March of the Threesome
•
FEBRUARY 22, 1975 PRICE: SO PAISE
Other Page, MARCH OF THE THREESOME
2 ESPITE their bitter hostility the countries of this subcontinent are apt D to display on occasion an· astonishing unity of purpose and direction. WNWARD SPIRAL On the eve of Dr Kissinger's visit to this subcontinent last year. the three lEU sovereign countries of what was previously British India sacked 'their finance SHARMA 5 Ministers. Whether these sacrificial .offerings satisfied ,the American god the governments in Islamabad. New Delhi. and Dacca alon~ know. A similar uniformity is again emerging in. the three countries, though their rurers, as is AND INDIA DURING usual with them, are vehemently denying I it. As the biggest and the mo9l: H RAJ pdwerful country of !the region, India' has taken the lead. One-party and .' BANF.RJEE 7 oq.e-Ieader democracy is well established in this country; age has made it almost respectable. Opposition parties are not banned; there is no necessity for it, ·for t'he youthful supporters of Mrs' Gandhi's party and leadership have been authorised to resort to any m.eans to put them in their places. A nod 8 froni the leadership and the job is done-quietly and without any dust-raising over the legality' and the constitutionality of the suppression. If anyone dares to question such rough-,and-ready tactics, he is at onae dubbed a fascist. and 9 dictatorship appears on the scene in the garb of a defender of democracy. Last month, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman staged a constitutional coup to make himself President of Bangladesh. As Prime Minister he was almost N,GE LETTERS: as powerful in his country as is Mrs Gandhi in our own. There was one FRESH EVIDE CE difference, ho:wever. The opposition parties in Bangladesh. whatever their DRA NANDI 10 numerical strength in Parliament. believed in a tit-for-tat policy; they tried
/ to hit back wherever fhey could at ~'he student and youth 'bahinis' of the ruling Awami League. The Indian tactic failed in. Bangladesh-for once, and ES AND GAMESTERS Mujib was forced to cast off the. fig-leaf and authorise himself to act in any KAPUR 12 manner he likes without going through the democratic process. Prime Minister Bhutto of Pakistan was shoe.ked when Prime Minister Mujib transformed 12 himSelf into President of Bangladesh. Mr Bhutto said he would not do in Pakistan what Sheikh Mujibur Rahman had done to democracy in Bangladesh. True he has not made himself President: maybe bceause he was President once and knows that power is of the essence and it does not matter by what AT MODERN INDIA PRESS. SUBODH MULLICK SQUAB, name he who wields it is called. The powers that he enjoys under the con" .13 AND PUBLISHED WEEKLY stitution framed under his stewardship and the extraordinary powet:s conferred NAL PUBLICATIONS (P) LTD. SEN FRoM: 61. MOTl' LAN&. on him' by the Emergency add up to a frightening monstrosity. He has got: CuCU'l'TA-13 the Emergency extended for· an indefinite period by a National Assembly T'II.vlIon: 243202 , tip as boycotted by the entire Opposition and A Hoax sabotage the public sector in Minist! \ armed himself with the power to arrest or the other. There is thllS attack~ Assembly members when the House is Mr Pai's statement than m. The Prime Minister is reported to (altho' In sessIOn. It actually amounts to a kia1l have told the MPs belonging to her 01 the The Sheikh of Bangladesh ;ha,s god abashed surrender to the forca party that the Union Industry Minister, a; Me the power to ban all political parties in talism, whose representative the Mr T. A. Pai's statement on having a his country save one which will natu- is. All the talk about socialism. ~'national sector" should n,pt be cons- rally be 'his own. He has not used the supposed to be manifested in the power power yet. Mr Bhutto has not done it trued as marking a shift in the Congress sector, has been just a hoal policy on this subject. She tried to , and ( either. But he has banned the National the people so far. And now give the impression that. all t'ha( Mr Pili NarayaJ Awami Party and arrested some 300 of has com~ to call it off. Mr Pai has done was to do a little bit of loud party .• its leaders, including Mr Wali Khan, who wilJtingly let the cat out of the thinking and so should not be taken CPI ml was. in effect, the leader of the Opposi- it will just not be possible to nd boy! tion in Pakistan. The reason for t~e seriously. ,It would have been wo~der- ful if others could haie treated the Ray, n swoop is said to be the assassination of Imagl Mr Hayat ~ohammad Khan Sherpao. matter with equal casoalness. In the Congress Home Minister of NWFP and a trusted first place. Mr Pai never said that what And C colleague of ihe Pa'kistan Prime Minister. he was saying was some sort of think- Mr Sherpao has been described as the ing aloud. Secondly, he sounded to be Before it made itself an main instrument of Mr Bhutto's gold-, extremely cogent and very well prepar- patror of the Congress. the logic and-guns policy in NWFP. The Pakistan ed as to how much to say. Thirdly, leaders that democratic forces . Prime Minister is cktermined to put even otherwise, there are indications without the Congress should down once and for all "the politics of that the rulingl party has also now come some sense to some people in 1 violence which has its tentacles abroad". to think more or less on Mr Pai's line. pite its initial scepticism. the Pakistan is not new to this politics; nor, What he said amounted to a virtual !evidently came round to the s for that matter, India and Bangladesh. reversal of the Government's policy on when it supported bank nation The politics of violence in the countries the public sector. He feels that 491 per and Mr. Giri as President. La of this subcontinent is often counter- cent of the share of public sector un- lopments in West Bengal and violence. Mr Bhutto was not moved dertakings should be opened! up for jolted the CPI(M) out of all when several opposition leaders, inClu- holding by big, business in the country .. it might have had about the ding Khan Abdus .9amad' I(fhan Acha- Ihis would put their affairs in order Fools of the CPI however. c()uld ,.- hai, were assassinated or When at- and help the nation to save on the held back and they rushed ill tempts on Mr Wali Khan's life were substantial wastage of resources account- others had feared to 'tread. made. Violence is stalking NWFP ed for the white elephant that goes by What is the present situatioa and Baluchistan since the dissolution of the name of public sector units. the Congress, against the bac " the elected Ministries in the two pro- For some time it has been apparent a snap election whic'h now does vinces in February 1973. [fhe d,3ath that New Delhi has been trying to do aftog,ether certain.? Just how of a valued colleague has no~ madie something about the ailing public sec- has the CPI achieved? What Mr Bhutto undo that wrong. On the tor. The late Mr Mohan Kumaraman- pened since 1969? The s other hand, he has seized upon the galam tried a number of gimmicks like gressiv'e!forces in the CongressLa tragedy to further constrict civil liberty inducting the top hats of private sector on their feet. Messrs Dhar and and decimate the Opposition. For all units into the administration and setting are no longer in the Union their differ,ences and mutual suspicions up leviathans like thd Steel Authority of Kumaramangalam and Mishra~ and rivalries, the governments of Pakis- India Limited (SAIL). Mr Pai in turn gressive, according to the CPI) tan, India and Bangladesh are' united in also tried a few other things like de- Ganesh has been transferred; a common approach to parties of the centralisation of 'administrative powers, Reddy is so ~ eak and ineff Opposition. Their differences are super- workers'· participation in management he cannot take a single decisioo. ficial, while this unity is basic; an&!the and so on. But none of these has own; Yadav has been pushed . hollering is designed to mislead others.' re~ly worked, in spite of all the claims sidelin~, int~ the Steel and Min made by Mr Pai that some of the heavy try; Khadilkar and Malaviya engineering and electrical units have longer the weights they used For Frontier contact turned the comer and are' doing won- Sharma is a joke. As for P. . PABITRA KUMAR DEKA, derfuUy well. The fact is that there Munshi and others-well. spa has been an obvious crisis of confidence valuable these days. Assam Tribune, at the highest level. Also, it is. being On the other hand, who are made increasingly cleat that the Gov- who control the Congress now} Gauhati-~, ernment is in. league with th~ powefui btedly, Mr Jagjivan Ram. who Assam. vested interests who have been trying to la~ted Mishra; Mr Chandras
