19074 . EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1973 By Mr. SHUSTER: MEMORIALS 248. Also, memorial of the Legislature of H.R. 8579. A bill to establish a temporary the State of California, relative to the defini­ embargo on the exportation of certain live­ Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memorials tion of tax etrort under the State and Local stock feed grains; to the Committee on were presented and referred as follows: Fiscal Assistance Act of 1972; to the Com­ Banking and Currency. 245. By the SPEAKER: A memorial of the mittee on Ways and Means. By Mr. RHODES (for himself, Mr. Legislature of the State of Louisiana, request­ UDALL, and Mr. CONLAN) : ing Congress to propose an amendment to H.J. Res. 607. Joint Resolution au­ the Constitution of the United States guar­ anteeing the right of the unborn human to thorizing the President to proclaim Septem­ life throughout its development; to the PETITIONS, ETC. ber 28, 1973, as "National Indian Day"; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions Committee on the Judiciary. 246. Also, memorial of the Legislature of and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk By Mr. GRAY: the State of Nebraska, requesting Congress to and referred as follows: H. Con. Res. 246. Concurrent resolution to propose an amendment to the Constitution commend the U.S. Capitol Police force and of the United States concerning abortion; to 236. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the the Committee on the Judiciary. council of the county of Maul, Hawaii, rel­ the Capltol Police Board on the occasion of ative to a Federal subsidy program for di­ 100t!h 247. Also, memorial of the Senate of the the anniversary of the designation of versified farming in the State of Hawaii; to the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate, the State of West Virginia, requesting Congress to propose an amendment to the Constitu­ the Committee on Agriculture. Sergeant at Arms of the House of Repre­ tion of the United States guaranteeing the 237. Also, petition of the board of trustees, sentatives, and the Architect of the Capitol right to life to the unborn, the ill, the aged or town of Westcl11fe, Colo., relative to a fuel as the governing body of the Capitol Police the incapacitated; to the Committee on the shortage; to the Committee on Interstate and force; to the Committee on Public Works. Judiciary. Foreign Commerce. ' -

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS AGRmUSINESS GOT A FAIR the form of meat. In fact, meat con­ producer of food and fiber in the world. SHAKE sumption has doubled in Japan in the We have asked America's farmers to last decade and it is expected to double plant more acreage in the crop of their again this decade. Western Europe's choice than ever before in history. We HON. PETE V. DOMEN·ICI market has expanded its meat consump­ have further asked them to place their OF NEW MEXICO tion by 20 percent in the last few years. crop on the open market to receive their IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Most dramatic is the increase in per fair share of the market's wealth. We Monday, June 11, 1973 capita consumption of beef in the United have asked the farmer, "With your great States, an increase from 56 pounds in producing capacity, produce more than Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, last 1952 to approximately 116 pounds today. you ever have in history so that your week while we were considering the Agri­ The United States raises more meat Nation can take advantage of worldwide culture and Consumer Protection Act of animals and raises more of the feed demands and help diminish our balance­ 1973, I received a telegram from a con­ grain to fatten these animals than any in-trade deficit." stituent of mine expressing great con­ other country. Also, the highest protein Mr. President, I submit that in view cern. He asked me: supplement for meat is the soybean, of of all we have asked our farmers, we must Why 1s the American Farmer, the food and which 70 percent of the world's supply accept our responsibility to provide :fiber producer, looked upon as a lower class is grown in the United States. Since the them a means of protection in times of citizen in the American economic structure? rest of the world is not topographically crises situations such as overproduction. I felt this a very justified concern and or climatically suited to the growing of By means of this legislation, we will a very good question. When we consider soybeans, the United States will continue provide this protection through the "tar­ the disparity between what our Nation to be a world supplier of this highly de­ get price" concept. By our action on s. demands from its agriculture sector and manded feed supplement used to meet 1888, we have told the farmer that if the rewards that sector receives from the continued increase in meat consump­ market prices rise above the target meeting this demand, maybe we have tion. prices, they will receive a just reward treated our farmers as second-class citi­ What does this all mean to us? It for their productive capacity to the bene­ zens. means that the American farmer is the fit of the entire world since there will be However, I sincerely believe that the best producer of food in the world. One enough food and fiber to meet world passage of the Agriculture and Con­ farmer produces enough to meet the needs at no cost to the taxpayer. If sumer Protection Act of 1973 will mark needs of 51 people as compared to only 16, market prices fall below the target price, a change in direction for our farming 25 years ago. With only 4.5 percent of we, the taxpayers of America, wm share communities. I hope that the new pro­ our Nation's population our farm com­ in the risk we asked farmers to take in visions embodied in this legislation cou­ munity has been able to not only produce paying only the difference between mar­ pled with increasing demand and pro­ enough to feed its fellow Americans, but ket price and the target price. duction give the farmer for the first time it has produced enough to export suffi­ Since this bill is designed to promote in years an equal share in the increase cient food and fiber to whittle down our production and economic parity in the in our national wealth. ever-growing balance-of-trade deficit. agriculture sector, an obvious addition­ This is the first comprehensive farm U.S. agriculture exports have almost al benefit will be a greater share of the program which is geared to expand the doubled in the last decade and are con­ Nation's wealth going to our farm com­ supply of food and fiber to meet the ever­ tinually contributing cash surpluses to munities. This additional wealth will increasing domestic and foreign demand. our balance of trade. It is estimated that have a strengthening effect on our rural The Secretary of Agriculture has al­ 1973 exports will be at $11.1 billion and communities by eliminating various ready released an additional 43 million will contribute a $3.3 billion cash sur­ problems. It is my hope that the increase acres for production which puts a total plus and that by 1980 our exports will of money inflow to these communities of over 380 million acres in crop pro­ be up to $18 billion. This ability of our will help stop the continued migration of duction for what he calls "the greatest agriculture sector to be a continuing people from our farm communities to the production effort in the history of U.S. strong net exporter is an invaluable asset urban areas by enabling farmers to share agriculture" to meet new areas of de­ to our international trading posture. In their increased income with farmwork­ mand. fact it may be the only real reliable re­ ers and others who depend upon them. New markets have been opened up maining economic leverage the United In short, there should be an increase in with new trade agreements with foreign States has in terms of international the quantity and quality of agriculture countries. Old markets have expanded trade. and agriculture-related employment with a worldwide elevation of the stand­ The new farm program gives the farm opportunities. ard of living, causing a spiraling demand community the financial incentive and Mr. President, it 1s my basic belief for higher protein food, particularly in protection to continue to be the largest that it is the right of every American June 11, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF. REMARks 19075 . to decide where he or she wants to live. of 1973. If this ill-considered experiment implementation of the PACE program as evi­ Some may prefer cities, but if they pre­ is carried out, the Eniwetokese will be denced in his own 'remarks during the PACE fer rural areas, they should be able to frustrated in their longstanding desire public hearing in Honolulu on April 4, 1973. 6. In the Anthropology section (pages 3-12 live there, with enough income to sup­ to resettle on their atoll. to 3-14) of the Test Site Description, the only port a family and live a life of human I submit the following statement of citations to anthropological research other dignity. In many parts of rural America, Dr. Leonard Mason, professor emeritus than Tobin's are to an article by Dr. Alex­ some in my own State, you can not do of anthropology of the University of ander Spoehr on kinship systems in the Mar­ that, principally because there are no Hawaii, who is well-acquainted with the shall and Gilbert Islands (1949) and to are­ jobs. I know of areas in New Mexico plight of these people: port by Miss Margaret Chave on mixed-blood Marshallese (1947). Fieldwork by Dr. Spoehr where 38 of 40 high school graduates LEONARD MASON, Honolulu, Hawaii, April 25, 1973. (then with the Chicago Natural History Mu­ from a single year have moved away be­ seum) and Miss Chave (a graduate student cause-no matter how much they may To whom it may concern: The following statement is supplementary in anthropology at the University of Hawaii) want to stay-there is no way for them to verbal remarks I made the evening of was limited to about three months each in to support themselves decently. April 4, 1973, at the Maluhia Service Center, 1947 on Majuro Atoll in the southern Mar­ These are times when farms and Ft. DeRussy, in Honolulu, Hawaii, during a shalls. Neither investigator had acquaintance ranches find themselves caught in a public hearing on the draft Environmental with the Eniwetok Marshallese, who at that squeeze between the cost of raising prod­ Impact Statement (EIS) for the Air Force's time had not yet been informed by the U.S. ucts and a sale price which offers too Pacific Cratering Experiments (PACE) on Government of the plan to move them from Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands. their home atoll to Ujelang Atoll. Text ref­ little profit. When that happens those in erences in the draft EIS to the work of supporting businesses-the 50 percent A. ANTHROPOLOGICAL PARTICIPATION IN PACE Spoehr and Chave are only generalized state­ of our rural families who do not live on PLANNING ments about Marshallese culture, and have farms-also suffer. So communities de­ 1. Three anthropologists are listed on pages no specific application to the Eniwetok situa­ cline and the young move a wa:Y, often 2-10 and 2-11 of the draft EIS (February, tion. to urban areas which are already over­ 1973) as "Specialists Consulted in Planning 7. The draft EIS in defining the cultural PACE." They are Dr. Saul Riesenberg (Smith­ and environmental requirements of the Eni­ crowded and certainly less healthy as sonian Institution), Dr. Alexander Spoehr wetok people is superficial and completely areas in which to make a livelihood and (University of Pittsburgh), and Dr. Leonard inadequate, both as to their present situa­ a life. Mason (University of Hawaii). While the tion on Ujelang Atoll and to their projected So, Mr. President, it is my expecta­ "contacts" with these specialists are reported re-occupation of Eniwetok Atoll in the near tion that farmers will use some of any as primarily a single telephone conversation future. increase they will receive to pay com­ with each, the implication of their being 8. PACE planners can expect no assistance petitive wages they have been unable to listed is that these anthropologists assisted from anthropologists who are now knowl- - in planning the PACE program. This was not edgeable about the Eniwetok situation, for afford previously so that we might at­ the case. the simple reason that PACE can in no way ­ tract good young people to remain on the 2. I can speak only for myself, but I am serve the interests of the Eniwetok people. farm and create more permanent em­ reasonably certain that both Dr. Riesenberg In point of fact, the Eniwetok community ployment, thereby eliminating the vast and Dr. Spoehr are in agreement with my · does not require that anthropologists even problems of seasonal employment and own position. In my opinion PACE 1 and speak on its behalf. The community's migrant workers. By sharing the addi­ PACE 2 both go contrary to the best interests pointedly negative response to the PACE tional benefits which this bill is intended of the Eni wetok Marshallese who were re­ presentation at the public hearing on to create for them, owners and opera­ moved from their home atoll by the United Ujelang Atoll, March 26-28, 1973, provides · States Government in 1947 and have lived eloquent testimony to that group's own esti­ tors of agricultural enterprises will up­ since then on Ujelang Atoll. They are now in mate of the impact of PACE should the proj­ hold the great American tradition of - the process of planning their return to ect be allowed to continue. sharing good fortune with those depend- ­ Eniwetok Atoll which will be available for . ent on you. This is an opportunity I their resettlement by the end of 1973. For B. POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS DEMAND NEW myself, I am unalterably opposed to the PACE PRIORITIES know farmers have long sought and will 1. A year or two ago, when PACE plan­ take advantage of for the benefit not project for reasons stated below. I do not want my name associated with PACE plan­ ning was already underway, the project only of agricultural workers, but of the ning in any way. might still have been judged on purely scien­ entire Nation-rural and urban. 3. There are only three anthropologists who tific grounds without regard for human are sufficiently acquainted with the Eniwetok occupancy of the atoll. That situation situation to make judgments about the im­ changed overnight when Ambassador Frank­ pact of PACE upon the Eniwetok people. This lin Haydn Williams, the President's personal AGAINST ENIWETOK TEST knowledge in each case is based on extended representative for the Micronesian Status field research during the Marshallese com­ Negotiations, and Edward E. Johnston, High munity's displacement on Ujelong Atoll. Commissioner of the Trust Territory, jointly HON. PATSY T. MINK These anthropologists are Dr. Jack A. Tobin, announced that the U.S. Government was OF HAWAII Community Development Adviser, Marshall prepared to return Eniwetok Atoll to the Islands District, Trust Territory of the Pa­ Trust Territory by the end of 1973 for the IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES cific Islands; Dr. Robert C. Kiste, Associate early return of the Eniwetok people to their Monday, June · 11, 1973 Professor of Anthropology, University of Min­ home atoll. Political considerations now de­ nesota; and Dr. Leonard Mason, Emeritus mand a completely new look at the PACE _ Mrs. MINK. Mr. Speaker, for 27 years Professor of Anthropology, University of project. now the people of Eniwetok in the Trust Hawaii. 2. Dr. Ernst S. Reese, Professor of Zoology, Territories of the Pacific Islands have 4. Dr. Tobin's doctoral dissertation on "The University of Hawaii, summed up the been denied the liberty to live on their Resettlement of +.he Eniwetok People" (un­ changed situation very well in his letter of native soil. They were moved to Ujelang, published, University of California, Berkeley, July 13, 1972, appended to the draft EIS: a smaller atoll because the U.S. Govern­ 1967) is included among the references listed "The crux of the matter is simply that the on page R-10 of the draft EIS. It is cited only question is no longer a scientific one. The ment had taken their island to detonate matter is now both political and moral. The an atomic bomb in 1948. Still now we once in the text (page 3-11) . Dr. Tobin has said that he is "biased against the PACE pro­ question has become: do the objectives of are planning more tests known as the gram" (see his letter to Mr. Harvey Segal, the PACE program and geological data which Pacific cratering experiments-PACE­ April 2, 1973, which I read into the record of will be gathered in the process outweigh the which would see the detonation of 26 the PACE public hearing on April 4). Tobin objections of the Eniwetok people? The an­ surface explosions, using from 5 to 500 has charged PACE planners with ignoring swer to this question must be a political and tons of TNT. Opposition to these tests portions of his dissertation that would have moral one. It cannot be answered scientif­ from the Eniwetokese have been nearly weakened PACE estimates of the environ­ ically" (page H-2). mental impact on the Eniwetok community. 3. Dr. Georges. Losey, Jr., Assistant Profes­ unanimous. In view of this, proceeding sor of Zoology, University of Hawaii, came to with these tests could have a very serious 5. Of the three anthropologists named in (3) above, Dr. Kiste is without doubt the a similar conclusion in his letter of July 18, effect on relations between the U.S. Gov­ best informed owing to his own intensive 1972, appended to the draft EIS: ernment and the Micronesian peoples. field research on Ujelang Atoll in 1964 and " ... the problem has now acquired socio­ The pending political status negotiations his subsect uent analysis of the field data. This political -importance which renders it dUll­ could well be affected. The United States work is nearing completion in the form of cult to decide on a scientific basis whether had announced some time ago that for­ a comprehensive monograph on the effects of the PACE project should proceed" (page mer natives of Eniwetok would be al­ displacement of the Eniwetok people from H-11). lowed back onto their atoll by the end 1947 to the present. He is opposed to further 4. Dr. Philip Helfrich, Associate Director, 19076 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1973 Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Univer­ the atoll resources and the infiuence of the 6. What can the Eniwetok people expect sity of Hawaii, wrote in the same question­ atoll environment upon their customary be­ in available llving space as they plan to re­ ing manner in his letter of July 20, 1972, ap­ havior. turn to the ancestral atoll? The April, 1972, pended to the draft EIS: 2. The Eniwetok population, numbering announcement on behalf of the U.S. Gov­ "I cannot make a judgment on the neces­ probably little more than a hundred persons, ernment indicated that first priority will be sity of the PACE project because the total remained fairly well isolated from the rest given to the cleanup and rehabilitation of relationship of it to our national security is of the world, through the German protector­ three islands-Parry, Japtan, and Aniya­ a complex one with all of the facts to be ate established in the Marshalls in 1885 and anii-in the southeastern part of the atoll. weighed known only to a few persons in our into the early years of the Japanese occupa­ These three islands are almost the only ones government" (page H-16). tion of Micronesia after 1914. The atoll's in­ out of some 32 in the entire atoll which have 5. To continue scientific debate on the pos­ habitants learned to make copra for export an appreciable portion of the original vegeta­ sible effects of proposed PACE 1 and PACE 2 and came to depend in a minor way on trade tion remaining after 26 years of U.S. mili­ detonations upon the physical environment goods to supplement their traditional sub­ tary weapons testing. They are, respectively, of Eniwetok Atoll is now but an exercise in sistence economy. Continuing to live much as the 3rd, 5th, and 21st largest islets in the futility in view of the new political and before, the atoll population was divided into atoll. Together they total 0.47 square miles, moral considerations. Indeed, PACE planners two independent but cooperative chiefdoins about 300 acres, and only 20 percent of the appear to have anticipated the new question based on the two main islands of Engebi and atoll total of 2.26 square miles of land area. and provided partial answer in a statement Eniwetok. Until the late 1930's no foreigners 7. The community numbered 142 men, in the draft EIS: lived among them with the exception of a women, and children when it was relocated "The information obtained during PACE 1 Japanese trader and his two aides. to Ujelang Atoll in 1947. Since then, it has would be useful to scientists studying atoll 3. For the Eniwetok Marshallese the night­ at least doubled and possibly tripled in size geology but probably would have no direct mare of foreign military intervention began depending on how membership in the com­ use to the Eniwetok people" (page 7-1). in the late 1930's. Thousands of Japanese munity is defined. Obviously, living space for 6. In another place in the draft EIS, the military personnel, Korean and Okinawan all will be the most critical problem facing relationship and relative priorities of PACE laborers, and conscripted Marshallese workers the returnees, apart from the equally critical 1 and PACE 2 are defined in such a way that from other atolls invaded Eniwetok to con­ question of how much land may or may not the need to conduct PACE 2 is represented struct fortifications and an airfield on Engebi be immediately available elsewhere in the as less urgent: Island. Some Eniwetokese were also pressed atoll for the restoration of the mixed trade­ "The PACE 1 program is in no way depend­ into service, while others fled to islets else­ subsistence economy which supported the ent upon PACE 2 high-explosive testing pro­ where in the atoll. The Japanese operations human population prior to its displacement gram. PACE 1 • . . is needed regardless of eventually forced the Eniwetok inhabitants in 1947. whether the PACE 2 program is carried out who still remained on Engebi to crowd to­ 8. What is the condition of other islands to completion. Results obtained from the gether at the southern end of the island. in the atoll which at various times have PACE 1 program will, however, be useful in Later, the entire Engebi community was re­ served the Eniwetok people as residential designing the high-yield explosive events of moved to the smaller island of Aomon, which sites? Eniwetok and Engebi Islands have al­ PACE 2" (page 2-4). happened to belong to the chiefdom of Eni­ ready been identified as the two traditional 7. That the PACE 2 program is conceived wetok and not that of Engebi. settlements in pre-European times. Eniwe­ as more directly supportive of U.S. national 4. As war came to the Marshalls, the Eni­ tok is the larger. The land area is now al­ defense interests is confirmed by a statement wetok fortifications were heavily bombarded most completely paved over for the U.S. in the simplified English equivalent of the by the American forces. Many Eniwetokese Inilitary airstrip and support facilities. En­ Marshallese summary of the draft EIS: were wounded or lost their lives during this gebi's transformation into a Japanese war­ "Very important to the PACE 2 program period although they had no part in the time base and its subsequent bombardment is the plan to use explosive shots to see how struggle between Japan and the United by the Americans left the island virtually they are like the big atomic bombs. Since the States. In February, 1944, the Americans se­ useless for Marshallese re-occupation until United States has set otr atomic bombs only cured the atoll after several days of fierce cleared of all military debris. Aomon and in coral atolls, the PACE 2 explosives must fighting. Eniwetok Island was then trans­ Biijiri Islands, never used for permanent resi­ be set off there also. The ground around formed into a major advance base for air dence in earlier years, did serve temporarily these explosions must be studied very care­ and sea attacks on Japanese military hold­ during and just after World War II for fully. Also, the PACE explosions must be the ings farther west in Micronesia. The Eni­ concentration of the displaced islanders. Is­ same si:ze as explosions being set otr in the wetok people were rounded up and concen­ lands smaller than the Eniwetokese do not United States and Canada. Only then can we trated in camp facilities on Aomon Island. consider suitable for more than casual hab­ compare these shots to large atomic bombs. One year later members of the Engebi chief­ itation, as indicated- by the names assigned Thus, we can find out how atomic bombs will dom took up residence separately on Biijiri to many of them which imply simply a "sand damage us in the different kind of ground we Island just south of Aomon in order to be on island" or a "sand spit.'• have. Hence, the doubts about U.S. defense land belonging to them by island custom. 9. The PACE selection of Runit, Aomon, will be less" (page 1-52). Aoman and Biijiri together provided the war and Eberiru Islands for investigation and 8. There can be little doubt from the quota­ refugees with only 90 acres of living space as high-explosive testing does not in fact crit­ tions in (5), (6), and (7) above that PACE compared with 487 acres on the two large is­ ically restrict the possibilities for re-estab­ has been planned for the sole purpose of an­ lands of Engebi and Eniwetok which had lishing permanent residential sites by Eni­ swering certain United States security needs. traditionally supported the atoll's inhabi­ wetokese. Although Runit Island is the tants and which had now been denied them fourth largest in the atoll, nuclear tests in The Eniwetok people can expect no benefits the 1950's scarred it badly and left a herit­ from a continuation of the PACE program. by the events of World War n. 5. The entire Eniwetok population was age of radioactivity that may make the land On the contrary, they will have to stand by uninhabitable by Marshallese for years to and watch another major alteration of their moved to Meik Island, Kwajalein Atoll, for one month in 1946 in the interest of their come. Aomon's condiGion has already been home atoll at the very moment when they discussed, and Eberiru Island is reall'y quite have been promised by the U.S. Government security while the United States tested an atomic bomb on nearby Bikini Atoll. A year small, only 26 acres. Proposals by PACE plan­ an early return to the atoll from which they ners to restore the three islands at least to were forcibly removed 26 years ago. or so thereafter, the U.S. Navy administra­ tion informed the Eniwetok people that their their condition prior to PACE testing are C. A HISTORY OF FORCED MIGRATION AND CUL­ home atoll was required for an extension of not particular! relevant to the primary need TURAL DISRUPTION the nuclear weapons testing on nearby Bik­ felt by the Eniwetokese as they look for­ 1. Eniwetok Atoll, like other island eco­ ini Atoll. They were summarily resettled on ward to their return. The critical question logical systems in the Pacific, is a unique Ujelang Atoll. There they have lived ever from their point of view lies elsewhere, as complex of living organisms and the non­ since in the never failing hope that one day I will try to point out in the following living environment. Any atoll represents a the U.S. Government would end its weapons analogy. functional system of interacting components testing at Eniwetok and they could finally 10. Compare the Eniwetok community as that tends toward an equilibrium never return to their native homeland. Their peti­ it waits on Ujelang today with a hypotheti­ quite achieved. The limited size of atolls tions toward that end have been increasingly cal American family in New England. This makes almost any change, whether by the aggressive in recent years. Ujelang has not family has just received word from the Gov­ hand of man or by some natural agency, ca­ been a happy home for them. A simple com­ ernment that it may re-occupy its many­ pable of extensive repercussions within the parison of areas tells the story graphically. roomed ancestral home after an enforced ab­ ecosystem. The land, reef, lagoon, climate, Total land area on Eniwetok Atoll is 2.26 sence of a quarter century caused by- Gov­ soils, vegetation, and animal life--all are square miles, but on Ujelang it is only 0.67 ernment requisitioning of the building for elements to which the Eniwetok people have square miles. Total lagoon area at Eniwetok official use. What reaction might you ex­ had to relate for they, like other living species measures 387.99 square miles, while at Uje­ pect when the American family is confronted on the atoll, also occupied a niche in the lan it only comes to 25.47 square miles. with the conditions detailed below? total ecological scheme. We have every rea­ Finally, in April, 1972, the High Commis­ 11. The family's favorite living rooms 1n son to believe that with their pre-European sioner of the Trust Territory informed them the large old house have been badly damaged technologies and organizational systems, the that the time had arrived, and they could or completely done over in a style the fainily Eniwetokese had succeeded in maintaining look forward to resettlement on Eniwetok finds distasteful. Many of the smaller rooins a reasonably fine balance between their use of in the very near future. once used for special purposes have also June 11, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19077 been severely abused and some, in fact, com­ the face of the opposition, the United States A few days ago, however, I introduced a pletely destroyed. However, the family ex­ must now declare its good faith in dealing measure to transfer the Office of Manage­ pects to salvage some living space in other with a Micronesian people. Not only the ment and Budget from the Executive Branch small rooms less altered. But as they prepare Eniwetok Marshallese are watching to see of government to the Legislative Branch and to move into the house and make a start to­ what decision the U.S. Air Force Command to establish a permanent joint committee ward something more suitable in the future, will make in regard to PACE. Micronesians of the Congress on the budget. The Seni:lte they find that the Government intends to in all six districts of the Trust Terri tory are Republican Leader. Hugh Scott, was kind reserve three of the rooms in the house for watching. Whatever decision is xnade to con­ enough to co-sponsor the measure. This pro­ yet another year of newly programmed ac­ tinue PACE or not to continue it, Microne­ posal would not only tighten Congressional tivity. It is true that the Government guar­ sians everywhere will view it as a straw in control of fiscal matters but would give Con­ antees that its people will not be noisy nor the wind indicating the mood of the U.S. gress a positive role in supervising the prep­ intrude unduly on the family's activities. Government in future decisions about U.S. aration of a federal budget since the Some damage to the building is expected to military activities which are opposed by the Legislative OMB would be under the direct result from continued use of the rooms, but island peoples. control of Congress through the Joint Com­ the Government says they will be restored 6. In the present case, the U.S. Govern­ mittee on the Budget. at least to the condition they were in before ment dare not "shake a big stick" in the face Under this proposal, each department and the new program got underway. Despite such of Micronesian opinion if it expects to win independent agency of the government assurances, members of the American family Micronesian cooperation for a Compact of would submit its needs directly to the Leg­ are crushed (like the Eniwetok Marshal­ Free Association. To make such a unilateral islative Office of Management and Budget lese reaction?). Sad disappointment follows decision about the PACE program will very which would make decisions as to priorities their heightened expectation that finally likely provide exactly the support desired by and prepare the federal budget under the they would be moving back into the old Micronesians who are advocating independ­ supervision of the Joint Congressional Com­ bouse to begin to revive the old family liv­ ence, both complete and immediate. mittee. It is proposed that the Joint Commit­ ing tradition. Blocked in this desire, their 7. Regardless of the merits of Micronesian tee would consist of members of the Con­ sorrow turns into frustration and then into independence, now or at some future time, gress serving on the Ways and Means Com­ anger. They seek legal assistance to oppose the United States cannot afford to take a mittee of the House, the Finance Committee this continued Governmental intrusion into hard line on the PACE program unless the of the Senate, and the Appropriations Com­ their anticipated privacy and seclusion to be­ latter is considered by top-level military mitee of each body. The Committee would come master of their own affairs at long chiefs to be absolutely essential to the main­ consist of twelve members divided equally last. Can you blame them? tenance of U.S. national security. And if this between the majority and the minority be the case, the U.S. Governmen'; must be parties. D. THE REAL ISSUE NOW IS LARGER THAN In my opinion, the only way for Congress EITHER PACE OR ENIWETOK prepared to take the consequences in the loss of respect and good faith on the part to control the purse strings of the govern­ 1. A final decision about the PACE pro­ of the Micronesian people. ment is to have the machinery for estab­ gram can no longer be made solely on the The PACE program, cast in the light of lishing spending priorities as well as author­ merits of the experimental project or the much larger issues, appears to me to be of izing the funding responsibilities. This is a arguments of the Eniwetok plaintiffs. Con­ no significance. To continue the PACE pro­ decided change from the present practice. tinued military activity at Eniwetok in the gram would, in my opinion, be a "bad show." The proposal was studied by our staff, the face of opposition by the Eniwetak people Let's consider the larger issues which are of Library of Congress, and the Senate Legis­ is now but one of a number of related issues real significance in Micronesia. lative Counsel for a period of some weeks be­ undergoing review in negotiations between As an anthropologist I would be shocked fore being introduced. I hope it will receive the United States Government and the peo­ and as an American citizen I would be serious consideration. Should you desire a ple of Micronesia concerning the political shamed if the U.S. Air Force decides to go copy of my remarks and the bill, please let future of the islands. ahead with PACE. me know. 2. The fact that Ambassador Franklin Sincerely, vmGINIA TOUR Hadyn Williams, personal representative of President Nixon for the Micronesian Status LEONARD MAsoN, As you know, I serve on the Senate Armed Professor Emeritus of Antht·opology, Uni­ Services Committee and Virginia has a large Negotiations, was party to the joint an­ versity of Hawaii. nouncement about the return of Eniwetok number of military installations which are Atoll to its former inhabitants is indicative both important to our national security and of this greater significance of the Eniwetok to Virginia's economy. In order to become issue. The announcement was made in the more familiar with these bases, I spent May Trust Territory immediately following the CONTROL OF THE PURSE STRINGS 14-18 visiting a large number of them. Fourth Round of Talks in Koror, Palau. Ten­ Among the installations visited were Fort tative agreement bad just been reached be­ Belvoir, Quantico Marine Base, Naval instal­ tween the two negotiating teams to develop HON. WILLIAM LLOYD SCOTT lations in Norfolk and Little Creek, Fort Mon­ roe, Norfolk Naval Air Station, Langley Air a Compact of Free Association with the OF VmGINIA Force Base, Fort Lee, Fort Eustis, and the United States. The sensitive topic of mili­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES tary leases and options had been examined Richmond Defense Supply Agency. While at carefully on both sides. In the discussions, Mr. SCOTT of Virginia. Mr. President, Langley, I also visited the NASA Research the United States representative had at­ since coming to the Congress, I have sent Center. tempted to alleviate the very considerable a regular newsletter to citizens of Vir­ The authority of several of the military concern by Micronesians about future mili­ commands extend beyond Virginia and even ginia and I ask unanimous consent to outside of our national boundaries. The visit tary intervention in Micronesian affairs. print in the RECORD a copy of the June 3. While progress in the negotiations con­ afforded me an opportunity to see some of tinued during the Fifth Round of Talks in 1973 newsletter. our weapons, military housing, repair shops, Washington in July, 1972, an impasse later There being no objection, the news­ and to generally become better acquainted developed which caused negotiations to be letter was ordered to be printed in the with matters which will come before our broken off in the Sixth Round at Barbers REcoRD, as follows: committee. Point in Hawaii in October. No firm an­ CONTROL OF THE PURSE STRINGS NORFOLK HOSPITAL nouncement has been made at the present Activities on the Senate floor predominate One of the issues the Senate recently acted time for resumption of the negotiations. in this month's newsletter. Of course, I upon related to Public Health Service Hos­ Micronesian independence is now in strong would welcome your views on these or other pitals. These hospitals primarily serve mer­ competition with free association with the matters. chant seamen, Coast Guard personnel on ac­ United States. The U.S. military role is a tive duty, and commissioned officers of the principal issue in the present postponement OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET ACT OF Public Health Service. Although there were of negotiations. On both sides, suspicion of 1973 once thirty Public Health Service hospitals in the other's motives is great. Congress has a Constitutional responsi­ operation, most of these have been closed 4. The PACE program has assumed a sym­ bility to impose taxes and to control spend­ with only eight remaining open, including bolic significance in which good faith on ing of government funds although in present the one in Norfolk. . the part of the U.S. Government stands on practice it seems to merely refine the recom­ The Administration has proposed the clos­ trial. Micronesians expect that in any future mendations of the President. Much of the ing of the hospitals for a number of reasons. association that may be formed between eroding power of Congress over government They noted that the declining number