Festschrift Für PETER HANELT –

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Festschrift Für PETER HANELT – Schriften zu Genetischen Ressourcen Schriftenreihe des Informationszentrums für Genetische Ressourcen (IGR) Zentralstelle für Agrardokumentation und -information (ZADI) Band 4 Evolution und Taxonomie von pflanzen- genetischen Ressourcen – Festschrift für PETER HANELT – Tagungsband eines Internationalen Festkolloquiums anläßlich des 65. Geburtstages von Dr. Peter Hanelt am 5. und 6. Dezember 1995 in Gatersleben im Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung Herausgeber dieses Bandes R. Fritsch und K. Hammer Herausgeber: Informationszentrum für Genetische Ressourcen (IGR) Zentralstelle für Agrardokumentation und -information (ZADI) Villichgasse 17, D – 53177 Bonn Postfach 20 14 15, D – 53144 Bonn Tel.: (0228) 95 48 - 210 Fax: (0228) 95 48 - 149 Email: [email protected] Schriftleitung: Dr. Frank Begemann Layout: Gabriele Blümlein Birgit Knobloch Druck: Druckerei Schwarzbold Inh. Martin Roesberg Geltorfstr. 52 53347 Alfter-Witterschlick Schutzgebühr 15,- DM ISSN 0948-8332 © ZADI Bonn, 1996 Inhalts- und Vortragsverzeichnis 1 Inhaltsverzeichnis .........................................................................................................i Abkürzungsverzeichnis............................................................................................... iii Eröffnung des Kolloquiums und Würdigung von Dr. habil. PETER HANELT zu seinem 65. Geburtstag ..........................................................................................1 Opening of the Colloquium and laudation to Dr. habil. PETER HANELT on the occasion of his 65 anniversary U. WOBUS PETER HANELT: Die wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten des Jubilars .....................................5 PETER HANELT: His scientific work R. FRITSCH und K. HAMMER Neue Ergebnisse zur Taxonomie und Evolution von Allium L. ..................................19 New results of taxonomic and evolutionary research on Allium L. R. FRITSCH Gemeinsam Reisende – europäische Kulturpflanzen und ihre Unkräuter in Peru ....47 Joint travellers – European crop plants and their weeds in Peru G. MÜLLER Evolutionary relationships of wild and cultivated potatoes ........................................62 Evolutionsbeziehungen von wilden und kultivierten Kartoffeln J. HAWKES Von der Gestalt zum Molekül – der Weg der Systematik? ........................................88 From the plant form to the molecule: the way of systematics? G. WAGENITZ Moleküle und was dann? Zur Zukunft der Systematik...............................................98 Beyond molecules – future developments in systematics K. BACHMANN Ursprung und Evolution obligatorischer Unkräuter ..................................................109 Origins and evolution of obligatory weeds H. SCHOLZ 1 Der Vortrag von E. JÄGER: „Areale von kulturbegleitenden Pflanzenarten in Zentralasien“ wird an anderer Stelle publiziert. i Ethnobiodiversity: human diversity and plant genetic diversity in the evolution of crop plants ...........................................................................................130 Ethnobiodiversität: Die Bedeutung der Diversität des Menschen und der genetischen Diversität der Pflanzen für die Evolution der Kulturpflanzen A. SZABÓ Die Evolution der Wassermelone ............................................................................162 The evolution of watermelon T. B. FURSA Das St. Petersburger Institut für Pflanzenbau (VIR) in der Tradition VAVILOVs........168 The St. Petersburg Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) in the tradition of VAVILOV V. BURENIN Collection and use of genetic resources of Triticum ...............................................179 Sammlung und Nutzung der genetischen Ressourcen von Triticum P. PERRINO Collecting of germplasm with emphasis on Triticeae in Asia...................................203 Sammlung von pflanzengenetischen Ressourcen der Triticeae in Asien V. HOLUBEC Collecting missions and cultivated plants in Georgia...............................................217 Sammelreisen und Kulturpflanzenflora in Georgien R. BERIDZE Missions for the collection of genetic resources in Poland .....................................224 Reisen zur Sammlung genetischer Ressourcen in Polen W. PODYMA Lokalfloristisches zu Kulturpflanzen ........................................................................231 Cultivated plants and local flora H. HERDAM Pflanzengenetische Ressourcen und Kulturpflanzenforschung ..............................245 Cultivated plants research (crop plant research) and plant genetic resources K. HAMMER Teilnehmerliste ........................................................................................................284 List of participants ii Abkürzungsverzeichnis CIKARD Centre for Indigenous Knowledge for Agriculture