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N Voorstel Vir N Nuwe Leesmodel Vir Die Lees Van Werke Deur Skrywers

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N Voorstel Vir N Nuwe Leesmodel Vir Die Lees Van Werke Deur Skrywers Tussen mentors en minnaars: ʼn Voorstel vir ʼn nuwe leesmodel vir die lees van werke deur skrywers soos Peter Blum en lna Rousseau, waar ʼn persoonlike verhouding tussen die skrywers bestaan het Tania Colyn Town Cape of University Studieleier: prof. Joan Hambidge Departement van Afrikaans en Nederlands The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town Opsomming Die problematiek wat in hierdie studie voorgestel word, is om die verhoudings tussen spesifieke skrywers te ondersoek en te verstaan wat die aard van hul verhouding was en hoe dit ’n invloed op hul werk gehad het. Die kwessie van besitreg word ook ondersoek – die vraag word gevra: wanneer twee skrywers saam lewe en hul idees met mekaar bespreek en aan mekaar voorlees, aan wie behoort die teks uiteindelik? Feminisme sowel as psigoanalitiese teorieë word gebruik om die verhoudings tussen verskeie skrywers te ondersoek. Die werk van veral Sigmund Freud en Carl Gustav Jung word as grondslag tot ontleding gebruik. Daar word met ’n modernistiese lens ondersoek ingestel na die verhoudings tussen vier binnelandse skrywers – eerstens word daar gekyk na die verhouding tussen Ina Rousseau en Peter Blum en tweedens word die verhouding tussen Sheila Cussons en N.P. Van Wyk Louw ondersoek. Daarna word daar gekyk na verhoudings tussen sekere buitelandse skrywers – Simone de Beauvoir en Jean-Paul Sartre, en Hélène Cixous en Jacques Derrida. Vanaf die modernistiese blik word daar beweeg na ’n post-modernistiese lees van die werk van Hennie Aucamp en Koos Prinsloo, en die gesprek wat tussen hierdie twee skrywers plaasvind. Johann de Lange word ook as herskrywer van hul werk bestudeer. Aucamp en Prinsloo se verhouding was een van mentor en mentee, maar Prinsloo het in sy werk geïmpliseer dat Aucamp in ’n seksuele verhouding met hom belang gestel het. De Lange het dit egter in sy werk gekontekstualiseer en dit gestel dat Aucamp nie in enige ander soort verhouding met De Lange belang gestel het as hom te mentor nie. Die teorie van Slavoj Žižek word as moontlike oplossing vir die problematiek van hierdie studie aangebied. Sy werk bied ’n oorbrugging tussen die modernistiese en post- modernistiese lees van die werke wat hier bestudeer word. Žižek ondersoek die aard van die verhouding van die kyker/leser teenoor die kunswerk, sowel as die opheffing van die grense tussen fiksie en die werklikheid. Hy ondersoek die fiksionele ruimte en die leser/kyker se interaksie met hierdie ruimte. Judith Butler se werk rondom genderkonstruksies word ook gebruik om die interpretasie verder te beïnvloed. Uiteindelik word daar ’n nuwe leesmodel voorgestel waardeur die leser van die teks volledige betekenis uit die teks kan genereer. Hierdie nuwe leesmodel word voorgehou as die ideale metode van lees om sodoende die teks volledig te kan interpreteer. i Abstract This study investigates the problematic nature of personal relationships between certain writers and seeks to understand the nature of their relationship and the resulting influence on their work. The question of intellectual property rights is also raised – when two writers live together and discuss their ideas with one another, who owns the final text? Both feminism and psychoanalysis are used to investigate the relationships between the various writers. The work of Sigmund Freud and Carl Gustav Jung especially is used as basis for analysis. A modern lens is used to investigate the relationship between four local writers – the first example is the relationship between Ina Rousseau and Peter Blum, and the second example the relationship between Sheila Cussons and N.P. Van Wyk Louw. After this, the relationships between international writers are investigated – firstly the relationship between Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre, and then the relationship between Hélène Cixous and Jacques Derrida is studied. After using the lens of modernism, the focus moves to a post-modernism reading of the work of Hennie Aucamp and Koos Prinsloo, as well as the conversation that originated between these two writers. An investigation of Johann de Lange as a rewriter of their work is also conducted. Aucamp and Prinsloo had a mentor-mentee relationship, but in his work Prinsloo has insinuated that Aucamp was interested in a sexual relationship with him. However, De Lange contextualised this in his work and “corrected” Prinsloo’s perception by stating that Aucamp merely intended to mentor Prinsloo and was not interested in any kind of intimate relationship