of Micronesia and the United States the two finances can be traced to the Bude:et and eligible persons, the costs of maintaining the parties will work together as equals. Such a Accounting Act of 1921 which incre;sed the hospital facilities, and the rising costs of partnership demands constant evidence of role of the President in pulling together a specialized medical care make it impractical good faith on bot h sides if it is to remam federal budget and weakened the power of to continue operating these fedt'ral hospitals. viable. Congress in this area of fiscal management. This is part of an overall effort of the Ad­ 5. At the PACE public hearing on Ujelang The Executive Branch, through the Office of ministration, which bas my support, t-o re­ Atoll in March, 1973, the Eniwetok people Management and Budget, sets priorities, in­ duce the cost of government and to have our expressed without reservation their negative cludes items it chooses in the budget and economy operate on an efficient basis. response to the continuation of PACE. In excludes items it does not favor. During the debate on the Emergency Med1- 19078 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1973 cal Services Act of 1973, Senator Magnuson ever, this proposal would establish an office eration and proper use of various wines is proposed an amendment to keep open the within the U.S. Census Bureau and periodi­ also a strong motive in the educational Public Health Service Hospitals. This amend­ cally furnish postal cards to citizens through­ ment was passed by voice vote and was made out the country to permit them to register exposure which is reported in their news a part of the Senate bill on final passage. The to vote. There would appear to be a consider­ releases and newsletters. House has also acted favorably on the bill able danger of fraud in permitting people to The program of speakers, of which I and it must go to a conference committee. register by mail rather than register in per­ was one, consisted of some of the great I understand the contemplated closing will son as required under Virginia law. names in the wine industry and all topics not deprive the primary beneficiaries of es­ Moreover, the party in control of the were covered with great professional ac­ sential medical care as in-patients. They will Executive Branch of our government might curacy. Leading the panelists at the nino continue to receive care through government show favoritism in the use of a national seminars was Mr. Harry Waugh, the dis­ purchase of equivalent service in hospitals voters' list and we would be creating a new tinguished British wine authority. His in their own community through contracts federal agency at the cost of many millions subject was "The Wines of Bordeaux." negotiated by the Department of Health, of dollars at a time when, in my opinion, we Education and Welfare. should be curbing government spending and ''California Wines" was the subject han­ reducing the cost of government. dled by Dr. Maynard Amerine, professor SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS BILL of enology at the University of Califor­ As you know, appropriations are made to Of course, I favor the widest possible par­ ticipation in the election process and urge nia at ?avis. Mr. Steven J. Schneider, operate the government on the basis of fiscal economist, spoke on "The Current Mar­ years commencing July 1. It is invariably nec­ all qualified persons to register and vote in essary to make additional appropriations all elections. Active participation in the elec­ ket Trends in Wines." Mr. Julius Wiles' prior to the end of each fiscal year for mat­ tion process by all of our citizens results in seminar subject was "From the Vineyard ters not considered in the original Appropria­ better government. Nevertheless, Virginia to the Table" and Mr. Robert Gourdin tions Act or for additional funding of a spec­ does afford wide opportunity to register and developed well, his topic of 'Cham­ ified activity. vote. Each county or city has a central reg­ pagnes and Sparkling Wines." Peter The 1973 Second Supplemental Appropria­ istrar with assistant registrars in the various Sichel took the seminar on a tasting tour tions bill was for more than $3 billion for neighborhoods of our more populous coun­ ties. However, we have had vote frauds in of "Wines of Germany." Mr. Alfio Mori­ various departments and agencies of the gov­ coni, executive director and wine adviser ernment. While this is a considerable amount the western part of our State which have of money, the primary debate on the measure been related to voting by mail and I am to the Les Amis du Vin membership, ad­ related to a prohibition of spending "to sup­ concerned that a general mail registration dressed the seminar on the subject of port directly or indirectly combat activities conducted by the Bureau of the Census "Psychology of Wine Drinking" as well in, over or from off the shores of Cambodia, throughout the country would considerably as an interesting aside on the improve­ or in or over Laos by United States forces." I increase the prospect for fraud and addi­ ment of Italian Wines. have always supported the President's con­ tional irregularities in the voting process. In closing, Mr. Speaker, I must give a duct of the war in Vietnam and feel that he The Census Bureau, the Postal Service and vote of praise to the great pastry chef deserves considerable credit in obtaining a the Department of Justice all opposed this Otto Eckstein, as well as Executive Chef peace agreement and the return of our pris­ measure and it appears to be wrong for the Klaus Scheftner, of the St. Francis Hotel oners of war. Nevertheless, the people of the federal government to invade a field previ­ ously reserved to the States. This measure in San Francisco, for their artistic and country appear to be tired of our continued delicious achievement of a cake shaped involvement and concerned with the lack of even seeks to supervise the selection of dele­ assistance from other freedom loving na­ gates to party conventions and caucuses. in the· form of the early California wine tions. There is also a concern that bombing There is strong indication that the President cask and decorated to symbolize found­ is continuing without congressional author­ will veto it if passed by the Congress. ing of the California wine community. ization and the thought that it could re­ FLAG DAY I thought Alfio Moriconi summarized sult in more prisoners of war being taken. On June 14, by an appropriate display of the convention very well when he said: While I voted against limiting the authority our fiag, let us all join together in remem­ We a.t Les Amls du Vin voted to hold our of the President on this measure, notice was brance of those things that have made our first national convention in San Francisco given that I would not support further bomb~ country great. If you would like information because it is the gateway to the American ing operations without specific authorization Wine Industry. from Congress. on the proper display of the fiag, our office will be happy to send you the booklet Our Members of Les Amis du Vin also EMERGENCY PETROLEUM ALLOCATION ACT Flag. toured vineyards and visited Wente Congress is presently considering an act Brothers, Paul Masson, Mirassau, Hanns authorizing and directing the President to Kornell Mondavi, and the Sabastiani prepare priorities, schedules, plans and regu­ wineries. lations for the allocation and distribution of LES AMIS DU VIN crude oil and refined petroleum products which may be in short supply nationally or in ELECTION OF NEW MEXICO OPTO­ any region of the country. The bill would HON. B. F. SISK METRIC ASSOCIATION PRESIDENT regulate the major producers and importers OF CALIFORNIA and compel them to sell at least as much of their products to independent dealers as was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. MANUEL LUJAN, JR. sold to such dealers during the period from Monday, June 11, 1973 OF NEW MEXICO July 1, 1971 to June 30, 1972. Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, recently I had IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES No one questions our need for more petro~ leum or that some shortages exist. There is the pleasure of being honored at the first Monday, June 11, 1973 doubt, however, of the desirability of the national convention of the members of government interfering further with the Mr. LUJAN. Mr. Speaker, I would like the Les Amis du Vin-Friends of Wine. to commend a constituent of mine, E. K. mechanisms of the marketplace in the allo~ As cation of scarce energy resources. It might chairman of the Wine Committee of Ragsdale, of Raton, upon his election even be argued that past government inter~ the California delegation in Congress, as president of the New Mexico Opto­ ference with the market is in large part re~ this meeting which was held in San metric Association for the 1973-74 term. sponsible for the shortages we now experi­ Francisco the week of May 21, 1973, was This association has long devoted much ence. Perhaps we need to find ways to in­ most interesting for these reasons: First, effort to the improvement of vision in crease domestic production, to reexamine en­ vironmental constraints and imports from Les Amis du Vin is a national organiza­ the State of New Mexico; members of the other countries. In any event, there is a sharp tion with over 15,000 members, and sec­ NMOA have worked hard to uplift the division as to the action which should be ond, it is an organization with an edu­ consciousness of New Mexicans on the taken which may stay with us as long as cational bent in the area of understand­ importance, in fact, the very basic neces­ the fear of an energy shortage continues to ing and helping their members become sity of vision. exist. Dr. Ragsdale, a 1964 graduate of the POSTCARD REGISTRATION knowledgeable about the hundreds of Pacific University School of Optometry The Senate recently passed a Postcard Reg­ vintages of both American and foreign previously served in the U.S. Army from istration bill by a vote of 57-37. There may be wines. 1948 through 1953. Upon his settling in major opposition to the bill in the House of The bimonthly newsletter of the so­ Raton, he has provided its inhabitants Representatives but the Senate has com~ ciety is full of news about their 164- with quality optometric vision care and pleted its consideration. I voted against the member chapters in 34 States. It also measure and would be glad to forward a copy through that practice aided countless of my remarks during debate on request. advises their membership of the market persons to pursue their life goals more As you know, voter registration has gen­ values at retail level and warns them effectively. erally been considered a State matter. How- of any deception in label or price. Mod- This is a tremendously important field. June 11, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19079 As we in Congress are more and more and by amending subsection (a) to read L.B.J. SCHOOL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS involved in legislation dealing with the as follows: GRADUATES health of the Nation, we must keep in "(a) ESTATES AND TRUSTS.-In the case Of mind the relation of vision to learning, an estate or trust, the sum of the items of tax preference for any taxable year of the HON. J. J. PICKLE to personality development, to success­ estate or trust shall be apportioned between ful life achievement, to adjustment to the estate or trust and the beneficiaries on OF TEXAS ensuing old age. the basis of the income of the estate or trust IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES My congratulations to Dr. Ragsdale allocable to each.", and Monday, June 11, 1973 and the New Mexico Optometric Asso­ (2) adding at the end thereof the following ciation. new subsection: Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, I recently "(f) ELECTION NOT To CLAIM TAX PREF­ had the honor and pleasure of speaking ERENCES.-In the case of an item of tax pref­ to the third graduating class of the erence which is a deduction from gross in­ TAX REFORM AMENDMENTS TO come, the taxpayer may elect to waive the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Af­ DEBT CEILING BILL deduction of all or part of such item, and fairs of the University of Texas at Austin. the amount so waived shall not be taken This graduate school was conceived by into account for purposes of this part. In the late President Johnson as an institu­ HON. HENRY S. REUSS the case of an item of tax preference de­ tion where talented and public-spirited OF WISCONSIN scribed in section 57(a} (9), the taxpayer young people could be specially trained IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES may elect to treat all or part of any capital to become leaders in our Federal, State, gain as gain from the sale or exchange of Monday, June 11, 1973 and local governments. property which is neither a capital asset nor I lauded the birth of the L.B.J. School; Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, H.R. 8410, property which is neither a capital asset now continuing the existing temporary in­ nor property described in section 1231, and I am sure we all share the belief of the crease in the public debt limit through the amount treated as such gain shall not be late President in our young people and taken into account for purposes of this part. their ability to become, with proper November 30, 1973, is scheduled for floor An election under this subsection shall be training and encouragement, the capable action on Wednesday, June 13. Repre­ made only at such time and in such man­ leaders of our society. I have observed the sentatives BROCK ADAMS, JOHN E. Moss, ner as is prescribed in regulations promul­ growth of the L.B.J. School; and I say FRANK THOMPSON, JR., and I offer two gated by the Secretary or his delegate, and tax reform amendments to H.R. 8410. the making of such election shall constitute with pride that President Johnson's To do this, we will attempt to vote down a consent to all terms and conditions as may hopes are being fulfilled. The hard work the previous question on the rule and be set forth in the regulations as to the effect and devotion of the administration, amend the rule to make in order the tax of such election for purposes of this title." faculty, staff, and students to the late (f) Section 443 of such Code (relating to President's ideal is paying off. I have reform amendments. returns for a period of less than 12 months) The text of our proposed amendments worked with L.B.J. students in the past, is amended by striking out subsection (d) and have been pleasecl by their ability to the rule and to the debt ceiling bill thereof and redesignating subsection (e) as follow: (d). and enthusiasm. After speaking to this year's graduating class, and learning of AMENDMENT TO H. RES. - OFFERED BY REPRE­ (g) (1) The amendments made by this sec­ SENTATIVES ADAMS, Moss, REUSS, AND tion shall apply only with respect to tax­ their past accomplishments and future THOMPSON able years beginning after the date of en­ plans, I am even more enthusiastic and Page -, line -, after "five-minute rule." actment of this Act. hopeful for their futures and the future insert the following: (2) In determining the deferral of tax of our country under their leadership. "It shall be in order to consider, without liability under section 56 ( b} of the Internal I would now like to take this oppor­ the intervention of any point of order, the Revenue Code of 1954 for any taxable year tunity to present to my colleagues the text of the bill H.R. 8282, and the text of the beginning after the date of enactment of this Act, the necessary computations involv­ nan:es of these graduates with a short bill H.R. 8283, as separate amendments to summary of their accomplishments so the bill H.R. 8410." ing such taxable year shall be made under the law applicable to such taxable year. that my enthusiasm will be shared, as ( 3) There shall be no tax carryover under follows: AMENDMENT TO H.R. 8410 OFFERED BY REP­ section 56(c) or 56(a} (2) (B) of the Internal Mrs. Paulette Alexander from Chelsea, Ala.: RESENTATIVES ADAMS, MOSS, REUSS, AND Revenue Code of 1954 to any taxable year THOMPSON BS in Math & MA in Bus. Statistics from the beginning after the date of enactment of this Univ. of Alabama. Summer Intern wit.:l the Page 3, after line 9, insert the following Act. Interagency Regional Planning Committee. additional section: Presently Intern in the Texas Advisory Com­ AMENDMENTS TO MINIMUM TAX FOR TAX AMENDMENT TO H.R. 8410 OFFERED BY REPRE­ mission on Intergovernmental Relations. PREFERENCES SENTATIVES ADAMS, MOSS, REUSS, AND Participated in Research Seminars State Tax: (a} Section 56(a} of the Internal Revenue THOMPSON Policy and Programs and Texas Property Tax: Code of 1954 (relating to imposition of mini­ Administration. Page 3, after line 9, and after any amend­ Miss Sharon L. Bechtold from San Antonio, mum tax for tax preferences} is amended ment heretofore adopted, insert the follow­ to read as follows: ing additional section: Tex.: BA in Government from The University "(a) IN GENERAL.-In addition to the other of Texas at Austin. Member of National Po­ taxes imposed by this chapter, there is hereby REASONABLE ALLOWANCE FOR DEPRECIATION litical Science Honor Fraternity. Summer imposed for each taxable year, with respect (a) REPEAL OF AsSET DEPRECIATION Intern at the State Department of Public to the income of every person, a tax equal to RANGE.-8ection 167 (m) (1) of the Internal Welfare in the Deputy Cominissioner's Office. the applicable percent to an amount equal Revenue Code of 1954 (relating to class lives Participated in Research Seminars Folicies to the sum of the items of tax preference." for depreciation allowance) is amended by for Child Development and Social Services (b) Section 56(b) of such Code (relating striking out the following: "The allowance Delivery Systems. to treatment of net operating losses) is so prescribed may (under regulations pre­ Mr. Mills B. Boon from Arlington, Tex.: amended by striking out "in excess of $30,- scribed by the Secretary or his delegate) per­ BA History from University of Texas at Ar­ 000" and by striking out "10 percent" in each mit a variance from any class life by not lington. Served with the Peace Corps in place it appears and inserting in lieu there­ more than 20 percent (rounded to the near­ Nepal. Cominunity Mental Health Trainee of "the applicable percent". est half year) of such life." under National Institute of Mental Health. (c) Section 56(c) of such Code (relating (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.-The amendment Suminer Intern at the Legislative Property to tax carryovers) is hereby repealed. made by subsection (a) shall apply only to Tax Cominission. Presently Intern in the Of­ (d) Section 56 of such Code is amended property- fice of Comprehensive Health Planning. Par­ by adding at the end thereof the following (!) the construction, reconstruction, or ticipated in Research Seminars State Tax: new subsection: erection of which is completed by the tax­ Policy & Programs and Impact of Environ­ " (d) APPLICABLE PERCENT.-For purposes Of payer after the date of enactment of this mental Impact Statements. this section, the applicable percent shall be Act, or Mr. Dean G. Breitinger from Hayward, a percent equal to one-half of the highest (2) acquired after the date of enactment California.: AB in Political Science from for the taxable year under section 1, section of this Act, (if the original use of the prop­ Duke University. Worked with New York Metropolitan Regional Commission on Coun­ 11, section 511, section 594, section 801, or erty commences with the taxpayer and section 851." cominences after such date. cil's Urban Corps Program. Summer Intern In applying this section in the case of prop­ in the Dallas Office of the City Manager. Par­ (e) Section 58 of such Code (relating to ticipated in Research Seminars Municipal rules for application of the minimum tax} is erty described in paragraph ( 1) , there shall Land Use Policies and Texas Property Tax amended by- be taken into account only that portion of Administration. ( 1) striking out subsections (b) and (c) the basis which is properly attributable to Mr. Jack Brock from Austin, Texas: BBA and redesignating subsections (d) through construction, reconstruction, or erection af­ (g) as (b) though (e) in Accounting from Texa-s Tech University. ter the date of enactment of this Act." MBA in Management from The University 190SO EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1973 of Texas at Austin. Summer Intern in the Participated in Research Seminars Munic­ Participated in Research Seminars State Tax u.S. Accounting Office Comptroller General. ipal Land Use Policies and Texas Property Policy & Programs and Social Services De­ Participated in Research Seminars Municipal Tax Administration. livery Systems. Land Use Policies and T1ial Court Manage­ Mr. J. Graham Hill, Jr. from Houston, Mr. James H. Thurmond from Refugio, ment. Texas: BA in History from University of Texas: BA in Government from Texas A&M Mr. Robert N. Campbell III from San Texas at Austin. Worked in various political University. Worked as Intern in Bryan City Antonio, Tex.: BA in Business and History campaigns writing speeches as youth coordi­ Manager's Office. Summer Intern in Denni­ from Austin College. President, Austin Col­ nator. son City Manager's Office. Participated in lege Student Body. Summer Intern with the Summer Intern at the Legislative Council. Research Seminars Municipal Land Use Poli­ State Department of Public Welfare in the Participated in Research Seminars State cies and Texas Property Tax Administration. Office of Deputy Commissioner. Participated Tax Policy & Programs and The Impact of Miss Barbara J. West from Fort Worth, in Research Seminars Municipal Land Use Environmental Impact Statements. Texas: AB in Far Eastern Language and Policies and Social Services Delivery Systems. Mr. David D. Jolly from Santa Clara, Calif.: Civilization from the University of Chicago. Mr. Harlan T. Cooper from El Paso, Texas: BA in Economics from University of Santa Member, Committee of Concerned Asian BA in Philosophy from the University of Clara. Worked as Tutor for Project 50; high Scholars. Presented on Japanese Nationalism, Texas at Austin. Worker as Copywriter, KBAR school minority college preparatory program. University of Chicago Symposium. Summer Radio. Lt. in the U.S. Army and served in Summer Intern with the Department of Ad­ Intern with the Mexican American Council Vietnam. Summer Intern at the Department ministration, Office of the Governor, Wiscon­ of Economic Progress. Participated in Re­ of Housing and Urban Development. Partici­ sin. search Seminars Policies for Child Develop­ pated in Research Seminars State Tax Policy Participated in Research Seminars Policies ment and Trial Court Management. and Programs and Social Services Delivery for Child Development and State Planning Mr. Gregory G. Young from Fort Worth, Systems. for Nuclear Power. Texas: AB in Government from Dartmouth. Miss Derrell B. DePasse from Chappaqua, Mr. Howard R. Lemcke, Jr. from Naper­ Worked two summers for HUD, Director of N.Y.: BA in Government from the University ville, Ill.: BS in Mechanical Engineering, Operations of HUD for hurricane in Corpus of Texas at Austin. Worked as Legislative Utah State University. Summer Intern in Christie one summer. Summer Intern with Intern for Congressman Paul Findley. Also the City Manager's Office, Corpus Christi. the Area Office of the Department of Housing worked as a Junior Analyst in the Manage­ Participated in Research Seminars Policies and Urban Development. Participated in Re­ ment Consulting firm C. W. Robinson, Inc. for Child Development and Trial Court Man­ search Seminars Policies for Child Develop­ Summer Intern in the Office of the Honorable agement. ment and State Planning for Nuclear Power. Wright Patman. Participated in Research Mr. John B. McCammon from St. Peters­ Mr. Robert Young from Austin, Texas: BA Seminars State Tax Policy & Programs and burg, Fla.: BA in Psychology from Davidson in Government from The University of Texas The Impact of Environmental Impact State­ College. Worked as Davidson College Urban at Austin. Worked on campaign staff to re­ ments. Recreation Worker in St. Petersburg and a elect Jeff Friedman. Summer Intern with the Miss M. Colleen Dolan from Amarillo, Member of Activities Grant Foundation. Honorable J. J. Pickle. Participated in Re­ Texas: BA in Government from Mt. St. Presently Intern in the Division of Planning search Seminars Municipal Land Use Policies Scholastica College. Student Body President. and Coordination, Office of the Governor. and Texas Property Tax Administration. Worked for the City of Amarillo Tax Office. Participated in Research Seminars Munic­ Mr. Thomas F. Zelenka from Portland, Summer Intern at the Office of the President, ipal Land Use Policies and Texas Property Oregon: BA in Government from Oberlin Oakland University. Presently Intern in the Tax Administration. College. Worked as Research Assistant for Office of Personnel, Oakland University. Par­ Mr. Jon Michaelson from San Diego, Calif.: North Portland Community Action Program. ticipated in Research Seminars State Tax BA in History from Pomona College. Worked Summer Intern with the Legislative Prop­ Policy & Programs and The Impact of En­ as VISTA supervisor, trainer, and volunteer. erty Tax Commission. Partici.pated in Re­ vironmental Impact Statements. Also Researcher for Scripps Institute of search Seminars Policies for Child Develop­ Mr. Michael D. Donovan from Somerville, Oceanography. Participated in Model UN ment and The Impact of Environmental Im­ Mass.: BA in Financial Management from Activities at Pomona College. Summer In­ pact Statements. Boston College. Served in the USAF. On the tern at the National Academy of Sciences, Board of Directors in Laredo JC's. Summer Div. of Behavorial Sciences. Participated in Intern in the Office of Deputy Director of Research Seminars Municipal Land Use Pol­ EXTENDING LEGAL SERVICES Personnel, Office of the Mayor, Boston. Partic­ icies and Trial Court Management. ipated in Research Seminars Municipal Land Mr. George Muller from Austin, Texas.: Use Policies and State Planning for Nuclear AB in Political Science from Rutgers Univer­ HON. WILLIAM D. FORD Power. sity, LLB-JD from Columbia Law School. OF MICHIGAN Mrs. Alicia D. Essary from Austin, Texas: Worked as a Corporate Lawyer for the firm IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AB in History from Brown University. Par­ Hahn, Laeser, Freedheim, Dean & Weilman. ticipated for two years in Intercollegiate Also worked as as Attorney-Advisory to the Monday, June 11, 1973 Debate. Summer Intern with the Capitol Review Board of the Federal Communications Mr. WILLIAM D. FORD. Mr. Speaker, Area Planning Council. Participated in Re­ Commission. Mid-Career student sponsored search Seminar Municipal Land Use Policies by the Department of Commerce, Economic I have come upon an interesting and en­ and Social Services Delivery Systems. Development Administration. Participated in lightened editorial from the Minneapolis Mr. Bruce H. Esterline from Claremont, Research Seminars Municipal Land Use Pol­ Star, dated June 2, 1973. It endorses H.R. Calif.: BA in History from Stanford Uni­ icies and Research Associate with the Impact 77 and opposes any attempt to amend it. versity. Served in the U.S. Army. Active in of Environmental Impact Statements. It is significant since H.R. 77 will be on the 1968 Presidential Campaign, worked for Mr. Joseph O'Neill from Dallas, Texas.: BA the floor of the House tomorrow. Senator Humphrey. Summer Intern with the in Government from Harvard University. EXTENDING LEGAL SERVICES Humphrey for President Committee. Pres­ Worked for the City of Dallas Urban Planner ently Intern with the Department of Early and was a member of Goals for Dallas Wel­ A bill to improve legal services that passed Childhood Development. Participated in Re­ fare Commission. Summer Intern with the the Senate 79 to 15 is now before the House, search Seminars Policies for Child Develop­ CEMSA/MSC Project, Lyndon B. Johnson where it deserves similar success. ment and The Impact of Environmental Im­ Space Center. Presently Intern in Senator There is no disagreement that all citizens pact Statements. Lloyd Bentsen's Office. Participated in Re­ should have a chance to get competent legal Mr. Kenneth F. Ferguson from Austin, search Seminars Policies for Child Develop­ services, but the cost is beyond the purse Texas: BBA in Management from University ment and The Impact of Environmental Im­ of an estimated 150 million Americans with of Texas in Austin. Worked for Bandlin Co. pact Statements. moderate incomes. While that does not mean Real Estate Agency. Summer Intern in the to suggest people at the lower income levels Mr. Milind Patti from Bombay, India.: FY are f"Lllly served by federally-funded and oth­ Dallas Regional Office of GAO. Participat~d & BT in Science and Engineering from the er "poverty laws" plans, the stress of the in Research Seminars Municipal Land Use University of Bombay and Indian Institute Policies and State Planning for Nuclear bill is to fill a gap that isn't understood or of Technology. Worked as Assistant Project as dramatically portrayed. Power. Manager in Indian Electronics and as a As the House Education and Labor Com­ Miss Sharon Gillespie from Austin, Texas: Company Representative in Air Frame Prod­ BA in Government from Rice University. mittee's report noted, moderate-income ucts. Summer Intern with the State De­ Americans have the same need for adequate Summer Intern at the Brookings Institute. partment of Public Welfare, Deputy Com­ Participated in Research seminars Policies legal help as the poor in such areas as land­ missioner. Participated in Research Seminars lord-tenant, credit-squeeze, consumer, prop­ for Child Development and Impact of En­ Policies for Child Development and State erty and family law situations. vironmental Impact Statements. Planning for Nuclear Power. The bill amends the Labor Management Mr. William C. Hamilton from Houston, Mr. Paul E. Shoemaker from Albuquerque, Relations Act to permit employer contribu­ Texas: BA in Government & Economics from N.M.: BS in Physics from N.M. Institute of tions to jointly administered trust funds set Austin College. Student Body Vice President, Mining and Technology. Worked as Admin­ up by unions to defray the costs of legal Austin, College. Intern with City Manager istrative Assistant to the President of the services for workers, their families and de­ in Sherman, Texas. Su~er Intern with the College. Intern in IRS in Washington, D.C. pendents. Except in workmen's compensa­ Southeast Texas Regional Planning Commit­ as Systems Analyst Trainee. Also Summer tion cases, the bill bans use of such funds tee. Intern to IRS, Southwestern Regional Office. against employers. June 11, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19081 An effort to weaken the legislation by giv­ parent when considering the special ior citizen housing-and the U.S. Hous­ ing the employer a free hand to refuse to needs and circumstances which accom­ ing Act of 1937-a program for low-rent bargain at all about such plans lost 26 to 66 pany old age. Older persons are often the public housing. in the Senate. The same kind of amendment is expected to come up again in the House, victims of physical handicaps. Many Facilities which do not comply with where it should again be defeated. have difficulty walking; many suffer from these requirements may not receive hearing impediments; and others have mortgage insurance, direct loans, or any impaired visior. other type of financial assistance from If the Federal Government is going to the Federal Housing Administration. HIGH-RISE FIRE SAFETY assist in providing low-cost housing for Second. In order to facilitate compli­ our Nation's elderly, then clearly we have ance with these requirements, title II of an obligation to assure that such housing this legislation establishes a program of HON. WILLIAM J. KEATING is in conformance with adequate fire insw·ed J.oans, and where appropriate di­ OF OHIO safety standards. rect ~oans, to be granted in accordance IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Specifically, there are three broad with fair and reasonable standards, to Monday, June 11, 1973 categories of senior citizen housing which the o"Nners or sponsors of senior citizen require our attention: those facilities housing facilities. Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, today I which are in the planning stage, those Where these requirements apply to fa­ am introducing legislation to require facilities which are under construction cilities constructed under a mortgage in­ compliance with the National Fire Pro­ at this time, and those facilities which surance program, authority is given to tection Association's Life Safety Code have already bee: completed and which the Secretary of Housing and Urban De­ for all multifamily housing facilities are now occupied. velopment to extend the program of for the elderly. This legislation also pro­ On January 20 of this year, the Office mortgage insurance to include loans vides adequate and reasonable financial of Technical and Credit Standards of the made for the purpose of purchasing fire assistance to the owners or sponsors of Federal Housing Administration pub­ safety equipment necessary to comply these facilities for the purchase of the lished in the Federal Register a draft with the provisions of the Life Safety necessary fire safety equipment. copy of revised fire protection standards Code. Such mortgage insurance shall be This bill represents the culmination of for multifamily housing for senior citi­ granted with a view toward assuring the more than 6 months of study into the zens. I believe these proposed standards, continued availability of low-cost hous­ fire safety problems associated with to govern the co!lstruction of future in;; for the elderly. senior citizen housing. After the tragic housing facilities for th~ elderly, are Where these requirements apply to fires in New Orleans and Atlanta during meaningful and adequate. senior citizen housing constructed under the last week of November 1972, inten­ These Jtandards, however, reflect no a direct loan program, authority is given sive inquiries were made with a view ongoing effort to strengthen the fire to the Secretary of Housing and Urban toward strengthening those fire safety safety standards applicable to existing Development to extend direct loans to standards currently applicable to hous­ senior citizen housing. Nor do these the owners or sponsors of the facilities ing for senior citizens. proposed standards reflect any effort to for the purpose of purchasing the fire As a consequence of the New Orleans improve the fire safety conditions of safety equipment necessary to comply fire and the Atlanta fire, 16 persons were senior citizen housing now under con­ with the Life Safety Code. Again, these killed and 33 persons were seriously in­ struction. loans are to be made in an amount which jured, while the total property damage It is certainly recognized that where takes into consideration the necessity exceeded $1 million. existing contracts are in force, between to assure continued availabilitJ of low­ Unfortunately, this kind of senseless the Federal Housing Administration and cost housing for the elderly. fire loss is not uncommon in the United the owners or sponsors of existing proj­ In the case of low-rent public housing, States. The National Commission on Fire ects, there are limitations on what may the Secretary of Housing and Urban Prevention and Control estimates that be accomplished in this area. Development shall have the authority to more than 12,000 lives are lost each year Given this situation, and given these make loans to the appropriate local hous­ in this country as a result of fire, while problems in developing meaningful and ing authority, or other authorized pub­ property losses from fires exceed $3 bil­ fair solutions to the fire safety problems lic agency, for the purpose of upgrading lion annually. in senior citizens housing, I am today those facilities. There can be no question of the Fed­ introducing legislation which will accom­ This legislation states that no assist­ eral responsibilities in this area. The plish the following objectives: ance to any public agency with respon­ Baptist Towers in Atlanta is reserved ex­ First. All multifamily housing facili­ sibility for low-rent public housing may clusively for tenants over the age of 62, ties which are occupied in whole or sub­ provide a basis for increa3ing the amount and the facility was financed through the stantial part by senior citizens, on the of rent levied on occupants on this public Federal Government's section 236 inter­ date of the enactment of this act, where housing. est-subsidy program. such facilities have been constructed This legislation also states that noth­ When fil'e broke out in the Baptist with Federal :fJlancial assistance, shall ing in the above authorization for assist­ Towers, the building had only been oc­ be in compliance with the provisions of ance shall be construed to effect the eli­ cupied for 8 months, and it was in full the Life Safety Code. Two years from gibility of any facility covered under the compliance with State and local building the date of the enactrr.ent of this act, the codes. Yet 10 persons died in that build­ act for assistance currently applicable ing on November 30, and 31 more per­ Secretary of Housing and Urban Devel­ under any other Federal program. sons were seriously injured. Clearly, opment shall publish ln the Federal Reg­ Third. This legislation further author­ something is wrong. ister a complete list of all federally re­ izes the Secretary of Housing and Urban Moreover, the fire in the Baptist Tow­ lated housing facilities which are not in Development, upo!1 a finding that any ers broke out on the seventh story­ compliance with these requirements. housing facility covered under this act within reach of the firefighters who were For those senior citizens housing facil­ is not meeting the requirements of the able to rescue some individuals from ities which are already in existence or Life Safety Code, to take such action as their windows. under construction, this will be accom­ may be necessary to secure from any What if this fire had broken out on plished to the extent possible and to the U.S. district court, or any other court the lOth floor, or the 11th floor-beyond extent feasible under existing law. For of competent jurisdiction within the the reach of conventional firefighting senior citizen housing which is to be con­ United States, an appropriate order re­ equipment? structed at some future date, this re­ quiring compliance with such require­ Clearly, something needs to be done quirement will be absolute. ments. to prevent future t.ragedies of this kind. This requirement will be applicable to If the Secretary of Housing and Urban While single-fire deaths are probably in­ all facilities constructed under sections Development wishes to require more evitable, multiple-fire deaths are avoid­ 221d3, 231, and 236 of the National Hous­ stringent standards than those of the able if proper fire safety techniques are ing Act-mortgage insurance programs Life Safety Code to future senior citizen employed. governing senior citizen housing--section housing projects, this will present no The need for constructive solutions to 202 of the National Housing Act of conflict with the provisions of this legis­ this problem becomes even more ap- 1959-a program of direct loans for sen- lation.

