Universidad Complutense De Madrid Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas

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Universidad Complutense De Madrid Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS TESIS DOCTORAL Estudio taxonómico de los genéros Ulex L. y Stauracanhus link. en la Península Ibérica MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Paloma Cubas Domínguez DIRECTOR: Salvador Rivas Martínez Madrid, 2015 © Paloma Cubas Domínguez, 1983 ) s ! Paloma Cubas Dominguez iiiiiiiiiiii ^5309867419 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE rw ESTUDIO TAXONOMICO DE LOS GENEROS U Œ X L. Y STAURACANTHUS LINK. EN LA PENINSULA IBERICA Departamento de Botânica y Fisiologfa Vegetal Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid 1984 # DîBIJOTECA Colecclôn Tesis Doctorales. NS 211/84 (c) Paloma Cubas Dominguez Edita e imprime la Editorial de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Servicio de Reprograffa Noviciado, 3 Madrid-8 Madrid, I984 Xerox 9200 XB 48 O Dep6sito Legal: M-20413-1984 Paloma Cubas Domfnguez Estudîo taxonomico de los génères Ulex L. y Stauracanfhus Link, en la Penfnsula Ibérica i ' ' Director: Prof. Dr. Salvador Rivas-Martfnez Catedrâtico de Boténica de la Facultad de Farmacia de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Biologfa Enero 1983 INDICE 1. Introducciôn ............................. 1 1.1 O bjeto.................................. .2 1.2 Desarrolio hîstôrico de la taxonomfa de los gêner os Ulex y Stauraconthus.. 3 1.3 Delimitaciôn genérîca y de tas secciones ...................................................................7 1 .4 Posiclon de los géneros Ulex y Stauracanthus en lo tribu G enîsteoe.. J.I 1.5 Esquema taxonômico J 8 2. Morfoiogfa general ....................................................................................................20 2 .1 Morfoiogfa végétative.................... 21 2 .1 .1 Porte y ram ificaclân ........................ 21 2.1 .2 .Formas de creclmlento ............... 23 2.1.3 Hojas y fîlodlos. ................................................... 25 . 2.1.4 Indumento ........................................ 26 2.2 Morfoiogfa floral......................................... 27 2 .2 .1 G eneral........................................................... 27 2.2.2 C éllz..... ............................................. 29 2.2.3 Corola........................................................................................................................... 31 2.2.4 Androceo y gîneceo ............................................................................................. 31 2 .2 .5 Fruto y semlllas ........................... 32 3. Corlologfa ■ • 3 5 3.1 Introducclon ........................................... 36 3.2 Material. ........................................................................................................................ 40 3 .3 Métodos ......................................... 41 3 .3 .1 Mitosis..............................................................................................................................41 3.3.2 Melosis...................................... .4 3 3 .4 Resultados y dîscusîan ..................................................... 43 Ill 4. Pallnologfa............................... 77 4 .1 Introducclon. ................................... 78 4.2 Material.............................................................................. ............................................... 80 4.3 Métodos.................... 83 4.4 Terminologfa....................................................................................................................... 85 4 .5 Descrlpclon general del polen de Ulex y Stauracanthus y descrlpciones espe- c If leas ............................................... 87 4 .6 Dimerfiiones del p o le n . ..................................................... L22 4 .7 TamaMo del polen y ploldid ................................................................ .132 5. Blometrfo............... 135 5.1 Blometrfa del céllz ............................................................................................... 1 3 6 5.1.1 Introducclon .................... 136 5 .1 .2 Material y métodos.............................................. ..................................... .. 137 5 .1 .3 Resultados y discuston............................ 147 5.2 Blometrlo de las semlllas........................................................................................... 168 5 .2 .1 M aterial y métodos..................................... 168 5 .2 .2 Resultados y dlscuslôn ................ : .......................... .170 6 . Dlscuslôn general de la evoluclon en Ulex y Stauracanthus .........................175 6.1 Introducciôn .......................................... 175 6 .2 Numéro cromosômico bésico y pollploldfa en Ulex y Stauracanthus ...............J76 6.3 Algunos consideraclones acerca de la evoluclon dentro del género U lex .. J78 7. Sîstemétlca. ............................. 184 7.1 Género Ulex ....................................................................................................................185 Sect. Sompaloo. ............................................................................................ 185 1. U . argenteus................................. 186 1.1 U. argenteus subsp. argenteus...................................................................... 186 1 .2 U. argenteus subsp, subsericeus.................................................................... 189 IV 2. U. erinaceus............... 192 3. U. canescens ................................... 193 4. U. erîocladus ................................................................................................... 198 5. U. australis........................................................................... 201 5.1 U. australis var. australis........................................................................... 202 5.2 U. australis var. welwitschlanus................................................................. 206 6. U. parvîftorus............................................. 209 6.1 U. parvîflorus subsp. parvîflorus...................................................... 210 6.2 U. parvîflorus subsp. rlvosgodayanus.........................................................215 7. U. baeticus ................................................. 217 7.1 U. baeticus subsp. baeticus .......................................................................... 217 7.2 U. baeticus subsp. scaber. ...................................................................... 221 7.3 U. baeticus subsp. glabrescers .................................................................... 222 8. U. jussiael ............................................................ 224 9. U. micranthus. ............................ 227 Sect. -Groclles. - ....................................................... 230 10. U. densus. ...................... 230 Sect. Ulex. ................................................................... 234 11. U. europaeus......................................................................................................234 11.1 U. europaeus subsp. europaeus............................................................. 235 11.2 U. europaeus subsp. latebracteotus...................................................... 238 12. U. minor........................ 241 13. U. gollll............................................... 244 7.2 Género Stauracanthus.......................................................... 250 1. St. lusitanicus ................................................................................. 252 1.1 St. lusltonicus subsp. lusitanicus ................................................................ 252 1.2 St. lusîtanîcus subsp. spectabllls ................................................................ 256 2. St. bolvinil ................................................. 257 7.3 Clave de géneros.......................................................................................................... 262 7 .4 Clave para la Penfnsula Iberica de las especîes del género Stauroconthus262 7 .5 Clave para la Penfnsula Ibérica de las especles del género U lex. 263 8. Resumen y conclusîones .................................................................................................... 267 9. Bibllograffo. ............................................. 271 1. INTRODUCCION 1.1. Objeto El género Ulex L. ha llomado la atenciôn de los boténicos en numerosas ocasîo- nes y se bon realizodo diverses estudios parciates o monogroffas globales sobre el mis- mo. Urxi de las mas recientes publîcada por C. VIcîoso en 1962 , basado fundamental - , mente sobre ospectos morfolôgicos , aborda de manera excelente la problematico del género, aun cuondo solo incluye los especîes espoMolas. Ya estudiodo en gran parte en sus aspectos morfôlogicos resultaba înteresante abordar el género Ulex desde otras perspectivos toxonomicas. En concrete se planteô el estudîo a nîvel especiFîco e Irfraespecffico de aspectos cîtolôgîcos, palînolôgicos y blo- métricos para contrastar los resultados obtenîdos con los esquemos estobiecidos con onte- rîorîdod. A nîvel citolôgîco se ho estudiodo el numéro cromosômico de los distîntos tâxones, haciendo hincapié en los distîntos niveles de ploîdfa encontrodos dentro de uno mlsmo es- pecle y su correspondencla con caractères morfolôgicos , ecolôgicos o geograficos para poder establecer con mayor precision la taxonomîa Infraespecifica dentro del género, A nivel pollnolôgico ante la ausencla casi total de datos tanto del género como de la tribu Genîsteoe se obordô la descripciôn morfolôgîca del
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