Riitta Ahonen (Oulu, FIN) - Are there genetic Jury, S.L. and Rumsey, F.J. - A new system for constraints in utilization of host species and Orobanche taxonomy in Europe. autotrophic performance of Rhinanthus Schneeweiss, G.M. - Taxonomy and phylogeny in serotinus? Orobanche. Els Ameloot (Leuven, B) - Community structure in García, M.A. - Taxonomy and systematics of a chronosequence of restored semi-natural Cuscuta L. (Convolvulaceae). HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 8

Domina, G. - Orobanche canescens C. Presl in Joachin Sauerborn - Integrating biocontrol and Sicily. Distribution and taxonomic notes. induced resistance for parasitic weed Carlón, L. et al. - Taxonomic, chorological and management. iconographical contributions to the knowledge Jonathan Gressel - Transgenic synergies for of genus Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) in the biocontrol. north of the Iberian Peninsula. Joseph Hershenhorn - The efficacy of a mixture of Cagáň, Ľ. and Tóth, P. - Distribution of broomrapes fungi to control Egyptian and sunflower (Orobanche sp.) in Slovakia. broomrape. Wegmann, K. - Ecology and epidemiology of Maurizio Vurro - Synergistic use of Orobanche ramosa in Europe. phytopathogenic fungi and fungal metabolites. Plakhine, D. et al. - A new race of Orobanche Angela Boari - Natural compounds for alternative cumana in Israel. strategies of parasitic plant management. Joita-Pacureanu1. et al. - Races of broomrape in Ludovit Cagan - Differences in synergistic use of Romania. biocontrol agents on Orobanche and Cuscuta. Molinero, L. and Melero-Vara, J.M. - Highly Peter Toth - Potential of wild parasitic weed species virulent populations of sunflower broomrape as a source of biocontrol agents. (Orobanche cumana). Paul C. Quimby Jr. - Sucrose: an osmotic agent for Batchvarova, R.B. et al. - Morphological and harvesting/stabilizing microbial biocontrol genetic diversity of broomrapes in Bulgaria. agents. Streibig, J.C. - Response of Striga hermonthica David C. Sands - Recent progress in development of biotypes to sorghum exudates. synergistic components for biocontrol of weeds. Lyra D. et al. - Seed germination study in Elzein Abuelgasin - Enhancing Striga- Orobanche populations infesting tobacco plants mycoherbicide’s efficacy though seed treatment in Greece. delivery system: step towards practical field Lyra D. et al. - Abiotic factors affecting the application. infestation in tobacco crops from Orobanche in Nadjie Zermane - Attempts to combine the non Greece. pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Tn01 with Simier, Ph. et al. - Aggressiveness and pectinolytic Rhizobacteria to control the root parasitic weed activities within populations of Orobanche O. crenata. cumana Wallr. a root parasite of sunflower. Nickrent, D.L. - Molecular evolution and Herbicide testing for control of broomrape held phylogeny of parasitic plants. in Nicosia, Cyprus, 13-15 May, 2004. Papers Letousey, P. et al. - Parasitism and evolution of the presented and discussed included the following: plastid genome. Joel, D.M. et al. - Genetic diversity of Orobanche Editor’s note: The list of papers included for this species and host range potential. meeting in the original version of Haustorium was Haussmann, B.I.G. - Genetic variability of Striga incorrect. The contents of this meeting will be (review) included in the next issue. Román, B. et al. - Molecular markers for diagnosis and genetic diversity studies in Orobanche. Genetic diversity of broomrape held in Palermo, Satovic1, Z. et al.- Overcoming limitations of Sicily, 27-29 May, 2004. Papers presented and dominant marker data: population structure of discussed included the following: the parasitic plant Cistanche phelypaea inferred from RAPD markers Schneeweiss, G.M. Taxonomy and phylogeny in Curto, M. et al. - Two-dimensional gel Orobanche. electrophoresis as a tool to identify and Lira, S. Orobanche populations infesting tobacco characterize the protein profile of Orobanche plants in Greece. spp. seeds. Economou, G. Ecology of broomrape. Joel, D.M. Molecular markers in Orobanche Biological control held in Rome, 27-28 February, research. 2004. Papers presented and discussed included the Angel, M. Genetic diversity in Orobanche crenata. following: Fernández-Aparicio, M. Taxonomy in Orobanche. Vibeke Leth - Enhancement of pathogens using Cagan, L. Distribution of Orobanche in Slovakia. proper formulations. HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 9

Broomrape management - a joint Working THESES Groups and Management Committee meeting held in Nitra, Slovakia, 15-17 July 2004. Papers Venasius W. Lendzemo (PhD, Wageningen presented and discussed were: University, The Netherlands, June 2004) The tripartite interaction between sorghum, 1. WG1 Knowledge in broomrape biology relevant Striga hermonthica, and arbuscular mycorrhizal to its control: fungi. D. Cameron, D. - Compatible and incompatible interactions in root parasites. The witchweed Striga hermonthica is a major Maldonado, A. - A proteomic approach to study biological constraint to cereal production in Africa. plant – parasitic plant interaction. The intricate association between this phytoparasite González, C - Cloning and analysis of a peroxidase and the cereal host makes management difficult. gene expressed during early infection stages Damage to the host begins before Striga comes out Orobanche ramosa. of the soil. Also, infestation correlates negatively Bowmeester, H. - Biosynthesis of broomrape with soil fertility. Arbuscular mycorrrhizal (AM) germination stimulants. fungi have a variety of ecological functions ranging Cagáň, L. and Tóth, P. - Time of emergence and from improved uptake of immobile nutrients, flowering of Orobanche species in Slovakia. 2. protection of host from pathogens, to soil WG2 Biological control: aggregation. The question whether these beneficial Dor, E. - Perspectives for biological control with micro-organisms could play a role within the Striga- fungi. cereal (patho)system was addressed. Inoculating Strange, R. - New biological agents for O. crenata Striga-infested sorghum with AM fungi in pots or in control. the field resulted in a significant reduction in the Vurro, M. - Perspectives for biological control with performance of Striga in terms of numbers attached aminoacids. to the roots, relative time of emergence, numbers Watson, A. - New perspectives for parasitic plant emerged and dry weight of Striga shoots at sorghum management. harvest. AM effects on Striga were more 3. WG3. Resistance breeding: pronounced with the Striga-tolerant S-35 sorghum Pérez-de-Luque, A. - Mechanisms of resistance in cultivar compared to effects with the Striga- legumes. sensitive CK60B. Inoculation with AM fungi Satovic, Z. - Mapping QTL for broomrape compensated for damage by Striga in the S-35 resistance in grain legumes. cultivar. This compensation was independent of AM Thalouarn, P. - Arabidopsis as a model for early inoculum density and was not affected by P host-Orobanche interaction. application. Germination of preconditioned Striga Denev, I. - Use of activation tag mutants of seeds after exposure to root exudates from sorghum Arabidopsis to identify key genes regulating colonized by AM fungi was significantly reduced, early steps of plant interactions with broomrapes with effects more prominent with exudates from S- (Orobanche spp.). 35 plants. AM fungi have the potential to affect 4. WG4 Integrated control Striga during germination, attachment, emergence, Rubin, R. - Response of Cuscuta and Orobanche to and possibly subsequent growth and development. It herbicides inhibiting amino acid biosynthesis. is important to understand the kind of management Eizenberg, H. - New approaches in chemical control practices that farmers can apply to enhance of Orobanche. mycorrhizal performance in an integrated Goldwasser, Y. - O. aegyptiaca control in management system. glyphosate resistant tomato. Jacobson, R. - Broomrape control in carrot. Abuelgasim Elzein (PhD, University of van Ast, A. - Delaying the moment of infection by Hohenheim) Striga hermonthica: an option to improve Development of a granular mycoherbicidal sorghum yield under Striga-infested conditions? formulation of Fusarium oxysporum Foxy 2 for Riches, C.R. - Using legumes to improve the the biological control of Striga hermonthica (Del.) productivity of Striga infested land. Benth. (Supervision: Prof. Dr. Jürgen Kroschel, Institute of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics)

HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 10

Developing a formulation of microbial weed control agents is essential for their storage, ease of The 85-100% shelf-life of Pesta granules made with application and protection against environmental chlamydospore-rich biomass for at least one year at constraints. Fusarium oxysporum Foxy 2 is a fungal 4ºC is adequate for commercialization. Moreover, antagonist of Striga hermonthica, a root parasite of the stability of dried chlamydospores inoculum cereal crops that constitutes a major biotic entrapped into Pesta granules during the first six constraint to food production in the Sahelian and the months (100-51%) of storage at room temperature is Savannah zones of Africa. The principal objective sufficient for storage, handling and delivery under of this study was to develop a granular formulation realistic conditions. Such kind of knowledge has of Foxy 2, in order to ease its application and to significant applications to better understanding of reduce the amount of inoculum required for the conditions for optimizing and prolonging shelf- adequate infection in the field to a practicable level. life of biocontrol products, specially of Pesta Foxy 2 was able to control both S. hermonthica and formulations. S. asiatica. All tested non-target plant species were immune, none developed any symptoms of infection In conclusion, the results of the present study when inoculated with Foxy 2. The ability of Foxy 2 demonstrate the safety of non-target test plant to control more than one Striga species provides an species and suitability and economic feasibility of opportunity to control both parasites simultaneously Pesta technology for formulating Foxy 2. The in those regions where they are co-existing (e.g. promising levels of Striga control and of the Tanzania and Kenya). This advantage together with substantial increase in sorghum yield obtained with the non-susceptibility of a wide range of non-target Pesta granules containing fresh chlamydospores test plant species (other closely related species to inoclum of Foxy 2 under glasshouse conditions the target weed S. hermonthica, some selected justify a further development of Pesta granules for Poaceous crops, crop species reported to be highly field testing. The preparation of Pesta as free- susceptible to Fusarium diseases in tropical and flowing granules enable them to be applied using subtropical regions, as well as economically existing agricultural equipment, and to be easily important cultivated crops) to the fungus, should integrated with existing Striga control methods e.g. encourage the regulatory authorities to accept and cultural, mechanical and use of resistant varieties. introduce the antagonist for field testing. Additional advantages of Pesta formulation are: non-toxic; relatively cost effective; can be produced A range of agricultural by-products were tested as on a large scale; convenient to store; and simple to substrates for the production of spores, especially use. These promising results of Pesta granular chlamydospores, of Foxy 2 in liquid culture. These formulation and seed treatment might contribute included maize straw, cotton seed cake, wheat and significantly to the development of an effective triticale stillage (the spent fermentation broth of integrated Striga-control approach adoptable and ethanol production). Abundant chlamydospores and acceptable to subsistence farmers. microconidia (and very few macroconidia) were produced in all types of substrates tested. The use of The thesis is published within the Book Series agricultural by-products, which are inexpensive and Tropical Agriculture (12), - Advance in Crop readily available in the areas where Striga is a major Research (2). The book can be ordered directly from problem, is attractive for the economic feasibility of Margraf Publisher: www.margraf-verlag.de, under the Pesta formulation. ISBN 3-8236-1405-3, ISSN 0932-3074.

The efficacy of different granular formulations of Foxy 2 including sodium alginate pellets; BOOKS vermiculite; and Pesta granules were compared with the fungal inoculum propagated on wheat grains. Broomrape in Israel (in Hebrew) by Goldwasser, Application of 2 g of formulated Pesta granules per Y., Kleifeld, Y. and Golan, S. 2003. Published by pot (4 kg of soil) provided the same promising level The Extension Service, Israel Ministry of of efficacy of Striga control as was achieved when Agriculture, P.O. Box 28, Bet Dagan, Israel. This 40 g of inoculum propagated on wheat grains were 37 page booklet includes 17 colour photos and used. Such enormous reduction (95%) in the summarizes 30 years of Orobanche control amount of fungal inoculum as a result of adopting research. The booklet is intended for students, Pesta formulation technology could offer a extension, researchers, farmers, nature lovers and significant economical practical possibility for anyone interested in these fascinating plants and large-scale application. those who have to combat them in the field. The HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 11 chapters are: 1.Historical background. 2. Biology. ‘Recent approaches to Orobanche management: a 3. Orobanche species, description and host range. 4. review.’ Yaakov Goldwasser and Yeshaiahu Infestation and damage according to regions. 5. Kleifeld (pp. 439-466) concisely review all the Control. 6. Why is Orobanche difficult to control ? methods used to control Orobanche, including 7. Bibliography (117 references). The authors would prevention, cultural practices, chemicals, biological welcome any suggestions for sources of funding for agents, resistant cultivars, and many more. Specific the publication of an English version. emphasis is given to chemical control, but biological control and resistant cultivars also receive Weed Biology and Management edited by Inderjit, significant attention. This topic covers a vast 2004. Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, amount of literature, and is difficult to address in- Dordrecht, Germany. 553 pp. depth in a single chapter, but the advantages and limitations of each approach are clearly presented. Living up to its all-encompassing title, ‘Weed This chapter is likely to be cited frequently as it Biology and Management’ offers a compilation of provides a recent summary of the challenges, 25 chapters that touch on nearly every aspect of practices, and limitations in controlling Orobanche. weed science. Chapter topics range from weed evolution, to herbicide fate, to control strategies for One minor complaint about the book is that some specific crops. Of course, Inderjit’s affection for topics may already be somewhat out of date. allelopathy and weed ecology is well represented, Despite the 2004 publication, the chapters were and the emphasis of the book is toward the biology written in 2001 or early 2002, so reviews of rapidly of weeds and agricultural systems. With such a advancing fields do not include the most recent diversity of topics presented, anyone with an literature. However, this does not substantially interest in weeds is sure to find at least a few diminish the value of the volume. chapters of interest. This is equally true for those interested in parasitic plants, because three chapters James Westwood. address the parasitic weeds Orobanche and Striga. A brief summary of these chapters follows: South African Parasitic Plants by Johann Visser. 1981. Published by Juta, South Africa. Readers may ‘Molecular aspects of host-parasite interactions: be interested to know that this beautifully illustrated opportunities for engineering resistance to parasitic and informative book is still available from: The weeds.’ James Westwood (pp. 177-198) examines Bookshop, National Botanical Institute, Private Bag the life cycles of Orobanche and Striga (and to X101 Pretoria 0001, South Africa (email: some extent Triphysaria) from the molecular point [email protected]). The price is US$15 plus of view. Starting with germination signaling and $14.50 for packing and postage by surface mail. continuing through parasite growth and nutrient There is an order form on the web-site acquisition, the contribution of molecular (www.nbi.ac.za). approaches to understanding parasitism is integrated into a brief description of our knowledge of the host-parasite interactions. For each stage, there is GENERAL WEB SITES discussion (or speculation!) of the potential for genetic engineering to enhance host resistance to For individual web-site papers and reports see parasitism. LITERATURE