/ 19082 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1973 With respect to existing seni-or citizen are growing more urban by the minute, those in the lower earning bracket to housing, and such housing now under we need to listen to those close to the buy more food. A higher proportion of construction, when there are instances soil to get a better understanding of the each new dollar added to those in lower where present law will allow the Sec­ production process lest we make urban income levels go for food than do com­ retary to impose additional fire safety judgments to solve rural-based prob­ parable dollar increases to those in requirements on the owner or sponsor lems. higher income levels. A person in the of the facilities, this bill will require the The first thing we must recognize is higher income bracket can eat only so Secretary to act. that while food prices are higher than much food. Where such additional requirements they have been in the past, this does not Starting in September 1972, we may not be imposed, due either to lack of necessarily mean they are higher than pumped $10 billion more into our an­ authority by the Secretary or due to a they should be in comparison to the cost nual expenditures for social security binding, existing legal contract, it is of other goods and services. If we found and medicare benifits. When the elderly hoped that the reasonable loan and loan food costs too high in this country com­ get additional income directly through guarantee provisions of the bill will pro­ pared to food costs in other countries, too social security or indirectly through vide the incentive necessary to make high in comparison to the cost of other medicare, which frees income from other senior citizen housing facilities safe from goods and services, or too higb in com­ sources, they usually do not spend it on the hazards of fire. parison to the cost of production, then a bigger car or bigger house. Much of Taking the long view, I believe that we could legitimately say food costs are this money went into the market to bid several years from now, with the ex­ too high. up food. pected large numbers of senior citizen Until we can do these things, we should Last year we had a 17-percent increase housing facilities which will be in com­ look elsewhere before being so quick to in the volume of food stamps issued. Of pliance with the Life Safety Code, the point to the price of food as the reason course, all of this went into the market to very existence of these facilities should the consumer has trouble balancing the bid up food. We had a change of policy bring competitive presSUl·es to bear on home budget. Trying to repair a watch in Russia and China relative to their at­ those facilities which are not in compli­ or TV that is not broken in the first place titudes in feeding their people which was ance with the code's fire safety pro­ is expensive, produces no benefits, is accompanied by a change in their trade visions to make use of the reasonable disruptive, and often leaves the TV or attitudes toward the United States, which loan features set forth in this bill. watch in worse condition than it was in was also ~companied by bad crop years It should be emphasized that the Life the first place. Before one opens up a fine in these two as well as other countries. Safety Code is not an overly restrictive, timepiece, he had better be sure it is first Had they bought grain elsewhere instead unreasonable set of fire safety standards. in need of repair. of the United States, it would have had The Life Safety Code of the National I say this because most of the legisla­ a similar effect of driving up the price Fire Protection Association contains nu­ tive approaches that I have heard which of grain on the world market. merous built-in trade-offs, specifically are designed to "repair" the food-pro­ All of this was accompanied by an in­ designed to provide a reasonable and fair ducing mechanism in America offered creased standard of living throughout measure of those fire safety standards results only in discouraging production, the world, especially in the have-not na­ which taken together constitute effective which not only means higher food prices tions where we find a high percentage of fire protection conditions. in the long run but also means a lessen­ the increased income-similar to in­ Mr. Speaker, the tragic fires in Atlanta ing of our ability to reverse the runaway creased incomes to lower income persons and New Orleans which claimed the lives balance of trade deficit with the one in this country-going for food. of 16 persons should serve as a grim product we produce cheap enough to be To fan the fires of consumer demand reminder of the work which needs to be competitive on the world market. for food, we have had two devaluations done in this area. We have a responsi­ There are four things I would like to of the American dollar in 14 months bility to assure that our Nation's elderly, briefly discuss with the Members of this which made American-produced food a who present some very special fire safety body. One is what caused food prices to better buy abroad and we have had run­ problems, are not housed in facilities go up. The second relates more specifi­ away inflation which has put more dol­ which offer substandard fire protection. cally to what caused food prices to go up lars on the market to bid up the price I believe the enactment of this legis­ so suddenly. The third deals with the big of food. lation will bring us further toward the question of whether or not food prices, Now you may ask, Why have food goal of fulfilling our responsibilities to which admittedly are higher, are too high prices increased so suddenly? If we could our older Americans, and I urge the Con­ in relation to food costs elsewhere, in explain this to the consumer, she would gress to act promptly in order that we relation to cost of production, and in not be so angry at t.he producer. The an­ may avoid future tragedies of the kind relation to the costs of other goods and swer is quite simple: Demand for food which occurred in Atlanta and New services. The fourth point I want to dis­ is inelastic. As we seek ways to handle Orleans. cuss has to do with the short and long the gasoline shortage, we may find that term effects of some of the legislation demand for gasoline is also inelastic. designed to lower food prices which this Technically, the relationship between FOOD PRICES body will be asked to consider. price and purchasing rate, which is In looking at the cause of the increase known as the elasticity of demand, ex­ HON. JERRY LITTON in food prices, we find a combination of presses the percentage change in the OF MISSOURI economic factors rather than a conspir­ buying rate divided by the percentage acy on the part of the farmers of Amer­ change in price. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ica. Most of these factors increased the In simpler terms, where increases in Monday, June 11, 1973 demand for food which drove food prices price are not met by comparable de­ Mr. LITTON. Mr. Speaker, increased upward and if the market is permitted creases in purchases, we recognize this food prices, complaints from consumers, to work its will without outside inter­ as representative of inelastic demand for and the desire on the part of Congress­ ference, these higher food prices will be that particular product or line of men who represent largely urban dis­ sufficient incentive to the producer to in­ products. tricts to do something to satisfy these ci·ease his production which in turn will In times when more money is avail­ complaints causes me to fear that this drive food prices downward. able the consumer may buy more food, Congress may overreact and pass hasty Among those economic factors which but not much more, because one can legislation in times of high emotion brought about increased demand for only eat so much food. This is why a which will not only do damage to rural food is that of increasing income. In the higher proportion of increases on the America and hurt our economy, but will last 25 years, per capita disposable in­ lowe1· end of the wage scale--as opposed hurt the consumer in the long run. come in this country has increased 223 to those on the higher end-find their As one who has been a farmer all of percent. In the last 20 years, wages have way into the food market. my life and only recently a Congressman, gone up 2¥.z times. Since 1965, per capita Because of inelastic demand for food, perhaps my thoughts might be looked income has increased 62 percent. Mini­ this also means that a slight increase in upon as being prejudiced. But at a time mum wage laws-recently increased by food supply results in sharply decreasing when both this Congress and the country this body-have increased the ability of prices. Again this is true because one can June 11, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19083 only eat so much food. By the same factured product, but it cannot tell its desired, cooked, seasoned, and ready to token, slight decreases in food supply buyer it is out of food and to come lJack serve. The 80 percent of income in Asia result in sharply increasing food prices. in a few weeks. Food demand abroad is buys a chicken hanging by its neck from It is thought a 1 percent decrease in the inelastic too, you know. a roadside market. · supply of food results in a 3 or 4 percent At this point I think it would be well While percentage of income spent for increase in price. If demand for food to inject a thought that is perhaps over­ food in America has been dropping, the were elastic like demand for many other looked by some. Cries against any Fed­ quality of the food has been increasing­ products, we would find a 1 percent de­ eral expenditure designed to help the along with the convenience side of it. In crease in supply would bring about a farmer often are the loudest in those 1972, 65 percent of the beef produced in comparable 1 percent increase in price. areas with a higher than average propor­ the United States was of choice or prime When we have a slight decrease in tion of people in the low income bracket. quality, four times the percentage pro­ supply and prices go up sharply, we find And yet any such expenditures, which duced 20 years earlier. And yet when people buying almost as much food as reduce the cost of an essential item like beef prices at the farm level in 1972 they did at lower prices because people food which must be purchased by both reached their previous high of 20 years must eat. the rich and the poor, help the poor far earlier, people complained. What else Two things affect the elasticity of de­ more than the rich since a higher per­ sells at the price it sold for 20 years ago mand. One involves the essential nature centage of their income goes for food. even without quality improvement? of the product or service and the other This, then, takes us to the third point­ It is true food prices in the last 25 involve:; the price as it relates to the is food too high in this country compared years-1947-72-have increased 74.9 per­ role performed by the product or service. to food costs elsewhere, too high in com­ cent. It is also true that during the same Water, air, and food are all essential to parison to the cost of other products and 25-year-period, per capita disposable in­ human beings. People must have them services, or too high in relation to the come increased 223.2 percent. It is true regardless of the price. The less essential cost of production? food costs to the consumer are one-third the item, the more elastic the demand for The answer to all three is no. When higher than they were 20 years ago, but the item becomes. Gasoline is not as es­ traveling abroad an often asked ques­ it is also true that wages are 2 Y2 times sential, but it is certainly more essential tion is-why do Americans have so many higher. It is also true that retail food than many luxury items. It is also priced nice things? Of course there are many prices since 1965 have increased 33 per­ low in relation to what it does for the reasons. One big reason is because only cent, but during this same period, per consumer. around 16 percent of the disposable in­ capita income has increased 62 percent. If you increase gasoline prices slightly, come of the American consumer goes for By the end of 1973 food prices are ex­ it is doubtful that many people will re­ food. In England it is 25 percent, in Japan pected to be 43 percent higher than they duce their purchases of gasoline accord­ it is 35 percent, in Russia it is 58 per­ were in 1963. That is an annual average . ingly. Here we are not speaking of an ab­ cent and in Asia it is 80 percent. When 50 increase of 4.3 percent. However, per solutely essential item, but one priced . to 80 percent of your disposable income capita disposable income increased 73.4 low enough that slight increases do not goes for food, you do not have much percent-an annual increase of 6. 7 per­ result in a similar decrease in demand. left over. But when only 16 percent goes cent-between 1960 and 1971, and social If you were to increase gasoline to a dol­ for food, you have enough left over to security benefits for retired persons in­ lar a gallon, you might find you would buy such things as a second car, a color creased 84 percent-an average annual have altered the cost-benefit ratio of gas­ TV, and many of the things Americans increase of 7.5 percent-during the past oline to the consumer to such a degree are known to own. Why do Americans 11 years. that it would meet with a more elastic have so many of these luxury items-one Twenty years ago the average house­ d~mand. At this point-and probably reason is because . of low food prices­ hold spent $985 per year for food. In sooner-people .would buy smaller cars, the lowest in terms of percent of dispos­ 1972 this had increased to $1 ,311. Had take fewer trips, live closer to their work, able income of any country in the world. food prices risen as much as industrial and so forth. With a higher percentage of their in­ wages, the family annual food costs In food we have a product that is es­ c~me going for food in other countries, would have increased to ·$2,365 instead sential. It is not essential in its conven­ increases in food prices in other coun­ of $1,311. ience form-a chicken cut in the pieces tries would work a far greater hardship During the boycotts, proud farmers you like and ready to serve as opposed on the average citizen than would be the and their families watched in dismay as to a live chicken the consumer would case in the United States. From Decem­ boycotters shouted on TV that they have to kill, clean and cook-but like ber 1971 to December 1972, while food could not boycott meat because it was gasoline the convenience is priced low prices were going up 4.8 percent in the already so high they could not afford in relation to its value to the consumer. United States, food prices went up 7.7 it. And yet the facts are that in 1950 All of this is meant to say that slight percent in Canada. 7.9 percent in the the per capita consumption of beef in decreases in food supply result in sharp United Kingdom, 8 percent in Germany, the United States was 63.4 pounds and increases in food p1·ices because of the 8.4 percent in Italy, and 8.7 percent in in 1972 it was 115.9 pounds. inelasticity of food demand, and that the France. An hour's wages-private, nongovern­ demand for food is inelastic for the rea­ In the last quarter of 1972 sirloin steak ment, nonagricultural, and nonsupervi­ sons I have just mentioned. averaged $1.69 per pound in Washing­ sory workers-buys nearly 3 pounds of To protect both the consumer and pro­ ton, D.()., $1.88 in London, $2.08 in Bonn, beef today compared to 1.8 pounds in ducer from such widely fluctuating mar­ $2.57 in Paris, $2.79 in Rome, and $11.90 1950. An hour's wages for construction ket conditions, the Government has often in Tokyo. workers bought 2.5 pounds of beef in 1950 been more involved in the farming pic­ In 1930 the American public spent 24 and now it buys 4.9 pounds. If beef prices ture than either the producer or con­ percent of its disposable income on food had increased as much in the past 20 sumer would have liked. Keep in mind products. In 1940 it was 22 percent, in years as wages, they would be more than that millions of independent producers­ 1960 it was 20 percent, in 1971 it drop­ twice as high at the farm level. American farmers-cannot be as ac­ ped to 15.8 percent, in 1972 it was 15.7 When you look at the job the farmer curate in predicting not only what the percent, and in 1973 it is estimated to be has done at the farm price level, you consumer will demand, but what they­ 15.5 percent. realize how unfair some have been to ac­ the producers-will eventually produce, Not only is the average American con­ cuse him for the food price increases or to as can the four major automobile manu­ sumer spending less and less of her dis­ want to hurt him economically as would facturers in America. posable income-in terms of percent­ much of the legislation that has been Our Government has also been in­ age-each year on food and less than proposed. volved because it knows the important the average consumer-again in terms of For example, farm prices for food are role farm exports play in our balance of percentage of disposable income-in any only up 6 percent over 20 years ago while trade and that to maintain a good ex­ country in the world but she is getting wholesale food prices are up 20 percent port market we must be able to guaran­ more and more in terms of quality, con­ and retail food prices are up 43 percent. tee our foreign buyers a steady supply. venience, and variety. While the total cost of a loaf of bread A foreign business can tell its buyer to ThE> 16 percent of the disposable in­ rose from 13% cents in 1947 to 24.8 cents wait a few weeks for a particular manu- come buys a chicken cut in the pieces in 1971, the total wheat cost per loaf 19084 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1973 dropped from 2.7 cents to 2.6 cents. If the be a problem in America today and nei­ When I returned to my district during farmer gave his com away, we could re­ ther would we be experiencing such a the middle of the boycotts, I found farm­ duce the cost of a 32-cent box of com trade deficit. ers and cattlemen selling heifers they had flakes by 8.2 cents. The box costs more Were it not for farm exports, our Na­ originally intended to keep to produce than that. We could also reduce the cost tion would have had a balance of trade more beef in the future. Money that was of a dollar's worth of canned com by deficit of $10 billion last year. As it was, to have gone for machinery to feed in­ 11 cents. the deficit was $6.8 billion. It was $2.4 creased beef cow herds was being diverted we have known for some time that billion in 1971. The last 2 years were the to other areas. The consumer, along with farmers were receiving less for their first years since 1893 that the great pro­ urging from others through her boy­ labor than nonfarmers, almost irregard­ ductive America has bought more goods cotts and television statements, had suc­ less of what formula you used. Most than it sold. ceeded in discouraging increased beef formulas were not favorable to the Some fear we will have a trade deficit production instead of encouraging it, and farmer. Often his income was figured in oil alone by 1980 of $18 billion. Some this means she will get higher meat on the same base as a laborer even economists say that without increasing prices or meat shortages for her efforts. though the farm should be figured as our exports, this level of added imports Beef cattle represents a high-invest­ a business just like General Motors, with would bankrupt our country. Where can ment industry. To make long-term in­ consideration given for return on capital, we go to reverse our trade deficit? As I vestments in beef, one must anticipate a management and labor. said earlier, we had a deficit of $10 bil­ good and stable market in the future. For example a farmer with assets of lion in manufactured goods last year. With boycotts, along with threatened $200,000 should receive $14,000 a year This leaves only farm goods where we ceilings and rollbacks, farmers were not income-a 7 percent return on his in­ had a surplus of exports over imports of encouraged to make long-range beef vestment--before you even start fi6Ur­ nearly $3.2 billion-after eliminating a investments. ing his return for management or labor. billion in concessions. On March 15, 1973, the President said Some economists use 5 percent of gross I might add that in most cases, for­ food ceilings would not work. On March to establish a return for management in eign countries are far tougher on our 29, 1973, he placed a ceiling on meat some fields. Many who compute the farm exports--in terms of quotas and prices. On May 1, 1973, soybean meal had farmer's income omit consideration for duties-than they are on our manufac­ increased $100 per ton and corn had in­ either management or return on his in­ tured goods, and they often do far more creased 35 cents per bushel. Since then vestment and compare his return on an to subsidize their producers. In spite of corn and soybean meal have continued identical base with the average working­ this, our farm goods still compete. As a their climb. Other feeds have also in­ man, including omission of consideration group, if they can compete under these creased. Farmers and feeders are for hours worked on the farm by mem­ conditions and produce a surplus in trade squeezed between increasing costs of pro­ bers of the family. while manufactured goods represent a duction-including a higher minimum Here on the floor of the House we $10 billion deficit, how can anyone say wage imposed by this body-and a ceil­ heard many of our colleagues recently our farm goods are too high? How can ing price on their end product. speak on the subject of minimum wages. they be too high if they represent the one Who is being hurt? The consumer may We heard it said by many Congressmen area of production in this country priced think she is benefiting by the ceiling. that $1.60 per hour was below the poverty cheaply enough to compete on the world She may also think the farmer is the one level and that in 20 of our States, this market? who is being hurt. While the farmer is is less than one receives when on welfare There was a time when there were being hurt, he is not being hurt nearly as and food stamps. Based on the vote of sufficient numbers of Congressmen !rom much as the consumer. 287 to 130 to increase the minimum wage farm districts to see that legislation The farmer and feeder is no dummy. from $1.60 to $2.20, it would appear that damaging to rural America did not pass. When his cost of production exceeds his this body feels $1.60 per hour is not high Such is not the case today. In 1960 there income, he sells. When he loses money enough. were 31 U.S. Congressmen from districts each time he puts on a pound of beef It may surprise this body to learn that with more than 25 percent of the popu­ on a critter in the feedlot--which is the in 1971 after giving the farmer a 7-per­ lation being rural-farm. Today there are case today depending on the price of the cent return on his business assets--near only five, and my district is not one of the feeders-he sells. When he sells a steer the level of return the farmer could ex­ five. My district has less than 15 per­ at 900 pounds instead of 1,200 pounds, pect to get if he sold out and just drew cent rural-farm. In 1960, 230 Congress­ that is 300 pounds that will never see the interest without much risk, management men had districts where more than half light of day. or labor-he received a total of 74 cents of their population lived on farms or in The calves following their mothers in an hour for his labor. This is not figuring towns of 2,500 or less. Today there are pastures throughout rural America a penny for his management. Last year's only 85. In 1954, 165 Congressmen had represent the beef we will have available figure was 81 cents an hour. I hope those districts that were 20 percent or more in American supermarkets in about a who voted for minimum wage increases rural-farm and today there are only 14. year. There is nothing we can do within will keep this in mind when a farm bill What does this mean? It means that reason to increase their numbers. Right with support prices at break-even levels if rural America is to have a standard o! now we permit an unlimited amount of is brought before this body. living anywhere near that of urban beef to come into this country without If the farmer is doing so well, why is it America and the American farmer is to any quota or duty. We can decrease their that tens of thousands of them are leav­ be granted a reasonable level of income, numbers as was the case this winter due ing the farms every year? Why have we it will happen because of an understand­ to weather. And we can decrease the lost an average of 100,000 of them an­ ing urban Congress. tonnage they produce by imposing ceil­ nually since 1960? If the farmer is doing It also means that if urban America is ings which make it unprofitable for feed­ so well, why has his farm debt since 1960 to be well-fed, this same urban Congress ers to feed them to heavier weights. increased 400 percent? If the farmer is must be able to understand the farm The rollback would have been even doing so well, why is it his nonfarm in­ production process and those factors more disasterous by putting tens of come-that of those classified as farm­ which in:fluence this production. thousands of producers out of business ers-has averaged greater than his farm For example, we recently went overnight. income since 1960? through a situation where consumers We face a dilemma today. Consumer Inflation has caused higher food prices were boycotting meat. Some encouraged demands for food are increasing both at as well as higher prices of other goods this. Prior to the boycotts the cattlemen home and abroad. We need to attack in­ and services. Is the farmer to blame? and farmers in my district were talking :flation by being more productive, and What causes inflation? It is caused by a about keeping back heifer replacements, who is more productive than the farmer? shortage of goods and services in relation We need to stabilize the weakening to dollars. The man-hour output of the saving cows, buying additional females, American dollar, reverse the trade defi­ farmworker has increased more than increasing their investments in both cow cit, offset the oil imports that are sure to twice as much as the nonfarmworker in herds and machinery to feed them. They increase, and reverse our balance-of­ the past 20 years. If the nonfarmworker were doing this because bee! prices were payments situation. has increased his productivity as much going up and it appeared a stable market In view of these pressing needs, now as the farmworker, inflation would not for beef was ahead. is not the time to be talking of boycotts, June 11, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19085 ceilings, rollbaeks o:r ether intimidations I have found a decided difference of ~pin­ Many have received almost immediate of the farme11 which instead of en­ ion. The tabulation is continuing and' the application throughout our industry. couraging him to produce more', serve complete results of the poll wm be an­ There is also a large group of develop­ only to disoomrage :him from inereasing nounced when this work is completed. ments wbidl. hold great potential for fu­ production. Givelil p.troper profit motive, The return has been excellent and I ex­ ture, impm-tance to this Nation and the understanding on your part, and a pect additional thousands of ballots in world. Anumg these are devices called reason to believe that he can look for­ the days ahead. fuel cells hich produce clean electric ward to a good market in the future, The questions asked in this third an­ power. Mr. Robert W. Wells, in a May you will see the American farmer produce nual poll with the "yes" and "no" per­ 12, 1973, article in the National Observer, like he has never produced before. centages on each of the questions are describes the adoption of the fuel cell included herewith so that my colleagues technology by-American industry and its can see how opinion is running in the willingness to invest in fuel cell tech­ Third District of Tennessee: nology ed on the successes of using SAMPLING OF RETURNS IN THIRD LAMAR BAKER'S 1973 OPINION PE>E.L these devices in our national space pro­ DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE OPIN­ QUESTIONNAIRE gram. The article follows: ION POLL QUESTIONNAIRE RE­ 1. Should strikers be eligible to receive feed [From the National Observer, May 12, 1973) VEALS STRONG FEELINGS ON stamps? POLLUTION:t.ESS POWER SOURCE TESTED: FUEl. VITAL ISSUES [In percent] CELLS FOR HOME USE? 1Ces ------19 (:By Robert W. Wells) ~0 ------81 Fuel cells, the devices that were the main HON. LAMAR BAKER 2. Should we return to mandatory wage and price oontrols on aJI goods and services? source o~ eleetFleal power for the Apollo OF TENNESSEE space e:raft, hol promise as one way to pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1Ces ------54 duce electricity without polluting the envi­ ~0 ------46 3. Would you favor U.S. assistance in re- ronment mu&11. The main problem is that Monday, June 11, 1973 for now the method is too expensive for building ~orth Viet ~am? Mr. BAKER. Mr. Speaker, residents widespread use. of the Third District of Tennessee are 1Ces ------6 But some gas and electric companies aim ~0 ------94 now returning their ballots in my third 4. Would you support establishing some to market a practical, commercial fuel-cell annual opinion poll and I :find that they conditions whereby amnesty could be ex­ system by 1976. Their :first major efforts to do tended to draft evaders? so have just ended, and a spokesman pro­ are taking strong positions on several claims "dramatically encouraging results." of the most pressillg issues of the day. 1res ------15 Fuel cells convert chemical energy intO' ~0 ------85 Tabulation of a re}>resentative sample 5. Should the death penalty be selectively elootrical ene:rgy through separation and of these returns from all 11 coun­ reinst ted? combination of hydrogen a.nd oxygen. In one ties of the Third District indicates that experiment here, the Wisconsin Gas Co. says 1res ------86 my constituents are firm in their op­ fuel cells provided about 75 per cent of the ~0 ------14 position to making strikers eligible for 6. Do you consider the Watergate incident power needed by four mobile homes for four food stamps. They are as overwhelming a reflection on the President's integrity? months. John Brady, assistant vice president of the in their stand against giving aid to North Yes ------42 company, says !!imllar experiments were con­ in ~0 ------58 Vietnam as they are granting amnesty 7. W&Uld you favor establlshing a disas- ducted in 37 other locations in the United to draft evaders in this country. They are ter fund financed by a surcha.Fge on casualty States, C'\ulada, and Japan by a nonprofit con­ also against any increase in taxes even insurance plus a federal contribution? sortium 6f a5 gas and. elootric companies. if it means sacrificing some of the Fed­ 1res ------40 S{)M!E PRC>BLEMS DISCUSSED eral programs now in operation. They ~0 ------60 "I don't think there's any question but look with skepticism on the fairness of 8. Should a newsman be required to reveal that the fuel cell will work technically," news reporting and my constituents have the sources of his published statements Brady says. "The only real pzoblem. left is to taken a stand against a disaster fund to where slander is involVed? reduce the c€1St." be underwritten by a surcharge on casu­ 1res ------64 There w;e:re a few problems in the Milwau­ ~0------36 kee experiment. Brady says the cells broke alty insurance premium plus a contribu­ 9. Do you consider newspapers and T.V. as tion from the Federal Government. down six times during the experiment, forc­ fairly presenting all sides of most news is­ ing an automa.tic switch to power-company The sample tabulation shows that the sues? linen. But he says causes o! the breakdowns residents of the Third District are in 1res ------30 were known and could be eliminated. Once a favor of reinstating the death penalty for ~0 ------70 10. Should a non-union worker have ale- water line connooted to a cell froze. This certain crimes. They also favor the legal was corrected by improved insulation. his gal right to work on a job even though a ma­ right of a nonunion worker to keep jority of the workers have veted for a closed "Then the weather turned unexpectedly job even though a majority of the work­ shop? warm and it overheated," says Brady. So ers have voted for a closed shop. other insulation was developed that work­ In the ballots tabulated so far, there 1res ------78 ed in either hot or cold weather. ~0 ------22 Once, a cell was shut dMASSACHUSETTS the time. Court in Baltimore in ruling on a suit filed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by Maryland officials. EDA is needed, at least until special And the 4th U.S. Court of Appeals, re­ Monday, June 11, 1973 revenue sharing is passed and imple­ jecting a request by Justice Department at­ Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I mented to take its place. torneys representing the administration, re­ support H.R. 2246, a bill to extend and Even if revenue sharing is passed by fused to block Northrop's order while the amend the Public Works and Economic Congress, it cannot take effect until July administration works up a formal appeal. The Maryland case represented another Development Act of 1965. 1974. The authorization for existing e<(o­ embarrassing court defeat on impoundment The administration has offered no nomic development programs terminates for the administration-its eighth loss in a sound arguments for terminating the on June 30, 1973. This 1-year gap could row. economic development assistance pro­ severely cripple this program and quite Federal judges have ruled that impound­ gram. It has claimed that the accom­ possibly wipe out the economic gains that ment was unlawful in cases involving water plishments of EDA programs have fallen have been made. Economic development pollution, highway, Indian education, vet­ far short of expectations, that the pro­ is a slow, careful, step-by-step process erans education, housing and welfare funds. that is very vulnerable to any changes Clearly, impoundment has turned into a grams lead to Federal involvement where legal disaster area for the administration. it is not needed and might lead to a dis­ in policy. A 1-year interruption of the Its overall court record is 1-8, with the lone tortion of local priorities, and that there program, followed by a swift shift from victory coming in April 1972 when a federal is a great deal of functional overlapping one agency, with expertise and experi­ judge in San Prancisco upheld the impound­ which results in wasteful duplication at ence in the area, to several agencies that ment of federal housing funds. the local level. will have to acquire the expertise, could Besides the Maryland case, the adminis­ The charge that the achievements of prove to be a devastating shock, setting tration has suffered these recent court de­ EDA programs have fallen short of ex­ economic development back, rather than feats on impoundment: moving it forward. At the very least, the The 8th U.S. Court of Appeals, in a ruling pectations is just not correct. Because chastising the administration for changing this legislation created a new and ex­ existing legislation should be continued its argument in midstream, declined to tam­ perimental means for stimulating eco­ for another year in order to provide for per with an order instructing the adminis­ nomic growth, many evaluations have an orderly transition of economic devel­ tration to turn highway construction funds been conducted, including those by the opment programs. over to Missouri officials. EDA, by outside consultants, and by the Public facility assistance under the Prodded by Judge Gerhard Gessell of U.S. Subcommittee on Economic Develop­ Rural Development Act is primarily a District Court here, the administration was forced to begin spending $25 million appro­ ment of the House Public Works Com­ nacionwide rural loan program. This is ­ priated to spur college enrollment by Viet­ mittee. These studies have all demon­ not a satisfactory substitute for existing nam veterans. The money had been im- strated that these programs have been programs. Many areas that are econom- June 11, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19689 ically distressed are urban, not rural. Merchants and Chicago Radio Station Even if not convicted, it may be permanent. WLS, has helped to make students aware A criminal :reoord automatically closes Both urban and rural areas need assist­ many job opportunities. ance through grants, not loans. Many of of the great risk entailed in breaking the And nobody, including your friends, trusts; these areas cannot afford loans and law. a known thief. would receive no assistance under such This pamphlet informs them that, Everything has a. price. a loan program. You can be arrested at any age. A store Shoplifting can coot you plenty. The President's proposed allocation of official can stop, detain, and have you arrested FRAN'S FINGERS GOT OUT OF HAND if there is reasonable evidence that you have an additional $10 million for the Hous­ Maybe Fran thought the store would never ing and Urban Development Act's sec­ taken something. Stealing is a crime whether the item is worth 5 cents or $500. More and miss a few pieces of clothing. Or perhaps she tion 701 planning program is not a satis­ more specialized surveillance and detection was just looking for a. bargain. It was a real factory substitute for the title V regional equipment is being installed in stores. Every­ steal, all right. Little did she know that when commissions of EDA. This is an 80 per­ thing has a price. Shoplifting can cost you she put her own clothes over some that were­ cent reduction in funding, and would plenty. n't her own, that they were electronically treated. The store knew. mean the virtual elimination of the re­ Many young people are unaware of Fran's bargain turned into a burden. She gional commissions. Without the power to was caught. And from then on everything make grants, the Federal portion of the the damage which may be done to their future lives by shoplifting. This pam­ went wrong. She was 17-eligible for women's existing Federal-State partnership would court. And the time she had been caught become an impotent planning mechan­ phlet informs them that, stealing a tube of lipstick came back to ism. Local officials have stated repeated­ Immediately when the police are called 21. haunt her. ly, in the Subcommittee for Economic file is started, even if the store doesn't press Fran's now in a women's penitentiary. And Development's hearings on EDA, that the charges. Your record is permanent if con­ will be wearing the latest in gray for a year. victed. Even if not convicted, it may be Fran paid a. high price for her lifting. A real partnership is an effective and efficient permanent. A criminal record automatically steal is often a gyp. mechanism for economic development. It closes many job opportunities. And nobody, should not be abandoned. including your friends, trusts a known thief. FACT The amendment proposed by Senator When convicted, depending on your record KENNEDY requiring a study of the eco­ I wish to share with my colleagues the and the seriousness of your theft, you can text of the pamphlet being distributed be: nomic impact of base closings is very im­ by the Illinois Retail Merchants Asso­ Fined up to $500. portant for improving our Nation's econ­ ciation and WLS Radio, and insert it Sent to a penitenitiary. omy. Over 42,000 civilian and military Sent to a correctional institution. jobs will be lost nationally. This is also !nto the RECORD at thi,s time: Referred to a. public or private agency. a major blow to many local economies EVERYTHING HAs A PRICE Put on probation, under the constant sur­ that we cannot ignore. JUDY'S PEACH TURNED INTO A LEMON veillance of a youth officer. High unemployment, aging capital It seemed like such a cinch. Why pay for Shoplifting losses force stores to increase stock, and astronomical energy costs are a candy bar when you work at the local prices and cut jobs. Young people with part­ grocery store three times a week? But Judy's time jobs or new, full-time jobs are the first only a few of the economic problems that lifting got a little too heavy. Her part-time to go. face New England. With a loss of 34,000 job turned into part-time robbery. Finally Everything has a. price. civilian and military jobs in New Eng­ her sticky fingers got stuck. Shoplifting can cost you plenty. land, caused by the base closings, our eco­ The store manager was watching her for I.R.M.A./WLS Radio Anti-Shoplifting Cam- nomic situation is approaching a crisis. some time before he caught her in the act. paign A study of the economic impact of the She was fired immediately. Then he called Illinois Retail Merchants Association, 36 base closings would open up possible the police and turned Judy over to the ju­ South Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Dlinois avenues which could be taken to help venile authorities. One year probation fol­ 60603. lowed. WLS Radio, 360 North Michigan Avenue, alleviate the detrimental effects of the Funny how Judy's friends seemed to Chicago, Illinois 60601 (312) 782-2002. massive job loss. These avenues could dwindle. Maybe because suddenly a proba­ then be implemented by refunded and tion officer was limiting her activities, her effective title V regional commissions. hours, her freedom. Maybe some people are We spend billions annually to fund the just picky about who they call friend. Judy FEED GRAIN EXPORT EMBARGO Defense Department, the Central Intelli­ paid the price. gence Agency, and the National Aero­ Steal, stole, stuck. nautics and Space Administration. Per­ FACT HON. E. C. SHUSTER haps if more than one-tenth of one per­ You can be arrested at any age. OF PENNSYLVANIA cent of what we spend for the military A store official can stop, detain, and have was spent on EDA, we could achieve eco­ you arrested if there is reasonable evidence IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nomic progress as spectacular as our that you have taken something. Monday, June 11, 1973 Stealing is a crime whether the item is military failures in Vietnam. worth 5 cents or $500. Mr. SHUSTER. Mr. Speaker, I rise to­ More and more specialized surveillance and day to explain a most urgent piece of leg­ detection equipment is being installed in islation I have introduced today and to stores. ask you to support its passage at the SHOPLIFTING HAS A PRICE Everything has a price. earliest possible moment. The bill would Shoplifting can cost you plenty. impose a 120-day embargo on the export HON. PHILIP M. CRANE JEFF TRADED A RECORD FOR A RECORD of certain key feed grains-soybeans, When Jeff went into the store that Satur­ corn, and wheat--beginning 10 days after OF ll.LINOIS day, stealing an album was the farthest thing IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES its enactment. This is a drastic step from his mind. But a dare from his two which I believe warrants some explana­ Monday, June 11, 1973 friends was too much to take. He wasn't chicken. Until a man stepped out from be­ tion. Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, the lllinois hind a. two-way mirrored door. And brought First, I think it would be in order for Retail Merchants Association has him into his office. And called his parents. me to give you some numbers. Last year, launched an important campaign And the police. the United States produced a record crop throughout the State of lllinois to alert He was brought to the station, and his of soybeans, some 1.283 billion bushels. young people to the high cost they will record filed in the juvenile division. Unluck­ At the same time, the U.S. Department of ily, the juvenile court sent him to a com­ be asked to pay for shoplifting. munity agency. Jeff paid the price. Agriculture, based on 1971 estimates of The men and women of the nlinois A little pressure from his friends, and Jeff 1973 soybean demand, idled some 60 mil­ Ri-tail Merchants Association are to be didn't have the guts to keep his hands to him­ lion acres of soybean cropland. Further­ congratulated for sponsoring this cam­ self. Now he has free room and board. Such more, of the nearly 1.3 billion bushels, an paign which has brought its message to a steal. estimated 475 million bushels, over one­ young people in all parts of the State. FACT third of the total crop, were scheduled for By distributing a thoughtful and at­ Immediately when the police are called, a. export. Unfortunately, those 1971 esti­ tractive pamphlet entitled, "Everything file is started, even if the store doesn't press mates did not anticipate certain other Has a Price," the antishoplifting cam­ charges. elements which, as it turned out, sharply paign, sponsored jointly by the Retail Your record is permanent if convicted. changed the 1973 demand picture. 19090 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1973 I think it is necessary in this discussion tural product and we are one of the Na­ shortsighted, because it is going to to understand the significance of the soy­ tion's major milk producers. I know what sharply reduce domestic demand for feed bean, although the same is true, to a is happening to our dairy herds and it grain in the future. This will happen in lesser extent, of the other feed grains. sickens me to think about it. two ways: By fall, our livestock and The soybean contains a high percentage Mr. Speaker, we are facing an poultry population will have been re­ of vegetable protein and is the leading incredible food crisis and that crisis is duced significantly. They will need less meat substitute as a source of protein. It now. We cannot wait until the antic­ feed grain, much less. So where are the is a vital component of livestock and ipated bumper fall harvest because it feed grain farmers going to sell their poultry feed and is the main source of will be too late by then. Our food pro­ bumper crop of grain when they harvest protein for many farm animals that sub­ ducing herds and flocks will be decimated it this fall? Is it good economic manage­ sequently become protein sources for hu­ by then. And they will not be so easily ment to go from extreme shortages to mans. Agricultural products directly af­ rebuilt. It will take many years to re­ extreme surpluses when that is avoid­ fected by the soybean include beef, pork, store our cattle herds. It will take at able? The second way it will reduce do­ chickens, turkeys, eggs, and milk. least six months to a year to rebuild the mestic demand for food gTain is that by Here in the United States, one unan­ swine herds. It will take at least 4 to 6 that time, many people will have gotten ticipated development was a rise in dis­ months to restore the poultry flocks. into the habit of eating less meat and cretionary income during 1971 and 1972. Thus, the Nation will be faced with a eggs. We are seeing that process under The people had more money to spend on protein crisis at least through the fall way right now. It began several months food. As a result, the demand for the of 1974. Protein products simply will ago when protein product prices began agricultural products I listed a moment not be available except perhaps on a to go into orbit. Every national poll in­ ago climbed well above that anticipated ration basis. This is the crisis that faces dicates that people are now eating less by USDA in 1971. So we got into a short­ us. meat, that they are getting used to it, age situation on these products. Farmers, Now let us look at what has been done and that they do not intend to increase in turn, attempted to expand the sup­ so far and what options are open to us. their meat consumption even after prices ply, once the situation was finally recog­ The USDA has released all of its feed have fallen. Thus the demand for pro­ nized, and that created an excessive de­ grain stocks and emptied its silos. That tein products is going to decline, which mand for soybeans and other key feed has helped. The Department also has means that just as oUT feed grain stocks grains. revised its set aside requirements so that are increased to satisfy current demand This situation was aggravated by a an additional 45 million acres has been for protein products, that demand will number of other developments overseas. brought under cultivation. As a result, have been reduced. For some unknown reason, the Humboldt the fall soybean crop is expected to be I wish to stress this point because I current off the South American coast be­ in the area of 1.5 billion bushels. This is want to make it absolutely clear that the gan warming up. This affected the plank­ all good but it is not enough. temporary embargo proposed in my bill ton on which the fish feed and so the fish Right now, we are continuing to ex­ is definitely in the interest of the feed supply there diminished. The fish catch port our feed grains even as this terrible grain farmer. Our failure to impose this off Peru was down sharply, a serious de­ shortage exists at home. And here is a embargo now will do serious damage to velopment because Peruvian fish catch, further irony. The necessity to ship these his future markets. I also am pleased in normal years, is an important source export grains to ports of entry is tying to inform you that I have fiTm estimates of protein in a number of parts of the up railroad boxcars to the extent that from the USDA that feed grain farmers world. Then adverse weather conditions even where feed grain is available for will earn more money this year with reduced the Argentinian soybean crop. our farmers, they cannot get it. Some of their increased production at lower There were serious droughts in Aus­ our feed grain is actually rotting in the prices than they would with lower pro­ tralia, China, and the eastern Soviet silos. Meanwhile, every day, our herds duction at higher prices. I pressed Union, usually major producers of soy­ and flocks are being cut back. Farmers USDA on this point and they were firm beans and feed grains. All of these fac­ are going into bankruptcy or simply get­ in that judgment. tors combined to produce a worldwide ting out of the business. And I think you My third objection to current USnA protein shortage of crisis proportions. gentlemen realize that once out, it is policy with regard to an export embargo This is the situation we find ourselves going to be very difficult to bring these is that it represents distorted priorities. in right now. farmers back. When I questioned USDA about high The results of this, here in the United Now you may ask, why has not the ad­ food prices, I got the distinct impres­ States, have been disastrous. Prices of ministration imposed a temporary em­ sion that they were not overly concerned the key feed grains have gone up pre­ bargo on grain exports, the clearly obvi­ about the prices that the American con­ cipitously. Soybeans were up over 30 ous thing to do. It already has that pow­ sumer is now paying in the supermarket. percent; corn, up 81 percent; livestock er under the Export Administration Act. They seemed to be saying to me that feed, up 60 percent; poultry feed, up 91 I will tell you why. Not only is it more yes, prices are up, but they really are percent. Poultry and livestock producers concerned about the balance of pay­ not too high. And then they quote figures found themselves in a situation where ments than about the American consum­ about what percentage of the typical not only had their entire profit margin er, it is also deeply concerned about American income goes to food compared disappeared, but they literally could not those export markets that USDA has with other countries. Well, I do not care afford to feed their stock. It makes me worked so very hard to develop and nur­ about those other countries. I care about heartsick to report to you what is hap­ ture over the years. I acknowledge that the United States of America. And in the pening now. Left with no other alterna­ this is a reasonable concern, but I be­ United States of America, food prices are tive, livestock producers, poultry pro­ lieve it to be unrealistic, shortsighted, too high; and it is not the farmers' ducers, egg and dairy producers are now and a matter of distorted priorities. I fault. slaughtering their stock because they disagree on several points. I do not I think that USDA is really saying either cannot afford to feed them or agree that if we simply delay our export that those export markets are more im­ they cannot even get the feed grains to shipments for 120 days until we get our portant to them in their narrow little feed them. Dairy cows are being slaugh­ fall crop harvested that these export world than is the American consumer. tered for meat. Egg laying chickens are markets will go away. Those markets So they are fighting to preserve those being killed and sent to market. Valuable exist, because there is a tremendous markets and letting the American farm­ breeding herds that were to produce our worldwide demand for American grain. er and the American consumer pay the future meat stocks are being killed. Do That demand is not going to disappear freight. And that Mr. Speaker, in my you realize what this is going to mean in overnight. In fact, all projections I have view, is a grossly distorted priority. I do a few months? It means that you may seen indicate that the rest of the world not buy it. It is high time that we started be paying a dollar a dozen for eggs by is going to be turning more and more to taking care of Americans first and then August. It means that what meat is avail­ us for food and grain. And we will still concerned ourselves about problems in able will cost astronomical prices that be able to satisfy our export commit­ the rest of the world. you would not believe today. In my home ments. My bill simply delays those ship­ Now this brings me to the effects of State of Pennsylvania, milk and dairy ments. my bill. If we are able to enact this into products are our single largest agricul- Second, I believe that the policy is law quickly, here is what will happen. A June 11, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19091 substantial portion of the 475 million zeal and intensity that was characteristic We will always be grateful to Jim for his bushels of soybeans and similar fractions of him. kindness to us. He was a good friend. The Quincy-South Shore area has also lost of other feed grains scheduled for export The South Shore Broadcasting Co. a good friend. Both he and WJDA have been will immediately become available for will serve as a living memorial to James active in many civic causes. domestic consumption. The boxcars now D. Asher, and justifiably so. Even though Jim is gone, but he leaves his radio station tied up in carrying grain to the various he is no longer physically present with as a legacy for us all. ports will be diverted to carrying grain to us, his memory will always be kept alive The station's call letters WJDA, of course, American farmers. Feed grain prices will by the continuing and ever-improving are his initials-James Dudley Asher. Many decline immediately. Most importantly, radio broadcasts to the south shore people will remember him that way. with the assurance that feed grains will community. But having his own initials for call letters didn't impress him that much. In fact, it was be available at reasonable prices, farmers I would like to submit the following only one of several submitted to the FCC will immediately halt the slaughter of newspaper clippings and editorial that for approval. They gave WJDA the green their critical herds and flocks. This will express so well how extensively Mr. light. have the effect of preserving demand for Asher's life touched the lives of the com­ What he was really proud of was what he feed grain beyond the fall. Once the fall munity: once told us: "We're a family station." harvest is in, the embargo will be lifted [From th-:- Quincy (Mass.) Sun, June 7, 1973] Men like Jim Asher don't come this way and exports can begin again. The deferred very often. Quincy is indeed fortunate that JIM ASHER he did. export shipments will provide an extra Like most men, Jim Asher had his special So long, Jim. in demand the fall for that bumper har­ dream. HENRY BOSWORTH, vest. Finally, as farmers begin shipping Most men don't get to really see their Publisher, Quincy Sun. to market protein products that were dreams come true. But he did. fed on more reasonable priced feed grain, While doing graduate work at the Harvard [From the Quincy (Mass.) Patriot Ledger, food prices will begin to decline as well. University School of Business Administra­ June 6, 1978] tion, the young Kansas native became ac­ J..!i should be clear then that one effect quainted with the Boston area. RITES FOR JAMES ASHER ATTENDED BY OVER 200 of 11\Y bill would be a major reduction in And in the late 1930's, he was a clothing WEYMOUTH.-More than 200 persons filled the cost of meat, poultry, eggs and milk, salesman in Boston and here at a Quincy the Church of the Holy Nativity in South and in the case of the latter three, that store. Weymouth yesterday for funeral services for effect may be felt almost immediately. He thought the Quincy area had good busi­ James D. Asher, a community leader and Mr. Speaker, in behalf of all American ness potential. But instead of opening up a founder of the South Shore Broadcasting Co. farmers and the American consumer, I clothing store he decided to try a radio sta­ Burial was at Blue Hill Cemetery in Brain­ urge the adoption of this bill at the ear­ tion. tree. He had a fascination for the No. 13. So on LONG ILLNESS liest possible moment. Sept. 13, 1947, WJDA went on the air-at Mr. Asher, 59, of 313 Central St., died Sat­ 1300-on the dial. urday morning at the South Shore Hospital "We had about $130 [that number again) after along illness. in the bank and a lot of hope," he once re­ The South Shore Broadcasting Co. operates THE DEATH OF MR. JAMES D. ASHER called. radio station W JDA in Quincy and radio sta­ He didn't know much about radio. But he tion WESX in Salem. was willing to try. Until last year, when he was succeeded by HON. JAMES A. And he ignored some of the so-called ex­ BURKE perts who were predicting W JDA wouldn't his son James D. Asher Jr., Mr. Asher had OF MASSACHUSETTS last six months. Quincy was too small and been president of both firms. IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES too close to Boston for a station of its own, The many persons attending the service "Gave testimony how his life touched Monday, June 11, 1973 they insisted. What they didn't take into consideration others," said the Rev. James Nelson, rector Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. was Jim's drive and determination. He made of the church, during the service, adding that Mr. Asher had a "good, full life." Speaker, a man who both gives of him­ it. Today, the station that couldn't last is in its 26th year and one of the most successful George Gelinas of South Weymouth, a self to his friends and gives of his talents long time friend of Mr. Asher, and a lay his community is a very rare man in­ in the nation. to Jim's dry wit and his homey broadcasting reader at the church read the 23rd and the deed. Today, I would like to honor a style made getting up early a must for many 121st psalms from the Book of Psa-lms at the man who did both these things to the listeners in the area. During his "Breakfast funeral service. utmost of his ability, Mr. James D. Asher With WJDA" from 6:30a.m. to 8 a.m. [until Many civic, business and community lead­ of South Weymouth, Mass., who died on his illness in 1972] Jim's listeners got much ers were among those attending the service. June 2, 1973. inside low down on the latest cribbage match RADIO STATIONS with John [Zep) Duane or what Freddy Lane Mr. Asher was a very dear friend of The owners of three Massachusetts radio mine, and I consider his death not only in the control room was doing for excitement, or they chuckled over Belinda, the mooing stations, and members of the Massachusetts a personal tragedy, but a great loss to the cow, who sounded so real people wanted to Broadcasters Association, of which Mr. Asher community as well. know how much hay she ate. was a former president, were present. They James Asher was the founder, presi­ Jim, people have said, was a success in life. were Israel Cohen of WCAP in Lowell, dent, and treasurer of the South Shore But he was much more than that. He was Douglas Rowe of WGA W in Gardner and Broadcasting Co. in Quincy, Mass. It was a success as a human being. Thomas M. McAuliffe of WSRO in Marlboro. at great personal sacrifice that Mr. Asher True, he was a sharp businessman who Mr. Cohen, who had known Mr. Asher for could be tough when needed. But he was a more than 20 years, said of him "In the asso­ established the broadcasting company, ciation he was always there when you needed putting in extra time and effort back in good family mon, a square shooter who be­ lieved in fair play, and was always ready to him. He was one of the older breed of people 1947 so that the south shore area of offer a helping hand. who really started in the business." Massachusetts might be provided with an Jim, for an example, was an inspiration Two former mayors of Quincy, Amelio Della efficient radio broadcasting system. He to us in founding the Quincy Sun. Chiesa and Thomas Burgin were among those even went so far as to assemble the Our decision to bring a community ori­ present as was former Quincy City Manager transmitter himself, so that the project ented weekly newspaper to Quincy was made Edward T. Lewis. might be achieved more rapidly. Today, with the realization that he had blazed the Quincy Fire Chief Edward F. Barry lead a as a result of his dedication and hard trail before us. He had proved there was delegation of Quincy fire fighters and several room here for a radio station. We both members of the Massachusetts Ancient and work for more than 20 years, the South thought there was now room here for a Honorable Artillery Co., incl,.lding Lt. Ernest Shore Broadcasting Co. has expanded its weekly newspaper, too. Montilio of Quincy, a long time friend of Mr. operations to two stations-WJDA in Jim offered us encouragement before and Asher, attended. Quincy and WESX in Salem. All this after we started The Sun. He did this despite LINED SmEWALK from the almost single-handed efforts of the fact that we were going to cut into the existing advertising dollars in the area. Following the church service, the members one man. of the Quincy fire department and Ancient Few men are so selfless as to dedicate That didn't bother him. He went out of his way many times to and Honorable Artillery Co. lined the side­ their lives to the betterment of others' "plug" The Sun on the air quoting excerpts walk at the church as the casket was removed lives-those they will never personally or asking, "Did you see that item in The and the mourners passed. Jmow. Mr. Asher never came in contact Sun?" His frequent mentioning of us helped Some of the original sponsors of the South with a great majority of the lives he make many people aware of the fact that Shore Broadcasting Co. in 1947 were also in touched, but he served the public with a there was another newspaper in town. attendance. They included Frank Duggan 19092 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1973 and Ambrose Duggan of Duggan Bros. in Asher died Saturday at 59 in South Shore ment and there was also a delegation from Quincy and Joseph Jannell of Jannell Motors Hospital after a long illness. the Quincy Police Department. Inc. of Weymouth. The Rev. James L. Nelson, pastor of the Representatives were also present from Among the Quincy business men present Episcopal Church of the Holy Nativity in Wessagussen Masonic Lodge AF and AM; were George Bonsall, Matthew Cushing, I. South Weymouth said at the services "the Aleppo Temple and the Quincy YMCA. Forrest Neal, Henry Bosworth, William J. large crowd is testimony" of the kind of life Martin, George Reardon, Robert Faxon, Louis he led. Cassani, John Blake, Chester Weeden, Heslip The church was filled with persons from Sutherland, and Leslie Brierley. all walks of life. Also, the Rev. Chester Porte us, rector of First Lt. Ernest Montillio and other mem­ RAY McHUGH WRITES ABOUT the Christ Episcopal Church in Quincy, Ed­ bers of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery ffiAN ward T. Moore, who represented Rep. James Company, of which Mr. Asher was a member, A. Burke of Milton; William Delargy, retired formed an honor guard for the body of their police reporter for the Boston Record Ameri­ comrade leaving the church. HON. DAN DANIEL can; Herbert Hollis, former state representa­ Burial was in Blue Hlll Cemetery, Brain­ OF VmGINIA tive of Braintree; and Norfolk County Sheriff tree. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Charles Hedges. Mr. Asher founded the South Shore Broad­ Also, WBZ television and radio weather casting Co., W JDA, which went on the air Monday, June 11, 1973 forecaster Don Kent, who had been a weather Sept. 13, 1947. Two years later, he acquired Mr. DAN DANIEL. Mr. Speaker, a news forecaster at WJDA several years ago, and the North Shore Broadcasting Co. WESX in commentator the other day said that so Nelson Bragg. Salem. much news is being generated just now LODGE REPRESENTATIVES He was on the air hiinself, hosting the pro­ gram "Breakfast with JDA," daily Monday it would be nice if we could put some of Representatives were present from the it in the deep freeze, and save it for a Aleppo Temple, Wessagussett Masonic Lodge, through Friday, from 6:30 a.m. to 8 a.m. Quincy Rotary Club, Wollaston United Com­ until January, 1972. slow weekend. He was quite right, of mercial Travelers, Quincy YMCA, Colonial A native of Kansas, he was a graduate of course. Events tumble so fast on the heels Federal Loan and Savings Co., the Milton Kansas University and a public relations of­ of other events we barely absorb a fact Bank and Trust and South Shore Publishing ficer with the U.S. Army during World before another crowds in. And most of Co. War II. what we are having to absorb is bad news. Also, Charles Keenhan, vice president of He leaves his widow, Ruth [Stoddard] Asher of South Weymouth: a son, James D., It was heartening and encouraging to the Yankee Atomic Energy in Beverly, and me, therefore, to be privileged to read two Edward J. Barrett, former executive of the Jr., also of South Weymouth; a daughter, Penn Central Railroad. Joan, of New York City; his mother, Mrs. articles by Mr. Ray McHugh, of Copely In a tribute by Rep. Burke to Mr. Asher, Dudley Asher of South Weymouth; a brother, News Service, concerning our allies in Rep. Burke stated that "Jim Ac;her was a long Charles, of Gardner; and a sister, Mrs. James Iran. Mr. McHugh is extremely knowl­ time friend and he was not only a capable R. Wilkinson, of Atlanta, Ga. edgeable in world affairs, and without ex­ and successful broadcasting executive, but Among the mourners were former Quincy ception I have found his analyses in that also an objective and fairminded newsman. Mayors Thomas S. Burgin and Amelio Della area penetrating and objective. I have "His concern was always for the welfare Chiesa, former City Manager Edward T. and betterment of his community and na­ Lewis, former State Rep. Herbert B. Hollis of known Ray McHugh for a number of tion, and what is more---he worked at it. Braintree, Norfolk County Sheriff Charles W. years and am as honored to call him a "He shall be greatly missed by all who Hedges. good friend as to label him an excellent knew him or ever had contact with him." Administrative Assistant Edward Moore writer. Quincy Mayor Walter J. Hannon said yes­ and Mary Touhey of Congressman James A. I include Mr. McHugh's reports on his terday Mr. Asher was a long time personal Burke's office, John Blake, president of the recent visit to Iran in the RECORD at this friend and that the death of Mr. Asher "is South Shore Chamber of Commerce; former point: a great loss to all of us on the South Shore. Quincy School Committeeman A. Wendell My deepest sympathy goes to his wife and Clark. IRAN'S NATURAL GAS: IT MAY BE A KEY IN members of his family. Don Kent, former WJDA meteorologist U.S. ENERGY PLANS now with TV Channel 4 in Boston; Lester (By Ray McHugh) CIVIC INVOLVEMENT Glasser, husband of the late Ida Newman ANWAZ, IRAN.-"Captain Butterfly" lifted "Because of his dedicated service and in­ Glasser, who conducted the Ida Newman volvement in civil and community life, he his Alouette helicopter gently over another Show on WJDA for many ye.ars. of the tortured Khuzistan mountain ridges, wlll be sadly missed by all who knew and Representatives of the Massachusetts admired him." then banked suddenly and allowed the craft Broadcasters Association, Israel Cohen of to fall toward the meandering Khairabad Born in Lawrence, Kansas, Mr. Asher re­ WCAP, Lowell; Douglas Rowe of WGAW, ceived a BS degree from Kansas University River below. Gardner; and Thomas M. McAuliffe of Two startled shepherds looked up as their School of Business Administration and later WSRO, Marloro. did graduate work at Harvard University sheep and goats scattered along the shallow Forrest I. Neal, Jr., director of the MBTA; river. School of Business Administration. William DeLargy, retired pollee reporter for He did public relations work during World The red-faced Hungarian pilot whose real the Boston Record American; Irving Green­ name is Janos Batorfi handled the turbine war II with Gen. Benjamin Lear's Second blat, president of the South Shore Publish­ Army and at Harvard University Training copter as if it were one of the Stukas that ing Co; Henry Bosworth, publisher of the he flew against the Russians during World Army School and the War Department Per­ Quincy Sun sonnel Center at Fort Devens. War II, or perhaps like the MIG he flew to The Rev. John D. Banks, pastor of Bethany Austria dul"ing the 1956 Hungarian revolu­ Mr. Asher founded Radio Station WJDA Congressional Church, Quincy; the Rev. on Sept. 13, 1947 on Brackett Street in tion. Chester Porteus of Christ Church Episcopal Leveling off finally, he pointed at a clus­ Quincy while the building of the station had in Quincy; Charles Pearce, president of the not been completed. The transmitter had ter of rocks several hundred yards ahead. Quincy Savings Bank. "The bridge," he shouted. been constructed by Mr. Asher himself, with Past Presidents George Bonsall, Matthew supplies which had been donated by the late As we approached, skimming the reed­ Cushing, Heslip SutherLand and Louis Cas­ filled, green-gray water, the rocks sorted John J. Duane of Quincy. sani of Quincy Rotary; George Reardon of He is survived by his wife, Mrs. Ruth themselves into the shape of an ancient President Chevrolet; Edward Percy, presi­ span. Three graceful, Moorish-looking arches (Stoddard) Asher; a son, James D. Asher, Jr. dent of the Quincy Rotary Club. of South Weymouth; a daughter, Miss Joan were still intact and they poked halfway Ambrose and Frank Duggan of the North across the river. A crumbling watchtower on Asher of New York City; his mother Mrs. Quincy Garage; Joseph Jannell of Jannell Dudley Asher of South Weymouth; a brother, the other bank looked Roman. Ford, South Weymouth; Henry Hoffman of The bridge that somehow has survived for Charles E. Asher of Gardner: and a sister, A. E. Barnes Insurance Co.; Willl.am J. Mar­ Mrs. James R. Wilkinson of Atlanta, Ga. more than 2,000 years in the heart of south­ tin, former president of South Shore Na­ ern Iran's desolate oil-and-gas wilderness is Funeral arrangements were completed by tional Bank. the c. C. Shepherd Funeral Home, 134 Pleas­ a tangible link between past glory and 20th ant St., So. Weymouth. Chester Weeden and Leslie M Brierly of Century prosperity. Hancock Bank and Trust Co.; Robert Faxon According to Persian history, Alexander of Faxon Trust Real Estate; Clyde W. Mor­ the Great and his army passed over the [From the Quincy (Mass.) Sun, June 7, 1973] rison of Electroswitch Corp.; Albert E. Spen­ bridge \n h\s march to the Persian Gulf that JAMES AsHER, EULOGIZED AS MAN WHO cer, Jr. of Old Colony Landscaping Service. climaxed his conquest of the known world "PASSED TRUTH, GOODNESS TO OTHERS" Charles Keenhan, vice president, Yankee 324 years before the birth of Christ. James D. Asher, founder and moving spirit Atomic Energy, Beverly; Edward J. Barrett, Khuzistan then was described as a land behind Radio WJDA in Quincy, was eulogized former executive of the Penn Central Rail­ of rich farm valleys and rushing rivers, but Tuesday as a man who "from his life passed road. its face has been remade by wrenching earth­ truth and goodness into the lives of many Quincy Fire Chief Edward Barry headed quakes that left spectacular scars on its others." a delegation from the Quincy Fire Depart- mountains and dried up most riverbeds. June 11, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19093 For almost 2,000 years it was literally for­ or to the Soviet Union to augment its supply bassy petroleum expert. "A very high per­ gotten by history. Even today the indigenous of gas, despite the fact that the United States centage of them trained in the United States population huddlP.s in little mud hut .villages is the third largest producer. or Europe and they have technical schools of and struggles with subsistence farmmg and "You simply use tremendous amounts of their own now that assure a steady supply of grazing. gas," he explained, "and your demand in­ local talent." But Khuzistan and other similar forgotten creases constantly because of the environ­ Credit for the development of Iran's self­ regions of once-proud Persia now hold the mental factors involved in other fuels. Even reliance in the oil-gas area is given to Dr. key that can solve much of the world's the biggest exploration program in America Manuchehr Eghbal, chairman of the board energy crisis and perhaps unlock the door is not likely to meet your requirements. and general managing director of the Na­ to new glories for Iran. "Naturally, the cost of gas must increase. tional Iranian Oil Co., the parent of both Oil and gas pipelines and high:-voltage The transportation is the expensive item. But the oil and gas operations. electric lines crisscross its mountams and the decisions cannot be postponed." Eghbal was prime minister of Iran from valleys. Gas flares burn like a hundred an­ Mossadeghi says those decisions should be 1958 to 1962 before his appointment to the cient campfires. Roads push through seem­ made this year. He estimates Iran by 1977 NIOC. ingly impenetrable terrain. Mircrowave radio will be able to supply some 3 billion cubic "He is not a technician, but he's the per­ towers crown its highest peaks. feet of gas daily. He points out that Russia fect man for the job," said Mossadeghi. "He At a desolate clearing known as Bid Bo­ already wants to increase its gas imports is an administrator and he has a flair for the land stands a $200 million natural gas re­ from Iran, but he indicated the Iranians also political side of things that escapes so many finery, the largest in the world and the pride want to renegotiate their price agreements engineers. He has done a great deal to make of the National Iranian Gas Co. with the Soviets and they want to protect the world appreciate Iran's resources and he Bid Boland is the heart of a 1,200-kilo­ their growing domestic market. has made all of us in the industry realize meter, $700 million system that pumps. a Their capital city of Tehran with a popu­ the important role we play in the develop­ billion cubic feet of gas a day to the Soviet lation of 4 million is powered almost entirely ment of our country." Union and distributes 600 million cubic feet by natural gas. Eghbal sees Iran's gas system as the link a day to Iran's major cities and industries. "The important thing to us," he said, "is that is tying Iran together and making it Tomorrow it may become a key element that we make allocations of gas now for possible to realize the shah's "white revolu­ in American and Japanese energy planning. the future. We must plan. The kind of facili­ tion." ties that are needed take time to build. An "In laying this giant pipeline across some Iran ranks second only to the Soviet Union American allocation might require an in­ in proved natural gas resources. New test of the roughest country in the world, Iran vestment by your firms of $600 million to has driven a broad path of progress through drilling indicates a "virtually unlimited" $700 million in plants and equipment, but supply. One new field is already earmarked the nation," the chairman said, "giving many remember that only about 15 per cent of isolated mountain villages for the first time, for the Japanese market. Work has begun that would be spent in Iran. The rest would on a huge methanol plant where gas and road access, abundant power and immediate go directly into the American economy." opportunity to improve the standards of liv­ methanol will be mixed for shipment in Mossadeghi and aides also emphasized that ing, while the capital and the main indus­ giant tankers and use in power st<ions. they have U.S. balance of payments worries trial cities along the route will have their Plans also are under way !for a huge gas in mind when they propose that the LNG future fuel supplies assured." liquefaction complex. Methanol gas cannot fieet be built in American yards. It could well be that Iran's prodigious be used in domestic lines without first go­ Russia with known reserves of 550 trillion pipeline also is an important key to the solu­ ing through a regasification process that is cubic feet of natural gas leads the world, but tion of America's energy crisls-certai,nly it prohibitively expensive. much of its reserves lies in very difficult re­ already has impact far beyond the world of Natural gas, however, can be liquefied by gions of far Siberia, explaining the Soviet Alexander the Great. reducing its temperature. It could then be purchase of low-cost Iranian gas in exchange transported to American and Japanese ports for steel mills and other heavy industrial or offshore terminals in new-design, re­ plants that the shah of Iran wanted badly THE INDIAN OCEAN III: IRAN MAKES Bm frigerator-like ships called "LNG" carriers. to stimulate other sectors of his economy. FOR POWER The LNG can be released directly into exist­ There are at least hints in Tehran that By Ray McHugh . ing domestic supply systems. Iran would like to restrict its commercial Officials of the National Iranian Gas Co. ABADAN, lRAN.