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Home , Kidatu, Mwanza, Tabora, Transport in Tanzania

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Transport: Highway to development

Introduction and financially sustainable opment and maintenance There has been a sus- transportation must be cost- programmes and reforms tained effort on the part of effective and continuously aimed at enhancing the Government of to responsive to changing de- provision of an efficient, cost- create essential transport mands through the creation effective and safe transport infrastructure and services of a more competitive trans- system in the country. to improve access to jobs, port sector. Therefore, the education and health facil- availability of proper trans- Allocation of funds to the ities and also to facilitate port infrastructure and effi- transport sector has increased domestic and international cient transport services are consistently over the past trade as well as strengthen crucial determinants for decade from around 170 regional integration and socio-economic development billion in 2001/2002 to over attract foreign investment. and industrial development. 1,100 billion in 2010/2011. This socio-economic develop- mental scenario underscores In the past five years, the Despite the progress made, the fact that transportation transport sector in Tanzania is char- is pivotal to the overall devel- has helped to integrate market- acterized by the following: opment of Tanzania. Indeed, strengthening competition, • Inadequate transport net- it is a key infrastructure sector increase access to farming work length leading to inade- that acts as a stimulus to techniques, promote trade, quate accessibility to econom- socio-economic growth and tourism, and foreign invest- ically potential areas; also accounts for a large pro- ment, and has contributed to • High transport costs; portion of public investment. the government revenue. This • Long travel times; was made possible through • Poor urban mobility espe- It is important to empha- the implementation of a cially in large cities like Dar es size that to be economically number of transport devel- Salaam, and .

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Performance of the sector Marine Transport Regulatory to the growth of the national Transport services grew Authority (SUMATRA) and economy by helping other by 6.0% in 2009 compared the Tanzania Civil Aviation sectors to attain their aspi- to 6.9% the previous year. Authority (TCAA). rations and to eventually This was as a direct result of achieve the eradication of lack of transportation means The reforms include in- poverty. TSIP is being imple- (such as planes and railway creasing Private Sector Partic- mented in two five-year carriages) for passengers ipation in the Transport Sec- phases. The first phase com- and cargo. This particularly tor through management menced in 2007/08 and is affected the state-run Air contracts and/or outright sale scheduled to end in 2011/12 Tanzania Corporation (ATC) of parastatals. Furthermore a while the second phase is due and Tanzania Railways Cor- strategy for the operations of to take off in 2012/13 and poration (TRC). However, the TAZARA as well as the other end in 2016/17. Over 60% of subsector’s contribution to revenue units of Tanzania the financial requirements GDP grew from 4.2% in 2008 Ports Authority (TPA) and for the TSIP is earmarked for to 5.2% in 2009. those of the Marine Services roads development. Company (MSC) is being final- Management ized. The establishment of In 2010/2011 Financial The Ministry of Infra- Roads Fund Board has shown Year, The Ministry of Infra- structure Development fore- positive impacts as road main- structure Development will sees the development of the tenance has been improved. receive TZS 1.1 trillion to imple- transport sector in the coun- ment a number of projects. try. It facilitates provision Transport Sector The money will be spent on of an economic, safe and Investment Programme the construction of roads, a reliable transport industry (TSIP) new station for container serv- that meets the needs of the Tanzania has put in place ices, a special yard for motor public through development a Transport Sector Investment vehicles at Port, and implementation of appro- Programme (TSIP) for devel- the construction of a cargo priate sector policies, strate- oping the transport sector in centre (CFS) at Kisarawe, the gies and standards. an effective manner. The main expansion of Port, objective of the programme the rehabilitation of Institutional Sector is to ensure the development Port and development of Reforms in a way that enables the sec- Mwanza harbour and the The Government has tor to contribute effectively rehabilitation of railways. made a notable progress in the transport sector. In order to support economic growth, several reforms have been realized. Among the reforms is the transforming into semi autonomous agencies whose functions are of operational or service delivery nature. Operational Agencies are Tanzania National Roads Agency (TANROADS), Tanza- nia Airports Authority (TAA), Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA), Tanzania Government Flight Agency (TGFA), and Tanzania Electri- cal, Mechanical and Electronic Services Agency (TEMESA). Reforms have also resulted into the establishment of transport regulatory author- ities that include Surface and