2 Mrs Gandhi's successor as 'Sub-Regional Groups in . ter; Mr Dharia, who pub- ed Mr Chavan's pro-CPI ougb Chavan is no sincere M. S. P. writes: Assam. there was scant representation of that section. The convention was also CPI) in a spee<:h at Maha- Of latE.' there has b~en a officially patronispd, not merely in that essrs Haksar and Subrama- proliferation of sectional organi- it was inaugur~ and addressed and alsocoming in from the cold. sations in Assam. These are generally participated in by present and past and the new personalities are al- intended to be pressure groups to fur- hopeful Minis/;Prs, but the Government rful enough to express their ther the interests of a region or a part of Assam op€'l'led its stalls in the conven- canvas others' support for tl~reof. A DiI!khin jKamrup; Unnayan tion. . After two days of deliberations, an's mQ'V!emen,iaga:inst !liheir Samlithi :might oon4eivably \be '~xactly . The writing is on the wall. the conveQtion adopted a -constitution what it says: and one need not fee. too and e1ect,:,dan executive committee. The mustseek other, more effective perturbed about these purely ~ub-regio- objectives of the organisation are unex- s than Messrs Chattopadhyay nal groups even when they have expli- ceptiona.hle, even if one has reservations neither of whom; have an all- citly political aims. But it is an altoge- about the alleged 'specifically Muslim' ther different matter with organisations probleon. But the organisatiQn's inno- with explicit sectional characteristics. and . hly unlikely that Mosow will cent description of itself as 'non-politi- of late, each week seems to bring the options in Ifidia just because Gal' ~eems at best disingeuous. One ne~s of yet another organisation, seeking party is said .~ be not as can 'Jnly see ·in this yet another instance to promote the interests of this or that ed towards it as before. The of a sectional organisation-inspired and 'group. In itself, an organisation pro- of comfort that the CPI has ?~tted by the ruling party-part of the claiming to promote the interests of this to nibble at during the last new strategy of the Congress to keep o.r that people, this. or that region, is must have given that party a he faithful in line. With the Muslim neither good nor bad. One can even them. masses astir all over the country, the argue that, in the kind of 'democracy' assertion of a politically independent role foreign policy of late should we have, such organisations perform at by the Muslims has t~ reach Assam too, cheer to the overweight com- least a useful function as pressure groups. sooner or later. EarHer the Muslims Moscow. The extraordinary But when all objective evidence points always seemed to vote en bloc for the givento the Chinese table tennis to! the } facl\hat ~uch organisatiiohS: Congress party, or on rare occasions. (as the statements of its players and are in facti inspired and even patronised in 1967), vote en bloc &gainst it; either . ter, the large press headlines by the ruling class itself. then one needs way, they were a known category. But with the studied, contempt~ous to be sceptical abo~t their claims that du\e to the s'harpening, cantlradictions of the Russian team by the they are only interested in the welfare within the Muslim society itself, this ten- and eyen the official media. of their 'constituents'. One does not dency has been weakening. In Assam, e acted as the stabbings of know how it is in other parts of the coun- one of the surest 'bloc votes' the Con- daggerin their hea~. provided try. but in Assam ali any rate, the sec- gress <;buld always depend upon was e any. There is talk of mea•. tional and regional organisations that have the so-called immigrant Muslim vote. But instlocal USSR Consulate otli- been mushrooming all over. the place all of late. the hold of the Muslim village theirfailure. seem to have derived their inspiration leaders has shown signs of slackening. and patronage from the ruling party it- CPlwill Gght the snap election, Also, with the emergence of a 'friendly' self. A notable case has been the fede- • along with the Congress. Bangladesh. the immigrant/infiltrator of ration' of Other Backward Classes, wpich Congress i(6elf is banking on yesterday, whose status so often depend- was the brainchild of the present Presi- encan food impQrts well be- ed on the mercy and'. goodwill of the dent of the Congress party, and through , so as to bring about a gene- village elder (who could, if he wanted. which, the ruling party has been able 'on in prices. This will no denounce anyone he did not like as a to hold on t~ power in Assam. hailed as a major official suc- Pakista'ni infiltrator), has no Ineed to the Congr'ess. The CPI will Th~ost reeent of Ulese seqional be defensive about his status in Assam the refrain. Do the CPI lead- groupings in Assam is the All Assam any more, and a greater variety of poli- that before June, d1e USA Muslim' Parisliad, formed recently at tical choice is now open for him. The ised the sale of at least Rs. Gauhati, after a two-day convention. The Congress sees a great threat to itself j~ croresworth of foodgrains? It delegates' to the convention were over- the greater choice available to a once A and not the USSR. that is wh'eTmingly urban and petit bourgeois dependable ally. and is compelled to . g official efforts tQ get more in character, and a majority of them restrict the choice. It is imperative for thisis What the CPI has com- were either government serVants or busi- the Congress to make the Muslim feel If to support. There are no nessmen and contractArs. Even though that he is still a member of a besieged 'e bankruptcy of a political . the immigrant peasaqtry forms the lar- community, whose welfare could be best gest single 'chunk of the Muslims of 'protected' only by the Congress. So