-The miles of yellow lights dealings with the Soviets in light of the two and the flickering gas flares that deny night are currently discussing plans with U.S. ship­ countries' traditional political problems. to Abadan and the world's largest refinery builders, Washington officials and American (Russia feeds Iranian gas into its Crimean signify more than a hungry world's appetite utility companies for a fieet of perhaps 20-24 system that leads eventually to markets in for oil. giant 160,000-cubic-meter LNG ships that Western Europe.) They signify, too, a shah'·s appetite for .would carry the gas from the Persian Gulf Iran's proved reserves are set at 315 trillion the glories that once were Persia's. to East and West Coost ports and to Japan. cubic feet, but new fields now being explored Nowhere on the sweeping littoral of the T. Mossadeghl, managing director of NIGC, prompt officials to claim that reserves may be Indian Ocean is one nation pouring so much said his firm and the Iran government are virtually without end. American reserves are into its own development. Not even giant anxious that the ships be built in the United estimated at 300 trillion cubic feet. India can match Iran's determined effort to states to take advantage of advanced Ameri­ Algeria ranks fourth with 130 trillion; establish itself as a local power in an area can technology. Holland has 82 trillion-mostly offshore, and that has become a geopolitical vacuum and Preliminary talks have already been held then national totals drop sharply. a world question mark. with Commerce Department, Interior De­ Political uncertanties in the Arab world The shah of Iran and his government partment and Federal Power Commission of­ also have helped focus American attention cannot be accused of hoarding oil and gas ficials in Washington. on Iran as a dependable supplier of both oil dollars for speculation in international A project of the scope envisioned by the and gas. A natural gas contract was nego­ money markets. Iranians, several American public utilities tiated with Algeria recently but New England "Iran spends every penny before the ink and distribution firms and the ship~ in­ utilities had to weather a series of frustra­ is dry on the checks," said an American dustry would amount to several billion dol­ tions and delays that are still not totally diplomat in Tehran. "Sometimes you have lars and would require a major increase in resolved. to wonder if the shah can keep pace with shipbuilding subsidies to offset the difference Saudi Arabia, the No. 1 U.S. source of oil the expectations he has aroused in these in construction costs in American and Jap­ in the Middle East, has hinted at restricting people, or the role he wants them to play." anese or European yards. the supply in retaliation for American sup­ Military analyses of the Indian Ocean usu­ It might be necessary to build one or more port of Israel. The Saudi threats are largely ally begin and end with the United States new American shipyards to handle the proj­ discounted in this part of the world as "lip and the USSR, the two powers that boast ect, according to Edwin Hood, president of service" to Palestinians and Arab radicals, the naval and nuclear strength to "police" the American Shipbuilders Council. but the threats themselves point up Middle the area. But it would be wrong to overlook Mossadeghi said the Iranians are working East tensions. Iran. to develop their LNG capacity by 1977 and Although it is a Moslem country, Iran is No tears were shed in Tehran when Britain that they hope giant carriers will be avail­ not Arab and the shah has steadfastly re­ finally was forced to withdraw from the able by 1980. mained aloof from the Middle East crisis. Persian Gulf and its old bases "east of Suez." The NIGC also is waiting !for clarification And despite recent moves to assert Iranian For two hundred years London had prac­ by the Nixon administration on new regula­ control over the sale and distribution of its ticed what former U.S. Ambassador Douglas tions covering American imports of natural oil and gas supplies, Iran remains in close MacArthur III called "pl.aite glass diplomacy." gas. In his energy message to Congress, partnership with a producing consortium "It was as if the British built a glass wall President Nixon urged a stepped-up gas ex­ that is dominated by Anglo-American inter­ around the area," MacArthur once told the ests. America~ and Europeans also remain writer. "It was a true Victorian concept. If ploration program in the United States free in key positions, although Iran has steadily anyone dared throw a rock at the wall, from of FPC price controls, but he did not indi­ built a national cadre of middle and top inside or out, he immediately felt the full cate the White House attitude toward im­ management personnel. weight of the British empire. ported gas. "Iran probably has the best-trained oil and "As long as that power was available, the Mossadeghi said he is confident that the gas people anywhere outside the United countries around the Persian Gulf were United states will have to turn to Iran and- States or the Soviet Union," said a U.S. Em- cowed. Once that power was gone, they sud- 19094 EXTENSIONS OF. REMARKS : June· 11, 1973 denly had to search their hearts for their look first to the United States. The CENTO ber of Commerce on an economic theme. Eco­ own real identity and aspirations." agreement (Central Treaty Organization) is nomic speeches are very deadly, so before I Iran's reaction to the British withdl·awal meaningless, but the United States has clear started out I tried to put them at ease with a is remarkably similar to that in the Malay national interests in Iran. No president could little levity. And the levity went something Peninsula and in the countries of East ignore them." like this: "Before I left Washington the Africa. The fl.rs·t impulse is to continue close President asked me to say a few kind words contacts with London, but as time passes about John Connally. And I will-but not Britain is seen more realistically as a com­ today." paratively small island nation that no longer AGNEW ON THE MEDIA Now. that was all there was to it. That got possesses the resources to help ambitious a nice· laugh and they relaxed. I turned on independent states reach full development. CBS radio last night and this is the way my Iran was introduced to American tech- HON. JOHN P. HAMMERSCHMIDT economic speech was handled: "Well, today it nology and military might during World War was politics as usual for Vice President II when it was the "back-door" route for OF ARKANSAS Agnew, who had the following to say ..." supplies to the Soviet Union. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and on came what I just told you. Not a word It has moved close to Washington. Monday, June 11, 1973 about the forum, not a word about the sub­ The shah has built a potent military ma­ ject of the speech. Well, surely you can say if chine with U.S. help and has just negotiated Mr. HAMMERSCHMIDT. Mr. Speaker, you use that kind of material, you've got to to buy $4 billion in British and American it was my honor to accompany Vice Pres­ expect that's what they're going to publish. ships, planes and weapons to modernize his ident SPIRO T. AGNEW on a trip to Arkan­ But is it really? Does it have to be that way? forces. Britain is building a destroyer and sas in April. Mr. AGNEw's address was on Is the humor more important than the sub­ four frigates that will be the core of Iran's the occasion of the National Education stance of the speech? Persian Gulf fleet. U.S. sales include sophis­ As far as television's concerned, there is al­ ticated helicopter gun-ships and even guided Program for the Freedom Forum, an an­ most-well, I won't say blanket unanimity, "smart bombs." nual event at Harding College in Searcy, but there is what you might call consensus When the shah's program is completed in Ark. with regard to public events and how they 1977, Iran will rank second only t? Russian­ As a result of that speech, Mr. AGNEW should be construed. I don't think you'd find equipped India as a local In~Ian Ocean was subsequently interviewed by David John Chancellor disagreeing essentially with power. According to Iran's Washmgton am­ S. Broder, a respected journalist on the Walter Cronkite, or with Harry Reasoner, for bassador, former foreign minister and for­ Washington Post staff. Mr. Broder, example. on what's important to talk about. mer son-in-law, Abashir Zahedi, the shah whose work as a columnist is highly re­ And on the talk shows you have basically hopes to match India's overwhelming pres­ the same thing going on. You may say you ence with a special Indian Ocean arrange­ garded on Capitol Hill, has conducted an have a liberal and a conservative on the Ag­ ment with South Africa, Australia, and excellent interview on a timely topic. I ronsky show. But what you really have is a Japan. . . therefore want to share this dialog with Washington-oriented enclave focusing in on Japan, in particular, has a vested Interest my colleagues : what's been reported in Washington, instead in the Persian Gulf. More than 80 percent of AGNEW ON THE MEDIA of moving out and diversifying their discus­ sion. I can tune ~n that program and almost its oil supplies originate here. Iran is the (An Interview With David S. Broder) world's No. 1 oil-exporting nation and may tell you what's going to be discussed that In an April speech at Harding College in rank No. 1 in natural gas reserves. week. As Iran looks at the world, it is literally Arkansas Vice President Agnew said, "The Q1wstion: Do you think that's becuse the threatened on four sides. Despite polite rela­ governm~nt and the media must ~ut aside basic agenda for most newspapers are the AP tions with Moscow and a commercial agree­ their visceral reactions and engage 1n a pro­ and the UPI budget summaries which come ment that pipes a billion· cubic feet_ of natu­ ductive, intelligent discussion of their dif­ out every mo1·ning and every afternoon say­ ferences." ral gas into the Crimea every day m ~eturn ing, "These are our major stories for the next for Soviet steel mills and other heavy mdus­ Washington Post staff writer David S. cycle"? · try, Tehran maintains a "profound distrust" Broder contacted -the Vice President's office Answer: I suppose that's got something to of the Russians. and suggested that a conversation on some do with it. It has not forgotten Soviet attempts to of the issues of press-government relation­ Q1testion: But does that reflect anything ships which Mr. Agnew had raised over the claim Iran's northernmost provinces af~er other than news j1tdgment as to what are world War II. Any appearance of Russian years might usefully be aired. The following major stories? naval squadrons near the Persian Gulf sets transcript, edited from a one-hour conversa­ Answer: No, but what is news judgment off talk of a Soviet "pincers" m.ovement. .. tion, represents the substance of the Agnew­ and who decides on news judgment? "We want no foreign presence 1n the gulf, Broder talk. Question: Well, would you make the same Q: I thought perhaps a usef1Ll starting the shah has warned. c-riticism that you've made of the ancho1·men Iran also has a running dispute with Iraq question would be to ask you about a state­ of, say, the news editors of Associated Press ment in your Harding College ~peech abo:ut and United Press Internati onal? I thiJtk the over navigable waters that mark the t~o the opinion-making media. Maktng the p_omt It same obsevation could be made: that if you countries' frontier. is angry over rad1o that the administration wants to be fatr to Baghdad's attempts to fan rebellion in B~lu­ took it over a period of a week, 80 or 85 per them, you say, "We do not think they l~ave cent of the stories that one wire service said chistan near the Pakistani border a~d It is yet diversified their undertak,ings suffictent keenly aware of Moscow's arms shipments to were main stories would also be main stories to fai1·ly report the activities of government on the other wire . Iraq's radical Baathist regime. to the American people." What do yo-u mean Even more imediate is concern about I~­ . Answer: Yes, I would. I think that that by that statement, and how do _you see t~tis applies to the wire services, it applies to the dia's pressures against Pakistan. There IS process of diversification posstbly commg real fear in Tehran that the forces set in weekly news magazines, it applies to the about? large metropoltan dailies that maintain in­ motion oy Pakistan's December, 1971, defeat A: Well, what I meant was that there seem by India during the Bangladesh. war can lit: · dependent wire servces and facilities and to be general thrust lines that develop in the make ther own news judgments. erally tear Pakistan apart. Russian, A:fghani opinion-making media. And at the point that and Indian agents are allegedly_ ~orking_ in­ Question: When you referred to these peo­ the thrust line develops, the information­ ple reflecting one point of view about one side Pakistan to incite minontles agamst gathering process seems to adhere to that President Ali Bhutto. Bhutto is a frequent tl]-eme, where do you think that uniformity particular area of inquiry. Many other areas comes from ? Do you think it's imposed from visitor in Tehran and he and the shah are of inquiry just don't seem to come out. described as "in full agreement." the top of thei1· organization, or do you think Let me give you an example of what I it's because of the way these men are re­ In recent interviews with Western news­ mean. There are many, many important mat­ men, the shah has warned that Iran will ~ot cruited, 01' what? ters of community development going on Answer: I think it's the fact that they're stand idly by if Pakistan is threatened _with right now. There are matters of the "new another partition or civil war. He has hi~ ted . members of a fraternity. Like any other busi­ federalism" going on, general revenue shar­ nessmen, they talk to each other more than strongly that his army would move S':'l'lftly ing is being tested, and we're trying to com­ to annex Baluchi areas in south ~akiStan. they talk to people in other undertakings. plete the legislation on special revenue sha~­ And, institutionally, I think most of them such a move would bring the Iranians face ing. And yet, with the exception of certam to face with India. are recruited from schools of journalism people who've turned to this as a line of spe­ where the judgment process follows what's There is little concern shown in Tehran cial reporting, these matters do ?ot really get about Communist China, despite Peking:s taking place in the then-existing principal the kind of positioning in principal organs or media. And I think there's a philosophical attempts to stir unrest in tiny, feudal ml ongoing attention on television needed to states along the gulf. . make people realize how important they are. compatibilty among most people who work Instead, China is looked upon as the maJor I'll give you another example. It relates to for the large news organs that naturally Asian balancing factor that can blunt both the practice of extrapolating one attention­ brings them to similar conclusions. soviet and Indian ambitions. But Peking's getting segment and excluding the substance Q. Now, you have put stress always on get­ inaction during the 1971 India-Pakistan war of the prepared remarks of a governmental ting more diversity into that group. How also is noted. official. do you think that's possible? Do you have "In a crisis," said one official, "we n1ust Yesterday I talked to the Atlanta Cham- any sort of a strategy? June 11; 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS A. One of the steps that's been taken, of growth of the economy makes it possible for has done something illegal or immoral that course, is the use of op-ed pages and contrib­ us to project that in fiscal 1976 we may have would affect the man's personal reputation­ uting writers and commentators. Guests on no budgetary deficit, in spite of increases of at the point somehow there has to be a way programs. But it isn't entirely effective. And maybe almost $20 billion a year m spending. that the man accused can protect himself, I blame the ineffectiveness not so much on Q: I find it ironic that most of your criti­ provided the reporter publishes it, by coming the lack of attempts of the media to do what cisms have been directed. at what you call back and saying, "All right, now, someone has they can to help, but on the very small num­ "the opinion-making media." Those are, by accused me of being a crook. Who says so?" ber of people with other ideas who are avail­ and. large, media which are in a competitive If the accused can't do that, how does he pro­ eble and willing to make the contributions. situation. You haven't said very much about tect himself? That's a problem. I'm sure that The Post, the much more frequent situation around I find it's very difficult to formulate what The Times would print whatever was sub­ this country where you have literally mo­ I think is a fair position. Because I do under­ mitted, particularly if it were provocative nopoly ownership. stand that there has to be some sort of privi­ and well-written, but I don't think they get A: I suppose this is an escape answer in a lege that runs to an investigative reporter. too much of this kind of material sent to sense, but I don't read those newspapers every But at some point we must stop the charac­ them. Now there must be some reason for day. And maybe that's why I don't criticize ter assassination that can occur through that. I -don't know what that reason is. I them more. I'm living in a place where what carelessness or through design on the part really don't. I characterize as the opinion-making media of the reporter. I don't know just how you But I'm hopeful that it's beginning to come to me every day in the form of news do that. I think that one of the principal change. I see the first evidence of it in my summary, my own reading of The Post, The gains that could come out of our free dis­ contacts with college youth: not as doc­ Times and The Sun, Time and Newsweek­ cussions of this matter would be to try to trinaire as formerly, not as willing to accept and some attention to the networks. evolve some system to do that. Now, forget­ a simple position and take off with that, but Q: You suggested. at the University of Vir­ ting about immoral or lllegal conduct en­ more questioning of every opinion now. And ginia that either there should be no un­ tirely, just think about expertise in a job and much more ready to hear another opinion attributed accusations printed. against gov­ the judgments that a man makes in the than they might have been in the past. ernment officials or that they should. be sub­ course of his political career-how he can be Q. But in your answer to the question, stantiated.-] think this was your line-by second-guessed by spectres. If someone writes you've moved off of the front page and. on to evidence that's admissible in a criminal a story that an undisclosed source said some­ the editorial page. charge. Do you really think that it would. be thing, a high White House source, or any of A. Sorry. Let's talk about the front page. possible to do investigative reporting oj the the other characterizations, a longtime state­ For example, I happen to believe that when kind. that characterized. the Watergate re­ house observer. a longtime State Department a subject becomes very hot, such as Water­ porting? expert of ambassadorial rank, or whatever gate is right now, the problem isn't the fact A: I have to say that investigative report­ ing is certainly beneficial as far as informing the case may be-you never do find out who that it consumes 10 or 11 pages of a news those people are. The public doesn't know magazine, it isn't the fact that lt consumes the public is concerned. I don't think that investigative reporting really ever breaks what degree of credibility or expertise to several pages of the newspaper. It's that assign to them because it's all left in the much of what is presented on it is repetitious. many things loose. It wasn't the newspaper reports that broke the Watergate matter hands of the reporter to indicate how be­ There isn't the effort to diversify the account. lievable they are by the way he adjectively Let's go to economics. If stats come out, loose, it was [District Judge John) Sirica's handling of the defendants' sentencing that presents them in his article. and they show lnftation is up, you'll find a Q. So is it your opinion that there is tremendous amount of commentary on in­ broke that information loose. Because if the defendants had not changed their attitudes not sufficient remedy jor this problem in :fl.ation, but almost a total neglect of the two things: one, libel suits and., secondly, record-setting pace of the GNP growth, of at that time the information wouldn't have been available to be leaked. Looking at in­ the question of the damage to the reputation unemployment's decline, of the assimilation of a newspaper which makes these charges into the job market of a great amount of peo­ vestigative reporting at its best, I think it's gathering bits and pieces of information that and is unable to back them up? ple formerly employed in undertakings re­ A. I don't think there is sufficient re­ lated to the Vietnam war. And all of the ac­ can lead to a discernible opinion that's intel­ ligible to the public. And I praise that highly. course in either one of those things. First, companying things that go with a boom with regard to people in the public sphere, economy that are good seem to be overlooked Investigative reporting that provides the in­ centive for a grand jury to begin an investiga­ libel suits have become laughable. There is in the fear about infiation. no way to collect in a libel suit because of Now in:flation, of course, is a very real haz­ tion I praise highly. I don't believe that in­ ard. But the commentary right now about vestigative reporters moving out in advance recent court decisions. We don't have the of an acting grand jury or trying to project British system, which is very rigid. And I'm the economy I don't think justifies what you not prepared to say which way that ought might call a dismal view. Surely we've got to the public hearsay of what is essentially in:flation that's too high, but so does every a secret proceeding-secret to safeguard the to go. I'd much rather see more careful re­ industrialized nation in the world. And ours constitutional rights of others-is good in­ porting than see a rash of libel suits come up is relatively low compared to theirs. vestigative reporting. And I find a lot of fault But maybe this ls the only way to keep the We are taking steps to dampen the econ­ with the fact that inaccuracies do occur and freedom of investigation and require the omy and we have made certain projections that the public mind can be very much posi­ care that's necessary. Perhaps it's worth and inftation's going to subside in the third tioned by broad-brush accusations. talking about. and fourth quarters of this year. One of the Guilt by association: I think one of the The other point you raised I don't believe reasons we have this in:flation is, of course, news magazines had a whole page of pictures really is a factor. Because people read a the pace of growth in the economy. One of of principals in the Watergate. Now some of newspaper casually, and today's newspaper the reasons we have another thing that is these people were implicated to a very great is gone, it's discarded. I doubt if anybody generally characterized as bad, which is the extent. to the point of having been indicted. except people such as myself ever read news­ growth of corporate profits, is because we've Others may never be--or may be completely papers carefully or pull out something or got this tremendous growth in the economy. cleared. But they shouldn't all be set up as a refer back to something. The average per­ It isn't that individual companies are pricing rogues gallery. as though they were all in the son reads it as a casual source of general their products higher-because they're faced same status at the moment. information. He couldn't separate iri his own with guidelines-but because they're pro­ I have a heck of a time trying to figure out mind which newspaper he read something in ducing more, and consequently the profits how you protect confidentiality of sources­ or whether he heard it on television or heard are more. how you protect the newsman's right to go it on his car radio. He only knows that he The comparisons between wages and and investigate and report to the public with­ heard certain things. So I don't think a news­ profits really aren't fairly made. On the one out revealing his sources. and at the same paper's reputation is damaged by stories that hand, you have the profits coming out of the time how you protect people who might be it makes errors in. growth of the business, accelerating at a unintentionally destroyed by it. It's entirely For example, I don't think that most of high rate, and on the other hand you have possible that people who are later going to the error is ever presented as error to the wages of the individual not changing that be found innocent will have their reputations public. There's a correction printed occa­ quickly because there are more and more in­ damaged to a tremendous extent by what sionally, sometimes not. I've had little dividuals to distribute the increased total of takes place in the course of an investigation. things that from time to time I wanted to wages among. So I came out with an idea. How would it correct. I don't even try anymore. and I think We're still looking for some way to present work if the reporter, in the course of gather­ probably they shouldn't be corrected from this in perspective. But here, when you pick ing his story, were totally protected with an my standpoint, we shouldn't even try to cor­ up a newspaper like The Post, the headlines absolute privilege-even if he were writing rect because it just brings it up all over at least and the principally positioned stories matters that criticized the judgment of his again. would relate to what could be called alarming subject-so long as he did not accuse him of Q: In the Harding College speech you sug­ economic developments--inflation, too much any immoral or illegal conduct? But at the gested. that the "advocacy journalists," as profits, something that carries through the point the reporter singles out an individual you phrased it, in recent years have tended to thesis that the little guy 1s not being taken and writes-from not his own knowledge but be antigovernment. Do you think of this as care of but that the corporate people are the knowledge of some other person who has a problem that is particularly directed against being rewarded beyond their legitimate ex­ given him the information-a person that this administration, or are you concerned pectation-and nothing to inclicate that this he's not willing to identify-that this man about a general problem of skepticism of all 19096 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS - June 11, 1973 government officials in all branches of gov­ tor, a network commentator, becomes a very sation in the yoga position and very uncon­ ernment at alt"times? highly respected and regarded individual, ventional attire which probably did not at­ A: I think it's a general posture against the particularly if he's as personable and as de­ tract my sympathetic interest at the moment. power of t he government. The fear that power cent and nice as most of the people who And for half an hour they were involved in is being misused. And the social consciousness appear on U.S. television. relating their personal experiences. And one that things are not perfect. Not even equit­ There's a credibility that flows to these of them, just to give you an idea, was saying able. And the feeling that the government people on the simple basis that the average why his mother had an impact on his life. should be able to correct that. It's the old listener says, "Well, he has not an axe to His father had not been very kind to her and attitude that most young people have, and grind, why shouldn't he be telling me the never gave her anything for her birthday, I had when I was young, that if I could just truth?" There's an avuncular image, a benign except one time when he carefully packaged get in there I could straighten it all out. The image, that revolves around a commentator. a beautifully wrapped gift and presented it complexities of the competing positions are He is apolitical in their eyes, and he has a to her on her birthday. And then he began not discerned by somebody outside of the much firmer basis for being objective than through his own facial expressions to try and government-not as well as they are when someone who is in a position of political re­ show what her reactions were when she you actually have to get in and devise the sponsibility who is trying to explain why he opened up the box and it turned out to be a policy. Consequently, I think this causes a,n took certain moves or why he didn't take cer­ three-months' supply of his father's toenail orientation sort of hostile to the failures of tain moves. clippings. the government to realize utopian perspec­ Consequently, you can't conclude that, to And I kept watching it. I said to myself, tives. the average viewer, the analysis is regarded "There has to be some point to this. This is Q: Do you regard this incipient national with the same degree of suspicion as the being shown, it's being rebroadcast. It was press council as in any way being helpful subject of the analysis. You look at a Presi­ filmed on educational television. There's got in dealing with these issues that you've dent and say, "Well, he has his administra­ to be some point to it." I wasn't able to figure raised? tion's viewpoint, he's trying to justify what out what the point was. It was so distressing A: Well, I think some press councils have he's done." But these people (the commenta­ to me from the standpoint of a waste of good been successful. The Minnesota one appar­ tors) don't have anything to justify. In the time that I tried to get a copy of it and I ently has been successful. On the other hand, viewer's mind, they have no reason to go one couldn't. I feel ambivalent about whether a press coun­ way or another. Consequently, they are in a So again you have the question of media cil is of necessity the answer. There are dan­ much more formidable position to react pro judgment about what you use public tele­ gers in a press council. Clearly, a press council or con to what's said. vision for. To me, it is not justifiable that takes away a lot of independence of the Q: Would uou have a similar objection or the taxpayers have to pay for the filming of organ, independence that perhaps they are would you feel differently if the television something of this type. And in trying to de­ constitutionally entitled to. It's a question of networks, say, simply brought on other poli­ cide whether it has any :·edeeming social sig­ how much power it exerts. There's a question ticians representing different points of view nificance, I couldn't come up with it. of who is the press council-! mean, if the than the PTesident? So the people would be I think also that we tend too much to go paper's biased it's possible for a press council contrasting the views of one politician, the to the professional in looking for diversity: to be biased. There's no way to assure that it President, with that of other politicians? If we're looking for a conservative we go is a good press council. A: I think that would help. And some of hunt up J ames J . Kilpatrick or William Buck­ But I do think that the idea of a review for the networks have tried to do this, some­ ley. Because they're known. They may not be fairness in reporting is a good idea. How to times successfully and sometimes unsuccess­ reflective of contemporary conservatism in bring it about, whether it's through a press fully. But there is a danger in that also be­ the sense that perhaps a young intellectual council, whether it's through individual cause these are flash opinions based on 1m­ out of the Hudson Institute would be. awareness of the dangers inherent in drifting mediate reactions without any chance to stop Q: So in these terms it doesn't cause you unconsciously into a biased position, what­ and think through the speech or look back any qualms when the funding is taken away ever. I think that we have come some dis­ on it or examine it or check it against avail­ from a program like Buckley's or like "Wash­ tance in creating a greater sensitivity on able fact. And when you put somebody on ington Week in Review" or Bill Moyers or Liz the part of the media to the fact that they television, he has to say something. The Drew? Does that seem to you to be conso­ can, without even wanting to, drift into last thing he wants to say is, "I don't know nant with the general theory of diversity opinion patterns that are biased. anything about it." And consequently he may which you've laid out? Q: When you got into this subject several not be as careful or accm·ate or intelligent A: Well, the question then becomes wheth­ years ago your main concern seemed to be a Jout his commentary as he might if he had er the public dollar should be spent in the that television commen,tary was in effect jam­ time to think about it a little bit. propagation of political viewpoints, ap.d ming the President's message to the American Q: Are you concerned at all about the again that's a difficult subject. I don't feel people. Do you still see a real problem of question of access to the public for politicians qualified at this point to make the judg­ the President as one political actor getting other than the President, representing other ments on public television. Of course, I do his views across to the American people? points of view? want diversity, and I'd like to see us use every A: Not as much. I think there's been a A: Well, the question of access for well­ way to get it. greater restraint in commentary, a much known people is not a problem. If I want to Q: Let me ask you just one final thing: greater effort to report the totality of a mes­ gq on, I can go on. If a senator wants to get Do you have in general, as part of your theory sage than to reconstruct it. But it still has on, he can probably get on. But access for about the relationships between government certain inherent dangers. This business of in­ people who are not established personalities and media, any thought about the desira­ stant analysis: Certainly there should be is a problem. It's difficult. A young person bility or obligation of public officials to have analysis, and commentary, and opinion about who wants to begin a political career has a press conferences? Particularly public officials what takes place. But there's something in­ very difficult time getting his opinions aired like the President, who have really automatic sidious about having any speaker, a President, or printed, particularly if he has no office access to media on occasions that they choose for example, give a message to an audience in from which to speak. to make full statements of their own views its totality, and then having someone come on Q: In view of your stress again on diversity on a particular subject? right behind him and tell the people who just of opinion, what is your view of the actions A: Well, you run into a problem with press heard the message what was said. of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting conferences, and I'm not talking about the First of all, it performs not a purpose of on public affairs programming? President particularly. You go into a press enlightenment, because the listeners already A: I'm going to be candid and say that I conference that lasts an hour, and you cover have the whole message. They've just ab­ have not looked at enough public broad­ maybe 20 subjects. And you can pretty well sorbed it. The analysis has a way of em­ casting to have a firm opinion about it. And predict that the report on that press con­ phasizing certain things and certain possible I really should have inspected it a lot more ference will be on two, at the most three, of conclusions to be reached from those points carefully. those subjects. And particularly in a con­ that are being reiterated, and it can to some One thing I did see recently distressed me tinuing encounter with the press, as in a extent affect the viewpoint of the recipients. a great deal. I saw it on one of the com­ campaign. As you move from city to city, I don't think it should happen that way. mercial channels, but it was a rebroadcast of responses to questions in one city are Now, the following day if somebody comes on a public affairs program filmed by public brought up by the traveling press in another and says "Now, this is how I feel about what broadcasting in New York. And it appeared city, and a dialogue develops that has nothing the President said," that's different. on a program called "Camera Three," I think, to do with the subject matter in your cam­ that shows here on Sunday morning in Q: But isn't the same audience that has paign speech at that place, or with the just heard the Presi dent able to apply the Washington. interests of the people in that place. Press same intelligence in evaluating any com­ (Agnew apparently was referring to a "Camera Three" show produced for the CBS conferences often frustrate and infuriate ments that they hear after the President? public people when they're trying to get a I don't see why it's harder for them to see station in New York and shown here on through the commentary, if you will, than Channel 9 last February. It was an edited balanced report of what's on their mind and for them to analyze the evidence that the film of a conversation between the Scottish all they get is the ca'use celebre of the mo­ President has presented. psychiatrist R. D. Laing and Joseph Chaikin, ment with some new angle or some new A: Well, I'll tell you why. In my opinion, a founder of an experimental theater group in interpretation to a response or some alleged person who comes into a living room every New York.] conflict or nuance between a previous re­ night with regularity as a news commenta- There were two people sitting in a conver- sponse and that one. June' 11, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19097 EUROPE'S SPACE HOPES tion of booster technology that is