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Road In the past five years, for routine maintenance, com- The geography of Tan- the conditions of trunk and bined with increased traffic. zania, its size, diversity and regional roads have steadily dispersion give roads a spe- improved, helping to reduce Rail cial position in integration infrastructure problems that The railways system boasts of the national economy. In people in many parts of the a total track length of 3,676 particular roads serve rural country were facing. The over- km, which are operated by areas (where the majority of all road condition assessment two railway systems: the the people live) more effec- at the end of December 2009 Tanzania Railway Limited tively than any other mode indicated that 73% were good, (TRL)-2,706km and Tanzania- of transport. Road transport 23% were fair and 4% were Railway Authority is the dominant mode in poor compared to 25% good, (TAZARA)-970 km. Tanzania and carries over 40% fair and 35% poor in The two systems inter- 80% passengers and over December 2001. face at and at Dar es 75% of freight traffic. Salaam port. Together, the Between June 2000 and railways serve 14 of the 21 The total classified road June 2009 a total of 912 km regions of Mainland Tanzania. network is estimated to be of trunk and regional Roads They also serve neighbouring 86,472 km of which about were upgraded/rehabilitated countries of Zambia, DRC, 7% is paved. The Ministry of to bitumen standard. , , Infrastructure Development and Malawi. through the Tanzania National The road construction The Railway system is Roads Agency (TANROADS) budget is increased every in very poor condition, par- is managing the National year through the Road Fund. ticularly the TRL network. It has faced several impor- tant infrastructural problems, as well as stiff competition from road transport. This has led to a deterioration of its network assets and its capa- bility to provide a reliable and constant service.

Consequently, tonnage freight volume and passenger number have declined in 2009. Tanzania Railways Limited (TRL) carried a total of 237,000 tonnes of cargo compared to 429,000 tonnes in 2008, representing a decline of 44.8 %. A total of 285,000 passengers were transported compared to 392,000 in 2008. Decrease in the number of passenger and cargo trans- road network of about 29,847 In 2009/10 financial year, portation was caused by insuf- km comprising 10,601 km Tanzania Road Fund col- ficient number of cabins, poor of trunk and 19,246 km of lected about TZS 284 billion infrastructure and poor per- regional roads. The remaining compared to TZS 73 billion formance caused by workers’ network of about 56,625 km in 2005/2006. occasional strikes. The floods of urban, district and feeder that occurred in , roads is under the responsi- Despite the efforts, the road region in January bility of the Prime Minister’s national network remains 2010 destroyed the central Office Regional Administra- inadequate, as it is faced with railway system, halting train tion and Local Government lack of sufficient funds for services between Dar es (PMO-RALG). rehabilitation, upgrading and Salaam and .

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major improvements to serv- ices for the passengers who use the country’s three major airports.

During the year under review aviation industry providers increased to 63, compared to 46 in 2008. The total number of inter- national passengers went down to 988,637 compared to 1,089,346 in 2008. Such a situation was caused by Corporation Lim- ited (ATCL) decision to halt its services outside the coun- The same year, TAZARA taxiways remain poor for most try, and reduce number of carried 333,000 tonnes of of the airports in Tanzania. domestic flights. Other rea- cargo compared to 525,000 During the last five years, sons included world economic tonnes in 2008, representing however, the government crisis and fewer tourists who a decline of 36.6%. Passengers through the Tanzania Airports visited the country. that used TAZARA in 2009 Authority (TAA) and Tanzania were 923,000, compared to Civil Aviation Authority Marine transport 1.2 million in 2008, equals to (TCAA), has implemented a Both sea and inland water- 21.6% decrease due to insuf- number of development proj- ways ports in Tanzania are ficient funds available to run ects which are designed to managed and operated by the company profitably. further modernize the airports. the (TPA). At the beginning of 2010, Airport infrastructure and government decided to ter- services are currently being The TPA’s main Indian minate its contract with RITES upgraded to international Ocean ports are Dar es Salaam, of India on the running of TRL. standards, in particular JNIA, Mtwara, and Tanga; minor After restoring the services KIA and ZIA. Domestic airports seaports serving coastal traffic particularly to places which earmarked for infrastructure include Lindi, Kilwa Masoko, were abandoned by the out- improvements include , Mafia Island, , going Indian investor, the gov- ernment will decide whether to find another investor or con- tinue the venture on its own.