‘Biological control of root parasitic weeds with For information on the International Parasitic Plant plant pathogens.’ Jürgen Kroschel, and Dorette Society, past and current issues of Hustorium, etc. Müller-Stöver (pp. 423-438) cover the rapidly see: http://www.ppws.vt.edu/IPPS/ expanding body of literature on biological control of Striga and Orobanche species. After a brief For past and current issues of Haustorium see also: consideration of insects, the review concentrates on http://web.odu.edu/haustorium fungi (primarily of the genus Fusarium) that have shown promise in lab and greenhouse studies. For the ODU parasite site see: Aspects of biological control ranging from target http://www.odu.edu/webroot/instr/sci/plant.nsf/page specificity and efficacy to application strategies are s/parasitic_page covered. For Dan Nickrent’s ‘The Parasitic Plant Connection’ see: HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 12 http://www.science.siu.edu/parasitic- correlated with production of fusaric or plants/index.html dehydrofusaric acids, or with toxicity to brine shrimps.) For The Mistletoe Center (including a Adhikari, D., Arunachalam, A., Majumder, M., comprehensive Annotated Bibliography on Sarmah, R. and Khan, M.L. 2003. A rare root mistletoes) see: parasitic plant (Sapria himalayana Griffith.) in http://www.rmrs.nau.edu/misteltoe/welcome.html Namdapha National Park, northeastern India. Current Science 85: 1668-1669. (Describing For on-line access to USDA Forest Service bracteolatum and T. serrulatum the Agriculture Handbook 709 ‘Dwarf Mistletoes: hosts plants of the holoparasitic S. himalayana Biology, Pathology and Systematics’ see: ().) http://www.rmrs.nau.edu/publications/ah_709/ Aizen, M.A. 2003. Influences of animal pollination and seed dispersal on winter flowering in a For information on activities and publications of the temperate mistletoe. Ecology 84: 2613-2627. (It parasitic weed group at the University of appears that winter flowering in Tristerix Hohenheim see: http://www.uni- corymbosus is associated with optimal fruit hohenheim.de/~www380/parasite/start.htm dispersal by the marsupial Dromiciops australis in summer.) For information on, and to subscribe to, PpDigest Aliyu, L., Lagoke, S.T.O., Carsky, R.J., Kling, J., see: Omotayo, O. and Shebayan, J.Y. 2004. http://omnisterra.com/mailman/listinfo/pp_omnister Technical and economic evaluation of some ra.com Striga control packages in maize in the Nigerian Guinea Savanna. Crop Protection 23: 65-69. For information on the EU COST 849 Project and (Describing a range of integrated control options reports of its meetings see: involving tolerant maize varieties, N fertilizer, http://cost849.ba.cnr.it/ and pre- and post-emergence herbicide.) Amuchástegui, A., Petryna, L., Cantero, J.J. and For the Parasitic Plants Database, including ‘4000 Núñez, C. 2003. (Parasitic flowering plants of entries giving an exhaustive nomenclatural synopsis central Argentina.) (in Spanish) Acta Botanica of all parasitic plants’ the address is: Malacitana 28: 37-46. (Eight taxa belonging to 5 http://www.omnisterra.com/bot/pp_home.cgi families and 8 genera are reported, but not listed in the abstract.) For a description and other information about the Anon 2003. New resistant cultivars. Zashchita i Desmodium technique for Striga suppression, see: Karantin Rasteniĭ11: 42-44. (Including http://www.push-pull.net information on a range of sunflower varieties released in 2002, and their resistance to For information on EC-funded project ‘Improved Orobanche.) Striga control in maize and sorghum (ISCIMAS) Arda, N., Önay, E , Koz, Ö. and Kirmizigül, S. see: http://www.plant.dlo.nl/projects/Striga/ 2003. Monosaccharides and polyols from mistletoes (Viscum album L.) growing on two For brief articles on Striga in New Agriculturist on- different host species. Biologia (Bratislava) 58: line see: http://www.new-agri.co.uk/04- 1037-1041. (Sugar contents varied according to 1/focuson/focuson5.html the subspecies of V. album, glucose and galactose being much higher in ssp. abietis on Pinus nigra, while mannose, arabinose, xylitol LITERATURE and inositol tended to be higher in ssp. album on Tilia tomentosa.) * indicates web-site reference only Aukema, J.E. 2004. Distribution and dispersal of desert mistletoe is scale-dependent, Abouzeid, M.A., Boari, A., Zonno, M.C., Vurro, M. hierarchically nested. Ecography 27: 137-144. and Evidente, A. 2004. Toxicity profiles of (Concluding that seed-dispersing birds are a potential biocontrol agents of Orobanche significant factor in distribution of ramosa. Weed Science 52: 326-332. (Tests Phoradendron californicum in Arizona, USA.) with 53 strains of 15 mainly Fusarium spp. Avdeyev, Y.I., Scherbinin, B.M., Ivanova, L.M. and showed 9 to be highly virulent against O. Avdeyev, A.Y. 2003. Studying of tomato ramosa. Virulence was not necessarily resistance to broomrape and breeding varieties HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 13

for processing. In: Bieche, B. and Branthome, X. Tapinanthus) dodoneifolius (the most (eds.) Acta Horticulturae 613: 283-290. widespread), Englerina lecardii, Globimetula (Including results of screening tomato for cupulata, Tapinanthus bangwensis, T. globiferus resistance to Orobanche aegyptiaca and O. and T. ophiodes and suggesting possible control cernua.) measures.) Aymerich, P. 2003. (Floristic data of the upper Brand, J.E., Robinson, N. and Archibald, R.D. Segre and Llobregat basins.) (in Catalan) Acta 2003. Establishment and growth of sandalwood Botanica Barcinonensia 48: 15-28. (Noting new (Santalum spicatum) in south-western Australia: sites for Arceuthobium oxycedri in the Spanish Acacia host trials. Australian Forestry 66: 294- Pyrenees.) 299. (S. spicatum sown next to 1-year old hosts Barkman, T.J., Emoi, B.E. and Repin, R. 2003. The grew better on A. saligna (53 mm stem diameter genus Balanophora (Balanophoraceae) in after 3 years) than on A. acuminata (33 mm), A. Sabah, Malaysia. Blumea 48: 465-474. microbotrya (20 mm) or A. hemiteles (11 mm).) (Providing descriptions, illustrations and a key Brandt, J.P., Hiratsuka, Y. and Pluth, D.J. 2003. to 5 species of Balanophora occurring on Adhesives for seed placement during artificial Borneo.) inoculation of Pinus banksiana seedlings with Barkman, T.J., Lim, S.H , Kamarudin Mat Salleh the dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium and Jamili Nais. 2004. Mitochondrial DNA americanum). Canadian Journal of Botany 81: sequences reveal the photosynthetic relatives of 1039-1043. (Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) , the world's largest flower. Proceedings proved more effective than lanolin, PVA or the of the National Academy of Sciences of the natural viscin.) United States of America 101: 787-792. Brandt, J.P., Hiratsuka, Y. and Pluth, D.J. 2004. (Proposing relationship of Rafflesia with Extreme cold temperatures and survival of , and of Mitrastemma overwintering and germinated Arceuthobium (Mitrastemmaceae) with Ericales.) americanum seeds. Canadian Journal of Forest Berg, S., Krupinska, K. and Krause, K. 2003. Research 34: 174-183. (Absence of A. Plastids of three Cuscuta species differing in americanum on jack pine in N. Canada may be plastid coding capacity have a common parasite- explained by low temperatures.) specific RNA composition. Planta 218: 135-142. Brault, M., Gibot-Leclerc, S. and Sallé, G. 2002. (Although C. odorata, C. gronovii, and C. (Branched broomrape in the world.) (in French) reflexa reflect a spectrum of reduction in France Tabac 192: 8-9. chloroplast genes, all three accumulate Brault, M., Gibot-Leclerc, S. and Sallé, G. 2002. approximately equivalent RNA levels.) (Branched broomrape.)(in French) France Bérubé, C. 2004. FarmServe Africa. Farmer to Tabac 194: 22-25. Farmer Volunteer report. Braun, J.M., Blackwell, C.C., Weir, D.M. and http://www3.telus.net/conrad/index (Report, Beuth, J. 2003. Cytokine release of whole blood including photographs, of a 6-week visit to from adult female donors challenged with Ghana, promoting benefits of IPM, including mistletoe lectin-1 standardised mistletoe extract legume intercropping, for control of Striga and E. coli endotoxin or phytohaemagglutinin hermonthica.) (PHA). Anticancer Research 23: 1349-1352. Botanga, C.J., Alabi, S.O., Echekwu, C.A. and Bungard, R.A. 2004. Photosynthetic evolution in Lagoke, S.T.O. 2003. Genetics of suicidal parasitic plants: insight from the chloroplast germination of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth genome. BioEssays 26: 235-247. (A review of by cotton. Crop Science 43: 483-488. (A range the evolution of the chloroplast genomes of of cotton genotypes showed a range of parasitic plants, with consideration of genes that germination stimulant activity, which proved to seem to be lost rapidly (chlororespiratory ndh be controlled by a single dominant gene for high genes) or retained beyond obvious usefulness stimulant production.) (rubisco rbcL).) Boussim, I.J., Guinko, S., Tuquet, C. and Sallé, G. Buschmann, H. 2004. (Hemp death, tobacco 2004. Mistletoes of the agroforestry parklands of strangler - and soon a threat for rape? The Burkina Faso. In: Teklehaimanot, Z. (ed.) parasitic weed Orobanche ramosa is gaining Agroforestry parkland systems in sub-Saharan ground.) (in German) Gesunde Pflanzen 56: 39- Africa. Selected papers from an international 47. (Referring to the serious infestation of rape- workshop held in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, seed by O. ramosa in western France, while 13-16 January 2003. Agroforestry Systems hemp, tomato and tobacco are the main hosts in 60(1): 39-49. (Listing hosts for Agelanthus (= .) HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 14