( the need to organise the Muslims, and the effect of the Government's total control and were excised from Other Backward' Classes, ',~eparately over the radio and TV media, and in without his consent or know! But while the minorities could have been" what ways and through which channels In fact, over-playing certain once upon a time, browbeaten into be. is this control exercised ~ AIR has three lieving that they would be lost but for fundamental areas of operation - pro- under-playing certain others, t the Congress, these tricks will not work grammes, engineering and administration. noring certain happenings and any more, Later this month, the parlia~ Of these, the first, being the raison d'etre ments-tIJ1'ese are the traits of mentary by-election for the Barpeta seat of any broadcasting system, offers the emphasis on empty verviage of (held by Mr Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed) biggest example of the impact of the is due, and it is not at all qertain that ruling party's ideas. and intentions on ters and members of the ruliq ~e once faithful wiJI once again trot the way the broadcasts are planned/ and has made -it an expensiv~ la out in droves and vote Congress. IIlja "Mus- presented though the Government's in- stock. lim majority' constituency, Biswa Gos- terference in the other two areas is not al- wami, the Socialist leader, is fighting as together unknown. It is not that, in a candidate of the non-CPI opposition, eve.ry case, a writtei( directive is sent to and a victory for him would surely be the Director-General or his subordinates; a defeat for the communal policies, of obviously .such a practice could. prove . the Congress. embarrassing, even damaging" in certain situations. Very often, a discreet hint is thrown; or the AIR functionaries f themselves take their cue from the Minis- All India Radio try's known attitude to a particular sub- ject or development. TIVe railway History of tne Party of Labor of strike of ·last year provided a good ex- nia (21.25); The Party of La If a tally is made---ov~r a period, of, ample of this subtle suggestiveness. The Albania in Battle with Moden say, a mondt-of the number of times entire news set-up in Broadcasting House AIR's newscasts lead off with the all and in the regions geared itself to the sionism (21.25); some Qt4estioaa too familiar phrase, "The Prime Minis- task of "breaking" the strike, by making Socialist Construction in Albauia ter has said ... ", it will be a' substan- it appear to listeners througRout the of the Struggle 'against tial figure. And if to this were added country that the strike had begun to ism (8.50); Report on the 5th the occasions when the sam~ words peter out almost as soon as it ha~'star- occur in relation to other Ministers and t'ed. Since the countless far-flung and Year Plan (1971-75)-M. to the President and ~mbers of t~ isolated batches of railwaymen had no (10.62); E. Hoxha-Speeches (11. ruling pary, >h1e'total wDuld be quite immediate means of knowing the real Hoxha.-Report to the 6th Con staggering. state of affairs in different parts of the PLA (8:50); The Govt. of the ~ The national brdadcasting organisa- country, the effect of the broadcasts on tion in India has been rduced to a their thinking and actions could be easi- Republic of Albania will be ~ere record player churning oot pro- ly understood. Broadcasting organisa- all its activity by tHe Marxist paganda designed to promot'e the in- tions of oth~r countries, like the BBC, do general Line of the Party (1.70). terests of the party in power. And not normally lend their services I to slavi- 'are since a news bulletin carried over tile. shly in the further~noe of such tactics. national hook-up commands an au- Another exercise in· the art of make- NEW BOOKl CENTRE dience numbering, not a few thousands believe was the arrangi~g of a few dis- 14, Ramnath Majumdar but many millions, the sweep and depth cussions, featuring a. few oppositio~ lea- of this ceaseless activity is easy to der~ among the panelists. But none ot CALCUITA-9 Imagme. these hardly served to' bring the real AIR, as now it is known to all, IS \ issue's into a dear focus. In fact, one totally under the cOlltl)ol of the Govern- of these broadcasts dearly showed t~at ment and the partY, in power. The pre- some of the words spoken by Shafi For Frontier contact sent Prime Minister, when she first join- Qureshi, then Deputy Railway Minister. ed the Government as Information and were taken out from the recording- People's Book House Broadcasting Minister, set up a com- obviously be~ause they were unpalatable mittee to examine . the structure and to' the administration. The treatment functioning of AIR, but the committee's meted out to Dr' K., N. Raj, the eminent Cowasii Patel Street, most important recommendation that economist, is another· case in point. His broadcasting should be entrusted to an remarks, in the course of a discussion Meher House, autonomous. corporation was summarily on .the Government's handling of anti-' ~ejected. What has beenihe actual Jocial elements, offended the authorities Fort, Bomba,
4 rom namese people and were confident of Downward Spiral for Thien their popular support. Ig certa Thieu and the Americans knew they others, HARI SHARMA were isolated and feared the democra- tic. political arena. So they have sabo- ~ings and in Cambodia. PRG spokesmen have taged the Agreements. That is why the traits of Kissinger gave Thieu a million dollar personal said that t~e "present actions Were 200,000 prisoners held in various Thieu the Paris Agreements two . only directed to remind ~he Americans jails and tiger cages were never releas- This has been reveal- that they had to end their interference ed. In fact. more people were rounded oIics in Saigon who in our affairs" and that it was impos- up "Let those who continue to advocate ing for the overthrow of sible for the U.S. to win militarily. a coalition government of three parts . e as the only way to Why all this fighting-two years after stand up and be counted. I am certain 1973 Agreements. the signing of the Paris Agreement for that the people and the army will not has ~een a constant of which Kissinger was given the Nobel let them live. for more than·S minutes", 4e in Vietna,im.Another "Peace" prize? Thieu threatened. (Thl' coalition g~vern. the \ ietnamese ,peoples' de- The answer is simple. , Neither Thieu, ment is part of the Paris Agreement). glon's schemes to firmly nor his American backers are willing to With the fldl support of Washington, puppet regIme m their, carry out the agrt1ements they signed. Thieu continued military attacks on ter- The ink had hardly dried when Nixon ritory given to the PRG at Paris. A U.S. capture of the pltdvincial announced the U.S. would . recoinis~ Senate report released in January 1974 PIluocSinh, 7S miles nor.th only the Thieu regime as the "sole legi- commented: " .. one year after the sig- by the Provisional Rholu- timate government of South Vietnam", ning of hte Paris a'greement, ther,e is mmentof Vietnam (PRG) , The Agreement recogn~s~d tWOl equal' little indication that our government ob- vince of Phuoc Long. on parties, one being the PRG. pectlves haye -,substantially changed .. alhough American troops and military o border, rich in I rubber Thieu s~id he would not recognise advisers. were withdrawn, a vast army IDd with a population of the Agreement even as a piece of paper. In is now PRG territory. He banned publication, distribution and of civilian contractors and advisers filled their slot5. as one journalist phrased it, ainst is t~e first provincial discussions· of the Accord. This needs' liberated since Quang Tri to be 'contrasted with the attitude of the U.S. did not so much with- like the several smaller 'the PRG and Hanoi. 'After (spending draw the troops as it withdrew tlieir captured by the PRG in a week in the PRG zone in 1974, uniforms.. the fact remains that many , where the Saigon forces New York Times correspondent, Jame~ thousands of Americans are still in South withoutputting up a serious Markham, wrote that: "One of the most Vietnam doing essentially what they were Sinh was a scene of in- striking things to aI visitor is the exal- doing befare". T~e. US retreated to The decisive military de- ta60n of ·the (Paris) accords, -which former President Kennedy's strategy of ified political dpposition occupy a place in' pnblic' proclamations "special warfare" that already had been Saigon itself. Leaders of 'and /propagan;da ~hat sometimes ~feem defeated by the Vietnamese people. Anti.corruption movement to rival the stature of the revered last Despite the severe cuts in military calling for ~'hieu'9 ouster. testament of Ho Chi Minh. Hand- and financial aid imposed by the US ose to his defeat was to 'written copi~s hang from the walls of . Congress on thel'il.mount of aid to be given days of "mourning" in :vi~m~ge/offic,es". - i\;nother U.s. leorres- to Thieu, Kissinger has tried 'to get mdar . g down ni~t clubs. pond.ent foond the Agreement was around Congress' by backdoor bud- coffeehouses. ." used as a tex~ to teach illiterate adults get 'm 'f~-"" ~~-8o It is not a vicious, circle. For Thieu and the U.S. it is a downward spiral. 