and Rural Development DNA Desoxyribonukleinsäure EBN Endosperm Balance Number ECP/GR European Cooperative Programme for Crop Genetic Resources Networks GISH Genomische In-situ-Hybridisierung IAPT International Association for Plant Taxonomy IGR Informationszentrum für Genetische Ressourcen IPK Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung OTU Operational Taxonomic Unit PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction QTL Quantitative Trait Loci RAPD Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA RFLP Restriktions-Fragment-Längen-Polymorphismus RNA Ribonukleinsäure UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization VIR St. Petersburg Institute of Plant Industry ZADI Zentralstelle für Agrardokumentation und -information iii U. Wobus Eröffnung des Kolloquiums und Würdigung von Dr. habil. PETER HANELT zu seinem 65. Geburtstag Opening of the Colloquium and laudation to Dr. habil. PETER HANELT on the occasion of his 65 anniversary 1 ULRICH WOBUS Sehr geehrte Kolloquiumsgäste, liebe Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter des Gaterslebener Instituts, verehrter, lieber Herr HANELT! Kulturpflanzen verdanken ihr heutiges Erscheinungsbild dem Wirken des Menschen. Er hat sie aus dem natürlichen Evolutionsverlauf herausgenommen und einer stark beschleunigten und gerichteten Evolution mittels strenger Auslese unterworfen. Er schuf ihnen eine eigene Umwelt und versuchte sie dem Konkurrenzdruck von Wildarten durch Boden- und Feldbearbeitung, später auch durch Chemikalien, zu entziehen. In Anpassung an die Vielfalt der Standorte und aufgrund verschiedenster Selektionsziele entstand eine große Mannigfaltigkeit, die genauso der Ordnung bedurfte und bedarf, wie die Fülle der Wildformen, das heißt, wir brauchen Taxonomie und Evolutionsforschung auch bei Kulturpflanzen, einer Pflanzengruppe, die heute mit etwas anderer und weiterer Grenzziehung gern mit dem wissenschaftlichen, aber unschönen Wort "Pflanzengenetische Ressourcen" belegt wird. Es soll nicht unerwähnt bleiben, daß spätestens seit DARWIN die Evolutions- und Verwandtschaftsforschung an Haustieren und Kulturpflanzen viele Anregungen für das generelle Verständnis von Evolutionsprozessen geliefert hat, nicht zuletzt, weil hier Änderungs- und Anpassungsprozesse in übersehbaren, "menschlichen" Zeiträumen ver- laufen. Das vor uns stehende Kolloquium, zu dem ich Sie alle sehr herzlich in Gatersleben willkommen heiße, soll Zeugnis ablegen vom Stand der Forschung zur Evolution und Taxonomie 1 Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK) Corrensstr. 3 06466 Gatersleben 1 pflanzengenetischer Ressourcen. Anlaß zur Organisation der Tagung gab ein herannahendes Jubiläum, nämlich der 65. Geburtstag eines der führenden Vertreter der Disziplin, unseres Kolle- gen Dr. PETER HANELT, Leiter der Abteilung Taxonomie im heutigen Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung hier in Gatersleben. Der 65. Geburtstag verursacht in aller Regel einen tiefen Einschnitt im Lebensablauf, den Aus- tritt aus dem offiziellen Berufsleben. Das bedeutet jedoch keineswegs die Aufgabe des Berufes selbst für diejenigen, denen der Beruf stets auch Berufung ist. Zu ihnen gehört unser Jubilar. Die vor ihm stehende Aufgabe, die Herausgabe einer neuen, englischen Ausgabe von MANSFELD's Kulturpflanzenverzeichnis, läßt Gedanken an eine langsamere Gangart im Arbeitsrhythmus gar nicht erst aufkommen. Dennoch: die Gewißheit, daß all die organisatorisch-administrative Papierflut künftig nicht auf seinem, sondern auf dem Schreibtisch seines Nachfolgers im Amt des Abteilungsleiters, Herrn Prof. KONRAD BACHMANN landet, mag ein Gefühl von Erleichterung auslösen. Doch vor dem Blick nach vorn wollen wir ein wenig zurückschauen. Heute vor 65 Jahren wurde PETER HANELT als Sohn einer Kaufmannsfamilie in Görlitz geboren, einer Stadt, die 1930 in Niederschlesien lag und 1945 geteilt und zur Oberlausitzer Grenzstadt wurde. Vielleicht war es für ihn wie für mich selbst der Reichtum der Oberlausitzer Natur, der ihn fesselte und den Entschluß zum Biologiestudium reifen ließ. Doch zunächst ging PETER HANELT ein Jahr als Praktikant an das damalige Institut für Kulturpflanzenforschung in Gatersleben, ein folgenschwerer Entschluß, denn der kaum besonders einladende Ort am Rande der Börde ließ ihn fortan nicht mehr los. Daß nach dem Praktikantenjahr das Biologiestudium im nahen Halle aufgenommen wurde, verstand sich fast von selbst. Dort prägten ihn Forscherpersönlichkeiten wie HERRMANN MEUSEL, JOHANNES BUDER, WERNER ROTHMALER und KURT MOTHES, nach dem Studium in Gatersleben HANS STUBBE, Direktor des Gaterslebener Instituts bis 1969, und RUDOLF MANSFELD, Gründer und Leiter der Abteilung Systematik und Sortiment, deren zweimalige Teilung und Wiedervereinigung PETER HANELT, seit 1972 in leitender Stellung, miterlebte und deren Arbeit er mitgestaltete.
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