Carranza González, E. 2002. (Flora of Bajio and Denirchi, F., Baser, K.H.C. 2004. The volatiles of adjacent regions. Family Rafflesiaceae.) (in fresh-cut Osyris alba L. flowers. Flavour and Spanish) Flora del Bajío y de Regiones Fragrance Journal 19(1): 72-73. (Identifying 13 Adyacentes 107: 13 pp. (Four genera of hexyl and hexenyl compounds contributing to Rafflesiaceae occur in Mexico. The genera flower fragrance in O. alba.) Bdallophytum and the species B. americanum Denwar, N.N. and Ofori, K. 2003. Variation in trap- and Pilostyles thurberi are described.) crop capacity of genotypes for the Chae SangHeon , Yoneyama, K., Takeuchi, Y. and control of Striga hermonthica. International Joel, D.M. 2004. Fluridone and norflurazon, Journal of Agriculture and Biology 5: 504-506. carotenoid-biosynthesis inhibitors, promote seed (Production of germination stimulant varied conditioning and germination of the holoparasite widely among 60 varieties of soybean tested, but Orobanche minor. Physiologia Plantarum 120: was not apparently correlated with any of the 328-337. (Fluridone and norflurazon mimicked agronomic traits studied.) GA in enhancing conditioning of O. minor seed Eizenberg, H., Hershenhorn, J., Graph, S. and but apparently by some mechanism other than Manor, H. 2003. Orobanche aegyptiaca control inhibiting ABA biosynthesis.) in tomato with sulfonylurea herbicides. In: Chiu, S.B. and Shen Hao. 2004. Growth studies of Bieche, B. and Branthome, X. (eds.) Acta Cuscuta spp. (dodder parasitic plant) on Mikania Horticulturae 613: 205-208. (Successful control micrantha and Asystasia intrusa. The Planter achieved with post-emergence rimsulfuron or (Kuala Lumpur) 88(934): 31-36. (In experiments sulfosulfuron followed by sprinkler irrigation, in Malaysia and in W. Kalimantan, Indonesia, and then by repeated chlorsulfuron via drip artificial establishment of C. campestris from irrigation.) seed or stems showed a low rate of Eizenberg, H., Plakhine, D., Hershenhorn, J., establishment but successful control of both Kleifeld, Y. and Rubin, B. 2004. Variation in target species when establishment succeeded. responses of sunflower cultivars to the parasitic Establishment of a second, non-flowering weed broomrape. Plant Disease 88: 479-484. (O. species, perhaps C. reflexa, was more reliable cernua germinated but failed to develop on and also led to good control of M. micrantha.) sunflower. Resistance of var. Ambar to O. Corazzi, G. 2003. Taxonomic notes and distribution cumana, O. ramosa and O. aegyptiaca is also of Orobanche L. (Orobanchaceae) in Latium manifested during tubercle development.) (Central Italy). Webbia 58: 411-439. (Providing Ekbote, S.D., Kachapur, M.R. and Chattannavar, a revised dichotomous key for the 19 taxa now S.N. 2003. Niger - new host of dodder. Journal found in this district.) of Mycology and Plant Pathology 33(1): 149. Coulon, A., Mosbah, A., Lopez, A., Sautereau, (Reporting Cuscuta sp. on Guizotia abyssinica A.M., Schaller, G., Urech, K., Rougé, P. and in Karnataka, India.) Darbon, H. 2003. Comparative membrane Elzein, A. and Kroschel, J. 2003. Progress on interaction study of viscotoxins A3, A2 and B management of parasitic weeds. FAO Plant from mistletoe (Viscum album) and connections Production and Protection Paper No.120(Add.1): with their structures. Biochemical Journal 374: 109-143. (A general review of control measures 71-78. (NMR determination of the 3D structures for Striga and Orobanche spp.) of viscotoxins A2 and B help to explain their Elzein, A., Kroschel, J. and Müller-Stöver, D. 2004. lesser activity compared with A3.) Effects of inoculum type and propagule Csiky, J., Baráth, K. and Lájer, K. 2004. Cuscuta concentration on shelf life of Pesta formulations species in Hungary. Zeitschrift für containing Fusarium oxysporum Foxy 2, a Pflanzenkrankheit und Pflanzenschutz 19: 201- potential mycoherbicide agent for Striga spp. 208. (Eight Cuscuta spp. have been recorded, Biological Control 30: 203-211. (Among a range though C. epilinum is now thought to be extinct. of formulations, Pesta formulation with C. campestris, C. epithymum and C. europaea chlamydospores proved most promising.) affected crops in the past and are still the Emechebe, A.M., Ellis-Jones, J., Schulz, S., commonest, but are no longer damaging. Other Chikoye, D., Douthwaite, B., Kureh, I., spp. include C. kotschyi in dry grassland, C. Tarawali, G., Hussaini, M.A., Kormawa, P. and lupuliformis (becoming rare) in flood plains, C. Sanni, A. 2004. Farmers' perception of the australis in sedge vegetation, and C. Striga problem and its control in Northern approximata only recently found in oak Nigeria. Experimental Agriculture 40: 215-232. woodland. A total of 2500 host species are (A wide survey of farmers revealed attitudes to recorded.) the Striga problem and its control and concluded HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 15

that a legume-cereal rotation was the most inhibited germination of spores of Fusarium highly-rated control option.) solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at 10µM and Encheva, J., Christov, M., Nenov, N., Tsvetkova, F., 50% inhibition of growth occurred at 1.5 to 3.75 Ivanov, P., Shindrova, P. and Encheva, V. 2003. µM.) Developing genetic variability in sunflower Goldwasser, Y. and Kleifeld, Y. 2004. Recent (Helianthus annuus L.) by combined use of approaches to Orobanche management: a hybridization with gamma radiation or review. In: Inderjit (ed.) Weed Biology and ultrasound. Helia 26:99-108. (Use of embryo Management. Dortmund, Germany: Kluwer, pp. culture, gamma radiation and ultrasound helped 439-466. (see Book review above.) to accelerate the development of useful genetic Gressel, J. and Amsellem, Z. 2003. Transgenic traits, including 100% resistance to Orobanche mycoherbicides for effective and economic cumana in lines R114 and R116.) weed control. In: Proceedings, Crop Science and Escher, P., Eiblmeier, M., Hetzger, I. and Technology 2003, BCPC International Rennenberg, H. 2004. Seasonal and spatial Congress, Glasgow, 2003, pp. 61-68. (Suggests variation of carbohydrates in mistletoes (Viscum that biological control organisms will need to album) and the xylem sap of its hosts (Populus x have their virulence increased to be effective. euamericana and Abies alba). Physiologia Engineering fungi to overproduce auxin or Plantarum 120: 212-219. (Levels of soluble toxins enhances pathogenicity.) carbohydrate in V. album largely reflected those Gressel, J., Hanafi, A., Head, G., Marasas, W., of its host, more-or-less uniform year-round on Obilana, A.B., Ochanda, J., Souissi, T. and A. alba while showing a peak in spring, on P. x Tzotzos, G. 2004. Major heretofore intractable euamericana.) biotic constraints to African food security that Fernández-Martínez, J., Pérez-Vich, B., Akhtouch, may be amenable to novel biotechnological B., Velasco, L., Muñoz-Ruz, J., Melero-Vara, solutions. Crop Protection 23: 661-698. (A J.M. and Domínguez, J. 2004. Registration of useful review of biotic constraints affecting four sunflower germplasm resistant to race F of African farmers, including new estimates of the broomrape. Crop Science 44: 1033-1034. (Vars extent and seriousness of problems from both K-96, R-96, P-96 and L-86 released in Spain in Striga and Orobanche spp. and discussion of 2001.) available control methods) Fracchiolla, M. and Boari, A. 2003. (Effect of the Gurney, A.L., Grimanelli, D., Kanampiu, F., infestation of Orobanche ramosa on tomato and Hoisington, D., Scholes, J. D. and Press, M.C. cauliflower yield.) (in Italian) Informatore 2003.Novel sources of resistance to Striga Fitopatologico 53(2): 52-53. (Recording yield hermonthica in Tripsacum dactyloides, a wild losses of 6-20 t/ha in the two crops in Italy.) relative of maize. New Phytologist 160: 557- Galal, A.A. 2003. Bacterial wilt disease of 568. (Results suggest that T. dactyloides broomrape, Orobanche spp., in Egypt. Assiut produces a signal that inhibits haustorial Journal of Agricultural Sciences 34: 163-176. development and is mobile in the parasite, so (Studies on Pseudomonas syringae pv. preventing further attachments to a susceptible orobanchia suggest it has some potential as a maize root.) biocontrol agent.) Gworgwor, N.A. and Weber, H.C. 2003. Arbuscular Gbèhounou, G., Adango, E., Hinvi, J.C. and mycorrhizal fungi-parasite-host interaction for Nonfon, R. 2004. Sowing date or transplanting the control of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. as components for integrated Striga hermonthica in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.). control in grain-cereal crops? Crop Protection Mycorrhiza 13: 277-281. (Among 5 Glomus spp. 23: 379-386. (The causes of reduced Striga tested in pots, G. mosseae reduced emergence of infestation with delayed sowing are discussed S. hermonthica by 60% and increased sorghum without conclusive explanation. Yields of maize weight by 30%.) and sorghum were not improved by delayed Hellström, K.. Rautio, P., Huhta, A.P. and Tuomi, J. sowing, but transplanting from a Striga-free 2004. Tolerance of an annual hemiparasite, nursery may prove beneficial.) Euphrasia stricta agg., to simulated grazing in Giudici, A.M., Regente, M.C., Villalain, J., Pfüller, relation to the host environment. Flora (Jena) K., Pfüller, U. and de la Canal, L. 2004. 199: 247-255. (Removing the top 10% of E. Mistletoe viscotoxins induce membrane stricta had no detrimental effect and could even permeabilization and spore death in be beneficial in some mowing/grazing phytopathogenic fungi. Physiologia Plantarum situations, but removing 50% was fatal.) 121: 27. (Viscotoxins VtA3 and VtB completely HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 16