with Prinsloo. Slavoj Žižek’s theory is used as a possible solution for the question posed in this study. His work represents a bridge between the modern and post-modern readings of the works studied here. Applying his theory, the study attempts to bridge the gap between modernism and postmodernism. Žižek investigates the nature of the relationship between the viewer/reader and the artwork, as well as the suspension of the borders between fiction and reality. He investigates the fictional space, as well as the interaction of the reader/viewer with this space. Judith Butler’s theories regarding gender construction are also used to inform the interpretation. ii A new model for reading is finally proposed where the reader can fully generate meaning from the text. This new model for reading is proposed as the ideal method of reading in order to fully interpret and understand the text. iii BEDANKINGS My dank aan: My ma, Wendy, vir haar ondersteuning en haar geloof in hierdie studie en in my. My studieleier, prof. Joan Hambidge, vir haar geduld, waardevolle insigte en leiding op alle vlakke. Haar wye kennis, belangstelling en leermetodes was ’n inspirasie. Carmen September, vir haar geloof in my en dat sy vir my die moed gegee het om weer te begin skryf. Opgedra aan Zander Barnard – vir jou laaste woorde. Rus in vrede – ek sal jou nooit vergeet nie. iv Inhoudsopgawe Inleiding 1 Hoofstuk 1: Teoretiese benadering 4 1.1 Die posisie van die vroueskrywer in die kanon 4 1.2 Die ontwikkeling van die vroueskrywer 9 1.3 Feminismes en die literatuurtradisie 10 1.4 Die “anxiety of authorship” 11 1.5 Die posisie van vroueskrywers in verskillende tydperke 13 1.6 Genderkonstruksies 15 1.7 Die representasie van die vroulike figuur 18 1.8 Aparte kanons – is dit steeds relevant? 18 1.9 Die narratief van die literêre kanon 20 1.10 Die Afrikaanse kanon 22 Hoofstuk 2: Psigoanalitiese benadering 25 2.1. Sigmund Freud en Carl Gustav Jung 25 2.2. Die werk van Jacques Lacan 27 2.3. Die psigoanalise in die werk van skrywers 31 2.4. Die vroueskrywer en die psigoanalise 37 Hoofstuk 3: Žižek se teorie oor die rol van die kyker/leser 44 3.1. Žižek en feminismes 45 3.2. Judith Butler en die konstruksie van gender 45 3.3. Die rol van psigoanalise en genderrolle 48 3.4. Die brug tussen die modernistiese en post-modernistiese lees van tekste 53 Hoofstuk 4: Peter Blum en Ina Rousseau 56 4.1 Biografiese inligting – Ina Rousseau 56 4.2 Rousseau se oeuvre 56 4.3 Biografiese inligting – Peter Blum 63 4.4. Blum se oeuvre 63 4.5 Die verhouding tussen Blum en Rousseau 65 4.6. Die konstruksie van bepaalde genderrolle 71 4.7. Intertekstuele prosesse 76 4.8. Die idiosinkratiese woordgebruik 80 Hoofstuk 5: Verhoudings tussen skrywers 82 5.1. Jean-Paul Sartre en Simone de Beauvoir 82 5.2. Jacques Derrida en Hélène Cixous 90 5.3. N.P. Van Wyk Louw en Sheila Cussons: Binnelandse perspektief 93 Hoofstuk 6: Koos Prinsloo en die literêre vader 107 6.1 Die vermenging van feit en fiksie 107 6.2. Prinsloo en Aucamp as gay skrywers 110 6.3. Die gebruik van herkenbare figure in die teks 112 6.4. ’n Nuwe leesmodel vir die interpretasie van tekste 113 6.5. Die etiese kwessies van lees en skryf 115 Hoofstuk 7: Die aard van die intertekstuele proses 118 7.1. Die werk van Julia Kristeva 118 7.2. Die intertekstuele proses 120 7.3. Briewe as omliggende tekste in die intertekstuele proses 123 v Hoofstuk 8: ’n Model vir die lees van tekste 125 8.1. Die leser se interaksie met die teks 125 8.2. Leesprosesse 128 8.3. Interpretasie van die teks 133 8.4. Lees as ’n proses van genderkonstruksie 135 8.5. Die leser in die Afrikaanse literêre stelsel 137 Hoofstuk 9: Kopiereg en die vermenging van idees 139 9.1. Hoe gaan die leser te werk? 140 9.2. Aan wie behoort die teks? 141 9.3. Sou die een sonder die ander bestaan? 141 Hoofstuk 10: Die relasie tussen die dosent en student 142 10.1. Die relasie tussen die mentor en mentee en die geliefdes 143 10.2. Die skrywer en die geskryfde – die werk van Koos Prinsloo 146 10.3. Die vermenging van outobiografie en fiksie 153 10.4. Die veranderende dinamiek tussen skrywers 155 Slot 156 Addendum 158 Bibliografie 172 vi Inleiding Die problematiek wat in hierdie studie voorgestel word, is om die verhoudings tussen spesifieke skrywers te ondersoek en te verstaan wat die aard van hul relasie was en hoe dit ’n invloed op hul werk gehad het. Die kwessie van besitreg word ook ondersoek – die vraag word gevra: wanneer twee skrywers saam lewe en hul idees met mekaar bespreek en aan mekaar voorlees, aan wie behoort die teks uiteindelik? Hierdie tesis word as ’n eksperiment aangebied om die verskil tussen die modernisme en die post-modernisme voor te stel en te oorbrug.
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