Air There are 125 airports in Tanzania including airstrips serving domestic and inter- national traffic. 62 out of that total of airports are owned and managed by the govern- ment. Tanzania has four inter- national airports located in Dar es Salaam (JNIA), , Dodoma, Kigoma, Pangani and Kwale. The Port (ZIA), Kilimanjaro (KIA), and Mafia and Songwe. In October of Zanzibar is administered Mwanza (MWZ). 2009, TAA announced the separately by the Zanzibar arrival of self-service check- Port Corporation. Generally, the conditions in, baggage reconciliation, of basic airport infrastructures, sophisticated flight infor- The such as runways, aprons and mation displays and other is one of the key entry points

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into the East Coast of Africa space at the port’s container with an annual throughput terminal. This is in contrast of 7 million tons handling to 10,504 containers that were about 93% of Tanzania’s port at the container terminal traffic. It is also an important in 2009. Customs clearance outlet for neighbouring land- procedures have also eased, locked countries. It has a due to extended working hours rated capacity of 4.1 million at the custom’s department, (dwt) dry cargo and 6.0 million among other improvements. (dwt) bulk liquid cargo. Dar es Salaam port’s con- Cargo volumes handled tainer terminal which was at the port have expanded leased to Tanzania Interna- by 15% per year since 2004, tional Container Terminal leading to congestion. Despite Services (TICTS) for 10 years that, Tanzania has tremen- in 2000, a contract that was dously improved its capacity later extended for another Itungi on Lake Nyasa; and to efficiently move goods and 15 years in September 2005 Kigoma on Lake . handle other trade logistics has increased the number of over the last two years. During containers being handled Those lake ports are used 2009, port operations in Dar from 100,000 to over 320,000 to transport cargo and pas- es Salaam improved sig- at present. TPA recently sengers inland as well as nificantly. Dwell time has announced an investment between neighbouring coun- dropped from an average of US $60 million from the tries. They are presently 16 of 20 days in January 2009 private sector investors Hut- operating vessels on the lakes. to between 11 and 13 days chicon Ports Holdings, Wai for transit and domestic Chau and TICTS, to facilitate Pipeline goods respectively. A ship its port operations in easing The pipeline system con- now waits for only 3.8 days congestion at its ports. TPA sists of 1,750 km used to at the outer anchorage com- also announced that the Dar transport crude oil products pared to an average of 12.7 es Salaam port would build from Dar es Salaam to Ndola refinery in Zambia, and 232 km used to transport natural gas from Songo Songo to Dar es Salaam.

Conclusion The government in Tanza- nia realizes that an improved transport sector is critical to opening up the development of its economy, strengthening competition, increasing access to farming implements and products, promoting trade, tourism, and foreign invest- days in January 2009. The a second container terminal ment apart from contributing turnround time has improved in an expansion programme immensely to the govern- to 6.7 days from 18.9 days valued at USD400-630m in ment revenues. With this in in January 2009. The special a project due to be completed mind, efforts are being made operation on decongesting by 2013/2014. to ensure sufficient budget the port also saw 37,765 con- allocations especially to the tainers being transferred to Lake Transport roads sector, which is essential Inland Container Depots The major inland water- for opening up remote rural (ICDs) without additional ways ports are Mwanza, areas which are Tanzania’s costs between January and Kemondo Bay, Bukoba and bread baskets. December 2009, creating extra on ; ■

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