Hess, D.E. and Dodo, H. 2004. Potential for sesame papers and posters -on parasitic plants. See to contribute to integrated control of Striga under Meetings above.) hermonthica in the West African Sahel. Crop Jain, S.H., Angadi, V.G., Shankaranarayana, K.H. Protection 23: 515-522. (Rotation with sesamum and Ravikumar, G. 2003. Relationship between reduces the Striga problem in pearl millet, but girth and percentage of oil in trees of sandal soil fertility and water conservation also need to (Santalum album L.) provenances. Sandalwood be addressed.) Research Newsletter 18: 4-5. (In a survey of S. Ho JiauChing, Chen ChiuMing and Row LieChing. album trees in S. India, oil content was found to 2004. Neolignans from the parasitic plants. Part increase from about 1.5-2.5% at 40 cm girth to 2. Cassytha filiformis. Journal of the Chinese about 4% at 80cm girth with little increase Chemical Society 51(1): 221-223. (C.filiformis, beyond this stage.) parasitic on Ipomoea imperati or Imperata Kanampiu, F.K., Friesen, D. and Gressel, J. 2002. cylindrica is known as a folk medicine in CIMMYT collaborative efforts unveils Taiwan and used for the treatment of kidney herbicide-coated maize seed technology to curb diseases.) problematic Striga. Integrated Pest Management Huber, R., Klein, R., Berg, P.A., Lüdtke, R. and Reviews 7,(1): 63-64. (A further review of this Werner, M. 2002. Effects of a lectin- and a successful technology.) viscotoxin-rich mistletoe preparation on clinical Kaplan, A. 2003. Leaf anatomy and morphology of and hematologic parameters: a placebo- 14 species belonging to the Turkish controlled evaluation in healthy subjects. Journal Rhinantheae (Scrophulariaceae) tribe. Israel of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 8: Journal of Plant Sciences 51: 297-304. (Studies 857-866. (Comparing the effects of the lectin- of leaf anatomy in 14 species of 11 genera rich Iscador Qu and the lectin-poor but showed striking variation.) viscotoxin-rich Iscador Pini mistletoe Kataria, O.P. , Chauhan, D.R. and Balyan, R.S. preparations on clinical and haematologic 2003. Effect of herbicides on weeds and seed parameters in healthy subjects.) yield of tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum L.). Indian Huguet, B., Guéry, B., Moinard, J. and Pillon, O. Journal of Weed Science 35(1/2): 151-152. 2004. (Protein crops - 2000/2003 plant health (Weeds included Orobanche aegyptiaca.) review: cold snap for some, heat wave for Kim MyungSunny, Lee Jienny, Lee KangMin, others.) (in French) Phytoma 567: 26-29. Yang SeiHoon, Choi Sujinna, Chung (Orobanche ramosa mentioned as a weed of SangYoung, Kim TaeYoung, Jeong WonHun rapeseed.) and Park Raeki. 2003. Involvement of hydrogen Hwang SukYeon, Yang EunYoung, Yeo peroxide in mistletoe lectin-II-induced apoptosis JeongHoon, Jin JiYoung, Kim HyunSung, Park of myeloleukemic U937 cells. Life Sciences 73: WonBong and Suh JungJin. 2003. Anti-tumor 1231-1243. (Korean mistletoe lectin II promotes effect of Korean mistletoe extract intensified strong induction of H2O2 in tumor cells, leading with mistletoe lectin against melanoma cells in to cell death.) vitro and in vivo. Korean Journal of Koch, A.M., Binder, C., Sanders, I.R. 2004. Does Pharmacognosy 34: 218-222. the generalist parasitic plant Cuscuta campestris Idžojtic, M., Pernar, R., Kauzlaric, Ž., Abramovic, selectively forage in heterogeneous plant M., Jankovic, D. and Pleše, M. 2003. (Intensity communities? New Phytologist 162: 147-155. of infestation of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) with (There was no evidence for direct benefits of a mistletoe (Viscum album L. ssp. abietis (Wiesb.) mixed host diet. Cuscuta campestris foraged by Abrom.) on the area of the Forest parasitising the most rewarding hosts the fastest Administration Delnice.) (in Croatian) Šumarski and then investing the most on them.) List 127: 545-559. (Results of a survey.) Korol'kova, E.O. 2002. Comparative stem anatomy Inderjit (ed.) 2004. Weed Biology and Management. of Cistanche (Orobanchaceae) representatives: Dordrecht, Germany: Kluwer Academic systematics problems. University Publishers,. 553 pp. (Containing several Biological Sciences Bulletin 57(3): 31-39. chapters relating to parasitic plants – see Book (Noting the absence of glandualr hairs on the review above.) stems of Cistanche compared with Orobanche. IWSC. 2004. Weed Science Serving Humanity. And suggesting arrangement of local species Abstracts of the 4th International Weed Science into a different grouping than that proposed by Congress, June 20-24, 2004, Durban, Southe Beck.) Africa. IWSC/South African Weed Science Kroschel, J. and Elzein, A. 2004. Bioherbicidal Society, 128 pp. (Including abstracts of many effect of fumonisin B1, a phytotoxic metabolite HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 17

naturally produced by Fusarium nygamai, on Lundquist, J.E., Goheen, E.M. and Goheen, D. J. parasitic weeds of the genus Striga. Biocontrol 2002. Measuring positive, negative, and null Science and Technology 14: 117-128. impacts of forest disturbances: a case study (Fuminosin B1 at 1 mg/l caused some reduction using dwarf mistletoe on Douglas fir. in germination. Much higher concentrations Environmental Management 30: 793-800. were toxic when applied to foliage.) (Describing a model which indicates positive, Kroschel, J. and Muller-Stover, D. 2004. Biological negative, and neutral impacts from control of parasitic weeds. In: Inderjit (ed.) Arceuthobium douglasii on douglas fir.) Weed Biology and Management. Dortmund, Lynch, A.M. 2004. Fate and characteristics of Germany: Kluwer, pp. 423-438. (See Book Picea damaged by Elatobium abietinum review above.) (Walker) (Homoptera: Aphididae) in the White Kureh, I., Hussaini, M.A., Chikoye, D., Emechebe, Mountains of Arizona. Western North American A.M., Kormawa, P., Schulz, S., Tarawali, G., Naturalist 64(1): 7-17. (Mortality of Picea Franke, A.C. and Ellis-Jones, J. 2003. Promoting pungens and P. microcarpum from E. abietinum integrated Striga management practices in maize was enhanced by infestation with Arceuthobium in northern Nigeria. In: Proceedings, Crop microcarpum.) Science and Technology 2003, BCPC Ma YongQing 2003. Allelopathy research in International Congress, Glasgow, 2003, pp. mainland China. Allelopathy Journal 12(2): 163- 1023-1028. (Describing the development of an 178. (Including a report of allelopathic effects of integrated programme for control of Striga Pedicularis longiflora.) hermonthica, based on a tolerant maize variety, Magda, D., Duru, M. and Theau, J-P. 2004. N fertilizer, and intercropping with soybean.) Defining management rules for grasslands using Kutafin, A.I. 2003. Control of foci of quarantine weed demographic characteristics. Weed weeds. Zashchita i Karantin Rasteniĭ12: 10-11. Science 52: 339-345. (Studies on Rhinanthus (Including reference to Cuscuta spp.) minor in the French Pyrenees suggested Kuyper, T.W. 2002. (Deceit in mycorrhiza world, or longevity of only 2 to 3 years. Lack of mowing how the mycorrhizal fungus proved to be a or grazing could lead to dominance but a single cheat. (in Dutch) Coolia 45(4): 205-207. well-timed grazing could give eradication within (Reviewing literature on the triangular a few years.) relationship between the parasitic plant Maloy, O.C. and Lang, K.J. 2003. Carl Freiherr von Monotropa hypopitys, the ectomycorrhizal Tubeuf: pioneer in biological control of plant genus Tricholoma and the tree host, whereby M. diseases. Annual Review of Phytopathology 41: hypopitys obtains its nutrients from the fungus 41-52. (Noting von Tubeuf’s interest in the and its sugars from the tree via the fungus.) mistletoes.) Labrada, R. 2003. Present trends in weed Marley, P.S., Aba, D.A., Shebayan, J.A.Y., Musa, management. FAO Plant Production and R. and Sanni, A. 2004. Integrated management Protection Paper No.120(Add.1): 257-269. of Striga hermonthica in sorghum using a (Including reference to management of Striga in mycoherbicide and host plant resistance in the Ethiopia and Sudan.) Nigerian Sudano-Sahelian savanna. Weed Labrousse, P., Arnaud, M.C., Griveau, Y., Fer, A. Research 44: 157-162. (Emergence of S. and Thalouarn, P. 2004. Analysis of resistance hermonthica was reduced by 95% and sorghum criteria of sunflower recombined inbred lines yields increased 50% by a combination of a against Orobanche cumana Wallr. Crop mycoherbicide based on Fusarium oxysporum Protection 23: 407-413. (Suggesting several isolate PSM 197, applied in the planting hole, different resistance mechanisms available from and use of sorghum variety Samsorg 40 (ICSV crosses of Helianthus annuus with the resistant 111).) wild species H. debilis.) Marley, P.S., Toure, A., Shebayan, J.A.Y., Aba, Liu Hui and Yuan ShiBin 2003. Biological D.A., Toure, A.O., Diallo, A.G. and Katilé, S.O. characteristics of Glomerella cingulata (Penz.) 2004. Variability in host plant resistance of Sacc. f.sp. cuscutae Chang. Journal of Sichuan sorghum to Striga hermonthica infestation in Agricultural University 21(1): 23-26. (G. West Africa. Archives of Phytopathology and cingulata, the active ingredient of Lubao No. 1, Plant Protection 37: 29-34. (As a result of field used for biocontrol of Cuscuta chinensis, is trials in Nigeria and Mali, the varieties shown to be stimulated by extracts of the MALISOR 84-1, SAMSORG 41, 97-SB-F5DT- Cuscuta.) 64, 97-SB-F5DT-65, CMDT 39 and SAMSORT 14 are proposed for wider evaluation.) HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 18