6 hold their ground at Lingtu with cha- Sikkim and India During racteristic Mongolian obstinacy but their refusal to receive letters or to enlter in- to negotiations with us soon began to British Raj produce an alarming effect in Sikkim. ' When called upon to !visit (Darj'eeling SOUMEN BANERJEE if!. June 1887 for the purpose of con- ferring wi~h the Lieutenant-Govemor Caroe, the last British mitted a repor,t of g~eat interest, full concerning the affairs of his Stare. (with ' of fue Political Department of information regarding that country. a view to inducing him to modify his bas stated that Sikkim was The most important subjeCt which, came relation with Tibet and to return to his 'a under the British Raj, immediately before Gov.emment ~ was pl\.evious friendtY policy _~ar~ Ithis to the 1890 agreement be- the question of the best route for the Government), the Raja of Sikkim. after representativesof China and development of commercial transactions exhausting the standard Oriental erocuses, British'Go~ernme~t in India. with Tibet from our territorih. An replied in so many wor~s that he and , g int~ the legal and moral op'inion had 'been :;expressed that ~' his people in 1886 signed a treaty de- suchagreements and treaties . line to be encouraged w~ld Ibe Ithe d~ring that Sikkim was. '~ubje~ ~only through a British eye, the route through Sikkim from Darjellling, to China and Tibet. He was, therefore, beforethe conclusion jof tHe in conneotion with the Northern Bengal unable to come ~o Darjeeling 'w~ho~ ent and what prompted Railway (then being undertaken). Whil,. the express permission of the Tibetan ors of Sir Olaf Caroe to all attempts for the exploration of th" Government". (ibid. p. 844-845), h an agreement on its fro~- routes into Tibet \from the ~utan~; These circumstanCes let the in India "Chinaand Sikkim so ,that "a Duars and the Assam Valley had ~~en British rulers to ithe conc~sipq oards SS'5 situatedbetween Bhuta\l and hitherto failed ~nd a passage· through which has been stated in the same me "part of India under the Nepalese districts to the West would book as follows: "Things clearlY' had Raj". have to be secured through foreign and gone so far that unless we bestirred semi-civilised territory, Sir J. Edgar'i ourselves in a speedy and effective comingto the particular ques- personal ~exp~rience confinped ~e as-- fashion, Sikkim would either become kim.let us see what was the surance that a safe and practicable once for all a province of Tib~ or if ItS icy of the imperial rulers to- line of communication could be effected we were not prepared to acquiesce in mallStates on the frontlers. in almost a direct course to the Tibetan that solution of the difficulty, would 'ng lines from the authentic frontier passing through a country in have to be regularly conquered by us" al ander the Lieutenant-Gov- friendly relations and willing to afford (emphasis mine) (ibid 845). help us to understand this assistance. Sir R. Temple recommend- It is now clear that to) sa~eguard -rhe punitive measures which ed that effect should be given to the adopted from time to time their imperial interests of \trade and provisions of the Treaty of 1841 with commerc,e, the' British Government, on hilltribes beyond the fron~e' the Sikkim' Raj which referred to the iled to tie sufficiently ~eter the plea of resisting Chinese influence construction of a road through it;; ter- in Sikkim, had conquered Sikkim. as a pohcyofcontrolling them from . ritory". (ibid 650). determinedupon", (p. 906) weak ·Chi,na, a ~weak Nepal and I a :t How did a State which was referred ,R mine}. Further references in weaker Sikkim were nOt in a position to by a high ranking official of the to face the mighty \imp~rialisti jpower. ·Day War, I willlead one to conclude that then British Government in 1873-74 as 3r Arara!- I Subsequent studies of the history of Ie of Sikkim also, when the 'a eountry in friendly relations', become ure 01 Isra I controllingit from without the British conquest of India will lead nd Challand a part of India under the British Raj? us to the conclusion that the British ad- Strategy 1 policy of controlling from Mr H. H. Risley's introduction to the Ir; Towards a adopted by the imperial ministrativ'~ control was e,q,rended up e; Jews end official Gazetteer of Sikkim 1894, 'quot- ed in the same book runs as follows: to Burma and Ceylon in the same pro- all Slale Sikkim, the same "The Chinese Government, moved part- cess. The agree~ent of 1890 was im- is situated between Nepal ly by our diplomatic remonstrances and posed upon a weak China and ~ weaker n. "There has been no oc- partly by fear lest we should treat Sikkim by the powerful British. the Lingtu demonstration as a pretext mentionSikkim affairs since These facts expose how Sikkim was of Sir R. Temple and J. Edgar for entering 'Ubet in force, would com- ty". Please note the words pel the Lasha authorities to adjust their made a part of India under the British·' '. Also the following lines relations with Sikkim on a basis involv- Raj. If this principle is accepted, there lame book will be helpful in ing ,the recognition of. our predomin- is no doubt that Burma and Ceylon the position of Sikkim: .ance in' that state. also were parts of India under the tour in Sikkim in the cold "Our expectations were signally dis- 1873-74 Sir J. ~dgar sub- appointed. Not only did the, Tibetans British Raj. 7 About Sir Olaf, with Whom We started; Madhya Prade,h .eulatian oE the prese this is w,hat Mr Karunaka~ Gupta writes Sabha. Thaugh all the non tile returns. in his The Hidden History of The Sino- oppositian parties. particularly resentment 2 Indian Frontier, ~Minerva Associates 5angh and the Sacialist Party whO' had to' {Publications} Pvt. Lim(ted, Calcutta, After Jahalpur belangs to' the latter-campai ris in tiUin 1974, Price Rs. 30]: rausly far Yadav, they obv' to' pay larg "A study of the career af Sir Olaf N. K. SINGH nat expect this startling victory. as Rs. Caroe wauld shaw that this farmidable The Cangress debacle may hi ces. schalar, whO' had served as thei Fareign T HE stunning defea.t af the Cangress- aus repercussians an the party' r Sethi rna Secretary af India under the British Raj . CPI alliance at the hands af a nisatianal set-up in the State. E ptian and during 1939-1945, was a vehement 'peaple's candidate' in the Jabalpur Lak farmatian af an ad hac PCC is 'a\s only a critic af Nehru's pal icy af nan-align- Sabha by-electian has shattered the can- be very much an the cards. The secret thi ment tinged wi~h .anti-calanialism, and fidence af the ruling party in' Madhya cnief, Mr N. K. Sharma. has al machineTJ tried to' balster up Pakistan as against Pradesh, caming as it did, in the wake fered to' quit the post along ~ ays been al .India by pleading in favaur af mili~ary . af its' debacle in the Gavindpura Assem- af ihe cantraversial affice-bearers. ks and pI aid to' Pakistan with high level' State bly canstituency same time agO'. Hawever, the high command er. Department officials in ll1he U.S.A. in Jabalpur was .:ansidered a traditianal disturb the Chief Minis~r. Mr In fact, the 1951. While s.erving in New Delhi, he stranghald af the parly. The late Seth Sethi, at this stage-at least tillthe blaming t' arranged in 1938 the publicatian af a Gavind Das represented the canstituency get sessian af the State Jabalpur spuriaus verslan af Aitchison's Treaties far the last' ·half-a-century. In the aver in April-despite his offerto wants to I relatirig to' Tibet, suppressing