already the text of an amendment I intend to available from the U.S. However, it also be­ hooves the U.S. to stop playing its cat and propose to H.R. 77, as reported with HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE mouse game with the availability of its amendments: "Pro­ OF TEXAS boosters. The U.S. should make it clear that On page 2, line 3, immediately after boosters will be available regardless of the vided," insert the following: "That no labor IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES temporary whims or shifts of polltical organization or employer shall be required Monday, June 11, 1973 fashions. to bargain on the establishment of any such France has also taken the European lead trust fund, and refusal to do so shall not Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, in in communications satellite technology and constitute an unfair labor practice, however, a recent editorial in Aviation Week, Mr. will be reluctant to surrender its ongoing once bargaining has produced an agreement Robert Hotz, discusses the plans of the programs such as Symphonie to a supra­ regarding the establishment of such trust European community to participate in national authority. However thorny these fund, it shall constitute an unfair labor the Space Shuttle program by designing problems of integrating the strong French practice to (A) unilaterally modify or termi­ and developing a sortie module. This pro­ space program into a truly European prog:am nate that agreement, or (B) fail or refuse may appear currently, they are bound to fade to bargain in good faith regarding such trust gram will be undertaken at the cost of in the future as new programs become too fund in the next subsequent contract ne­ the European community and will be a large and complex for any national resources gotiation between the same parties: Pro­ direct $250 million contribution to the in Europe. vided further,". flexibility and use of the Space Shuttle. The first example of this is now at hand This is a most welcome development in the opportunity for a European team to Mr. Speaker, I recognize and support which is well described by Mr. Hotz in build the space laboratory module for the the growing movement to make legal as­ U.S. space shuttle-a $250-300-million job sistance available on a reasonable cost his editorial: in the mainstream of future development. EUROPE'S SPACE HOPES basis to the median income as well as Two strong consortiums have been formed other segments of the population. H.R. Europe is finally showing an inclination to compete for this job if the new European to become a serious force in international NASA gives a green light. They are both 77, however, ought to be improved to pre­ space technology by mustering its consider­ headed by German firms, reflecting the vent abuses of the trust fund mechanism. able but dispersed technological resources strong technical capabilities and philosophi­ so that those employers who do not wish into a strong, homogeneous program that cal dedication of this country to space tech­ to participate in such programs will not transcends its narrow geographical and nology-a position that its financial re­ be faced with charges of unfair labor political boundaries. The basic decisions that sources cannot yet fully support. practices. translated these long-cherished hopes for a ERNO/VFW-Fokker heads a team includ­ My amendment would mean that the strong European space presence into the ing Dornier, AEG-Telefunken and Standard possibility of reality were taken by the Electrik Lorenz of Germany; Aeritalia of trust fund is considered to be a "permis­ ministers of the European Space Conference Italy, INTA and Sener of Spain, SABCA and sive" rather than a "mandatory" subject in Brussels late last year (AW&ST Jan. l, p. BTM of Belgium; Thomson-CSF and Matra of bargaining. Precedent is found in the 14). of France, and Hawker Siddeley Dynamics of previous exemption to 302(c) of the Taft­ Most important of these decisions was to Britain. Hartley Act, which contains identical junk the diverse and relatively ineffective or­ Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm heads the language in allowing employer payments ganizations of ELDO and ESRO and to create competing consortium with Siemens of Ger­ for scholarships or child care centers. a single European space agency along the many; Aerospatiale and SEP of France; Brit­ lines of the U.S. National Aeronautics and ish Aircraft Corp., Marconi and Garrett, Ltd., With my amendment, the bill would re­ Space Administration. of Britain; Selenia, FIAR and Laben of Italy; move the present obstacle to legal serv­ The other major decision was to proceed CASA of Spain; ECTA of Belgium, and Phil­ ices plans without mandating that such along organizational and development lines ips of Holland. ERNO has a technical as­ plans be established. that would eventually enable European space sistance agreement wU;h McDonnell Douglas It is also necessary to protect the em-· teams to participate on a significant techni­ and MBB with Martin Marietta. ployees' interests in such trust funds, if cal and scientific basis in the U.S. space We hope that both the European and U.S. established, from unnecessary disrup­ shuttle program. The space shuttle program NASAs give firm approval for one of these tions in the delivery of services. The is the most important future space program consortiums to do the space lab job later in the world. By moving into position to be this year, because it will represent a giant amendment would make it an unfair able to build and use a significant part of step forward not only for a truly European labor practice once such a trust fund has the space shuttle system, Europe will finally space effort but also toward the increasing been set up, to: ( 1) unilaterally modify get itself into the mainstream of interna­ internationalization of space technology. By or terminate the trust fund during the tional space technology. its very nature, the exploration and utiliza­ period covered by the bargaining agree­ This was a goal that many European scien­ tion of space must be international. It is ment; and (2) fail or refuse to bargain tists, engineers and government officials be­ ironic that space technology got its tremen­ in good faith regarding the trust fund lieved would remain permanently out of dous initial impetus from the fierce nation­ during the next subsequent contract reach. And so it would, if basic attitudes of alistic competition between the USSR and European governments had not changed. the U.S. negotiation. When the United States and the USSR en­ But the view of this fragile, tiny planet gaged in their massive technological struggle earth from the Apollo spacecraft has given for pre-eminence in the exploration of outer man a new perspective on his home. It is now space during the last decade, many influen­ clear that all mankind must be concerned THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION tial Europeans believed that the space game with the fate of this planet. The Apollo­ LAW, THE INTERNAL REVENUE was one in which Europe could never, by Soyuz joint manned space mission is a small SERVICE, AND THE GENERAL AC­ virtue of its divided entity, play a significant but significant step toward internationali­ COUNTING OFFICE role and that its only recourse was to dabble zation of space. European participation in in scientific experiments attached to the the U.S. space shuttle program would be coattails of the U.S. and USSR space giants. another larger step in this direction. We Major exception to this philosophy were hope Europe can organize its multi-national HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD the French under the leadership of the late technical resources effectively to tackle this OF PENNSYLVANIA Charles de Gaulle. He believed, and was able job and the European governments involved IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to convince his constituents, that space tech­ seize the tremendous opportunity it presents. nology was a vital sinew of modern power. Monday, June 11, 1973 He launched France on a vigorous ~nd am­ Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. Mr. bitious program of space technology from boosters to satellites. Speaker, over the past year I have on Ironically, it is this strong position of AMENDMENT TO H.R. 77-JOINTLY numerous occasions called attention to technical leadership in European space tech­ ADMINISTERED TRUST FUNDS abuses of the Freedom of Information nology th.at now makes France reluctant to FOR LEGAL SERVICES Act by the Internal Revenue Service and see its prowess merged into the European their continued refusal to permit the NASA. The French are struggling hard to General Accounting Office to conduct preserve European booster development, HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER management audits into how IRS is partly because of their own IRBM require­ ments and partly because of a basic distrust OF WISCONSIN spending the $1 billion plus tax dollars of dependence on uncontrollable sources of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it receives annually to carry out its op­ launch vehicles. Monday, June 11, 1973 erations. It really makes little sense for Europe, In this connection, I commend to our aside from the French military missile re­ Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. colleagues two informative articles fur­ quirement, to dilute it s resources on repetl- Speaker, I am inserting in the RECORD ther elaborating on the continuing ef- 19098 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1973 forts being made to get the IRS to com­ This was corroborated by Vincent L. Con­ try. Write to Hon. Joseph M. Montoya, 4107 ply with the law of the land. I commend nery, who had been an agent for 17 years, New Senate Offi.ce Bldg., Washington, D.C. the distinguished senior Senator from 1950 to 1967. He said: "IRS agents know they 20510, and Hon. Willlam S. Moorhead, B317-B are graded on production of dollars, not on Rayburn House Office Bldg., Washington, D.C. New Mexico, our former House colleague fairness." Connery now is president of the 20515. Band-Aid or "patch" approach partment of Peace is all about. 19106 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1973 A POW REPLIES do. So, Ms. Alexander, if perhaps the ladies for the first time in years we had a lot of seemed a little too radiant to you, all I ean things to grin about. The wives were radiant oft'er in their beh"S.lf is the thought that if you because they were happy to have their hus­ had been with these girls through these most bands back where they could touch them, HON. JACK F. KEMP trying year.s, perhaps you too would agree love them and be angry at them if they OF NEW YORK that not only did they deserve to put aside wanted. The freed POW's made similar state­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES t heir cares and dry their eyes for this once­ ments of gratitude to our Commander in in-a-lifetime occasion, but also that their Chief out of sincere admiration. While we Monday, Ju ne 11, 1973 radiance was nothing less than genuine. were in the Communist prison, the North Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, although I must say that I am rather dismayed to Viet namese kept msisting that the Admin­ remnants of Vietnam and Southeast Asia find that you believed the grins, salutes, Istration's Vietnam policy represented only a linger, and although there are some who statements of gratitude, etc., were rehearsed. small minority and that the American peo­ Just for the record, let me say that we re­ ple opposed it. The '72 election was an over­ continue to discredit much good that has ceived no briefing en route from Hanoi about whelming rebuttal to that. Most of us felt come out of this Southeast Asian episode our conduct or statements upon arrival at that the President was personally responsi­ of American history, there remains an Clark Air Base. Do you believe that men who ble for getting us out "with honor." Maybe enduring reservoir of strength in Ameri­ endured so much extra hardship and even "with honor" isn't too meaningful to some can ideals which will not disappear. Col. death rather than allow themselves to be but we would have stayed a lot longer rather Robinson Risner has breathed a breath used as propaganda tools would permit them­ t han come home Without it. of fresh air into the ongoing analyses of selves to be orchestrated? Don't you believe it! our Vietnam trials. During the time we were imprisoned and In responding to a Shana Alexander when it was possible for us to do so, we :MEDGAR EVERS column in Newsweek, Colonel Risner would discuss our basic beliefs and talk about movingly tells of some of the birthrights what we considered to be major issues. Over and freedoms for which·so many young the months and years we seemed to come to HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL Americans committed their lives or their a meeting of the minds on some of these is­ OF NEW YORK sues. Consequently if our statements freedom. I need not explain more. Colo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nel Risner speaks with a gracious elo­ sounded similar, all I can say is that our beliefs-the beliefs that sustained us through Monday, June 11, 1973 quence. The noble and enduring ideals these years-were similar. for which the great majority of Amer­ Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker- "BASIC METALS" icans continue to be grateful have not l've been fighting for America just as much vanished-no, not even after Vietnam. Let me try and explain it this way. If one as the soldiers 1n Vietnam. Colonel Risner's article follows: were to take ore of varying grades and sub­ ject it to suffi.cient heat and pressure over a These are the words of Medgar Evers. [From Newsweek] period of time, the basic metals would Ten years ago, on June 12, this great A POW REPLIES emerge. Men, too, are like that. What I'm black man and great American was (By Col. Robinson Risner ) trying to say, Ms. Alexander, is that we were not and are not unique. We are typical guys gunned down and killed outside his home (In her March 5 column, Shana Alexander from Anytown, U.S.A., and although we were in Jackson, Miss. In the 10 years since suggested that the returning American pris­ trained as fighting men, we cannot claim his death, the American experience has oners of war were actually "prisoners of uniqueness even among the military. The been one of violence and destruction and peace with honor"-men who were coached qualities or "basic metals" that emerged in sadness-in Dallas, in Memphis, in Viet­ by Pentagon public-relations brass on what us are, I believe, inherent in most Americans to say on repatriation. Air Force Col. Robin­ nam. and no matter what other dift'erences we But yet, it is important to remember son Risner, 48, a leader of the POW's own might sustain, these qualities are our com­ prison-camp command, gives his side of the mon denominators. those who died. It is necessary to remem­ story:) Regarding the "protective shield•' that was ber and reaffirm to ourselves the convic­ DEAR Ms. ALExANDER: Isn't it great to live provided us upon our return, I can safely tion that we will not rest until freedom 1n .. the land of the free" where people with say that those of us who returned from and dignity are afforded every citizen in 1n dissimllar beliefs can express themselves Communist prisons, as well as our wives, were this country and abroad. the same publication? I must confess I had deeply grateful for the meticulous planning long taken this and other freedoms for grant­ In his life and in his death, Medgar ed. But after having been denied them for that went into the preparations for our re­ Evers pursued this goal. We honor him lease and return to normal life. They had and cry for him, on this, the lOth anni­ seven and a half years, I can sincerely say every right to expect mental and physical that I am acutely aware of even the simple deterioration as well as deep psychological versary of his death. privileges we as Americans possess. problems. Believe me, I'm glad they planned I submit for the attention of my col­ You began your March 5 column with men­ for the worse and were pleasantly surprised. leagues and to help us remember, an edi­ tion of heroes of past wars and referred to torial that appears in the June 1973 edi­ the returned POW's as Vietnam's only heroes. "Who won?" When I am asked that ques­ You were only partially right. There were tion, I think, as I stated earlier, of South tion of The Progressive, entitled '"Medgar heroes in the prison camps-men who were Vietnam and most of the rest of Southeast Evers: Lest We Forget": tortured and some who died at the hands of Asia which is stlll free of Communism, and MEDGAR 'EvERs: LEST WE FORGET the enemy rather than compromise their the credibility of America's word with other nations. Yes, it was a very long war. It was Those Americans who advocate, or even principles; but there were other heroes of this not only long, it was the dirtiest kind of war. passively accept, the present slowing of war-men who fought with great valor and 1n betray .sacrl.ftces It was one in which deeds of valor became progress civU rights the many who died on the battlefield fighting so routine and taken for granted while a few of every man and woman, black or white, who that others might have some of the freedoms deeds of which we were not proud were gave their lives in the struggle for equality we enjoy. given the widest publicity. It was a war in of opportunity. In the 1950s and 1960s alone, Please don't misunderstand me, Ms. Alex­ which there were no clean-cut victories be­ at least fifteen civil rights leaders and work­ ander. I know that the Vietnam war was not cause there were no clean-cut front lines, ers were killed in the South whlle struggling perfect. either in its conoept or in its con­ no industrial complexes, no large cities to to achieve some measure of justice for blacks. duct, but then few things are. At any rate, take. In .short, It was a war to which Ameri­ The death of one of these leaders, Medgar South Vietnam still remains free of Com­ cans could not relate because it was uniLos Angeles America, met in Washington with senior tions on how enforcement problems may af­ and New York, and next year three more fect inter-American air traffic. Board officials to tell them of the massive dis­ field offices are planned-in Chicago, Seattle counting of tickets taking place and to so­ When I visited _with you 1n 1970 at your and Dallas. These field offices will serve as Seventh Conference I spoke somewhat ex- licit the CAB's attention and action to rem­ additional eyes and ears, and, we believe, edy this widespread problem. 9108 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1973 B. Act ion taken by the Civil A.erona:ut ics ticketed basis without being made to pay the half a billion dollars in revenue annually. Board on discounting larger fare. And of course there is the most because of discounting. The Board felt that the discounting prob­ common violation-the non-bona fide pas­ Now isn't lt worth it to the carriers for lem merited priority action, and began its senger4 us to do this? ..And doesn't this raise the efforts with a letter on June 26 addressed to In my remarks ln 1970 I spoke at length logical question of why the carriers are not the Presidents of United States and foreign on the requirements of bona .fide passengers cooperating to stop this self-destruction? air carriers operating to the United States. and how those requirements are violated. We have now had two additional extended That letter went to 104 airline presidents. Those comments were recorded in the publi­ investigations in New York conducted The letter from the Chairman identifi.ed the cations of this conference~ and are available jointly with lATA. One in November .and one problem, expressed the concerns of IATA, of to you there for reference. ,in March/April. These joint e1forts are ork­ the Air Transport Association and of the In this area the Bureau has recently ob­ ing welL Twenty-one international airlines Board, and declared th.at the Board would not tained cease and desist orders and $61,000 operating over the North Atlantic have been: condone any violations of the law. The air­ in civil penalties from three U.S. carriers for checked. .In .April a large part of 'Our inves­ line Presidents were requested to take im­ issuing group affinity tickets to ineligible tigative statf was engaged in these airport mediate voluntary .steps to stop discounting groups for transportation between the United examinations during most of the month. abuses and to inform the Board of any re­ States West Coast and Hawaii. Now, here is the encouragillg item. We have curring violations. 3. The third major category of malprac­ discovered that as a result of these checks This action was followed nearly one month tices involves Group Inclusive Tour Fores. discounting is diminlsh!ng and fewer v io­ later, on July 17, by a second letter from my These violations consist of excessive commis­ Lations are occurring. sions--through ~·overrides", "throw-aways". Bureau requesting specific information and E. Discounting in other-markets comments 'from the same 104 airline Presi­ and misla.belling commercial travel as in­ clusive tour. I hope that these expressions are This talk is entitled Enforcement Prob­ dents on the discounting malpractices. To lems in the North Atlantic and Latin America this was fa.mlliar to you. These terms .refer to decep­ letter attached a list of typical and Markets. and you may be interested to hear prevalent malpractices which I will go into tions practiced by agents and carriers on. the public. Some passengers on GIT's have been what I have to say about discounting in the shortly. Let me say here that these two let­ US/Latin America traffic. I will be btief. ters on discounting are at tached to the found to be travelling at reduced fares below required minimum land charges. Finally, we We do not have as much factual informa­ printed copies of my remarks, available for tion on discounting practices in air trans­ distribution here. The response to the two have discovered that some airlines are not abiding by the time limitations within which portation between the United States and letters was not gratifying. Although more countries in Central and South America as than 60 carriers replied to the Chairman's GIT tickets may be sold. Aooordingly, the original letter expressing their cooperation, Bureau has during the past 12 months issued we need to have. However, we have enough very few of them submitted any useful sub­ formal complaints against three United to be sure that such practices are very prev­ States carriers alleging a f.ailure to sell GIT alent and, like in the North Atlantic, very stantive information when requested by my harmful to the air carriers. This means, for Bureau to supply specific deta ils. tickets within the applicable time limits. 4. Finally, there is straight, pure, and un­ those of you in the audience whose govei·n­ It became dear to us that the only way to ments are having to subsidize national air­ attack the discount ing problem was through adulterated discounting. A specla.llzed fare that is subject to much abuse is the military lines, that you are paying to support a dis­ systematic and met icu lous investigations and counting habit. It is like a drug habit-if formal and Informal compliance proceedings. fare. In addition, youth fares. student fares, and regular fares are given in large blocks to you don't stop it, it will get worse. The with­ a. What are discounti ng malpractices? ticket agents to be sold at agreed discounts. draW11.1 symptoms may be painful, but that Before describing to you what we have We have had the harrowing experience of is the only way to save your patient. done to uncover and stop Ulega.l discounts finding an 81 yeay old nun travelling on a When letters to Presidents of the air car­ in the North Atlantic. it may ·be desirable youth fare. And some oi the quote .students riers were sent by the Chairman and my for me to outline some of these malpractices. unquote that move on Student fares .are pay­ Bureau in August and July of last year, less I believe that you and I will agree th11.t the ing for their fares from old age annuity than ten Latin American airlines responded. Ulustr.ative praetiees I ill mention .are il­ checks. This bas to be carefully monitored. We appreciate the comments that were made, legal. harmful and undesirable. If in your We have already collected $30,000 from an but-as was the case with the North Atlantic mind you question any of these, we ould Asiatic airline for discounting excursion :fare carriers-almost no .substantive information appreciate hearing of it back in Washing­ tickets and have charged a South Asia car­ was received. We are going to seek, with your ton. rier for selling youth tickets to all comers. assistance .and cooperation, to gather more First of all, we have divided these illegal Now that, in summary. is what we consider such information. discounts into four .major categories. These to be ticket discounting malpractices. That is In my country they tell the .story of the are: what we want to stop. I hope you agree. I clerk who lived in an apartment below a 1. Excursion Fare .Malpractices, 2. Group have no doubt that you know of some other workingman. Every night the workingman Affinity Malpractices, 3. Group Inclusive Tour ticketing malpractices. Please let me know would come in late, make a lot of noise, Pares, and 4:. straight Discounting. what these are. I may have an opportunity to and finally drop his heavy shoes on the tloor. Let me describe these to you. speak on this subject at other gatherings. So The clerk in the lower apartment could not 1. ExcuTsion fare malpractices .are very if you want to .send me some otha- 1llustra­ go to sleep until the workingman had dropped prevalent and may be the most difficult to un­ tions. 'I will be glad to add them to the list. both his shoes on the tloor. One night the cover. Principally, what you have here are D. Enforcement investigation and actions workingman only dropped one shoe. Finally, devices used to circumvent the time-limlt the clerk screamed, "Please drop your other Faced validity provisions. One device 1s the fail­ wlth this problem, and recognizing shoe so I can go to sleep." ure to enter minimum and maximum valldlty that caniers could not or would not on their We have dropped one of our shoes on the own take corrective action, v.>e sent our in­ dates on tickets~ coupled with a failure by North Atlantic. My message Is that we are "check-in,, agents to review the coupons for estigators out to do b11.ttle. going to drop the other shoe on the traffic time-limit requirements. Our first field examination into ticket dis­ between the United States and Latin America. The use of revalidation sticker.s without counting, oondueted jointly by Board in­ This may be keeping some air lines awake. proper endorsement or the use o1 a va.lldatian. vestigators and lATA compliance officers, If we a;re delayed in beginning these efforts, stamp 1s another typical trlck. Open out­ took place at New York's JFK Airport 1n Au­ and you become impatient, just lm.oek on the bound and open return tickets permit eaeh gust 1972. Four investigating teams screened ceiling and we will try to hurry up. fiight coupon to be usee independently nineteen transatlantic carriers for five days. Be~ore I leave these thoughts, let me say through Yevalidatlon stickers. The destruc­ The investigation was successful and pro­ that these are not the only two markets with tion of flight reservation records makes the ductive. discounting probl~ms. We see equally great misuse of revalidation stickers hard to detect. As we announced publicly in November, di1ficulties ac:ross the Pactfie. ant of some 8,900 tickets examined, over Another device used with excursion fares e hav~ already begun to examine bot h 1000, or about one out o~ every 9, contained is to keep passenger lists secret at turn­ passeng~r and em-go discounting problems in around points. As a result boarding passes ex­ suspected violations. About 39 percent in­ the trans-Pacific maYket, and our enforce­ ebangec1 for invalid coupons are used, or volved group affinity fares, 35 pel" oont were ment program in that area may prove to be r~ued or altered. fiight ooupons are given excurs·on Iare violations, 12 per cent 11.rose as Intensive 11.5 over the Atlantic. The time out. from inclusive tour irregularities and 5 per allotted to me today does not permit my ens­ 2. Now what about gr ou p affinity m4lprac­ cent co~Wem.ed youth and student fares. cussing the cargo area with you. But let me tices? You know many of the techniques. By You will be interested to know that air just mention this. Discount practices in the the way, many of these techniques apply also carriers corrected on the spot some 400 of caz-go field B;re of no less importance and to non-aftinity group fares. Travel-together the 1,000 violations uncovered. and "these no less llannful than passenger discoun-ting provisions are ignored. The mlnimum re­ correct ons resulted Jn additional revenues we a-re taking a very hard look at cargo prac­ quired number of passengers 1s not observed. for the carders of $9,635. tices In Ml&llll and will do tbe same thing in When a charter group does not have at least Some simple arithm.etic proves "tha.t if e the Pacific. We hope that Y0'\1 wlH 'Yery soon 40 persons, as .required, fraudulent medical foWl.d this amount of loss of revenue for begin to hea.Y the results of those effmts. and doctor certificates are put in to cover­ the carriers in a five day examination, Mr. F. Conclusion up the deficiency. In cases of oversold char­ Ham.m&rskjo d is correet th t the at 'l~ In concluding these remarks J: want to ters, passengers are tak.en on an individually as a group are probably losing close to a stress one thing. As Knut H&mma.rskjold has June 11, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19109 declared, the illegal ticket discounting prob­ on a fulcrum of active partisan politics the SPORT STARS LEND HAND TO CHILDREN OF lem poses a grave danger-not only to the fUll ombudsman idn. is either necessary or POW-MIA's traveling and shipping public, but also to workable. (By Andrew C. Seamans) the airlines. What association and govern­ However, in true Yankee tradition, the The return of U.S. servicemen and civilians mental compliance authorities do to correct concept has been borrowed and modified to from Vietnamese prisons and tiger cages has this problem will help the entire industry. meet a certain need. That seems to be spe­ had tremendous impact on the American These efforts can only succeed with every­ cial attention on difficulties encount-red by public. Patriotism, all but buried in recent one's cooperation. Airlines, governments, minority groups. At the State Capitol, Gov. years by left-Wing activists and their as­ travel agents, and the public must all render Rampton appointed separate ombudsmen sorted teams of cheerleaders, has been re­ their sincere assistance. The distinguished to follow up complaints about public services vived with unabashed statements of love for and infiuentlal participants in this conven­ affecting Utah's black and Spanish-American God and homeland by the ex-POWs (see Hu- residents. More recently, Salt Lake County tion can be of cardinal importance in mak­ 1\lAN EVENTS, Feb. 24, 1973, page 3). ing it possible to eliminate the grave prob­ Commission ChaL"""llan Ralph Y. McClure In return, the public has poured out praise lem of discounting from the world's air named a woman .>mbudsman (shoUld that for the returnees and their famllies to such transport industry. be ombudswoman?) for senior citizens. extent that some of the ex-POWs' loved ones I know that I can call upon all of you for Mr. McClure seemed to reflect the general have had to beg respite from overzealous, your help. purpose as he explained that older residents albeit sincere, well-wishers. are too often a forgotten minority when The men have been greeted at every stop public programs are adopted, financed and on the road home with banners, flowers, gifts, PROSPERING OMBUDSMAN administered. The same is said in setting up cheers and welcoming kisses from young ombudsmanship for racial minorities. And the women. The feeling has been mutual. The reasoning is entirely valid. men have shown profound, unashamed love Special problems confronting racial minor­ for the nation and the people, especially the HON. WAYNE OWENS ities and a growing popUlation of aged have youth of America. OF UTAH been overlooked as government deals with A common strain of concern for young community-wide needs. The white, working­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Americans has come through loud and clear age majority is more visible, therefore more in most of the ex-POWs' statements since the Monday, June 11, 1973 influential on policy and programs. Limited repatriations began in mid-February. In fact, ombudsmaneering can, ';hen, restore a proper three of the men from the first historic free­ Mr. OWENS. Mr. Speaker, on May 9 alertness to local government. 11 Members and myself Introduced H.R. dom flight visited Virgil I. Grissom Elemen­ Still, that may not be the end of it. In­ tary School at Clark Air Force Base the day 7680, a bill to establish an Office of creasingly, not only minorities complain after they reached the Philippines. Congressional Ombudsman. At that about insensitive, unresponsive government. Navy Capt. Jeremiah Denton, the first man time, I expressed the need for greater The feeling is almost universal. If the trend off the plane from Hanoi, Air Force Capt. expertise and resources in handling the continues, the U.S. ombudsman could be as John Borling and Army Master Sgt. William familiar and as indispensasble as it ever was A. Robinson went to the school to thank various constituent problems that we are in Sweden. called on to investigate. An Office of some 600 fourth-graders on behalf of the Congressional Ombudsman would pro­ other ex-prisoners for Valentines, posters, I welcome home signs and crayoned place mats vide such expert assistance. also NO GREATER LOVE the children had sent to greet the men at pointed out that such a centralized the hospital. operation would allow a thorough Denton, whose "God bless America" state­ evaluation of the practical effects of the ment at planeside electrified the patriotism­ laws and regulations on citizens by com­ HON. JACK BRINKLEY starved nation and at the same time raised piling records of complaints and con­ OF GEORGIA the hackles on liberal news writers, told the fusion so that what patterns emerge can IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES students: "We thought it was wonderful the hopefully be corrected. other day [the airfield welcome}, but I knew Monday, June 11, 1973 John and Bill are as overwhelmed as I am for Although the concept of an ombuds­ being here with little America today.'' man is well-established in many other Mr. BRINKLEY. Mr. Speaker, this Thursday-Flag Day-is a very special As the !ather of seven children. Denton co:mtries, it has been relatively slow in knows what the youngsters mean to a return­ coming to the United States. By noting day for many of us here in this body. On ing serviceman. And for the ex-POWs' chil­ the progress of several programs in Utah that day, No Greater Love, an organiza­ dren we can but imagine what it must be like and anticipating their continued tion for support and assistance to the finally having their fathers back after all growth, the Salt Lake Tribune has special young Americans, the children these years. helped further the public acceptance of of our servicemen missing in action, will But what of the thousands of youths hold a ceremony in the Rayburn Build­ whose fathers will not be coming home on such an idea. the freedom planes? What of the families of An editorial yesterday called attention ing. On that occasion, the son of one of our the men listed as MIA-missing in action? to Governor Rampton's appointments of Over 1,300 Americans are unaccounted for. ombudsmen for Utah's black and servicemen listed as missing in action will Their families stlll wait in painful vigil with Spanish American citizens, and to Salt be presented with a flag which has flown nothing but dim hope of reconcillatlon. The Lake County Commission Chairman over the Nation's Capitol. This will be stark reality is that most of them will never Ralph Y. McClure's naming an ombuds­ the first of many U.S. flags to be offered learn the fate of their men. to children in similar circumstances over While this situation will be extremely dif­ man for senior citizens. The editorial ficUlt for wives, parents, brothers and sisters concluded, and I wholeheartedly agree: the coming months. It represents the fact that his fellow Americans cannot of the MIAs, it will be even worse for the (I) ncreasingly, not only minorities com­ children, those Capt. Denton lovingly calls plain about insensitive, unresponsive gov­ and will not forget the sacrifices their "Little America." ernment. The feeling is almost universal. U fathers have and are making in the name MIAs' wives will, as have the POws• the trend continues, the U.S. ombudsman of this great Republic. spouses, try valiantly to fill the void in these coUld be as familiar and as indispensable as As a member of the National Advisory young lives that can only be filled by a it ever was in Sweden. Council to No Greater Love, I inVite all father. Women's liberation to the contrary, my colleagues to take a few moments of most mothers are not capable of helping a I appreciate the Salt Lake Tribune's youngster learn to bat a ball, steal a base, interest in this important matter, and I their time on that day to join in this ceremony. Among those attending will throw a pass or hook a worm. insert the full editorial into the RECORD: Although no Big Brother organization ex­ PROSPERING OMBUDSMAN be Members of both Houses of the Con­ ists for the MIAs' children, there is a group The "ombudsman" theory is obviously gress, former prisoners of war, and nu­ that comes close: No Greater Love. catching on. Starting at the state level in merous personalities from the world of No Greater Love began two years ago as Utah, it has now been added to Salt Lake sports. an effort, conceived by a young White House County government. But in a limited sense. staffer, Carmella LaSpada, to try to do some­ Perhaps the following brief history of thing to ease the plight of the POWs and the It is usually traced to original development No Greater Love, which was published in in Sweden, where a government office was MIAs. created to investigate complaints filed against the March 31, 1973, edition of Human Acting on her own, Carmella took a leave the bureaucracy. There -·.as always been some Events, sums up the story of the program of absence without pay in April 1971 to or­ ganize America's Sports Stars for the POWs­ question whether in a nation like the United better than I could express it. I recom­ MIAs. States where checks and balances between mend it to my colleagues and insert it in Miss LaSpada won the support of four the •rarious branches o! government work the RECORD at this point: prominent