Mathiasen, R., Haefeli, M. and Leatherman, D. Mishra, J.S., Manish Bhan, Moorthy, B.T.S. and 2003. First report of Arceuthobium vaginatum Yaduraju, N.T. 2003. Influence of seeding depth subsp. cryptopodum on Pinus mugo. Plant on emergence of Cuscuta with linseed and Disease 87: 1395. (In Colorado, USA.). summer blackgram. Indian Journal of Weed Mathiasen, R.L., Melgar, J., Beatty, J.S., Parks, Science 35: 281-282. (Most emergence of C. C.G., Nickrent, D.L., Sesnie, S., Daugherty, ?campestris was from the surface and 2 and 4 C.M., Howell, B.E. and Garnett, G.N. New cm depths. None occurred from below 8 cm distributions and hosts for mistletoes depth.) parasitizing pines in Southern Mexico and Mishra, V., Sharma, R.S., Yadav, S., Babu, C.R. Central America. Madroño 50(2): 115-121. and Singh, T.P. 2004. Purification and (Miscellaneous observations on distribution and characterization of four isoforms of Himalayan hosts ranges of Psittacanthus, Struthanthus and mistletoe ribosome-inactivating protein from Arceuthobium spp.) Viscum album having unique sugar affinity. Matsubara, S., Morosinotto, T., Bassi, R. , Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 423: Christian, A.L., Fischer-Schliebs, E., Lüttge, U., 288-301. Orthen, B., Franco, A.C., Scarano, F.R., Förster, Moorthy, B.T.S., Mishra, J.S. and Dubey, R.P. B., Pogson, B.J. and Osmond, C.B. 2003. 2003. Certain investigations on the parasitic Occurrence of the lutein-epoxide cycle in weed Cuscuta in field crops. Indian Journal of mistletoes of the Loranthaceae and Viscaceae. Weed Science 35: 214-216. (Mung bean, niger Planta 217: 868-879. seed, lentil and chickpea were highly susceptible Matthes, M., Napier, J.A., Pickett, J.A. and to C. ?campestris; linseed and pea were less Woodcock, C.M. 2003. New chemical signals in susceptible; and wheat, Indian mustard and plant protection against herbivores and weeds. Phaseolus beans were unaffected.) In: Proceedings, Crop Science and Technology Muir, J.A., Robinson, D.C.E. and Geils, B.W. 2003. 2003, BCPC International Congress, Glasgow, Characterizing the effects of dwarf mistletoe and 2003, pp. 1227-1236. (Referring to the use of other diseases for sustainable forest Desmodium uncinatum in control of Striga management. BC Journal of Ecosystems and hermonthica.) Management 3(2): 88-94. (The effects of Mbwaga, A. 2004. Rice is greener on the other side. Arceuthobium tsugense on western hemlock are Annual Report for 2003-2004. Crop protection being manipulated and modelled to clarify the Programme. Department for International potential for reducing damage via a range of Development. Aylesford, UK: Natural management options.) Resources International Ltd. p. 1.25. (Describing Murphy, M. and Garkalis, M. 2003. Hopping into a successful use of rotation with ‘Crotalaria sp.’ bright future – the woylie sandalwood story. (C. ochroleuca) or pigeon pea as a green Western Wildlife 7(3), July 2003 and manure, for improving soil fertility and reproduced in Sandalwood Research Newsletter controlling Striga asiatica in rice. Rice yields 18: 6-7. (Confirming the role of the marsupial have been increased four-fold.) rat-kangaroo Bettongia pencillata in dispersing Mercadé, A. 2003. (Notes on the flora of Moianès the seeds of Santalum spicatum in Western (Catalonia, Spain).) (in Catalan) 2003. Acta Australia.) Botanica Barcinonensia 48: 29-44. (Including Nagaveni, H.C. and Vijayalakshmi, G. 2003. notes on Odontites lanceolata spp. olotensis.) Growth performance of sandal (Santalum album Meyer, L. 2004. Montana - forest insect and disease L.) with different host species. Sandalwood conditions and program highlights - 2003. Forest Research Newsletter 18: 1-4. (In pot and field Health Protection Report - Northern Region, comparisons of 9 potential hosts, Pongamia USDA Forest Service, 2004, No. 04-1, 53 pp. pinnata and Caasuarina equisetifolia supported (Including reports on Arceuthobium infestation.) most robust growth of S. album while Aacacia Miller, A.C., Watling, J.R., Overton, I.C. and auriculiformis and Sweitenia mahogani hindered Sinclair, R. 2003. Does water status of growth.) Eucalyptus largiflorens (Myrtaceae) affect Nickrent, D.L., Garcia, M.A., Martin, M.P. and infection by the mistletoe Amyema miquelii Mathiasen, R.L. 2004. A phylogeny of all (Loranthaceae)? Functional Plant Biology 30: species of Arceuthobium (Viscaceae) using 1239-1247. (Concluding that increasing water nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences. and/or salinity stress make E. largiflorens a less American Journal of Botany 91: 125-138. (A suitable host for A. miqelii.) revised classification of the genus based on molecular data.) HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 19