the arigi- 1971 mid-term poll 'he retained the seat and an all-out demand for his e: to' cle nal editian. His purpase was to' falsely by a margin af about 90,000 vates. The While all the appasition parties, the defea assert that the abartive tripartite Simla by-election was caused by his death. the CPI, have urged 'his resigna . ultural • Canference af 1913-1914 was a partial The Congress ticket was given tOja gra- "mara I graunds"-the blaw at J success and it fixed the Nartheastern ndsan af the late Seth, Ravirnahan, ab- was the fifth in a raw af crushiD, fran tier af India alang the Himalayan viausly to' cash in an the 'family appeal'. taral defeats' in abaut a year-tbe crest lin-e, i.e. the MacMahan line by The 'peaple's candidate', Sharad Ya- gress dissidents say that the a bilateral Anglo-Tibetan declaratian dav, was jaintly upparted by t'he Jan "factional" leadership af the party while t'he Sin a-Tibetan baundary line Sangh~ Sacialist Party, BLD, Cangress failed to' li¥e up to' its rale. cauld nat be settled due to' Chinese in-. ' (O), CPM and Sarvodaya warkers - That Mr Sethi has owned it as a transigence .... it was an irany af his- unlike Govindpu~a where the BLD had sanal defeat" and at the samd . tary· that when the India-China barder put up a separate candidate. The 26- fered to' quit affice if the high c dispute became an open issue since year-old Yadav, a student leader till re- held him "responsible for the e September 1959, the Gavemment af cently a dark ,harse in State palitics. defeats" is being interpreted here Inida saught the help af Sir Olaf Carae polled 1,73,029, as against 85,667 secu- mere gimmick. If it is deallya to' argue itS case far the MacMahan red by Ravimahan. His landslide vic- sanal defeat" haw came that he Line .... Sir Olaf Carae paid a visit to' tary by 87,362 vates was, to' barraw the .•respansible" far it India i. the fall af 1963, on the invi- Chief Minister's phrase, 'unexpected'. tatian af the Gavernment af India far "fhe Cangress naminee trailed behind Passing The Buck the astensible purpase af· advising them his rival in all the eight Assembly can- The. fact 1S that Mr Sethi is an tlle prablem of Tibetan refugees ~tituencies camprising the Jabalpur J:.ak to' blame it an athers. Far example. settled in India. Repartedly, it was an ~abha canstituency - all af which had, discavered now, all of a sudden, his advice that the Gavernment af India signJificantly returned Cangressmen, in- c.arrupt practices indulged in by t absarbed' a large numb'er af Tibetan cluding twa members af the pre+:nt waris and their high-handedlltSs exiles in manning the f~antier posts \1inistry, in the last Assembly electians ated a large secion af the rural alang the whale stretch af the Himala- -Thaugh the generally anti-Cangress trend fram the ruling pa.rty. Accor' yan frantiers after giving' them neces- in Jabalpl1r was knawn few thaught that him, the affi,cials had "deliberat sary mililary training. This has been ·the ruling party wauld suffer such an terpr.eted the variaus pragressive an act of grass diplamatic blunder an ignaminiaus defeat, and that too at the res af the Gavernment--such as the the part af India, which has been ,recip- hands af a camparatively yaung candi- ceiling Act and the newly-enfo rocated by China giving suppart to the date. develapment Act-in such a Wl'f irredentist minarity leaders af Kashmir, In fitct, Yadav wasi virtually pitchfar- the farmers 'had eit~er voted aga' Nagaland, Mizaram etc..... " ked 'into the electaral battle primarily Cangress ar refrained from votin•• becausa- nO' appasitian party wanted to' lashilders had far instance. ask Get your Frontier from 'waste' its ljeSQurces an the by-electian. th'e cultivatars to' fill in the land BEDI NEWS AGENCY, They were guided by twa cansideratians - ~which remains unimplemented Muktsar, -the massive funds at the dispasal af practicaf purpases-fQTDlS {thou. Ferozepur, Punjab, the ruling party and the. maunting spe- thase cultivators whO' have land prescnbed limit were requlr- together with his family members. rop On top of all this, there was the a returns. This led to considera- administrative oflicials of' the district and Congress wave. tmentamong the illiterate peo- contingents of subordinates danced atten- By now the Congress has lost five 0 bad to seek .-the assisa'nce of dance on him all the time. Several other the eight by-elections since Mr Sethi .algn infillingthe 15-page form. Thl'Y Misisters and VIPs camping in the con- came to power. Its stren~ has been lbvio y large sums, in some cases as stituency were no less ostentatious. reduced in the various local bodies elec- tory. Rs. 200 to Rs. 400. for the The Chief Minister used a helicopter, tions too. Out of the 90 corporation IY hay with its prohibitive operational cost. to whose results have been declared so far. party' hi may have "discovered" th{ address meetings at places within a few it has lost 57 to various opposition e. E and high-handedness of his miles of each oher 'in a relatively small parties. Two more by--elections to the :c IS only at Jabalpur, but it is, an constituency; (the scores of hdipads con- Vidhan Sabha are due so 'on.) The high s. Th t that the entire implementa- structed for this purpose are said to have' command is naturally worried. IS alrea inery of the government has cost Rs. 25 lakhs). Sethi's helicopter Tailpiece Ig with. n at the beck and' call of the tripe-which attracted hostile slogans According to a newspaper report Sethi -beare d poor farmers are made to and at places stone-throwing and conse- said that the Jaba!J>ul' election result land quential lathi-charge--must hav\e cost should not be taken as a localised phe- r, Mr • there is an apprehension that the party quite a few thousands of votes. nomenon. "It is a pointer", he said. ;t till t . g the official machinery for Asse pur debacle, the Chief Minis- offer to kill two birds with the same or his cleal himself of responsibility he Full Circle )arties, defeat; and scrapping of various VIJAY jAYAVEERA reSlgna I taxes to oblige the kulak w at J '. this country. crushi IT' was the coming of the full circle is already talk in rite air about . and though 'thirties are a far The tragi-<:omedy ~f neo-r'tIvisionism rear-the the! . g some "irksome" farm taxes is that it can neither go the whole hog at the cry from the 'seventies' there were no alienatedthe rur,al voters". At by tying iself to the chariot wheels of the pa problems of recognition; no problemsl of meetnigof the party's coordina- capital like revisionism, nor can it stand e. I:apport. Meanwhile much has changed. itlee, it was suggested that The man has· undergone many tra:ns~ up and. fight against the attacks of the :d it as like agricultur.al I imlmJovable samd . mutations and th~ party 'has descended ruling class like a revolutionary party, tax (wihch is yet to be enforced Caught between the desire to run and high co from virulence to decadence. There~ to various loopholes left delibe- the desire to' surrender. it chooses to en- r the e fore the coming together, too, was easy. the Act) and rural development gage itself in shadow-boxing. In the ~ted her It was like father recognising son, or was be scrapped. and land reve- pf:ocess, 'mass-movements', 'btpad Itmi- ~eally a brother recognising brother? ed. It is to be noted that while ted fronts', and much other terms are that he Thus it came to pass that Mr Jaya- taxesaffect only the richer sec- prakash Narayan, ex-Marxist, .ex-revo- bandied about; in the process, seats are mcreasein land revenue would lutionary, in Lenin's lexicon a repegade, weighed, combines art: made; in 'the lIDallfarmers.Whose game is Mr was welcomed bya guard of honour of protless politics degenerates into politi- ying? Mr Sethi might have the CPM HQ in the city of Bombay. I cking, and