athletes to get the idea started: 19110 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1973 then-Baltimore Colts quarterback Johnny quarterback Roger Staubach, an Annapolis .Army Special Forces Maj. James N. Rowe, Unita.s, who since the beginning has per­ graduate, and such stars as Flip Wilson and who escaped from the Vietcong in 1968, said: formed yeoman service for No Greater Love, Carol Burnett. "Amnesty cannot be considered until all Baltimore Orioles third-baseman Brooks Last Christmas the list of participating missing in action are accounted for." Robinson, Hall of Famer Ted Williams and "Little Americans" had passed the 1,000 In essence, Rowe, who recounted his cap­ Olympic swim champ Don Schollander. One mark. Again the teams, the athletes and the tivity in his book Five Years to Freedom, of the athletes' first acts was to sign a letter show business people came through. Base­ was saying there can never be an amnesty to North Vietnamese Prime Minister Pham ball teams sent autographed baseballs. The for the runaways, for the missing in action Van Dong asking permission to visit Hanoi Philadelphia Phillies, in fact, with pitching will never be fully accounted for. as private citizens to discuss the POW's wel­ star Steve Carlton in the vanguard, sent grab Rather than worrying about amnesty for fare. Naturally, this request and subsequent bags filled with baseballs, T-shirts, batting those who refused to serve the nation, it letters to the North Vietnamese athletes' helmets and other gifts. Singer Bobby Sher­ would be far better to turn our attention association were ignored. man joined in with photos and record towards those who are left behind-the "Lit­ Foiled abroad, the sport stars' efforts were albums. tle Americans." soon turned toward the United States as a Washington area POW-MIA children were No Greater Love cannot rely on only fa­ result of a chance occurrence when some of the guests of the Washington Redskins with mous sports or entertainment figures for the the missing sevicemen's children wrote to a king-size Santa Claus, played by defensive money to guarantee the program's continued Unita.s and Robinson to thank the men for end Ron McDole. Some of the Baltimore existence. They must turn to the public. what they had done. Miss LaSpada and the Colts visited with a group of area POW-MIA Georgetown University in the Nation's Cap­ athletes saw an opportunity to ease the lone­ offspring in the home of one of the mothers. ital has given a special post office box to No liness of the youngsters. With the Vietnam cease-fire, many people Greater Love (P.O. Box 968, Hoya Station, With the aid of the National League of might assume that No Greater Love is fin­ Washington, D.C. 20007). Georgetown stu­ Families of Prisoners of War and Miss­ ished with its humanitarian effort. Not so. dents, led by 19-year-old Charles Fazio, have ing in Action, letters were sent to moth­ In fact, the program will have to be stepped volunteered to help answer the mail. Here's ers of the POW-MIAs' children, describ­ up more than ever. hoping these young people are kept busy. ing the organization and asking those who "People say the war is over,'' said Miss La­ wished to participate to list their children's Spada. "They fail to realize that 1,300 fathers names and their favorite athletic teams or are still missing. We cannot forget these chil­ athletes. dren. Actually, we want to expand the pro­ By November 1971 over 600 names had gram to remember all children whose fathers DEPARTMENT OF STATE AUTHOR­ been gathered. Without a budget and with were lost in Vietnam." IZATION CONTAINS TWO FATAL only a handful of volunteers, Miss LaSpada Expanding the program, though, is going FLAWS began the task of contacting the kids' idols to cost money. Unitas said: "We can't let and favorite teams as a special Christmas these children down. It's going to take at project. least $100,000 to expand the program and HON. ANGELO D. RONCALLO Within a few weeks the sports world had keep it going." OF NEW YORK responded with autographed photos, posters, That the program has been able to con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pennants and a wide assortment of other tinue as it has for the past two years is due gifts. Still the volunteers faced the Her­ largely to the efforts of a nucleus of key Monday, June 11, 1973 culean chore of wrapping and mailing the athletes and Miss LaSpada, who has used up Mr. RONCALLO of New York. Mr. packages before Christmas, but they made her life savings to keep going without a pay it on time. check. Without an increase in contributions, Speaker, it was with the greatest reluct_. . Since that initial project, the outpouring however, no Greater Love may be forced to ance that I voted against H.R. 7645, the from U.S. athletes for these children has been fade from existence. But anyone who knows -Department of State Authorization Act phenomenal. Miss La.Spada said: "Not one Miss LaSpada doubts she will let this happen. ·of 1973. The decision was particularly athlete has ever turned down a request from In fact, progress towards an accelerated painful because I strongly support the No Greater Love." fund drive has already been made. The Bos­ ·provision of funds to assist in the reset­ Some examples of the response : The Hous­ ton Globe has offered its help in publicizing tlement of Soviet Jewish refugees in ton Oilers and Philadelphia Eagles gave the tax-exempt program, as has Washing­ ·Israel. official National League footballs. Sports ton's WMAL radio-TV station. Others are also Illustrated magazine sent baseball and foot­ expected to join in. The measure as reported and eventual­ ball games. . · Mrs. Carolyn Cushman, whose husband Air ly passed, however, has two fatal fiaws, . Unitas personally autographed over 100 Force Maj. Clifton Cushman has been miss­ which to my mind made it unacceptable. photos with Brooks Robinson signing almost ing since September 1966, summed up what In this era of rising prices and con­ that many. Other stars .aent out letters and No Greater Love has done for their seven­ -fiicting demands on the Federal dollar, I photos, including Henry Aaron, Arthur Ashe, year-old son, C,olin. believe that Congress should stand in the Wilt Chamberlain, Joe Frazier, Rod Gilbert, "Most boys are introduced to football by -forefront of fiscal restramt. To raise the Billy Kidd, AI Kaline, Jerry Lucas, Bobby their fathers,'' said Mrs. _Cushman. "Colin Mercer, Joe Namath, Arnold Palmer, Bart hasn't been able to do this. But through per diem 50 percent for Members of Con­ Starr, Roger Staubach, Ron Swoboda, Jerry the program he was introduced to football in gress traveling overseas only tells the west and Ted Williams. Some stars even tele­ a unique way. It's really enriched his life." American people that we do not care, phoned youngsters. Colin recently announced that, as a result .that we believe we are· exempt from the Rep. Jack Kemp (R-N.Y.), a former Buf­ of getting signed photos from Staubach and belt-tightening we demand of the rest of falo Bills quarterback, also joined in the Unitas, he intends to become an NFL football the Government. effort. star when he grows up. · Civilian personnel of the executive . Even :former heavyweight champion Mu­ While not all of the children will grow up branch· except when traveling to Baffin hammad Ali, who fought against the draft to be professional athletes, the program has in the courts, chipped in by sending one had a positive psychological effect for the Island ·or Oman, or to Martinique and child a watch. . young people. They cannot boast, as their -some small Dutch islands during the The program has quite naturally resulted schoolmates do, of the things they do with ·height of the tourist season, manage to 1n some humorous and touching sidelights. their fathers on weekends and after school :survive on less than $50 per day. In most One youngster, who couldn't ·pinpoint a or about plans .for Father's Day. By bringing countries the per diem rate is much less favorite athlete, chose the entire Cincinnati in photos of personalities in the sports· or due to the low cost of accommodations Bengals football team. He and his brother entertainment field with a personalized sig­ and meals. Most often they wind up in­ received individual photos from each Bengal nature, the MIA children are able to show pocket even with these lower rates. player. In a letter to the team, the lad they too are special in their own way. Many thanked the players, adding the postcript: mothers have said this helps to some extent. Whereas I recognize that Members have "P.S. My mother didn't make me write this." No Greater Love has also helped enrich representational duties which often out­ The Chicago Bears received the following the lives of those on the giving end. Former strip those officials traveling on routine poignant message from a young girl: "My heavyweight champ Joe Frazier is an out­ business, I question the need and pro­ daddy used to watch your team on TV and I spoken proponent of No Greater Love. priety of staying in the very best Iuxw·y did, too. I was waiting for my daddy to come "I got five of my own (children], so I hotels and eating in the finest restaurants home from Vietnam, but I still watch your know what it means to have mP. around. I'm at the taxpayer's expense. Surely a more games." not home that often, but when I am it's modest standard would be sufficient. Last year No Greater Love stepped up its like the star on a crown. With these kids, So long as we insist on a worldwide fiat efforts and added entertainers to its ranks. it's a thrill to know somebody cares for Brant Parker, cartoonist of the "Wizard of them." rate per diem, not geared to price levels Id" .comic strip, designed a. special birthday One of the major drives among the anti- in individual countries nor refiected in card to be sent to each of the children on his war activists since the POWs have begun to actual vouchered expenses, I think we or her birthday. With these distinctive cards re-enter the country has been for amnesty can manage to survive very well on $50 went autographed photos of Dallas Cowboys tor the draft-dodgers and military deserters. per day. June 11, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19111 Similarly, how can we justify spending I hope to be able to de what I can: to infinite number of positive actions," Mr. $1,165,000 to establish a liaison office in encourage the kind of dialog and co­ Dandes insists. "We're slowly working out of will our 1970 image, but we've only been fairly Peking when we could use those dollars operative action which help bring successful. Today our political and com­ much better for social programs tthe Boston Globe who has writ­ the expansion of thought, the promotion businesses. University area stores seem to ten this article, states that in Boston last of dialog and debate, are all vital con­ have higher prices, give bad service to stu­ year, only 1 of 43 handgun murders was cepts which must remain realities in a dents, and discrimina+~ against them in re­ alleged to have been committed by a free and open society. It is my hope that gards to employment." legally registered owner. He also states such goals remain ones to which aca­ The articulate, soft-spoken Student Assn. that every 13 seconds, someone in the president from Flushing, L.I., feels that the demia and academicians remain deeply Buffalo community is, unfortunately, un­ United States buys a handgun, and every committed. aware of the many programs and services 58 minutes, a handgun is used to kill a I am grateful that this classical liberal that UB students offer to the public. He cited human being in this country. ideal is very much alive on the Univer­ as an example the Community Action Core, An earlier article was reprinted in the sity of Buffalo campus. In the words of consisting of more than 50 free programs CONGRESSIONAL RECORD on June 5, 1973, that great nineteenth century thinker, in tutorial, recreational and cultural realms. page 18201. I commend that article, and John Stuart Mill- Mr. Dandes also points out that UB stu­ the article which follows, to the atten­ In general, opinions contrary to those com­ dents sponsor many speakers and open up tion of my colleagues: these events to the public. Congresswoman monly received can only obtain a hearing by EvERY 13 SECONDS, A SALE-AND EVERY 58 studied moderation of language, and the most Bella Abzug of Brooklyn, Lester Maddox, lieutenant governor of Georgia, are two MINuTEs, A Kn.LING cautious avoidance of unnecessary offense, (By Nathan Cobb) from which they !l.ardly ever deviate even in speakers slated in the near future. Students a slight degree without losing ground; while are negotiating for Sen. Edward M. Kennedy Every 13 seconds-about the time it takes unmeasured vituperation employed on the of Massachusetts to speak at the "nllversity. to light a cigarette-someone in the United side of the prevailing opinion, really does de­ "We also offer the Buffalo community a States buys a handgun. ter people from professing contrary opinions, fine athletic program," says Mr. Dandes. And every 58 minutes, a handgun is used and from listening to those who profess them. "But local newspapers give twice as much to kill a human being in this country. For the interest, therefore, of truth and jus­ coverage to smaller colleges' athletic events Chances are very good that before you've tice, it is far more important to restrain this as they do to UB's programs." finished reading this Sunday paper another employment of vituperative language than Mr. Dandes views the relationship between man, woman or child will be dead or dying, any other.•.• (opinion) ought to give the university's students and the Buffalo shot by a handgun. merited honor to everyone, whatever opinion community as a dynamic, two-way process. The Great American Handgun Boom, he may hold, who has calmness to see and A mere welcome to students on the part of :flourishing despite five-year-old Federal laws honesty to state what his opponents and the Buffalo community is not enough, he supposedly designed to curtail the nation's their opinions really are, exaggerating noth­ says. And for th<;l students to"•.. move to­ privately owned small arms arsenal, is being ing to their discredit, keeping nothing back ward a sense of belonging, a sense of greater matched by startling increases in handgun which tells, or can be supposed to tell, in identity in Buffalo, they (the students) must crime. their favor. This is the real morality of public direct their energies into the goal of a more An in-depth Globe study, which reve~ed discussion; and 1f often violated, I am happy productive community and university." that 50 percent more handguns are being to think that there are many controversialists Asked if student and faculty expertise produced in the us since passage of the 1968 who to a great extent observe it, and a still could be pooled for such projects as the rapid Federal Gun Control Act, has also discovered greater number who conscientiously strive transit system, Mr. Dandes said that the use a corresponding leap in violent handgun use. towards it. of this talent would be productive, but to his In comparing national violent crime sta­ knowledge the community has not asked tistics compiled three years before and three Mr. Speaker, I find J. S. Mill most rel­ the university for such help. years after the passage of ostensibly stronger evant to the University of Buffalo. The Mr. Dandes is presently in the process of gun laws. these facts stand out: recent election of Jonathan A. Dandes as requesting county and city officials to speak Handgun murders jumped 87 percent be­ president of the University of Buffalo on and aid in his proposed image building tween 1966 and 1971, while murders with Student Association is only the most im­ process. other types of weapons rose at less than half Mr. Dandes was asked about alleged anti­ that rate. In 1971, the last year for which the mediate example of the kind of dialec­ Semitism directed UB students. Mr. Dandes, FBI makes such figures available, 8991 Amer­ tical movement I consider so essen·~ial. who is Jewish, said that the alleged anti­ icans were murdered with handguns-more Jonathan Dandes views the relationship Semitic barbs have never been aimed di­ than with all other types of weapons com­ between the university's students and rectly at him. However, he added, he is aware bined. the Buffalo community as a dynamic, of its presence on campus and off. Again it's During the same period, 1966-1971, hand­ two-way process. He hopes to better a matter of the university and the com­ gun murders of police officers more than utilize student and faculty expertise for munity understanding each other and work­ doubled. In the decade from 1962 to 1971, community related projects. I suspect ing together. Some Buffalonians believe that records show, 530 of 722 murdered pollce­ his thoughts will have a thoroughly posi­ UB is entirely composed of Long Island Jews. men-73 percent-were killed with hand­ And, some students believe that Buffalonians guns. tive effect on the University of Buffalo, generally are anti-Semitic." Aggravated assaults with firearms-of on the Buffalo community, and on the "Buffalo has many resources available to . which the handgun is the most popular relationship of the University of Buffalo the UB_student. Working together, the uni­ type-also doubled from 1966 to 1971. Mean­ to the community. · versity and the community ·can produce an while, aggravated assaults with all other 19112 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1973 types of weapons rose at less than hall th& "I'd have to say that roughly three-quar­ carbon copy of a measure defeated 87-7 last gun rate. ters of the guns we see are handguns," Lt. year on the Senate floor. Robberies by firearm nearly tripled be­ Carl M. Majesky, head of the bureau, said The closest shave the handgun business tween 1966 and 1971. The FBI estimates that last week. "We work on any crime involving has had recently came in the form of a bill roughly two out of three armed robberies firearms outside Boston, primarily identify­ filed last year by Sen. Birch E. Bayh (D­ are now committed with guns, and local law ing weapons, and we feel handguns are used Ind.) which proposed to ban the sale, im­ enforcement authorities confirm the hand­ so often in crime because they're concealable portation and manufacture of certain small gun is the most popular robbery weapon. and convenient." handguns. Aimed primarily at the new do­ The country's private cache of handguns Across town, deep beneath the John F. mestic manufacturers of so-called "Saturday stands at 30 to 40 million, with 2.5 mlllion Kennedy Federal Building, a similar scene Night Specials," those cheap handguns made more being manufactured or in1.ported this is found in the storage room of the Boston with foreign parts, it passed the Senate by year alone. Four of 10 guns now being marte district office of the Alcohol, Tobacco and 68-25 on June 27, 1972, but died in the in the U.S. are handguns, and there is one Firearms Bureau (ATF) of the US Treasury House without reaching a vote. handgun for every 1.5 American families. Dept. There, handguns by the dozens nor­ In Massachusetts, which passed the first In Boston, the capital of a state With one mally hang from the walls, most of them gun control law in North America in 1692, of the nation's strictest gun laws, 43 per­ seized in undercover operations carried out attempts to toughen laws continue to go cent of the 377 murders committed since against people selling guns illegally. down to ignominious defeat. A 1973 blll pro­ January 1970, have involved handguns. Last "The majority of guns we see and buy­ hibiting the sale and possession of handguns, year, nine times as many people were mur­ in other words, most of the guns being dealt except for or by members of the armed forces dered with handguns than with rifles and illegally-are handguns," admitted Arthur and law enforcement officials, was reported shotguns combined. Further, aggravated as­ A. Montuori, special agent in charge. "But unfavorably this year by a unanimous vote sault with a firearm in Boston has risen even though we make arrests, we don't get all of the Joint Public Safety Committee. almost 50 percent since st at e laws regarding the guns. They're still out there some place, This hardy perennial, sponsored by Sen. gun purchase were toughened in 1968, while on the lllegal market." ATF, in fact, seized Jack H. Backman (D-Brookline) drew a vocif­ armed robbery has more than t ripled. fewer than three weapons for every criminal erous and protesting group of 1000 gun own­ According to William J. Taylor, superin­ case it initiated last year. ers to a public hearing Feb. 15. Another bill, tendent-in-chief of the Boston Police Dept., Some law enforcement officials claim that sponsored by Rep. Peter F. Harrington (D­ the handgun is far and away the most prev­ black market sales of handguns may equal Newton), would have required the registra­ alent weapon used in all t ypes of armed legal transactions in number. In Boston, as tion of handguns with a barrel length of less crime. "One of the major factors driving up in any American city, it is easy to get a gun than six inches or an overall length of less · the crime rate is the availabllity of hand­ if you want one: in bars, on the street, in than 18 inches. It was defeated in the House -guns," Taylor said recent ly. "Outlawing well-known apartments. by a 151-70 m argin. handguns would make our job an awful lot But there is a striking fact about hand­ What finally did pass were six bllls, backed easier." guns used in crimes. While most are not by gun owners, which increased penalties for That Boston's h andgun murder rate is owned legally, virtually all were at one time violating various sections of the state's cur­ slightly lower than t he national average may legal guns which were legitimately manu­ rent gun laws. . well be attributable to the fact that hand­ factured, probably in New England. Some­ "The opponents of strong gun laws are where along the line, however, they were very well-organized," Sen. Backman ex­ guns are more difficult to acqu~ re legally in Massachusetts than in most states. In any stolen from the manufacturer, the retailer plained recently. "But the proponents who case the FBI reports that there is a signifi­ or, most likely, in a housebreak. Many also far outnumber the gun lobbyists, don't ban cant correlation between gun ownership and · came from neighboring states such as Ver­ together. They just don't get excited." mont, New Hampshire and Maine, where National polls, in fact, have consistently gun crime--the South, where gun ownership shown the public solidly backs stiffer gun is highest, has the highest gun. murder rate laws regarding purchase are weak. · In Boston last year, only one of 43 hand­ laws. But the number of handguns-and the and the hig~1.est rate for. aggravated assaults gun murders was alleged to have been com­ violent crimes in which they're used--con- with firearms of any region in the country; -tinues to mount. the Northeast, with lowest gun ownership, mitted by a legally registered owner. has the lowest rates for such gun crimes. · ·. "Guns _used in crime almost always come 1 Since 1967, at least t hree presidential crime _ commissions have linked violent crime to the ~~~~ ~~e t~~a~~a:a~~k:;i;i~:t~s ~c:~~:~ . breaks and other types of robberies of legal DR. FRED STAHUBER RETffiES ·stockpile of handguns in America, recdm­ owners. So, in the end, the source for illegal mending solutions ranging from stiffer laws · guns is legal owners." . to an outright ban . .The most famous, the Despite the overwhelming statistics which . National Commission on the Causes and Pre­ link handgun ownership to violent crime, HON. MATTHEW J. RINALDO vention of Violence, reported in 1969 that the handgun trade seldom meets trouble in OF NEW JERSEY "Firearms, particularly handguns, facilitate the form of genuinely restrictive legislation. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the commission and increase the danger of The business is locked firmly to the National most violent crimes--murder, robbery and Rifle Associat ion (NRA), which claims 1 mil­ Monday, June 11, 1973 assault." lion devout members and warned in the "We believe," the commission, chaired by Mr. RINALDO. Mr.· Speaker, this February issue of "The American Rlfieman," month, Dr. Fred Stahuber will retire as Dr. Milton S. Eisenhower, continued, "on the it s monthly magazine, that "Communist ba.sis of all the evidence before us, that re­ leaders and their henchmen or unwitting superintendent of schools in my home­ . ducing the availability of the handgun will tools continue to demand that US citizens town of Union, N.J. His departure will reduce firearms violence." give up their guns ..." punctuate one of the most progress!\ e Who kills with a handgun? According to "Henchmen" and "tools" notwithstanding, eras ever enjoyed by the Union Township Lt. Det. Jerome P. McCallum, acting head of the .more than 60 bllls that have been filed · School System. the Homicide Bureau of the Boston Pollee this year in both branches of Congress to I greatly admire Dr. Stahuber, both as Dept., the scenario for mtirder in the Hub amend the 1968 Federal Gun Control Act or an educator and as a man. Individuals of' goes like this: "Someone is drinking ..• add further restrictions to firearms pose his stature and character do not come there's an argument ... a handgun is ·some­ little real threat to the handgun market. where nearby ... someone reaches for it ..• Some are so innocuous they are backed along every day. . and a killing occurs." by the gun lobby itself. Those with teeth The Union Leader, my local newspaper, Indeed, the FBI's 1971 Uniform Crime Re­ are given little chance of passage. . last ·week published the following edi­ port points out that "The significant .fact Sen. Edward M. Kennedy's Personal Safety torjal salute to Dr. Stahuber, which I re­ emerges that most murders are committed by Firemans Act of 1973, which would ban the gard as so appropriate that I believe it relatives of the victim or persons acquainted domestic output of all handheld firearms not should be spread on the RECORD so that with the victim." designed for "sporting uses," is currently my colleagues can recognize the type of Adds McCallum, a 15-year veteran of mur­ resting quietly in the Senate Judiciary Com­ man and educator Dr. Stahuber has der investigations: "It 's the availabllity of mittee, where a similar blll died during the the blasted handgu n, t hat's all." been: last Congress. There is little hope within [From the Union (N.J.) Leader, June 7, 1973] At 1010 Commonwealt h av., row upon row the senator's office that it wlll be approved of handguns line t he walls behind the in its present form, and he is searching for a Fred Stahuber is about to retire as Union's locked steel cage protecting the Firearms more popular bill wit h which to couple some superintendent of schools and there's much Identification Bureau of the Massachusetts that we can say. Department of Public Safet y. More are found of his currently proposed measures in amend­ The trouble is that it sounds like a cllche: Inside several large metal drawers, and all ment form. He has been a hard-working, successful ad­ have been involved in some type of firearms An even stronger bill, filed by Sen. Philip ministrator, a patient listener and an Intel:. violation. Last year, the bureau investigated A. Hart (D-Mich.) and proposing to ban all ligent decision-maker. He has kept his mind 708 cases, a 43 percent jump over two years private ownership of handguns, is currently open an~ his voice low. He has been a con­ ago. Ninety-four of the cases were ·fatal pending before the Senate Subcommittee on servative wit h money and a progressive with shootings. Juvenile Delinquency. But it ls essentially a ideas. June 11, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19113 He helped to give Union a much better However, the OSHA standards appear plant" ever envisaged and a fleet of 20 cryo­ school system than the one he inherited. He to have been arrived at without the bene­ genic tankers. was the leading force in achieving racial bal­ The hard currency financing for the proj­ ance in the schools while strident voices were fit o.Z a careful evaluation of scientific ect, excluding the ships, will be about $2 damning his efforts. He helped get the tax­ data and certainly without due regard billion, Hammer said. payers to put up the funds that gave Union for the adverse impact they would have Hammer said that Japanese firms which a truly comprehensive high school-again on the orchard and tobacco industries. have been negotiating with the Soviets may with opposition that would have sent our participate in the project and take a portion children to two separated schools. of the gas. Those were big tests and big accomplish­ The Soviet gas provided for by the agree­ ments for the superintendent and the school THE USE OF U.S. CREDIT IN WORLD ment is intended for the west coast of the board. We remember those days well, because DIPLOMACY United States, Hammer said. Dr. Stahuber and the board went to the news­ Asked about probable delivery dates, the papers and to the people to tell their ideas Occidental Petroleum chairman said it will and their plans. They understood the citi­ take about six years for Russian gas to cook zen's right to know the facts and respected HON. JOHN R. RARICK American steaks. his ability to make intelligent decisions. They OF LOUISIANA Howard Boyd, the El Paso chairman who were educaton:. in the finest sense of the word. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES took part in signing the protocol, said one Lesser men-in this town and elsewhere­ of the major problems to be settled before have been fearful of informing the public. Monday, June 11, 1973 the agreement became firm was that of price. Yes, there can be difficulty dealing with an Mr. RARICK. Ml'. Speaker, it appears He said the price of the Soviet gas "will have informed public; the temptation to be silent absurd, but the present administration to be competitive with other liquid natural or to delay or to obfuscate is great. But no gas sources" in the world. public servant worth his salt is able to forget continues to consider extension of U.S. He said negotiations on an accept able his responsibility to keep the public credit to Americans inflationary, while price "will undoubtedly take time." informed. at the same time considering extension Boyd added that the Americans expected Fred Stahuber didn't forget when times of credit to foreigners as good business. to have "a firm understanding on price" be­ were toughest. Now we learn that the Russian oil deal fore the project is financed. That's the finest tribute a newspaperman is also to be financed in part by the U.S. Asked about funding for the project, Boyd can pay him. taxpayers, with money borrowed from referred to a deal El Paso is carrying out the U.S. Export-Import Bank. Efforts to with the Algerian government for Algerian increase U.S. petroleum production are natural gas. He said the Algerians raised part of the money from a consortium of SECOND THOUGHTS apparently inflationary, while develop­ American banks and the rest was borrowed ing Soviet production is supposed to be from the U.S. Export-Import Bank. He said good business. he expected the Soviet project to be financed HON. ROY A. TAYLOR We fm·ther learn that our country along the same lines. OF NORTH CAROLINA plans to extend military credit to Chile Boyd said that according to the let ter IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for the purchase of 16 jet aircraft. The of intent signed with Deputy Foreign Trade rationale seems that we must finance the Minister Nikolai G. Osipov, the American Monday, June 11, 1973 Chilean sale so that they do not buy firms "will counsel the Soviets on financing." Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina. Mr. from the Russians. Asked how the Americans would handle customary Soviet secrecy in providing such Speaker, I wish to join with other Mem­ In one field we are financing Soviet essential data as proven gas resources, Boyd bers of Congress who have expressed technology and production, while in an­ replied, "We have to be satisfied .... their strong opposition t0 the announced other area we are financing sales to limit "This was explained to the Russians, and intention of the Occupational Safety and Soviet sales. we have been assured that all the necessary Health Administration to implement on In the interim, possibly because the geologic data will be provided to satisfy us." June 18, 1973 its so-called pesticide Chase Manhattan Bank at No. 1 Karl He said he expected there would be on-sit e safety regulations. Marx Square, Moscow, and the Bank of examination by the American firms. Orchardmen in my congressional dis­ America have transferred their credit to Hammer recalled that Occidental had re­ trict who are knowledgeable in the use the Soviet Union, they have announced cently signed what he called a "firm con­ tract" with the Russians on an $8 billion of pesticides from long years of expe­ that their prime U.S. lending rate has chemical deal and revealed that the Rus­ rience are alarmed over the grave eco­ been raised to 7.5 percent-obviously to sians had insisted the agreement get the for­ nomic impact which implementation of help control inflation by discouraging mal backing of the U.S. government. the proposed OSHA standards would Americans from obtaining the credit that "Such agreement has been given by our have on the apple and tobacco industries they have helped these two banks amass. government. Letters have been exchanged," of western North Carolina. We may not be curbing inflation, but Hammer said, meaning that the fertilizer Experts in the use of pesticides ad­ o~r leaders and multinational financial deal was sealed. vise me that there is no credible scien­ institutions are certainly following the Hammer said he is still discussing with the maxim of sharing America's wealth with Soviets a project to build an international tific evidence to justify the emergency trade center in Moscow and to sell to the nature of the OSHA order and that the the world. Russians a system for converting garbage standards proposed are both unrealistic I am inserting the related newsclip­ into oil. and unreasonable. pings in the RECORD: Hammer said the Russians would be given A spokesman for the North Carolina [From the Washington Star-News, a proposed agreement on the trade center Appl~ Growers Association warned a few June 8, 1973] today and that he expected some action on days ago that the OSHA order "is going U.S. FmMS TO BUY SovmT GAS it by the time Communist party chief Leonid to result in higher production costs for Moscow.-Two American firms signed a Brezhnev goes to the United States June 18. the growers and is going to put some letter of intent today to import more than Hammer also said that he was trying to $10 billion worth of natural gas from the interest the Russians in a prototype plan producers out of business." his firm has in California to convert waste I am somewhat encouraged to learn Soviet Union over a 25-year period. The agreement was between the E1 Paso disposal into oil. Hammer said the Soviets that OSHA is apparently having some Natural Gas ·:'o. and Occidental Petroleum would visit the California-plant soon. second thoughts over the wisdom of its Corp. on the one side and the Soviet Min­ hasty proposal. I base this on informa­ istry of Foreign Trade on the other. [From the Washington Post, June 10,· 1973} tion that top Labor Department ad­ Occidental chairman Armand Hammer an­ CHILE SAID To BuY U.S. JETS ministrators were on Capitol Hill Friday, nounced the "agreement of intention" at a SANTIAGO.