Noetzli, K.P., Müller, B. and Sieber, T.N. 2003. Pryme, I.F., Bardocz, S., Pusztai, A., Ewen, S.W. Impact of population dynamics of white and Pfüller, U. 2004. A mistletoe lectin (ML-1)- mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. abietis) on containing diet reduces the viability of a murine European silver fir (Abies alba). Annals of non-Hodgkin lymphoma tumor. Cancer Forest Science 60: 773-779. (Growth of 70-year Detection and Prevention 28: 52-56. old A. alba had apparently been seriously Punz, W. 2001. (Heavy metal accumulating and reduced by infestation of V. album since 1983.) hyperaccumulating plants on mining areas in the Odebiyi, J.A., Bada, S.O., Omoloye, A.A., Eastern Alps.) (in German) Verhandlungen der Awodoyin, R.O. and Oni, P. 2004. I. Vertebrate Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in and insect pests and hemi-parasitic plants of Österreich 138: 129-136. (Euphrasia is among a Parkia biglobosa and Vitellaria paradoxa in number of genera found to accumulate more Nigeria. In: Teklehaimanot, Z. (ed.) than 1000 ppm zinc.) Agroforestry parkland systems in sub-Saharan Puustinen, S., Koskela, T. and Mutikainen, P. 2004. Africa. Selected papers from an international Direct and ecological costs of resistance and workshop held in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, tolerance in the stinging nettle. Oecologia 139: 13-16 January 2003. Agroforestry Systems 76-82. (An expansion of previous work (see 60(1): 51-59. (Tapinanthus globiferus and T. Mutikainen, P. and Koskela, T. 2002 in dodoneifolius are both of concern. Pruning Haustorium 44) and concluding that there were affected branches had not proved an effective no significant correlations among resistance and control method.) tolerance of Urtica dioica to different natural *O’Driscoll, C.W. 2003. Preliminary review of the enemies (i.e. Cuscuta europaea, snails, and genus Cuscuta in North America prepared for mammals). the NAPPO PRA panel – July/August 2003. Quested, H.M., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Press, M.C., North American Plant Protection Organization. Callaghan, T.V., Aerts, R., Trosien, F., http://www.nappo.org/PRA- Riemann, P., Gwynn-Jones, D., Kondratchuk, A. sheets/CuscutaTable2003.pdf (Listing about 80 and Jonasson, S.E. 2003. Decomposition of sub- species occurring in N. America, with brief arctic plants with differing nitrogen economies: notes on their characteristics and host range and a functional role for hemiparasites. Ecology: 84: their distribution within USA, Canada and 3209-3221. (Concluding that production of Mexico.) nutrient rich, rapidly decomposing litter by Okonta, J.M. , Ezugwu, C.O. and Nwodo, J. N. Bartsia apina, Pedicularis lapponica, P. hirsuta, 2003. Blood sugar lowering effect of Viscum P. sceptrum-carolinum, Rhinanthus minor, album seed extract in rabbits. Journal of Euphrasia frigida and Melampyrum silvaticum Tropical Medicinal Plants 4(1): 39-41. has the potential to greatly enhance the Oswald, A. and Ransom, J.K. 2004. Response of availability of nutrients within patches where maize varieties to Striga infestation. Crop they are abundant, with possible consequent Protection 23: 89-94. (Field screening suggests effects on small-scale biodiversity (cf. Quested some useful degrees of tolerance or resistance, et al., 2003 in Haustorium 44)). among medium-term maize varieties in western Rassoulzadeh , S., Saneii, S.M. and Asgarii, M.A. Kenya.) 2003. Selective control of dodder (Cuscuta Pérez-de-Luque, A., Jorrín, J.V. and Rubiales, D. monogina L.) parasitizing pomegranate trees 2004. Crenate broomrape control in pea by foliar (Punica granatum L.). In: Lee JungMyung and application of benzothiadiazole (BTH). Zhang DongLin (eds.) Asian plants with unique Phytoparasitica 32: 21-29. (Foliar application of horticultural potential: genetic resources, BTH reduced infection of pea by O. crenata, cultural practices and utilization. Proceedings of reducing attachment and slowing development.) the XXVI International Horticultural Congress, Piotrowski, A., Ochocka, J.R., Stefanowicz, J. and Toronto, Canada, 11-17 August 2002. Acta Luczkiewicz, M. 2003. Molecular genetic Horticulturae 620: 215-219. (Reporting survey of European mistletoe (Viscum album) successful trials with diluted glyphosate for subspecies with allele-specific and dCAPS type control of C. monogyna on pomegranate.) markers specific for chloroplast and nuclear Rodríguez-Conde, M.F., Moreno, M.T., Cubero, J.I. DNA sequences. Planta Medica 69: 939-944. and Rubiales, D. 2004. Characterization of the (Of 118 plants surveyed, 103 displayed Orobanche-Medicago truncatula association for characteristics consistent with strict host studying early stages of the parasite-host specificity of the subspecies. No evidence was interaction. Weed Research (Oxford) 44: 218- found for hybridization among subspecies.). 223. (M. trunculata shows variation in its HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 20

stimulation of, and susceptibility to, Orobanche Sánchez Gómez, P., Carrión Vilches, M.Á., spp., making it a potentially useful model plant Hernández González, A., Vera Pérez, J.B. and for studies on host/parasite interactions.) López Espinosa, J.A. 2003. (Chorological and Ross, K.C., Colquhoun, J.B. and Mallory-Smith, nomenclatural notes about vascular flora of SE C.A. 2004. Small broomrape (Orobanche minor) Spain.) (in Spanish) Anales de Biología 25: 109- germination and early development in response 112. (Including a first record of Odontites luteus to plant species. Weed Science 52: 260-266. (O. in Albacete province.) minor from a red clover host was tested on a Sandler, H.A., Shumaker, D.E. and Mason, J. 2003. wide range of crop and weed species in Compost recipe development and weed seed polyethylene bags and in the field. Several other viability evaluation with cranberry leaves. Trifolium spp., and lucerne/alfalfa were Compost Science & Utilization 11: 351-360. susceptible hosts in both situations; many other (Composted cranberry leaves reached species stimulated germination only in the bags. temperatures sufficient to kill weed seeds Among these Vicia sativa did not support including those of Cuscuta.) development in polyethythene bags but was Sanginga, N., Dashiell, K.E., Diels, J., Vanlauwe, attacked in the field.) B., Lyasse, O., Carsky, R.J., Tarawali, S., Rubiales, D. 2003. Parasitic plants, wild relatives Asafo-Adjei, B., Menkir, A., Schulz, S., Singh, and the nature of resistance. New Phytologist B.B., Chikoye, D., Keatinge, D. and Ortiz, R. 160: 459-461. (A review, highlighting the 2003. Sustainable resource management coupled resistance of Tripsacum dactyloides to Striga to resilient germplasm to provide new intensive hermonthuca.) cereal-grain-legume-livestock systems in the dry Rubiales, D., Alcántara, C. and Sillero, J.C. 2004. savanna. In: Lyasse, O., Sanginga, N., Variation in resistance to Orobanche crenata in Vanlauwe, B., Diels, J. and Merckx, R. (eds.) species of Cicer. Weed Research 44: 27-32. (A Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment high degree of resistance to O. crenata was 100(2/3): 305-314. (Claiming promising shown in many of the 99 accessions tested, potential for an integrated livestock/cropping belonging to 11 species of Cicer (curiously system in Striga hermonthica-infested land, excluding C. arietinum). Resistance was based involving rotations of maize and ‘promiscuous’ largely on low stimulant exudation, but also (high-nodulating) soybean, with finger millet included some apparent hyper-sensitive and dual-purpose cowpeas.) response.) Satô, M. 2004. (The first record of Orobanche Sallé, G. and Frochot, H. 2002. (The forestry coerulescens from Rishiri Island, northern problems caused by muérdago (Viscum album) Hokkaido.) (in Japanese) Rishiri Studies 23: 3,5. and potential methods of control.) (in Spanish) Schneeweiss, G.M., Colwell, A., Park JeongMi, Chapter 7 in: Lopez Saez, J.A. and Catalan, P. Jang ChangGee and Stuessy, T.F. 2004. (eds) Plantas parasitas de la peninsula iberica y Phylogeny of holoparasitic Orobanche Baleares, Spain: Mundi-Prensa. pp. 477-499. (Orobanchaceae) inferred from nuclear ITS Sallé, G. and Neumann, U. 2003. (Angiosperm sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and parasites: biology and control methods) (in Evolution 30: 465-478. (Concluding that French) In: Lepoivre, P. (ed.) Phytopathologie. Orobanche is not monophyletic, but falls into Bases moléculaire et biologiques des two lineages: (1) the Orobanche group pathosystèmes et fondeme de lutte. Traité de comprises Orobanche sect. Orobanche and the phytopathologie végétale. Gembloux, Belgium : genus Diphelypaea; (2) the Phelipanche group de Boeck and Les Presses Agronomiques de contains Orobanche sects. Gymnocaulis, Gembloux, pp. 145-159. Myzorrhiza, and Trionychon.) Samaké, O. 2003. Integrated crop management Schneeweiss, G.M., Palomeque, T., Colwell, A.E. strategies in Sahelian land use systems to and Weiss-Schneeweiss, H. 2004. Chromosome improve agricultural productivity and numbers and karyotype evolution in sustainability: a case study in Mali. Tropical holoparasitic Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) and Resource Management Papers 47, 132 pp. related genera. American Journal of Botany 91: (Reporting trials with cowpea intercropping or 439-448. (Concluding that chromosome number rotation, and phosphate fertilizer among has evolved by polyploidisation from two strategies to improve millet yields in the ancestral base numbers, 5 and 6 to x = 20 in presence of severe Striga hermonthica Cistanche, to x = 12 or 24 in Orobanche infestations.) (sections Gymnocaulis, Myorrhiza and Trionychon) and, after dysploidisation, to x = HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 21