the country slowly but surely Sethi i bard for his candidate. But it 10 explain the meaning and content of inches its way into ci conflict between exampl. factthat it was his extravagance ludden, his 'total revolution' to their members and im'perialism and social-imperialism. But ated t'he voters more than any- for a party which refuses to recognise I in by t activists. Knowing well the difficulty in . For instance, at an election trying- to sell J.P. to the rank and file, the danger of social-imperialism and ndedn.ess be adr'essed in a semi-urban he rural .the party leadership had hit upon the under;tands the present conflict as. a entourageconsisted of 71 Gov- Accord' strategm of making J.P. sell himself. -The fight for 'electoral reforms' and 'clean vehicles. administration' such issues do not rise. leliberatel medium is the message, and he came r Ministeron election tour oc- drl'ssed in khadi, weanng a k~~ns They think; and act in terms of electoral entires\lit in the Circuit, House smile, the perfect picture of a middle- battles and electoral refonns, not realising class Indian playing at revolution. that today the contradictions within the Admission to the meeting was restric- ruling class have become acut~ vis-a-vis ted to party members and actiivlsts.. its alignment with the two imperisms. III Passes were issued through the mass such a situation a revolutionary party T BOOK DEPOT, organisations and local branches of the j:annot keep away from the masses; and party which, having chosen parliamentary the masses have undoubtedly rallied be- . .cretinism as its abiding quality has, no al- bind Mr NaraY,an. ternative but to jo~ the general scramble But there is a funadmental 'difference for' power that passes off as politics in between revolutionary-"'participation and two SI eVlsloliist participation. A revolutionary vl510nism fears the ranks. is a new development in the nce sign party seeks to attain the commanding 'In this age of people~' war revision- tion of revisionism, and as such It pur Jail heights in any mass mov,ement. It con- ism seeks 'to distort ~lity. Having series of 'firsts' about which the letters I stantly crit'icises-unites--criticises asd got rid of its revolutionary ideology it press is crowning. Indian co A spelli' thereby raises the revolutionary consci- tries to pass off as a 'gentleman'. Thus which began in the bosom of bo easily II ousness of the masses. The keynote in the right CP begins its party congress nationalism, matured in I a love-h name. such participation is t~e hegemony of with the anthem of the Indian ruling class, lationship; ilnd today we are only t impol the party of the PlQlet~riat. On the and the CPM' invites a rank out5ider. sing \thr- return of the prodigal mng ]el other hand, the revisionist parties never to address its members and activists. This is tbe coming of the full circle. name attempt to impose their hegemony. They 't' chal talk aQout commol). programmes; but nunciati what is common to them and the reac- But frOIl tionaries is the electoral system. There- he Letters: Day then 1\ fore all mass movements de~enerate into \. of Fin attempts at propping up the shaky par- the Lo} liamentary system by reforming it. Thus Material me kno' I with one stroke, mass discontent is di~ ange of D~.ylJENDRA ANDl verted into safe channels; it turns to as the I apathy. And this is precisely what the o unde revisionist parties' aim at. They project A RE the "Dange Letters"-the dis- tory Shripat Amrit Dange said: rth of the whole issue as a choice between Mrs covery and publication ot which "I might also refer to' another tions ( Gandhi and Mr Narayan. The choice created a great commotion in communist dent. Exactly one year back, the ily 'PI between the two is not a choice between· circles in particular in 1964-forged puty Commissioner of Police, of eanmg T weedledum and T weedlede,e; it is a or genuine? The controversy is not yoet Mr Stewart was having a conve inly di: choice between the devil and the deep over. Fresh material now available may with me, in his office, regarding IIIJ That sea. . throw some light which may help to re- lations with M. N. Roy and an an' med t Having made their choice the CPM solve the controversy. But before the ted 'visit to me of certain persons fTOII ters WI leadership invited him over to 'convince issue is onle again discussed in the! light road. During the course of the 'dent their rank. and file about th~ 'revolution- of some documents relating to th~ Court .sation the i-Ionourabl, officer let venth ary' necessity of the choice. The party proceedings of the Kanpur Bolshevik a hint, in the following words, the mbay was repres.ented by the red! flags, S. T. Conspiracy Case and the Meerut Con- import of which I failed to catch at arding Kolhatkar, the State' secretary, a sprin- spiracy Case now available for consul- moment, Mr. Stewart, said. 'you is re kling of cadres, curious crowds who were tation in the National Archives, let hs an exceptionally influential posi' ew At induced in to fill' up the thin audience, recall what these "Dange Letters" are. certain circle here and abroad. matte and the volunteers who formed the guard A bunch of four letters, purported to ment would be glad if this position of honour. After the State Secretary's have been written by Shri S: A. Dange be of some use to them", I welcome speech, Mr Narayan spoke for in 1924, first an accused and later con- I ~till hold that position. Rather it about 20 minutes. Predictably he, ra- victed . in the Kanpur Conspiracy Case been enhanced by the prosecution. ked up old mebories. The days of the CSP, and in jail, was found· in Government Your Excellency is pleased to think the time when Kolhatkar took the name of Inaia Home Department's files (the I should use that position for the Kulkarni, and the party was underground. first three in file No 421-Poll. of 1924 of Your Excellency's CavernmClllt The rapport achieved, JP went on to con- , and the fourth in file No. 278-Poll. of the country, I should be glad to do vince the rank and file that he was as 1925) as available iIi the National Ar- if I am given the opportunity by revolutionary as they. On the role of chives. The first one in this'. bunch is Excellency granting my prayer for the working class in his 'total revolution', dated 24th May 1924 and signed by lease". he said that they should fight the cor- 'Shripad Amrit Dange', the second one Tn 1964, Shri ,Dange at the ruption in their factories; contribu~ dated 7th July 1924 is jointly signed meeting of the National Council of towards the struggle in Bihar; take out by 'Shripad Amrit Dange' and tNalini Communist Party of India (CPI) morchas .... and after that, what? And Bhusan Das Gupta', the third one dated ted that those letters were "forged what about t'he Jan ~angh? Ohl yes, 28th July is signed by 'Shripat Amrit he "never wrote such letters" and Jan Sangh. Well, to put it simply, it Dange' and the fourth orie dated 16th ting out "crucial discrepancies" in has changed. After all parties do change, November 1924 is signed by 'Shripat letters said (vide Shri Dange's don't they? And then Mr Narayan poin- Amrit Dange'. The first two are addres- to the National Council as publis ted out how the CPM itself has changed sed to the District Magistrate, Cawnpore, the CPI Weekly New Age dated 24th its attitude to him. With that parting while the other two to HiS Excellency 1964): ' shot the show was cjeclared over. Ques- the Governor-General-in-Council. In the "The first tions were overruled in advance. Re- letter of the 28th July 1924, the signa- supposed' to 10 My name Shripad of Dange shdws that th.ere are suffi· I may select and may have signedwith 'D' in letters from cient grounds to doubt the genuineness mg on my case. Jailand it is signed with 'T' in o\f t'he :objectionab&, ~etters 'of Oange I am. written from Sitapur Jail", and Nalini. Wie have also to take into 19th March 1924 Sir, lling mistake in your name is consideration the fact that 'comrade Your Obdt. Servant, made, if you are signing your Oange categorically denies having 'writ- l S. A Dange 'j e. It is specially difficult, al- ten' these letters. Taking these things "Learned Counsel for the Prosecu- possible, if the ,change in the together. we can say that only on the tion undertakes to provide copies of leads\t~ a co:n;>lete change in basis of appearance, content, style, etc. any documents filed which the ac~ e itself. The chang~ from 'd' of the letters, their genuineness cannot cused may wish. If the accused changesmy name completely, in be establishled; on the other hand, it is. fails to r,eceivc:;any such copies he "~on and in meaning". lO be questioned." may apply again to me. fromthe reply to a question which "They state furthermore. that: 'On W. Christif' Minister of State in the Minis- the basis of these .factors apd even S. A. Dange 19/3124" FinanceShri B. R. Bhagat gave more, on the basis of known facts of The signatory S. A. Oange writes his lok Sabha on June 4, 1964 it be- Dange's long, sometimes provocative name as 'Shripat Amri~ Dange' here. knownknown' tha,t Shripad Amrit and always promineht public c,are~r, and Jt. Magistrate Christie's order was of 9 Kahinoor Road of Bombay on the basis of the evidence before us, obviously shown to Shri S. A Oange in same person as Shri S. Amrit we come to the conclusion that the jail as is evident from Shri Oange's der that name held Rs 30,000 letters are not likely to be genuine. We signature below the order. In jail. ac- of shares in Mis Raisina Publi- thlerefore accept' Dange's denial that cused and convicts are normally shown (P) Ltd (owners of the Delhi he has not written them· .•• such order papers and t'heir sigliatures 'Patriot'). In pronunciation and Regarding the minority report the are obtained on those papers to signify 'Shripad Amrit Oange' is, cer- resolution says: "The minority report, tha those papers have been shown to different from'S. AMRAT'. however. says that: 'After thus carefully them . t apart, the CPI leadership also .considering all the relevant materials It can be seen from the photostat to be divided on whet'her the let- anld subject to the limitations from reprints that Shri Oange's signatures are were genuine 01' forged. ThiS' IS which the present enquiry has suffered, not the' same in these two cases, where from the resolution which thf we have come to the conclusion that ,he signed. The two signatures differ. Congress of the CPI, held ir. it does not stand proved that any of the But similar differences and !variations y in December 1964, ad.opted re- four 'Dange Letters' is forged." are also noticeable in S'hri Oange's sig- g the 'alleged 'Oange /Letters·." natures that are found at the bottom resolution was published in the Fresh Evidence of the pages of his statement recorded Age, dated 3 January 1965. As With this in background let us exa- by Jt. Magistrate Chri;tie and counter-, er of fact the congress endorsed mine t'he fresh material now available. signed, by Shri S. A. Oange. !Are to lution earlier passed by the Na- In the Court Records of .the Kanpur lack of space it is not possible to re- Council in this regard. In this Bolshevik Conspiracy Case we find re- print the photostat of that statement 'on tnat discussed the findings of corded sta~ements made separately by as recorded by .the Court. Further, en-member committee which the the four accused which carry their res- the long statement' (over five hundred I Council appointed in, April that pective signatures on each or alternate foolscap' pages) that Shri Dange made to"make a more extensive exami- page .of tHeir respective statements. in the Meerut 'Conspiracy Case and re- of all relevant and available mat~- That apart, some applications made by corded by the Court is also now avail- and documents. including the cir- the accused to the Court are also there. able where one can see S'hri Dange's neesas to how these letters were One such a'pplication with the Court's signatures at the bottom of alternate andthen distributed to the outside order on t~e reverse thereof itself is pages with 'D' in "Dange' freq ently and by whom". According to quoted 'here. The application and the differing. Are all these Court docu- resolution"the Committee's report Court order ran as follows: ments also 'forged' If not. then the unanimous". There was, a ma~~' "In the Court of the Jt. Magistrate. conclusion is inescapable that some- eportsigned by "Comrades S. V. Cawnpore. times Shri Oange used to write andlor G. Adhikari, C. ,Rajeshwar Rao, Sir, sign his name as 'Shripat Amrit Oange' a Menon and Hil'en /Mukherp" I. Shripat Amrit Oange, under- also, as he himself wrote, "I. Shripat I minority report signed by "Com- tria\' (Sec. '121A) before you, re- \ Amrit Dange" in his ~etter of March BhupeshGupta and Sohan Singh quest you to' furnish me or allow 19. 1924, to the Cawnpore Jt. Magis- " The resolution' says: me, through my private secretary, t;ate. In the context of all this' docu- e signatories of the majority re- Mr V. H. Joshi. to have a copy or men:tal evidence the conclusion seems havecome to the conclusion that copies made of such of the exhi- to be inevitable that the "Oange Letters" that examinationof the alleged letters fI bits. put in by the prosecution, as were written by Shri Dange himself, 11 Games comes, the Pakistan Government and the of having their own, separate s Of And business cOIIlmunity could get back to education which is independent Gamesters the task of exporting cotton to India and university. Already the technical importing something in return. And iq tutes have nothing to do with the GVAN KAPUR ,spite of appropriate nois'es. the .Indian versities and lose nothing in the Government would not mind too J much. In fa~t. t~e IlTs enjoy greater • HE volatile Mr Z. A. Bhutto would That would keep everyone happy. than 'a degree from any of the l.I( certainly dislike to be told so, but '£. '£. '£. sities. Now, this trend seems r the facts unfortunately show that a good Education is the new opium of ·the spread fart'her, with autonomous deal of his time and energy must be people, as none of the dialectical pun- coming up with the blessings of the spent in waching the Indian scene. The dits said. It has been coming a long time "iersity Grants Commission. For Indian citizen has watched with lack of now in India though few have sen- jobs that count, it will be the coll. interest if not downright apathy the! pro- sed the danger. Originally it matters and not a degree from anJ aress of· negotiations between Mrs Gan- was the British who tried to make 'us versity churning nut graduates '" dhi or her nominees and the! former fire- ' addicts as (hey did with opium in China. thousands. ea,ting ~heikh Abdullah. now showing The motivation in bot'h cases was meT- the signs of being hungry for power. cenary: but at least in India it was in- Not so Mi- Bhutto. The fate of Kash- direct and aimed at getting a cheap sup- Letter~ mir, according to him. can only be de- ply of pen-pushers. They were not much cided by the will of the people and ap- interested in selling etlucation to the na- parently Mr Bhutto knows this better than tives and making a quick penny out "The Murder of Mahalanob' anyone else. ' of it. Mr Bhutto, of course, dQes not like A pathetlic dependence and faith in This has reference to the article the will of the people When it does not education, by which everyone understand Murder. of Mahalanobis" (FebrullJ agree with his own version of it. Other- . academic education, has developed in all 1975). The topic of the Interna wise Sheikh Mujib would have been the sections of the