-The Chilean Air Force plans to June 8, to discuss the matter with appro­ news conference. buy 16 F5E International jet interceptors priate Members of the House and Senate. "Quantities up to 2 billion cubic feet per from the Northop Corp., El Mercurio, the Hopefully, their conferences will lead day are contemplated," he said. usually reliable opposition newspaper, said to a stay of the June 18 effective date for "At current market prices, such gas over yesterday. the 25-year term of the agreement would ex­ Chile will pay for the planes with a $16 implementation of the OSHA order. ceed $10 billion to the U.S.S.R. It is expected million credit, the report said. Everyone concerned recognizes that that this sum will be spent for U.S. goods and The Nixon administration announced last agricultural workers must be protected services." week that the president had lifted a ban on against the hazards of toxic chemicals. Hammer said the project will require a the sale of sophisticated military hardware Everyone is for realistic standards in this 2,000-mile pipeline from Yakutsk to the to Latin America. The Latins have been buy­ regard. Vladivostok area, "the largest liquefaction ing advanced equipment from France and 19114 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 1973 other nations, and the United States had vantage. Under the legislation, a nation­ Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Minnesota, been losing out on the market without da.mp- wide criterion-referenced test in reading Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, and Ohio. 1ng down the regional arms purchases. and mathematics would be administered Oklahoma, Oregon, Puerto Rico, South A State Department official was reported to a sample of children across the coun­ Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Virgin Islands, as saying last week that Chile preferred the F5Es to :r.nG-21s offered by the Soviet Union. try. Based on the results of this assess­ Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, The United States last extended military ment, program money would be distrib­ Wisconsin, and Wyoming. credit to Chile in 1971, when it loaned the uted to the States. Each State in turn In the States where the information government of President Salvador Allende would distribute the money to local is used for statewide decisionmaking, ver­ $5 million for the purchase of a. C-130 trans­ school districts based on their own state­ bal, and mathematical achievements are port plane. wide assessment programs using either measured. This information is apparently criterion-referenced or norm-referenced of the most value in assessing the cogni­ (From the Washington Post, June 8, 1973] tests. tive skills which children have mastered. BANK OF AMERICA, CHASE MANHATTAN RAISE I have found that many States are al­ Both criterion-referenced tests and PRIME LENDING RATE TO 7.5 PERCENT ready using statewide assessment pro­ norm-referenced tests are found in pro­ (By James L. Rowe Jr.) grams or plan to do so within the next grams of statewide assessment. But where The prime lending rate was raised a quar­ few years. A book soon to be published the results are used for State-level de­ ter point, to 7.5 per cent, yesterday by major by Joan S. Beer and Paul B. Campbell cisionmaking, the trend is toward criter­ banks, including the nation's biggest bank, Bank of America. in San Francisco, and the entitled "A Nationwide Survey of State­ ion-:!"eferenced tests. The implication is largest business lender, Chase Manhattan of wide Assessment" reports the results of that the results of criterion-referenced New York. a comprehensive survey of each of the tests have the greatest potential to be New York's largest bank, First National States. The results indicate clearly that effective in distributing Federal funds City Bank, is expected to follow suit today, all 50 States, the Distlict of Columbia, fairly and equitably. when it automatically adjusts its prime lend­ the Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico In discussing the major problems re­ ing rate on the basis of a. "floating" formula.. either have an operational assessment lated to assessment programs with each Citibank relates its prime lending rate to program, are developing a program, or other interP.st rates in the money markets, of the States, the two eternal problems specifically the rate prevailing on 90-da.y, are in the planning state. More specifi­ are not enough money and not enough dealer-placed commercial paper. cally, 28 States and the District of Co­ staff. The States seem committed to the Other banks raising their prime rates yes­ lumbia have existing statewide assess­ value of statewide assessment but feel terday included Manufacturers Hanover, ment programs and 22 States, the Virgin that their lack of financial and personnel Chemical Bank and Marine Midland, of New Islands, and Puerto Rico have emerging resources prevent them from developing York; First Pennsylvania of Philadelphia. and programs. as fully as they would like such aspects Mercantile Trust Co. of St. Louis. Among the 28 States and the District as dissemination, interpretation, accept­ The quarter point increase in the prime of Columbia which have statewide pro­ lending rate was initiated Wednesday by ance, understandings, awareness, and Girard Trust in Philadelphia, which was grams, 17 collect information for State­ utilization of assessment results by teach­ quickly followed by two major Chicago banks, level decisionmaking and 13 collect infor­ ers and administrators. Continental and Harris Trust. mation for local-level decisionmaking. In Yet another encouraging trend is the It is the fourth increase in the prime rate eight of these States where the achieve­ increasing involvement of citizens in goal since April 16, when the government told ment levels are collected primarily for setting. For example, in Wyoming a series banks they could allow the prime rate to State purposes, the results are used to of discussions were held with the par­ move up and down with other money market allocate Gtate and Federal funds to ticipation of a State Sounding Commit­ rates, provided that consumer and small school districts. In 10 other States, the business lending rates were restrained. tee, the State superintendent of public Before April 16, the government had been intentions are to use assessment in­ instruction, the State board of educa­ pressuring banks to hold down the prime formation to distribute funds. This would tion, the State education agency, stu­ rate-the rate they charge large corporate suggest that for the Federal Government dents, teachers, administrators, the borrowers for short-term loans. As a result, to utilize the results of statewide assess­ teacher's association, staff from the na­ because other money market rates rose faster ment programs in distributing title I tional assessment of educational prog­ than the prime rate, businesses which other­ funds would not cause an additional gress, and other educational experts. The wise would have obtained cash in the com­ problem for the States but would allow goals were in turn presented to the State mercial paper market, for example, borrowed them to use a system they have already from banks. board for endorsement. Other States This phenomena dried up funds that banks developed. such as Georgia, Michigan, Kansas, would otherwise have lent to small busi­ For the information of the Members, I Idaho, Virginia, South Carolina, and nesses and consumers. am listing the States which have pro­ Colorado have conducted similar pro­ Most industry observers expect another in­ grams in each of the three categories grams. These suggest that many States crease in the prime rate to 7.75 per cent, and discussed. You will note that New York are grappling with the important issue of predict that the rate might reach 8 per cent is listed under two categories since they the educational goals they hold for their before lt begins to fall again. have separate programs which serve dif­ The current prime is the highest since children. ferent purposes. The data in a nationwide survey of September 1970 when it touched 7.5 per cent The 17 programs for which the em­ on its way down from the historic high of statewide assessment show clearly that 8.5 per cent which prevailed in the credit phasis is on collecting information for States are moving in the direction of crunch of 1969 and 1970. State-level decisionmaking are in these statewide assessment and in some States States: this is being accomplished through State Arizona, California, Colorado, Connec­ legislative mandate. But more impor­ ticut, District of Columbia, Florida, tantly the information obtained from the STATEWIDE ASSESSMENT AND Maine, Massachusetts, and Michigan. assessment is helpful in establishing TITLE I OF ESEA Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, State goals for education and assessing Tennessee, and Texas. the progress made in reaching these HON. ALBERT H. QUIE The 13 programs for which the em­ goals. Beers and Campbell in their book OF MINNESOTA phasis is on collecting information for indicate that- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES local-level decisionmaking are in these statewide testing can help to bring greater stability into the educational process by Monday, June 11, 1973 States: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, HawaU, steering a. well-planned educational program Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, 1n March toward well-considered educational goals. 1973, 5163, Idaho, Iowa, and Kentucky. I introduced my bill H.R. the Mississippi, New Hampshire, New This recent report suggests that for "Educationally Disadvantaged Children's the Federal Government to move 1n the Act of 1973." This bill, which amends York, North Dakota, New Mexico, and title I of the Elementary and Secondary Pennsylvania. direction of using the results of state­ Educat1on act, is designed to distribute The 24 emerging programs are In these wide assessment in distributing title J: funds on the basis of educational disad­ Stalies: funds concurs wtth the direction that the vantage rather than economic disad- Alaska, Georgia, Dlinols, Indian~ States themselves are taking. Jttne 11, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19115 A HELL OF A TOWN Yorkers are creeps, but it gives me a warm ord~red his car to proceed to the little feeling of pride to know so many wonderful town where the President indicated he people get themselves together for something wished to be present at the initiation of like this. I think New Yorkers are marvelous." HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL Cathleen Jordan, chairman of the event, the boy from the Presidential yacht, Wil­ OF NEW YORK estimated that $3,000 would be realized liamsburg. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from it. Mr. Speaker, once again it is my priv­ ilege to read into the RECORD the ar­ Monday, June 11, 1973 ticle from the spring issue of the Free­ Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, though I mason entitled "Truman the Ritualist": might receive arguments from my col­ TRUMAN THE RITUALIST TRUMAN THE RITUALIST leagues in Congress, there is no doubt President Truman's great love of Masonic in my mind that New York is the great­ HON. WM. J. RANDALL fellowship and the ritualistic work in the est city in the world. For sheer excite­ tiled Lodge room was frequently evidenced ment and magnitt:de, nothing beats New OF MISSOURI during his years in the White House. Some IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sources indicate that he Raised more than York City. 30 candidates during those nearly eight The spirit and imagination of our city, Monday, June 11, 1973 years, always with the strict injunction that and especially its citizens, was no more Mr. RANDALL. Mr. Speaker, President no publicity was to come from his partici­ in evidence than on West 69th Street Truman had a great love for !lis Masonic pation. That was easier said than done! this past Sunday. For on that afternoon, fraternity. That love was frequently ex­ LT. NEVILLE J. M'MILLAN the West 69th Street Block Association pressed during his years in the White A petition presented to Alexandria-Wash­ sponsored the fifth annual "Little Old House. It is estimated that he raised ington Lodge No. 22, early in 1945 bore the New York Festival." more than 30 candidates during the name of Lt. Neville J. McMillan, the son of I now submit for the interest and col­ nearly 8 years he was in thP. White House. A. T. McMillan, Master of Grandview Lodge lective jealousy of my colleagues, the He insisted upon the strict injunction No. 618 in 1916. New York Times article concerning the The young officer's father and Truman that no publicity was to come from his event, entitled "'Old New York' Ji'astival had worked together in Grandview Lodge participation. Of course, that was not Draws 3,000 to West 69th Street Block." and Truman had presided as Master at the It is indeed my privilege and pleasure always possible but it certainly was his Raising of the elder McMillan. Truman of­ firm intention. to be able to represent the citizens of fered Alexandria-Washington Lodge a high­ In the spring of 1973 issue of the Free­ ly favorable recommendation of Lt. McMil­ West 69th Street in Congress. mason there are recited several in­ lan and planned to be in attendance on the . The article follows: stances of Mr. Trun1an's participation in evening of April 12, 1945, when his petition "OLD NEW YORK" FESTIVAL DRAWS 3,000 TO lodge ceremonies. One can read with was voted on. In fact, Truman and _Rep. WEST 69TH STREET BLOCK William C. Cole from St. Joseph signed his great interest how he jomneyed from About 3,000 people turned out in ideal petition. weather yesterday for the fifth annual "Little the White House over to the Alexandria­ President Franklin D. Roosevelt died April Old New York Festival"-an event sponsored Washington Lodge No. 22 to participate 12 and Truman was sworn into office as by the West 69th Street Block Association to in the initiation of Lt. Neville J. McMil­ President within a few short hours. He could beautify the block and help elderly citizens lan, son of A. T. McMillan, master of the not go to Lodge, but he sent three Masonic living in the neighborhood. Grandview, Mo., Lodge No. 618 back in members of Congress to speak for him, and There were 79 display booths and carts 1916. McMillan was elected to receive the degrees. between Columbus Avenue and Central Park Then the President later went out to Bro. and Rep. Cole wrote Truman on West, offering food and merchandise pat­ April 16 that McMillan "is scheduled to re­ terned after the turn-of-the-century New Grandview, Mo., to assist in conferring ceive his Entered Apprentice Degree on York scene. But despite the straw hats and the second degree i:-1. the Blue Lodge on Wednesday, April 19. I will keep in touch striped jackets, a good bit of Orchard Street Harry A. Truman, son of his brother with his progress and inform you of the date and the more contemporary Lower East Side Vivian and nephew of the President, at that he is to be raised if you so desire.'' of the nineteen twenties and thirties filtered the Grandview, Mo., Masonic Lodge. Cole did keep the President advised of through. In this same article, there appears a McMillan's progress and again wrote Tru­ "A FORM OF THERAPY" story of the incident wher. Mr. Truman man on September 27, 1945, that "I am A large, brightly colored gazebo functioned walked from the White House to the happy to inform you that he has successfully as an all-purpose reviewstand and band­ Washington Lodge in November 1947 to completed his Entered Apprentice and Fel­ stand. Costumes ran the gamut from 19th­ lowcraft degrees and will be raised at the century New York to hot pants. There were assist in conferring the lodge's third de­ Lodge room of the National Masonic Shrine blue T-shirts specially designed for the occa­ gree on Capt. Thomas J. Burns, assistant at Alexandria, Virginia, on Thursday, Octo­ sion. Lettering on them said: "I got mine on White House physician. It was noted ber 11, or at any other date that suits your West 69th Street.'' that after a 12-year lapse former Grand convenience." Richard Smith, a public-relations director Master Truman of the Missow·i Grand Truman appended a note to the bottom who lives at 41 West 69th Street, set a wooden Lodge recited his lines without missing of the letter addressed to his appointments board on a barricade horse and invited people a syllable. secretary, Matthew Connelly. to knock nails into the wood. The price was Finally, one of t.he most famous Ma­ "Matt: I'd like to go. This boy's father is two nails for a nickle or five for a dime. my good friend. In fact I took him through "It's a form of therapy," he explained. "It's sonic incidents involving President Tru­ and he served as Master of my little Lodge. better than th.ree years of psychoanalysis.'' man occurred in 1948. It was at Kokomo, The boy's brother was killed in the Pacific. There was a "white elephant" booth loaded Ind., on October 15. While Mr. Truman HST.'' with things that people living in the neigh­ was talking from the rear platform of TRUMAN ATTENDS borhood wished to dispose of. An outdoor beer his train, he noticed a young man in U.S. Thanks to the Virginia Masonic HemlcL garden and sidewalk cafe served beer for Navy uniform. He motioned for the young 50 cents. we are able to tell the rest of the story of The "our own thing" booth featured arts man to come up and shake hands. Mr. the Lieutenant's initiation. and crafts made for the festival by people Truman had recognized the young man Early on the day of the communication, on the block. There was a fortune-teller as one of the crew from the Presidential Secret Service men swarmed into the George booth, and for 25 cents you could get an yacht, Williamsburg. The young man was Washington Masonic National Memorial and old-fashioned haircut from an old-fashioned, Donald E. Bauermeister. He immedi­ carefully scrutinized every square inch of it outdoor barber. ately invited him and his father to board and set up guards throughout the building. "The only difference between an old-fash­ the train to ride on into Indianapolis. The Alexandria-Washington Lodge was opened at 7:30p.m. by W. M. Marvin L. Wil­ ioned haircut and a modern haircut is the En route he discovered that the young price," said Luis Sepulveda, who charges $2 son. Although no notice had been given to for the same trim in his shop at 204 Colum­ man was to receive his third degree that the members through the press or otherwise bus Avenue. night at Beech Grove Lodge No. 649, the grapevine apparently had carried the As a free service, the Parks Department about 8 miles from Indianapolis. The news far and wide that the President was p1·ovided a sportsmobile, a puppet unit and President was invited to attend and at expected. An overflow gathering filled the a show wagon where the "Child in Time" first declined. large Lodge room and there was not even rock group played. But, that was not the way things standing room left. "I love it,'' said Barbara Good, who orig­ turned out. Following Mr. Truman's President and Past Grand Master Truman, inally came from New Jersey and now lives evening speech at the Indiana War accompanied by Secret Service men who at 113 West 69th Street. "Everyone says New Memorial in Indianapolis, the President were members of the Fraternity, was escorted 19116 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 11, 197·3 to the Altar and introduced. He was con­ Truman later changed his mind. William ficial of the government meteorological bu­ ducted to the East and accorded the honors J. Bray, special assistant to the President, in rea1.1 said today that "all signs are there for due his rank as a Past Grand Master. an Oral History Interview tor the Truman a largely normal monsoon." After Brother McMillan was Raised, Tru­ Library, recalled that "when the train ar­ Unfortunately, even 1f the rains come­ man spoke briefly. rived in Noblesville, Indiana, :tor another and are abundant-the immediate effect will When the Lodge was closed, Truman re­ platform speech, several of the Secret Service be only psychological. Tempers of city dwell­ mained in the room to greet the members men left the train to put into adoption a ers, exacerbated by high prices and unavail­ personally and autographed the dues cards plan which had been drawn whereby the ability of food, will be_ temporarily cooled. of all who asked. He remained until a late President could participate in these cere­ Farmers, millions of whom have had to turn hour before his Secret Service team insisted monies.... to government relief projects for survival, that he must return to the White House. "Following the speech (a.t the Indiana. will be able to go back to the land. President Truman later wrote the Master War Memorial at 8:30 that evening in In­ But it will be five months before the crops of the Lodge that "I enjoyed the visit and dianapolis) the party returned in cars to they sow reach food shop counters. Mean­ wish it were possible for me to make more of the train. The car that the President was while, the government has to find ways of them. supposed to ride in at the head of the proces­ filling the gap left by last year's monsoon "Neville McMillan is a good young man­ sion, however, was occupied by two members !allure and the resultant widespread drought. just as his father was before him." of his party and his personal secret sc ·vice This drought, and the dismal performance NEPHEW OF THE PRESIDENT bodyguard, Henry Nicholson. The ca:r con­ to date of the recently nationalized whole­ taining the President and several Secret Serv­ sale wheat procurement program, a.re forc­ The Kansas City Times of Nov. 2, 1946, ice people proceeded to this little town where ing India to import massive quantities of took note of another unusual incident 1n the the President had indicated that he wished grain from the United States and other life and activities of President Truman. to be at the installation of the boy from the countries. "After leaving his mother's home last Williamsburg. . .. About an hour later the According to an informed Finance Min­ night, President Truman paid a visit to the President returned to his rallroad car, very istry source, Mrs. Gandhi's Cabinet is con­ Grandview Masonic Lodge No. 618. While much pleased that may'1e he had made sev­ sidering a proposal to purchase an additional Engle Wray, the Master of the fraternal or­ eral people happy. Of course he had made 4.5 mlllion tons of grain, having bought 2 ganization, was supposed to be the only one many, many people happy, especially the boy million tons earlier this year. apprised of the visit, somehow a rumor had and his father. It was not untn two days Although officials refuse to admit it yet, for spread around among the Masons of Wash­ later tha.t word 'leaked out' about the Presi­ fear of driving prices up on foreign markets, ington Township and a good crowd was on dent's detour and it did not make the press Indian purchasing agents are already shop­ hand. feel very happy that they had missed quite ping 1n the United States and Canada, as "The meeting was called for the purpose a scoop." well as in Argentina and possibly in parts of of conferring the second degree in the Blue The young sallor's mother, Mrs. John Europe. Lodge on Harry A. Truman, son of his brother Bauermeister, wrote Truman on Dec. 18, to The public, though, does not feel any Vivian Truman and a nephew of the Presi­ thank him :tor "the time you spared, on Oct. compunctions about discussing the need for dent. 15, 1948, to be present at the raising to a imports, and all its implications that India's "In the ceremony, the President took the Master Mason of our son, Don." And she much-touted "green revolution" and na­ role of Worshipful Master and his brother said "I also wish to thank your daughter for tionalized domestic procurement are not pan­ performed the duties of Senior Warden. the beautiful orchid she sent to me. I still ning out. Following the ceremony, a social period was have it, and hope to keep it always." The food shortage is discussed everywhere. held "in which Mr. Truman visited with his "Whenever I meet a foreigner," says one fellow Masons" before starting the jom·ney young New Delhi housewife, "I rush up and home to Independence. ask, How ts the wheat crop 1n your coun­ CAPTAIN BURNS try this year?" INDIAN FOOD CRISIS A RESULT OF Even when admitting that imports will be Newsweek magazine of November 1947 GOVERNMENT AND NATURE necessary, image-conscious Agriculture carried this account of President Truman. Ministry officials play down the quantity. The "By a companion's count, not one in 20 latest figure being :floated publicly around strollers recognized the blackhatted figure HON. JOHN R. RARICK New Delhi is between 2 and 2.5 m11lion tons. walking briskly up Pennsylvania Avenue in Foreign specialists note that while the Washington last Thursday evening, Novem­ OF LOUISIANA government's desire to wait until American ber 6. As his Secret Service guard tralled him IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and other prices decline is understandable, discreetly, President Truman walked the Monday, June 11, 1973 much more delay could prove far more costly three blocks from the White House to the in human terms than any saving warrants. Masonic Temple and, once inside, donned Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the food Even if a major purchase is made 1n the the traditional white apron. Reason: Capt. c1·1sts in India is being exploited in antici­ United States right now, at least three Thomas J. Burns, assistant White House phy­ months would elapse before the grain could sician, was taking the Lodge's third degree. pation of more American handouts. The report of the food shortage in In­ reach Indian ports. Though some of th~ officiating Masons India finds itself having to buy at a time 1lubbed their lines during the initiation cere­ dia should serve as an education to those when wheat is in short supply worldwide. monies, all noticed that Former Grand Mas­ Americans who feel political solutions The Soviet Union and China have made ter Truman of the Missouri Grand Lodge re­ can solve all problems. major purchases 1n the United States, can­ cited his, after a 12 year lapse (what News­ Indian farmers are refusing to sell ada and Australia., greatly reducing avallable week didn't know wouldn't hurt them), with­ their crops at prices fixed by the Govern­ stocks and sending prices up. The Indians out missing a syllable. Later the President ment-which the fanners consider too were bitten badly when they bought 2 mllllon chuckled: 'I thought Burns• eyes would pop tons last winter, just after the Russians made out. Wish I could get out this way more low. be a kUling in the United States grain market. often.'" The Indian food crisis should stud­ So, whlle trying to play the ma.rket abroad A SAU.OR ied as indicative of what American con­ but at the same time create a scare at home One of the most famous Masonic incidents sumers can expect should our Govern­ and get farmers to sell their crops. the gov­ involving Truman as President occurred in ment freeze food prices. The only dif­ ernment seems to unroll d11Ierent sets of fig­ 1948 during his campaign for re-election to ference is that our American consumers ures at different times and for di1ferent audi­ the White House. have no "sugar daddies" in the State De­ ences. It was at Kokomo, Indiana, on October 15, partment who would come to our aid and The habit of downgrading needs and exag­ that Truman noticed a young man in a U.S. gerating goals is a long-standing one in In­ Navy uniform. After Truman finished his talk bail us out of such socialistic short­ dia. This year, for example, the government from the rear platform of the train, he mo­ comings. claimed that the current wheat crop would tioned for the sailor, Donald Earl Bauermeis­ A related newsclipping follows: total 30 million tons and that 8.1 mlllion ter, to come up and shake hands. Truman [From the Washington Post, June 8, 1973] tons of this would be procured ior public had recognized the young man as one of the INDIA PONDERS MAssiVE GRAIN IMPORTS distribution. Now if will total crew from the Presidential Yacht, Williams­ (By Lewis M. Simons) it looks at the crop no burg. more than 26 million tons. The procurement NEw DELHI, June 7.-The next two weeks system, nationalized in April, has so far Young Bauermeister and his father were will be a period of weather-watching and netted 3.2 million tons. Agriculture Minister invited to ride the train into Indianapolis intense worrying 1n Prime Minister Indira Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed said yesterday that and during the trip, Truman discovered that Gandhi's government. If the impending mon­ he was now hoping for a total of 6 mllllon the sailor was to receive his third degree that soon fails to develop, India faces its great­ tons. night at Beech Grove Lodge No. 649, about est food crisis in modem history. According to experts, though. the chan~s eight miles from Indianapolis. The Presi­ So far, the signs are promising: rain has of approaching this newly lowered target are dent was invited to attend but expressed been reported in the state of Kerala, at the nil. doubt that he could becaues of a tight Subcontinent's southwestern tip, and 1n Farmers are refusing to sell their erops at schedule. Bombay, on the Arabian Sea coast. An of- the government's fixed price, which they con- J?!-nf? 11, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19117 slder too low, are taking the chance that a Cadet James J. Pelosi had been ac­ In the-.first few months after the silence poor monsoon will drive their profits up. cused of cheating on a test by continuing began. Lieutenant Pelosi, a 21-year-old na­ Actually, the chance the .farmers are taking to write after the instructor had .asked tive o.f West Hempstead, L. L lost 26 pounds, is small. Even if the monsoon is good, food !ound his mail destroyed and his possessions will remain in short supply until the crop the class to stop writing. The cadet vandalized, and saw his cadet peer rating comes iri. Thtis the open market price .for honor committee at first found him drop from among the highest in his 100-man their hoarded crops can only improve. guilty but the case was later dismissed company to 979th, lowest in his entire class. In fact, the government itself may .have because of "command in.fiuenoe" and AN UNWRITTEN PROVISO to raise procurement prices. Already, the Pelosi was 1·etumed to the corps of A member o.f the Cadet Honor Committee AgricultUre Ministry is trying to tempt cadets in good standing. Despite that de­ farmers to come across by offering them in­ himself, Lieutenant Pelosi was a.ocused of cision. however~ the cadets chose to im­ ducements such as seed, fertilizer and violating the honor code at the beginning of diesel oil to power tractors and irrigation pose upon Pelosi their severest form of his junior year. In his attempt to maintain pumps. social ostracism-silence. For over a year. his innocence, he found h~lf ea.u,ght in These offers, which might have proved the Academy's cadets did not talk to an aspect o.f th.allonor system that is unique tempting had the government not taken Pelosi except on o:tficial business, and to West Point among the nation's service over procurement, seem to be going largely they harassed him and threatened him academies, little known to the public at unheeded. A large majority of farmers have as wen. large, yet almost as old as the honor code already committed their crops and them­ itself. The '-'silencing', of a cadet by his fel­ The "Silence,'~ a total fOI'm of social os­ selves to former wheat wholesalers, who were low cadets is an unofficial plmishment; put out of business by nationalization. tracism. is defiaed in an official Army memo­ Just as the wholesaler predicted when yet it is clearly sanctioned by the West randum as "a traditional .and unwritten pro­ the government took over the trade, the Point .administration. It is a form of viso of the Honor System designed to deal farmers are sticking by their old middle­ cruel and unusual punishment that has with a cadet found guilty of a.n honor viola­ men. 'l."he reason is not that farmers are no place anywbere in Amel"ican life, and tion, but who does not elect to resign and cannot be discharged because oi Ia.ck of suffi­ ba.lking at Mrs. Gandhi~ attempt to extend particularly not in an institution of socialism, or even that they are interested in cient legal proof." higher learning where a respect for law The Silence is rarely imposed, because maintaining old friendships. It is 'far more is supposedly taught. practical. most cadets faced with the prospect chose The former wholesalers are the only source The "silencm~· is indicative of the to resign. Perhaps the best known victim of of loans for millions of peasant .farmers. Academy's entire honor code. which is the system was Benjamin 0. Davis Jr.• who In theory any farmer, even the smallest archaic and which indoctrinates the was silenced during all his four years at West peasant landowner, should be able to bor­ cadet with the principle of blind obedi­ Point, 1932 to 1936, because he is black. He row from nationalized banks to finance his ence to arbitrary military authority. I went on to become a. lieutenant general ill next crop. But the bankls have Withheld the Air Force. think the entire eode deserves public Under the cadet Honor Code-"A ead.et wlll smaJ.l loans and instead have offered money serutiny. only to blg landlords and, lronicalty, the not lie, cheat or steal or tolerate those who former wholesalers. I would like now to insert the follow­ do"-the charge against Cadet Pelosi was The farmers are also being pressed not to ing article from the New York Times construed as cheating by the Honor commit­ sen by opposition political parties. Buoyed of June 7,1973: tee. by dissatisfaction in the countryside over SILENT AGONY ENDS FOR CADET AT POINT Cadet Pelosi refused to take the usual the government's low purchasing price, (By Linda Greenhouse) course of resigning from the Academy and oppoSition politicians ranging from the ex­ appealed his ease to a board of oftleers ...When WEST POINT, N.Y., June 6.-James J. Pelosi you're right, you have to prove yourself,.. he treme right-wing Swatantra Party to the was graduated from the United States Mili­ Marxist Communist Party are gaining niches said the other -day in an interview at the tary Academ-y here today, more than a year Beat' Mountain Inn. tn former Congress Party strongholds. and a half after he was officially "silenced" Although the government is not prepared It was a. ilecision that ehanged the young by his fellow cadets. man's life. "I'd do it over again,"' be 68.id. "'Td to admit that wheat trade nationalization Beginning in November, 1971. Cadet Pelosi, Is a failure signs of acknowledgment are hate to have seen some guy sUenced who who reeeived his commission today as a. sec­ might ha e given in to lt and quit... growing. - ond lieutenant in the Army, had roomed ''COMMAND INFL1JENCE'" A few da-ys ago, for example, the junior alone and eaten by himself at a. lO-man agricultural minister, Annasaheb Shlnde table in the cadet mess hall. Almost none An officer .board w.a.s convened, but halfway conceded that the government was "rethink­ of the 3,800 other cadets talked to him ex­ through its hearing Dad.et Pelosi's military ing'' itS plan to extend nationalization to cept on o.ffi.cial business. in .class. or to de­ lawyer, Capt. David Hay-es, moved to .have the wholesale rlee trade ...We are free to liver a message. the case dismissed. He learned that the examine the situation and make changes in A 44-member Honor Oommittee, senior Honor Committee, before it made Its deci­ our decisions,, he said. cadets elected by their " and or­ Commenting on the new goal, the cadets. dered Cadet Pe1os1 returned to the Corps of respected Ca.leutta. Statesman said in an edi­ When his name was called to step up and cadets In good standing~ torial Wednesday: "An ambitious target 1s reeelve biB diploma today, Lieutenant Pelosi, In response, the H<>tnote of not going to allocate funds for any water re­ the piece is the head of an engineering es­ Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker~ my distin­ source project that did not have an impor­ tablishment in Chester Depot, Vermont. guished colleague, Congressman J. J. tant national defense value. In this the only One of our natural Tesources ha1! always case of massive impoundments until the PICKI.E, of Texas. wrote a very informa­ been fiinty New Englanders who puncture tive and helpful article which appeared present times, Congressional outcry was mas­ holes in myths, sco.ff at popular passions, dis­ sive and bitter. dain platform shoes and get right

The change shows most dramatically at the imported shoes are d.rlvlng the domestic in­ a pa-ssing car killed a 16-year~ld pupil near supermarket checkout stand. Our food prJces dustry to extinction and that the Japanese Locke High School. Tile car sped into the have gone up because the rest of the world 1s are using tr.a.nsistor .radio and .small car school parking lot and three pupils were later now afiluent enough to bid for our .food sup­ money to buy up our forests for their .hous­ arrested. plies. The message .is that we must compete ing boom. Fifteen handguns were confiscated last in the marketplace with the rest of the world We'd better get rid of our buggy whip mea­ year in Atlanta schools. A 12-year-old boy, as a strong, but no longer dominant, suring system before the rest of the world angered when schoolmates chided him for producer. get a 10 kilometer head start on us. disobeying a traffic signal, got a pistol from And it is hard to JSell a machlne designed in home and opened fire on the school play­ feet and inches in a country thinking in ground. He hit no one. centimeters and millimeters. Four high school pupils, three -of them Batchelder tells us our present unlts of THE MENACE OF SATURDAY 1\TJ:GHT girls, ere expelled this month in San Fran­ measurement are the essence of convenience SPECIALS cisoo for earrying guns. because they are honed by centuries of use. School officials in Topeka, Kan., took a gu n The inch, foot, mile, pound and so forth from. a girl Who said she needed it for closely correspond to the size of things in protection. everyday use, he says, even if tradition has HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM There were 15 school gun cases tn Det roit them conforming to the size of some mon­ OF NEW YORK and four in Seattle during the last year. arch's thumb or foot. The result. he says, iS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Since September, 15 incidents were reported to reduce the number of digits needed to in New York and 16 in Kansas City. express a given dimension. Monday, June 11, 1973 "We have a problem a.nd it 1s inereasing," He says the meter (about a yard) is too said Everett Copeland, .security manager for Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, the con­ Kansas City SChools . ..Kids carry guns for long to use as conveniently as the foot and tinued manufacture and distribution of the liter (about a quart) too small to be as di.tferent reasons. Some say they have been useful as a gallon. handguns, including cheap small-caliber t hreatened. Some involve extortion att empts. To the extent we're familiar with the foot pistols, commonly called "Saturday night Some kids just say it's a status ~bol." and the gallon, perhaps. Change is always a specials/' constitutes a pressing danger NATIONAL STATISTICS wrench. But what happens when we go either in our country. Especially 1n large urban The problem has escalated so rapidly t hat up or down the scale of magnitude? Oilmen areas, the easy availability of these weap­ national statistics are lacking. A few schools found the gallon too small for their use and ons has given a strong impetus to crimes now keep records on gun incidents, but com­ adopted the obscure barrel (42 gallons) . What of personal violence, particularly mw·­ parative figures from past years do not exist. 1s the inherent advantage over hecto liters der, and The International Assn. of School Security (about 25 gallons)? robbe1-y, assault battery, and Directors l-ast year began pushing for uni­ Barrels themselves are a good illustration 1·ape. form reporting procedures that would in­ ot the confusion inher-ent in our present sys­ I have introduced legislation which elude sueh figures. tem. Every trade w.hich uses them, uses a would ban the importation, manufacture, "There is no question about the increase, " ~lfierent size. The beer barrel, for example, distribution, and possession of all hand­ said James Kelly, who directs school security is about 31 7'2 gallons. guns, except those used by the Armed seminars for the International Assn. of Wha-t about the mile. What is sacred or Forces, law enforcement personnel, and Chiefs of Police. "There are thous&!lds of even logical about the 5,280-foot mile? Even cheap guns on the streets. The kids pick an uninitiated mind ean grasp the relation­ members of pistol clubs . .All too often, them up with ease. These kids have definitely shJp between the meter and kilometer. One the only use of pistols in American so­ moved out of the zip gun stage." is just 1.000 times longer. ciety is in the commission of crime. Their Europeans have been doing just fine with elimination would deprive street crimi­ meters .and kilometers, grams and kilograms nals and hoodlums of a weapon which for generations. I doubt Batchelder would be has caused innumerable t1·agedles across JAMES R. SCHLESINGER willing to ooneede that the average European the country. is any smarter than the average American. Now, the "Saturday night special" Going the .other way: The ounce (avdp.) is HON. CRAIG HO ER used probl{IDI has begun to spread from the the smallest commonly measure of OF CALIFORNIA weight in the English system which even the Nation's streets into the Nation's English are abandoning. Anyone working schools and classrooms, as students be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with smaJ.l quantities is either forced to work gin packing pistols instead of notebooks Monday~ Jurre 11, 1973 with clumsy tractio.ns of the ounce or convert, in increasing numbers. The proliferation as all drug manufacturers have done, to ex­ and accessibility of cheap pistols is dis­ Mr. .HOSMER. Mr. Speaker# some in­ pressing their weights in mllligr~ (one­ rupting the learning process and making teresting sidelights on the new Secretary thousandth .of a gram.) schools in<:reasing].y unsafe for serious of Defense were noted by Ed Prim~• .editor Batchelder menti