19 in Orobanche (section Orobanche) and Medicina Veterinara a Banatului Timisoara Diphelypaea.) 32(1): 403-406. Showemimo, F.A. and Alabi, S.O. 2004. Influence Tei, F., Montemurro, P., Baumann, D.T., of cotton plant population in the control of Dobrzanski, A., Giovinazzo, R., Kleifeld, Y., Striga hermonthica in maize under greenhouse Rocha, F., Rzozi, S.B., Sanseovic, T., Simončič, condition. Journal of Food, Agriculture & A. and Zaragoza, C. 2003. Weeds and weed Environment 2: 281-284. (In a pot experiment, management in processing tomato. In: Bieche, cotton variety TAMCOT-CAMD-E proved B., Branthome, X. (eds.) Acta Horticulturae 613: superior to 3 other varieties in suppressing S. 111-121. (Increasing problems in tomato include hermonthica. and improving maize growth) Orobanche spp. in Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Snyder, A.M., Clark, B.M., Robert, B., Ruban, A.V. Israel and Italy, while Cuscuta campestris is a and Bungard, R.A. 2004. Carotenoid specificity problem in Spain and Israel.) of light-harvesting complex II binding sites: Thomas, P.A. and Polwart, A. 2003. Taxus baccata occurrence of 9-cis-violaxanthin in the L. Journal of Ecology (Oxford) Vol.91: .489- neoxanthin-binding site in the parasitic 524. (Including reference to occurrence of plant angiosperm Cuscuta reflexa. Journal of parasites in U.K. – presumably Viscum album.) Biological Chemistry 279: 5162-5168. (C. Tomilov, A., Tomilova, N. and Yoder, J.I. 2004. In reflexa has a unique carotenoid composition, in vitro haustorium development in roots and root which the novel compound 9-cis-violaxanthin cultures of the hemiparasitic plant Triphysaria replaces neoxanthin, which is found in all other versicolor. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture higher plant species studied to date.) 77: 257-265. (Concluding that root cultures Ssango, F. and Balitenda, M. 2003. Effect of should provide useful material for molecular application of witch weed control options on studies of haustorium development.) performance of two maize varieties in Uganda. Tsopelas, P. and Angelopoulos, A. 2003. Incidence Muarik Bulletin 6: 83-88. (Recording profitable of root diseases in the fir forest of Mount Parnis effects of integrating urea fertilizer, dicamba, National Park, Greece. In: Laflamme, G., and mechanical weeding for control of Striga Bérubé, J.A. and Bussières, G. (eds.) (?hermonthica). Sunflower as a trap crop did not Information Report - Laurentian Forestry appear to be effective.) Centre, Quebec Region, Canadian Forest Stein, G.M., Bussing, A. and Schietzel, M. 2002. Service, 2003, No. LAU-X-126, pp. 408-412. Activation of dendritic cells by an aqueous (Viscum album described as an ‘important mistletoe extract and mistletoe lectin-3 in vitro. factor’ in tree mortality of Abies cephalonica.) Anticancer Research.22 (1A): 267-274. Tugnoli, V. 2003. (Costs and benefits of weed Strange, R. 2003. Introduction to Plant Pathology. control in sugarbeet.) (in Italian) Informatore London, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 464 pp. Agrario 59(49) 57-60. (Referring to ‘Cuscuta‘ as (A text book with comprehensive coverage of a major weed of sugar beet.) plant disease, including a section on parasitic Udod, A.N. 2003. Systematic work is needed. plants.) Zashchita i Karantin Rasteniĭ11: 36. (Noting the Sweetapple, P.J. 2003. Possum (Trichosurus infestation of over 40,000 ha with the quarantine vulpecula) diet in a mast and non-mast seed year weeds Cuscuta spp. in Rostov region.) in a New Zealand Nothofagus forest. New Vitek, E. 2002. (Comments to the revised edition of Zealand Journal of Ecology 27: 157-167. "Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Band 4 (Noting that mistletoes Peroxilla tetrapetala and (Kritischer Band)". 4. A new subspecies of Alepis flavida are preferred foods of the possum Euphrasia officinalis.) (in German) but are only ever available in small quantities.) Schlechtendalia 8: 15-16. (Describing a new Tănase, M., Bobes, I. and Moldovan, I. 1998. combination E. officinalis ssp. versicolor.) Contributions to the study of Cuscuta varieties Vurro, M. and Boari, A. 2004. Evaluation of from Sibiu county. Notulae Botanicae, Horti Fusarium spp. and other fungi as biological Agrobotanici, Cluj-Napoca 28: 7-10. control agents of broomrape (Orobanche (Describing Cuscuta spp. and their hosts in ramosa). Biological Control 30: 212-219. Romania.) (Among 50 isolates of 15 species tested on O. Tănase, M., Neata, L. and Barbu, H. 2000. (Some ramosa on tomato in southern Italy, Fusarium aspects concerning the germination of Cuscuta oxysporum, F. solani, F. chlamydosporum and seed.) (in Romanian) Lucrai Stiintifice - F. camptoceras were among those showing Agricultura, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole si some potential as biocontrol, agents.) HAUSTORIUM 45 August 2004 22

Wass, E.F. and Mathiasen, R.L. 2003. A new to a number of studies in China suggesting subspecies of Arceuthobium tsugense useful control of M. micrantha by Cuscuta (Viscaceae) from British Columbia and campestris, C. australis and C. chinensis.) Washington. Novon 13: 268-276. (A. tsugense Zhou, W.J., Yoneyama, Y., Iso, S., Rungmekarat, ssp. contortae described from shore pine, Pinus S., Chae, S.H., Sato, D. and Joel, D.M. 2004. In contorta var. contorta.) vitro infection of host roots by differentiated Westwood, J.H. 2004. Molecular aspects of host- calli of the parasitic plant Orobanche. Journal of parasite interactions: opportunities for Experimental Botany 55: 899-907. (Calli from engineering resistance to parasitic weeds. In: O. ramosa, O. aegyptiaca and O. minor were Inderjit (Ed.) Weed Biology and Management. induced to produce roots which infected roots of Dortmund, Germany: Kluwer, pp. 177-198. (See red clover and carrot.) Book review above.) Zuber, D. 2004. Biological flora of Central Europe: Wiens, D. and Hawksworth, F. 2004. New species Viscum album L. Flora (Jena) 199: 181-203. (A of Phoradendron (Viscaceae) from Mexico and general review on taxonomy, biology, Guatemala and a synopsis of species in section physiology, etc.) Pauciflorae. Aliso (dated 2002) 21(1): 33-43. (Describing 7 new species of Phoradendron including 3 species epi-(hyper-)parasitic on other Phoradendron or Cladocolea spp.) Wood, B.W. and Reilly, C.C. 2004. Control of mistletoe in pecan trees. HortScience 39: 110- 114. (Spot treatment of Phoradendron flavescens, with 2,4-D at 1.2 to 2.4 g/litre (plus 2% crop oil), 2 to 3 weeks before bud-break, gave effective long-term control of P. flavescens HAUSTORIUM 45 without adverse effect on pecan.) has been edited by Chris Parker, 5 Royal York Yakutkin, V.I. It is possible to prevent sunflower Crescent, Bristol BS8 4JZ, UK (Email diseases. 2003. Zashchita i Karantin Rastenii, [email protected]), Lytton John 2003, No. 6, 40 pp. (Referring to the use of Musselman, Parasitic Plant Laboratory, Department varieties resistant to Orobanche cumana.) of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, *Young, E. and Mottram, A. 2004. Transplanting Norfolk Virginia 23529-0266, USA (fax 757 683 sorghum and millet – a key to risk management. 5283; Email [email protected]) and Jim http://www.bangor.ac.uk/transplanting/Transpla Westwood, Dept. of Plant Pathology, Physiology nting.pdf. (Referring to successful trials in and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA Zimbabwe and Ghana and relevance to Striga 24061-0331, USA (Email [email protected]). control.) Send material for publication to any of the editors. Zhang, L.Y., Ye, W.H., Cao, H.L. and Feng, H.L. Printing and mailing has been supported by Old 2004. Mikania micrantha H.B.K. in China – an Dominion University. overview. Weed Research 4: 42-49. (Referring