people and the govern- . Symposium recently held in the I Prime Minister of Pakistan and there ments, State, as well as Central, actively Statistical Institute, Calcutta, was wOlUldnot be any Bangladesh.' But that encourage them in this.,All sorts o~ mira- cent Trends of Research in Sta' is now almost forgotten history, for the culous results are ;expected of edu~a,. The symposium was organised in S1leikh himself is treading the same path. tion as from religious rites of old~ That moly of the late Professor \P So far Mr Bhutto bad been original experience shows othe~ise makes ido Chandra Ma'halanobis by the Indian in, his pronouncements. But age and the one any wiser. Instead of welcoming tistical Institute jointly with the I facts of life must be catching up with the day when they can finish with school' national Association for Sta~stics him as with anyone else. He has been and college. stude,nts would like nothing Physical Science and the Intemati careful not to upset any of the, on-going better than to go on forever. Association of Survey Statisticians. trade arrangements with India. At the This is the only explanation of the sides 105 participants from India I same time, his numerous admirers have ~ndless demands for postponement ~af delegates fro~ 17 other countrie been sadly disappointed. There is no 'exa'miuations. The Jatest of these 'to sented' 174 papers on statistics and threat of even a ten-hour, war what to be put off again has been the B. Ed. of applications in various disciplines speak of a thousand years. Calcntta University, originally scheduled Anthropology, Biology. Economics All Mr Bhutto could threaten India for June t 974. Professional examina- Planning. Geology, Linguistics, Ph with was a ha;tal. This is not very ori- tions the world oyer are held on due Psychology etc. There were panel ginal and moreover, something which dates ';lnci those who cannot appear are cussions on Planning, Survey, Met he should have shunned like the plague. always free to appear at th~ next onc. logy and Teaching of Statistics. For India is the birthplace and natural usually six months afterwards. Why sessio~s. Were dedicat~d to the m habitat of this harmless, non-violent can't our University do the same? If of tbe late National Professor S. N. animal to Whom all people in the land .it is a question of the fees already paid. and others to the memory of the pay respect, irrespecti\'e of caste' and can't th'e fees be carried over to the stu- Academicialili Yu. V. Linnik of creed. There is nothing new even in den't account for the next session? It USSR, bot'h of whom were closely Government sponsored hartals. We had would be a small price to pay for ~etting eiated with the Institute. Hono had them before over her;e. rid of the confu~ion and chaos all round D.Sc. c!egrees were' conferred Or has Mr Bhutto become wise to the in education. Professor R. C. Bose of the Unive seC\1et weapon of India and Indians? The elite who rule the countty are get- of Colorado, USA, Academician N. After all, he may ask himself: If one ting tired of an educational system in Keldysh, President of the USSR native of Rajkot could use it. why not which their sons have to gol along with clemy of Sciences. and Professor J ;\Dother. A wa,r. even a short one. leaves the wishes of the mass'es at the univer- Neyman o~ the University of Cab many problems. After the hartal, if it sity stage. Thev are' thinking seriously nia. U.S.A. 12 FEBRUARY, 22, Operation Expansion' TheAnanda Bazar Group bridges a.long~felt .. . commumcabon gap InCalcutta Id Eastern India ... Witha morning business daily, all evening daily, and a Sunday special· For over half a century now, the Operation Exp::msion Ananda gazar Group of publications has 3 big ways become an inseperable part of 1ife in Fulfilling the long-felt need for a Calcutta and Eastern India~ Reporting business paper in Eastern India, the news and views in proper socio-economic Ananda Bazar Group will shortly publish perspective, building in the process' a a compact business, economic and finan- cial daily in English, the Business reputation, tradition and popularity yet Standard; this will be available 'the first unmatched. thing in the morning', from Mondays to Saturdays, with the latest news of the What has led to its success is that business world. More signifioantly, the news, as is the tradition of this Group, the Group has never lost sight of its will be uninfluenced by anything but obligations to its readers. And it has objectivity, ensuring unbiased and totally always been able to anticipate readers' independent coverage. requirements in good time ...Recali 'I1esh'·,. The second big venture is' the new for instance. When it first appeared, there Hindusthan Standard,an English evening daily. The advantage: news of the day was no such publication of its kind. Or delivered to you 'fresh' by the end of the to cite another example of recennimes,. day-Mondays to Saturdays. the 'Anandalok'film fortnightly-the only And yet another, the speciai Sunday such Bengali film magazine today. weekly news magazine, SUNDAY, along with the popular Sunday colour magazine. That's your Ananda' Bazar Group today. Always with the news, building success upon success upon success . ...addinganother chapter to its .. . ~orioushistory . • 4 I The Ananda Bazar, Group of Publications -' It was a truly interD&tional sympo- . Haque, Ashim Chatterjee aJ1d Santosh Maitrayee Devi (Author), Ai' sium~consistent in theme with the Maha- Rana. .eec erjee (Dramatist), Mahendra Ianobis philosopdy of statistics as a Though many of us do not support thtl horty (Journalist), Dr Amalenclu key technology. changed or unchanged political views of (C.S.S.S.), Ashok Sen ( J. Roy the prisoners, we believe that they had Santosh Kumar Ghosh (jou Programme Director staked t.lteir lives for the sake ri libera- Amitava Chaudhury (Journalist), International Symposium on Recent tion of mad from poverty and hunger. Sen (Film Director), Subhas Mu Trends of Research in Statistics We consider their idealism, honesty and (Poet), Partha Chatterjee ( Calcutta sincerity as treasures of our -ociety. I» Amit . Bhaduri (Economist), P fact many of the governme.Tlt spokesmen Dasgupta (Editor, Compua). We have gone t'brough with interest have referred to the honesty, sincerity nanda Mukherjee (Journalist), Anamik Basab's account of "The Mur- and sacrifice of these people. Ray (Film Director), Dilip Chak der of Mahalanobis" (February I, 1975). . Therefore, we demand that the accusen (Senator, Calcutta University), Dr He deserves our compliments for having in the Fifth Tribunal and all political Dey (Director, C.S.S.S.), Naresh written a bold 'cmd perc.eptive article prisoners be forthwith released and Wtl (Jadavpur University), Sudhi Pra on the state of affairs prevailing in the appeal to artists, writers, scientists, law- (Dramatist), Dakhinaranjan Baau ( Indian Statistical Institute today. yers, jownalists, teachers and all con- nalist), Dr Amiya Kr. Bose (Ca Several inci ". ' In k~Ag._- wi1!hotK' national TIllS IS OCOBANk TODAY TIII5"15I€f)IIl\NK r&D!V aims and aspirations, UCOBA'NK takieg banqeg ~helPing to has crossed over from being ,a lrfacilitiesto the pill millionhu" traditional bank to a bank ~ _ I doorstep. - to work. social commitments. A rapid expansion "Half-a-million job The organisational set-ap i6 ~. of branch network cell" has been set through radical changes where - . has made us over . up at UCOBANK's ". k" . £'...-a.- 7M) branches strong headquarters tohelp d eClSlon-"!-a 109 will be .__ iR tbis country. And ~e have you analyze- feasibility and I de-centralized. a programme to open m~DY' pro;ect studies,capital gooqs Here, we tell Y.OU some MW morefjn the ncar futul'e ~ etc. dimensionsof UC~'. United " -CoiiiiildalBaDk IIeIpiIg ~ t8 bel, dIeaIJeha~ .'" /